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Ara Dinkjian and World Music: the Case of the Musical Quartet “Night Ark”

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Ara Dinkjian and World Music: the Case of the Musical Quartet “Night Ark” ARA DINKJIAN AND WORLD MUSIC: THE CASE OF THE MUSICAL QUARTET “NIGHT ARK” [i] Apra, 08/05/2020 EnITPOnH A2l0AOrHI:HI:: I. EmPAfaoucra Ka81w1,-rpta Ynoypaq>iJ Ammcria 0w8ocriou AvanAT]p6rrpta Ka8riyiJ-rpia 2. MO,oc;cm-rponiJc; Ynoypaq>iJ NtK6Aaoc; Av8piKoc; EniKOupoc; Ka81w1FiJc; 3. Mt11,oc; cm-rponiJc; Ynoypaq>11 MapKoc; LKOUAt0c; EniKoupoc; Ka81wri-r11c; Mapia Zouµnou11,11 Ynoypaq>11 [ii] © Βογιατζής Αλέξανδρος, 2020 Με επιφύλαξη παντός δικαιώματος. All rights reserved. [iii] A,jlront] µ1] loyotlom\s �T]Affivro unEUBuva Km yvropiSovrar; nc; KUpOOcri::1,; wu N. 2121/1993 upi Tivrnµm;ucijc;; lo10Ktr1aim;, 6n TJ napoOcra. ITT1.)X),Wctl tpyacria i::ivm E� o/1.oKAfJpou ano'ttAecrµa 61lCT\r; µou spe:uvrrnlCTlr; epyacrim;, OEV a.nots/1.d npoi:6v avnypcupfJr; oUi-t npotpxEim cm6 avci0scrri cre -rpit:our;. 'OAEr; m 1tT\'Yi:,; nou XPT\cnµon:ou,SytKav (Kcifh: d8ou,;, µopqnlr; Km npotAZucnv;) ym 'tT\ mryypaq-,11 'tT\r; nepMµ{16.vovtm CJT11 �t�l.toyp"'pia. Yn:oypmp' [iv] Στους γονείς μου [v] ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ Ο Ara Dinkjian είναι Αρμένιος συνθέτης και δεξιοτέχνης στο ούτι που ζει και δραστηριοποιείται μουσικά την Αμερική. Αυτός δημιούργησε το 1985 το μουσικό κουαρτέτο “Night Ark” μέσα από το οποίο προσπάθησε να «παντρέψει» τα «ανατολικά» με τα «δυτικά» του ακούσματα. Αναλυτικότερα, επηρεασμένος από τα ακούσματα που είχε από την παιδική του ηλικία αφενός από τον πατέρα του, Onnik Dinkjian, ερμηνευτή της αρμένικης παραδοσιακής μουσικής και συγκεκριμένα του τοπικού ιδιώματος της ιδιαίτερης περιοχής του Dikranagerd (σημερινό Diyarbakir της Τουρκίας) και, αφετέρου από την τζαζ κυρίως μουσική παράδοση, δημιούργησε ένα κράμα των παραπάνω, το οποίο και αποτέλεσε το ιδιαίτερο «χρώμα» του σχήματος. Στα πλαίσια της παρούσας εργασίας αναλύθηκαν συνεντεύξεις του Ara Dinkjian, με στόχο να μελετηθεί ο τρόπος που προσδιορίζεται ο συνθέτης. Κατόπιν καταγράφηκαν διάφορες συνθέσεις από το σχήμα “Night Ark”, αποτυπώνοντας τη μίξη που προαναφέρθηκε, ενώ αναλύθηκε και η έννοια της “world music”, προκειμένου να περιγραφούν οι προϋποθέσεις που εντάσσουν τον συνθέτη, αλλά και το εν λόγω σχήμα στην κατηγορία αυτή. Σε ό,τι αφορά τα συμπεράσματα που προέκυψαν, οι “Night Ark” κατατάσσονται στην κατηγορία “world music” και κατ’ επέκταση και ο ίδιος ο Ara Dinkjian θεωρείται “world musician”, πράγμα που συμφωνεί και με το πώς προσδιορίζεται. Έτσι, η παραπάνω θέση ισχύει, δεδομένου ότι η μουσική αυτή συνδυάζει τον τοπικό ήχο μιας μη-δυτικής παράδοσης με στοιχεία δυτικών παραδόσεων, αλλά και το γεγονός ότι προβλήθηκε μέσα από τις δυτικές δισκογραφικές εταιρίες με αποδέκτη το δυτικό μουσικό κοινό. Λέξεις κλειδιά: Ara Dinkjian, δεξιοτέχνης στο ούτι, Night Ark, μίξη, world music, τζαζ. [vi] ABSTRACT Ara Dinkjian is an Armenian composer and virtuoso oud player that lives and takes action in America. In 1985, he formed the musical quartet “Night Ark” through which he tried to “wed” his “eastern” and “western” sounds. More explicitly, being influenced by the sounds he was exposed to during his childhood, on the one hand by his father, Onnik Dinkjian - a performer of armenian traditional music and, in particular, of the local musical idiom of the distinct region of Dikranagerd (Diyarbakir of nowadays Turkey) - and, on the other hand, by the jazz tradition, he composed a mixture of all these, which formed the distinct “sound” of the band. In the context of the present work, interviews of Ara Dinkjian were analyzed, in order to study how to identify the composer. Subsequently, various compositions of “Night Ark” were transcribed, imprinting the mixture that was mentioned before, whereas the meaning of “world music” was analyzed, in order to describe the conditions that include the composer and this band too, in this category. According to the findings, “Night Ark” is included in the category of “world music” and by extension Ara Dinkjian himself is considered a “world musician”, according to how he declares himself, too. Thus, the statement above is valid, since the band’s music combines the local sound of a non-western tradition with elements of western traditions, as well as the fact that it was promoted by western record labels addressing a western musical audience. Keywords: Ara Dinkjian, virtuoso oud player, Night Ark, mixture, world music, jazz. [vii] ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ............................................................................................................. vi ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ vii ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ ................................................................................................... viii ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ – ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΕΣ ................................................................................. x ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ ............................................................................................................... 1 Α΄ μέρος .................................................................................................................... 5 Κεφάλιο Πρώτο: Ara Dinkjian – βιογραφικά στοιχεία ......................................... 6 1.1. Η ταυτότητα του Ara Dinkjian ..................................................................... 7 Κεφάλαιο Δεύτερο: Η “world music” ................................................................. 12 Κεφάλαιο Τρίτο: Οι “Night Ark” ....................................................................... 15 Β΄ μέρος .................................................................................................................. 18 Κεφάλαιο Τέταρτο: Οι επιρροές του Ara Dinkjian ............................................. 19 4.1. Βασικά στοιχεία της αρμένικης λαϊκής μουσικής .......................................... 19 4.2. Το φαινόμενο της τροπικότητας .................................................................... 21 4.2.1. Το μακαμικό σύστημα – βασικά χαρακτηριστικά ....................................... 22 4.3. Το “kef” και η μουσική παράδοση από το Dikranagerd ................................. 24 4.4. Ο Ara Dinkjian και οι επιρροές από τη μουσική παράδοση του Dikranagerd . 28 4.5. Οι επιρροές από τη δυτική μουσική – η εναρμόνιση στις συνθέσεις του Ara Dinkjian ............................................................................................................... 30 4.6. Η τζαζ μουσική και τα χαρακτηριστικά της ................................................... 33 4.7. Ο Ara Dinkjian και οι επιρροές από τη τζαζ .................................................. 36 Κεφάλαιο Πέμπτο: Κριτήρια καταγραφής .......................................................... 40 Κεφάλαιο Έκτο: Ανάλυση καταγραφών ............................................................. 42 Offering ............................................................................................................ 43 Picture ............................................................................................................. 49 Homecoming .................................................................................................... 52 Slide Dance ...................................................................................................... 59 Fly away .......................................................................................................... 66 Moments........................................................................................................... 72 Going with the abandon ................................................................................... 80 ΕΠΙΛΟΓΟΣ – ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ ......................................................................... 87 ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ .................................................................................................... 89 [viii] ΠΑΡΑΡΤΗΜΑ 1: Φωτογραφικό Υλικό ................................................................... 93 ΠΑΡΑΡΤΗΜΑ 2: Καταγραφές................................................................................ 94 [ix] ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ – ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΕΣ Το ενδιαφέρον μου για τις διάφορες παραδόσεις του κόσμου ξεκίνησε πολύ πριν τη φοίτησή μου στο Τμήμα Μουσικών Σπουδών του Πανεπιστημίου Ιωαννίνων. Παρόλ’ αυτά, μέσα από την επαφή με το ακαδημαϊκό περιβάλλον και την επιστημονική έρευνα, κατάφερα να ερμηνεύσω θεωρητικά και να αποκωδικοποιήσω τη μουσική πληροφορία ορισμένων από αυτές τις παραδόσεις. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο προέκυψε και το παρόν πόνημα. Μελωδίες των συνθέσεων του Ara Dinkjian άκουγα από πολύ μικρή ηλικία, μέσα από τη δισκογραφία της Ελευθερίας Αρβανιτάκη («Δυνατά-δυνατά», «Μένω εκτός» κλπ.), ενώ οι ίδιες σημάδεψαν την περίοδο αυτή με μια σειρά αναμνήσεων. Κατόπιν, με τη φοίτησή μου στο τμήμα, το ενδιαφέρον για ανάλυση των μουσικών του συγκεκριμένου συνθέτη, με την ταυτόχρονη ανακάλυψη των Night Ark ως μουσικού σχήματος, άρχισε να δυναμώνει, κυρίως μετά την απόκτηση βασικών γνώσεων για το σύστημα που μοιράζονται οι παραδόσεις της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου, ενώ ταυτόχρονα ανακάλυπτα όλο και περισσότερες αναφορές του συστήματος αυτού στις συνθέσεις. Επιπλέον, η επιλογή του ουτιού, ως οργάνου δεξιότητας στη διάρκεια των σπουδών μου, ενός οργάνου που πρωταγωνιστεί στις περισσότερες από αυτές τις παραδόσεις, μου επέτρεψε να πειραματιστώ πάνω στις συγκεκριμένες μελωδίες, καθώς και να τις ενσωματώσω στο ρεπερτόριό μου. Πριν κλείσω, θα ήθελα να ευχαριστήσω ιδιαίτερα την επόπτριά μου, κ. Θεοδοσίου Ασπασία, τον κ. Ανδρίκο που έλεγξε το μουσικολογικό υλικό της εργασίας, καθώς επίσης και τους γονείς μου για την άπειρη υπομονή τους όλο το διάστημα της αναζήτησης θέματος και της ενασχόλησής μου με την εργασία. Τέλος, ιδιαίτερες ευχαριστίες
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