DOCSLIB.ORG

Uamh an Ard Achadh (High Pasture Cave) & Environs Project, Strath, Isle of Skye 2009 (NGR NG 5943 1971)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Uamh an Ard Achadh (High Pasture Cave) & Environs Project, Strath, Isle of Skye 2009 (NGR NG 5943 1971) The Preliminary Assessment and Analysis of Late Prehistoric Cultural Deposits from a Limestone Cave and Associated Surface Features Data Structure Report - HPC006 West Coast Archaeological Services Archaeological & Ancient Landscape Survey Broadford Environmental Group West Coast Archaeological Services Archaeological and Ancient Landscape Survey Broadford Environmental Group July 2010 Grant aided by: Historic Scotland The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Highland Council Highland 2007 Fund Western Isles, Skye & Lochalsh LEADER+ Uamh an Ard Achadh (High Pasture Cave) Strath, Isle of Skye 2009 (NGR NG 5943 1971) The Preliminary Assessment and Analysis of Late Prehistoric Cultural Deposits from a Limestone Cave and Associated Surface Features Data Structure Report - HPC006 Authors: Steven Birch Martin Wildgoose George Kozikowski Contributors: Fraser Hunter National Museums Scotland Dawn MacLaren National Museums Scotland Alan Saville National Museums Scotland Kirsty Bennell National Museums Scotland Marion O’Neill National Museums Scotland Ann MacSween Historic Scotland Carrie Drew University of Durham Emma Horton University of Durham Mike Church University of Durham Sheena Fraser University of Edinburgh Kath McSweeney University of Edinburgh Jo McKenzie University of Bradford Mike Cressey CFA Archaeology Ltd Antonia Craster AOC Archaeology Group Conservation Department West Coast Archaeological Services Sealladh Alainn 4 Upper Breakish Isle of Skye IV42 8PY Tel: 07867 651886 Email: [email protected] 2 Contents Page 3 List of Figures 6 List of Plates 6 List of Tables 7 1. Summary 8 2. Introduction 12 2.1 General 12 2.2 Background 12 2.3 Objectives 13 2.4 Layout of this Report 16 2.5 Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 16 2.6 Wider Publication 16 2.7 Archiving and Finds Disposal 17 2.8 Acknowledgements 17 3. Methods 18 3.1 General 18 3.2 Assessment of Desk-Based Sources 18 3.3 Field Survey 19 3.4 Excavation and Sample Processing 20 3.5 Archaeological Data Analysis 21 4. Fieldwork Results 21 4.1 Strath Suardal Landscape Survey 21 4.2 Landscape Survey and trial Excavation – 2010 22 4.3 Excavation Results 22 4.3.1 General 22 4.3.2 Trench 2 22 4.3.3 Trench 15 30 4.3.4 Trench 19 34 4.3.5 Trench 20 39 4.3.6 Test Pit Trench 4 40 4.3.7 Test Pit Trench 5, 6 and 7 40 4.3.8 Test Pit Trench 9 42 4.3.9 Test Pit Trench 8 42 4.3.10 Test Pit Trench 10 42 4.3.11 Uamh an T-Sill (Cave of the Seed): Trench 1 43 4.4 Discussion 44 3 5. Small Finds Assessment 46 5.1 General 46 5.2 High Pasture Cave: Assessment Report on Small Finds 46 5.3 Report on the Pottery 53 5.4 Fire-Cracked Stone and Preliminary Analysis of Stone Tools 53 5.5 Osteological Analysis of Bone and Antler Artefacts 54 6. Environmental Analysis 54 6.1 General 54 6.2 Analysis of Ecofacts 55 7. Palaeoenvironmental Assessment of the Ecofacts and Isotope Analysis 55 7.1 Analysis of the Animal Bone 55 7.2 Analysis of Charred Plant remains 56 7.3 Analysis of Burnt Bone 67 7.4 Analysis of Fish and Shellfish 75 7.5 Analysis of Charcoal 76 8. Radiocarbon Dating Programme and Preliminary Site Phasing 76 8.1 Radiocarbon Dating Programme and Results 76 8.2 Preliminary Site Phasing 83 9. Discussion 83 10. Recommendations for Further Work 89 10.1 Introduction 89 10.2 Cave Morphology Survey 90 10.3 Field Survey 90 10.4 Programme of Excavation 90 10.5 Programme of Post-Excavation Analysis 91 10.6 Publication and Dissemination of Information 92 11. References 95 4 Appendix 1: Context Lists by Trench 100 Appendix 2: List of Features by Trench 124 Appendix 3: Digital Images Register 141 Appendix 4: Field Drawing Register 155 Appendix 5: Finds Register by Trench 159 Appendix 6: Samples Register by Trench 170 Appendix 7: Burnt Plant Remains Spreadsheet Data 175 Appendix 8: Names and Addresses of Contributors 177 Plate 1 – Recording Trench 1 in Uamh an T-Sill 5 List of Figures 1 - Location maps for the High Pasture Cave site 14 2 - 2009 trench location plan 23 3 - Stairwell F2.23 plan, section and image 25 4 - Plan showing enclosure wall F15.14 and stairwell F2.23 32 5 - Plan of lower walkway F15.37 34 6 - Plan showing enclosure wall F15.14 and location of trenches 36 7 - Plan of ard marks and cut features in Trench 19 38 8 - Chart showing overall preservation of cereal grains from site 59 9 - Graph showing ratio of symmetrical to asymmetrical grains of barley 60 10 - Graph showing composition of cereal grain assemblage from site 60 11 - Burnt grain sample size by context 61 12 - Breakdown of weed seed assemblage from site 61 13 - Calculated grain concentrations by context at HPC 62 14 - Graph showing distribution of burning of bone over assemblage 71 15 - Radiocarbon dates falling within the range 800BC to 500BC 80 16 - Radiocarbon dates falling within the range 800BC to 500BC 81 17 - Radiocarbon dates falling within the range 400BC to 200BC 81 18 - Radiocarbon dates falling within the range 350BC to 150BC 82 19 - Radiocarbon dates falling within the range 200BC to AD150 82 20 - Plan of floor deposits in Bone passage relating to major phases of activity 84 21 - Distribution of querns/quern fragments on site (all phases) 88 22 - Distribution of finds relating to metalworking on site (all phases) 89 23 - SE facing section through Trenches 2 and 15 including stairwell F2.23 93 24 - NW facing section through Trenches 2 and 15 94 List of Plates 1 - Recording Trench 1 in Uamh an T-Sill 5 2 - Excavations in progress – May 2009 11 3 - Excavations taking lace in Trench 19 18 4 - Stairwell F2.23 before excavations in 2009 26 5 - Final phase of stairwell F2.23 and landing from the E 27 6 - Stairwell steps F2.24 leading to the head of the stairwell 27 7 - Stairwell F2.23 from the W 28 8 - Granite hearths F2.26 and F2.27, an back slab F2.28 28 9 - Stairwell F2.23 showing hearth back slab F2.28 29 10 - Stairwell F2.23 showing hearth back slab from the SE 29 11 - N elevation of enclosure wall F15.14 (F15.39) 31 12 - SW facing section through enclosure wall F15.14 in Trench 15 33 13 - Paving F15.42 subsiding into backfilled cave entrance, Trench 15 33 14 - Trench 19 looking E showing wall F19.12 and context C19.11 36 15 - Trench 19 looking NW showing wall footings (F19.12) 37 16 - Trench 19 showing features pre-dating formation of the burnt spreads 37 17 - NE facing section in Trench 20 showing compacted burnt spread deposits 40 18 - NE facing section through test trench TP6 41 19 - Slab-built hearth F1.01 in Trench 1, Uamh an T-Sill 44 20 - Coarse cobble tools from the 2009 excavations at HPC 49 21 - Quern rubber recovered from the lower walkway F15.37 51 22 - Pottery recovered during the 2009 excavations at HPC 54 23 - Backfill/closure deposits in lower walkway F15.37 87 6 List of Tables 1 - Summary of small finds assemblage 47 2 - Summary of coarse stone tool assemblage 48 3 - Preservation class of burnt plant remains 58 4 - Contexts examined for burnt bone 68 5 - Weight of burnt bone fragments 69 6 - Burnt bone fragments over 10g 69 7 - Complete bones from assemblage 69 8 - Percentage distribution of burning by weight/mesh size 70 9 - Percentage distribution of burning by weight/trench 71 10 - Species identified from contexts 72 11 - Bone fragments per anatomical area assigned to species 73 12 - Frequency of modifications noted 74 7 1. SUMMARY 1.1 Background 1.1.1 This report presents the results of field survey, excavation and preliminary analysis undertaken at Uamh an Ard Achadh (High Pasture Cave), in the Parish of Strath, Isle of Skye (NGR NG 5943 1971), carried out between April 2009 and May 2010 by West Coast Archaeological Services and Archaeological & Ancient Landscape Survey. 1.1.2 Fieldwork was undertaken as a result of preliminary rescue work and evaluation at the site between 2002 and 2004 (Birch et al, 2003; Birch et al, 2005), which included the removal of archaeological deposits from the cave that had been disturbed by speleologists visiting the site during 1997. 1.1.3 Preliminary analysis of the small finds recovered from the cave suggested activity at the site during the later prehistoric period, while radiocarbon assays indicate periodic, but continual use of the site between the 7th century BC and the 1st century AD. However, a group of small finds recovered from the cave and surface deposits and prehistoric ard marks, backed up by a radiocarbon dates obtained on wood charcoal, provide evidence of earlier activity at the site (see Section 8). 1.1.4 Additional fieldwork carried out at the site between 2005 and 2008 revealed a complex sequence of archaeological deposits containing large quantities of ecofactual material and a well-preserved faunal assemblage (Birch et al, 2008). A wide range of small finds was also recovered from the excavation including stone, iron and bone tools, ceramics and evidence of metal and antler working. Excavations at the surface, which focused on the investigation of a former blocked entrance to the cave, uncovered a deep sequence of archaeological deposits containing significant quantities of artefacts and ecofacts. 1.1.5 In Trenches 2 and 15 these well-stratified deposits exceed 3 metres in depth and were found to contain lenses of organic-rich sediments interspersed with peat and wood ash layers, associated with a succession of massive hearths.
Recommended publications
  • NEWSLETTER October 2015

    NEWSLETTER October 2015

    NEWSLETTER October 2015 Dates for your diary MAD evenings Tuesdays 7.30 - 9.30 pm at Strathpeffer Community Centre 17th November Northern Picts - Candy Hatherley of Aberdeen University 8th December A pot pourri of NOSAS activity 19th January 2016 Rock Art – Phase 2 John Wombell 16th February 15th March Bobbin Mills - Joanna Gilliat Winter walks Thursday 5th November Pictish Easter Ross with soup and sandwiches in Balintore - David Findlay Friday 4th December Slochd to Sluggan Bridge: military roads and other sites with afternoon tea - Meryl Marshall Saturday 9th January 2016 Roland Spencer-Jones Thursday 4th February Caledonian canal and Craig Phadrig Fort- Bob & Rosemary Jones Saturday 5th March Sat 9th April Brochs around Brora - Anne Coombs Training Sunday 8 November 2 - 4 pm at Tarradale House Pottery identification course (beginners repeated) - Eric Grant 1 Archaeology Scotland Summer School, May 2015 The Archaeology Scotland Summer School for 2015 covered Kilmartin and North Knapdale. The group stayed in Inveraray and included a number of NOSAS members who enjoyed the usual well researched sites and excellent evening talks. The first site was a Neolithic chambered cairn in Crarae Gardens. This cairn was excavated in the 1950s when it was discovered to contain inhumations and cremation burials. The chamber is divided into three sections by two septal slabs with the largest section at the rear. The next site was Arichonan township which overlooks Caol Scotnish, an inlet of Loch Sween, and which was cleared in 1848 though there were still some households listed in the 1851 census. Chambered cairn Marion Ruscoe Later maps indicate some roofed buildings as late as 1898.
  • 5 Years on Ice Age Europe Network Celebrates – Page 5

    5 Years on Ice Age Europe Network Celebrates – Page 5

    network of heritage sites Magazine Issue 2 aPriL 2018 neanderthal rock art Latest research from spanish caves – page 6 Underground theatre British cave balances performances with conservation – page 16 Caves with ice age art get UnesCo Label germany’s swabian Jura awarded world heritage status – page 40 5 Years On ice age europe network celebrates – page 5 tewww.ice-age-europe.euLLING the STORY of iCe AGE PeoPLe in eUROPe anD eXPL ORING PLEISTOCene CULtURAL HERITAGE IntrOductIOn network of heritage sites welcome to the second edition of the ice age europe magazine! Ice Age europe Magazine – issue 2/2018 issn 2568­4353 after the successful launch last year we are happy to present editorial board the new issue, which is again brimming with exciting contri­ katrin hieke, gerd­Christian weniger, nick Powe butions. the magazine showcases the many activities taking Publication editing place in research and conservation, exhibition, education and katrin hieke communication at each of the ice age europe member sites. Layout and design Brightsea Creative, exeter, Uk; in addition, we are pleased to present two special guest Beate tebartz grafik Design, Düsseldorf, germany contributions: the first by Paul Pettitt, University of Durham, cover photo gives a brief overview of a groundbreaking discovery, which fashionable little sapiens © fumane Cave proved in february 2018 that the neanderthals were the first Inside front cover photo cave artists before modern humans. the second by nuria sanz, water bird – hohle fels © urmu, director of UnesCo in Mexico and general coor­­­di nator of the Photo: burkert ideenreich heaDs programme, reports on the new initiative for a serial transnational nomination of neanderthal sites as world heritage, for which this network laid the foundation.
  • Half of 10 Upper Breakish 23.03.21

    Half of 10 Upper Breakish 23.03.21

    The Isle of Skye Estate Agency Portree Office: [email protected] The Isle of Skye Estate Agency 01478 612 683 Kyle Office: [email protected] www.iosea.co.uk 01599 534 555 Half of 10, Upper Breakish. IV42 8PY. Offers over £290,000 Popular location Four bedrooms Family home/holiday let Double glazing & oil heating Sea & mountain views Traditional features Fully enclosed garden Multi Fuel stove Description: Half of 10 is an impressive detached four bedroom property located in the township of Upper Breakish occupying an elevated position whereby stunning views across the Inner Sound, the Isles of Raasay, Pabay & Scalpay, Beinn Na Caillich and Broadford Bay are afforded. A beautifully extended and newly renovated property set within generous garden grounds in the popular township of Upper Breakish. The property is presented in walk-in condition and boasts many original features such as two original recessed stone fireplaces, an exposed stone wall, traditional wood doors, bath, wash hand basin and deep window sills throughout. The property further benefits from recently installed double glazing, oil central heating and a multi fuel stove. The generous accommodation within is spread over two floors consisting of; entrance porch, lounge, kitchen/dining room, four double bedrooms (one with en-suite shower room), a separate shower room with W.C., a family bathroom and a rear porch/utility area. Externally the property sits within a very generous sized garden extending to circa 0.4 acre. The private drive leads to a spacious area at the rear affording ample parking for a number of vehicles.
  • List of Postal Codes Excluded from Free Delivery in Vinoseleccion.Uk

    List of Postal Codes Excluded from Free Delivery in Vinoseleccion.Uk

    List of postal codes excluded from free delivery in Vinoseleccion.uk 1 2 • Local Postcode Post town Coverage authority district area Stornoway (immediate HS1 STORNOWAY area), Plasterfield Settlements in Lewis outside the Stornoway area including STORNOWAY/ISLE HS2 Back, Carloway, Ness, North Lochs, OF LEWIS Park (South Lochs), Point, Uig and West Side Harris excluding Leverburgh and HS3 ISLE OF HARRIS Rodel area HS4 ISLE OF SCALPAY All settlements Comhairle nan Eilean Siar HS5 ISLE OF HARRIS Leverburgh and Rodel area HS6 ISLE OF NORTH UIST All settlements HS7 ISLE OF BENBECULA All settlements HS8 ISLE OF SOUTH UIST All settlements HS9 ISLE OF BARRA All settlements, including Mingulay 3 4 Local Postcode Post town Coverage authority district area Inverness centre and north, including IV1 INVERNESS Highland the Longman, plus North Kessock and Kilmuir IV10 FORTROSE Fortrose Highland IV11 CROMARTY Cromarty Highland IV12 NAIRN Auldearn Highland IV13 INVERNESS Tomatin Highland IV14 STRATHPEFFER Strathpeffer Highland IV15 DINGWALL Dingwall Highland IV16 DINGWALL Evanton Highland IV17 ALNESS Alness Highland IV18 INVERGORDON Invergordon Highland IV19 TAIN Tain, Nigg, Edderton Highland Inverness east, IV2 INVERNESS Highland plus Culloden, Balloch and Ardersier IV20 TAIN Hill of Fearn, Portmahomack, Balintore Highland IV21 GAIRLOCH Gairloch Highland 5 Local Postcode Post town Coverage authority district area IV22 ACHNASHEEN Achnasheen Highland IV23 GARVE Garve Highland IV24 ARDGAY Bonar Bridge, Ardgay, Spinningdale, Culrain Highland IV25 DORNOCH
  • 2018-03-15-NAC-Jelgersma-Bsc

    2018-03-15-NAC-Jelgersma-Bsc

    Abstract Montagne Noire, part of the southern Massif Central in France, is the border between two climate types and therefore, it has always been subject to major and minor changes in temperature, rainfall and vegetation. This study aims to reconstruct the local paleoclimate of southern France by using a multi-proxy approach based on mineralogical (X-ray diffraction), geochemical (stable isotopes: C, O, H) and microscopic (scanning electron, petrographic and colour) analyses in a speleothem from Mélagues, located on the northern side of Montagne Noire. Temperature, rainfall and vegetation changes over time in the Mélagues region have been studied using the stable isotopic composition recorded in the speleothem. Although no dating of this speleothem is available yet, this study also examined possible relations with other regions and climate oscillations. Microscopic analyses of thin sections together with XRD analyses allowed us to determine the morphology, texture and mineralogy of the speleothem, which is composed of a mixture of magnesium calcite (∼70%), dolomite (∼25%, possibly formed through diagenetic processes) and a very low content of quartz (∼5%). Partial dissolution (∼5%) of the speleothem led to small voids (<40 µm) that were subsequently (partially) refilled by bacteria and microorganisms. Four columnar fabrics (compact, open, elongated and spherulitic) are observable in the studied speleothem, along with micrite, microsparite and mosaic fabrics. All these fabrics reflect (post-)depositional and environmental changes. The average temperature (∼14.8 °C) and vegetation (C3 plants) during deposition resemble the present-day temperature (14.8 ± 0.9 °C) and vegetation around our study site. Relatively high average 18O values (-4.38‰, 1σ ≈ 0.37) and relatively low average 13C values (-9.36‰, 1σ ≈ 0.55) of the stalagmite led us to interpret that the stalagmite was mainly deposited in a relatively warm and dry period, while seasonal precipitation from the Mediterranean Sea dominates the record.
  • Exploring the Concept of Home at Hunter-Gatherer Sites in Upper Paleolithic Europe and Epipaleolithic Southwest Asia

    Exploring the Concept of Home at Hunter-Gatherer Sites in Upper Paleolithic Europe and Epipaleolithic Southwest Asia

    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title Homes for hunters?: Exploring the concept of home at hunter-gatherer sites in upper paleolithic Europe and epipaleolithic Southwest Asia Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nt6f73n Journal Current Anthropology, 60(1) ISSN 0011-3204 Authors Maher, LA Conkey, M Publication Date 2019-02-01 DOI 10.1086/701523 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Current Anthropology Volume 60, Number 1, February 2019 91 Homes for Hunters? Exploring the Concept of Home at Hunter-Gatherer Sites in Upper Paleolithic Europe and Epipaleolithic Southwest Asia by Lisa A. Maher and Margaret Conkey In both Southwest Asia and Europe, only a handful of known Upper Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic sites attest to aggregation or gatherings of hunter-gatherer groups, sometimes including evidence of hut structures and highly structured use of space. Interpretation of these structures ranges greatly, from mere ephemeral shelters to places “built” into a landscape with meanings beyond refuge from the elements. One might argue that this ambiguity stems from a largely functional interpretation of shelters that is embodied in the very terminology we use to describe them in comparison to the homes of later farming communities: mobile hunter-gatherers build and occupy huts that can form campsites, whereas sedentary farmers occupy houses or homes that form communities. Here we examine some of the evidence for Upper Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic structures in Europe and Southwest Asia, offering insights into their complex “functions” and examining perceptions of space among hunter-gatherer communities. We do this through examination of two contemporary, yet geographically and culturally distinct, examples: Upper Paleolithic (especially Magdalenian) evidence in Western Europe and the Epipaleolithic record (especially Early and Middle phases) in Southwest Asia.
  • Ahead of the Game: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus

    Ahead of the Game: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus

    Ahead of the Game: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Adler, Daniel S., Guy Bar#Oz, Anna Belfer#Cohen, and Ofer Bar# Yosef. 2006. Ahead of the Game: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus. Current Anthropology 47, no. 1: 89–118. Published Version doi:10.1086/432455 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12242824 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Current Anthropology Volume 47, Number 1, February 2006 89 Ahead of the Game Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus by Daniel S. Adler, Guy Bar-Oz, Anna Belfer-Cohen, and Ofer Bar-Yosef Over the past several decades a variety of models have been proposed to explain perceived behavioral and cognitive differences between Neanderthals and modern humans. A key element in many of these models and one often used as a proxy for behavioral “modernity” is the frequency and nature of hunting among Palaeolithic populations. Here new archaeological data from Ortvale Klde, a late Middle–early Upper Palaeolithic rockshelter in the Georgian Republic, are considered, and zooar- chaeological methods are applied to the study of faunal acquisition patterns to test whether they changed significantly from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic.
  • National Speleologi'c-Al Society

    National Speleologi'c-Al Society

    Bulletin Number Five NATIONAL SPELEOLOGI'C-AL SOCIETY n this Issue: CAVES IN WORLD HISTORY . B ~ BERT MORGAN THE GEM OF CAVES' . .. .. • B DALE WHITE CA VE FAUN A, with Recent Additions to the Lit ture Bl J. A. FOWLER CAT ALOG OF THE SOCIETY LJBR R . B)' ROBERT S. BRAY OCTOBER, 1943 PRJ E 1.0 0 . ------------------------------------------- .-'~ BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Issue Number Five October, 1943 750 Copies. 64 Pages Published sporadically by THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 510 Scar Building, Washington, D. c., ac $1.00 per copy. Copyrighc, 1943, by THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. EDITOR: DON BLOCH 5606 Sonoma Road, Bethesda-14, Maryland ASSOCIATE EDITORS: ROBERT BRAY WILLIAM J. STEPHENSON J. S. PETRIE OFFICERS AND COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN *WM. ]. STEPHENSON J. S. PETR'IE *LEROY FOOTE F. DURR President Vice·Prcsidet1l & Secretary Treasurer Pina~iaJ Sect'eIM"J 7108 Prospect Avenue 400 S. Glebe Road R. D. 3 2005 Kansas Avenue Richmond, Va. Arlin-glon, Va. Waterbury, Conn. Richmond, Va. Archeology Fauna Hydrology Programs &. Activities FLOYD BARLOGA JAMES FOWLER DR. WM. M. MCGILL DR. JAMES BENN 202·8 Lee Boulevard 6420 14th Street 6 Wayside Place, University U. S. Nat. Museum Arlington, Va. Washington, D . C. Charlottesville, Va. Washington, D. C. Bibliography &. Library Finance Mapping PubliCity *ROBERT BRAY *l.EROY FOOTB GBORGE CRABB *·Lou KLBWEJ.t R. F. D. 2 R. F. D. 3 P. O. Box 791 Toledo Blade Herndon, Va. Waterbury, Conn. Blacksburg, Va. Toledo, Ohio BuIletin &. Publications Folklore Metnbership DON BLOCH "'CLAY PERRY SAM ALLBN RECORDS 5606 Sonoma Road East Acres 1226 Wel.Jesley Avenue *FLORENCE WHITLI!Y Deorhesda, Md.
  • Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia

    Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia

    World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site.
  • Basque Mythology

    Basque Mythology

    Center for Basque Studies Basque Classics Series, No. 3 Selected Writings of José Miguel de Barandiarán: Basque Prehistory and Ethnography Compiled and with an Introduction by Jesús Altuna Translated by Frederick H. Fornoff, Linda White, and Carys Evans-Corrales Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada This book was published with generous financial support obtained by the Association of Friends of the Center for Basque Studies from the Provincial Government of Bizkaia. Basque Classics Series, No. Series Editors: William A. Douglass, Gregorio Monreal, and Pello Salaburu Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada 89557 http://basque.unr.edu Copyright © by the Center for Basque Studies All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Cover and series design © by Jose Luis Agote. Cover illustration: Josetxo Marin Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Barandiarán, José Miguel de. [Selections. English. ] Selected writings of Jose Miguel de Barandiaran : Basque prehistory and ethnography / compiled and with an introduction by Jesus Altuna ; transla- tion by Frederick H. Fornoff, Linda White, and Carys Evans-Corrales. p. cm. -- (Basque classics series / Center for Basque Studies ; no. ) Summary: “Extracts from works by Basque ethnographer Barandiaran on Basque prehistory, mythology, magical beliefs, rural life, gender roles, and life events such as birth, marriage, and death, gleaned from interviews and excavations conducted in the rural Basque Country in the early to mid-twentieth century. Introduction includes biographical information on Barandiaran”--Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN ---- (pbk.) -- ISBN ---- (hardcover) . Basques--Folklore. Mythology, Basque. Basques--Social life and cus- toms.
  • September, I92i

    September, I92i

    T:E1E .""'..,.. fre,e ~resl?~terian.'" ~aga3tne Ani MONTHLY RECORD. VOL. XXVI. SEPTEMBER, I92I. No. S. ~be J8ternaI 'Wlor~. o the thoughtful and attentive rell-der of the Gospel according T to John, there are two striking characteristics which!piesent t!}emselves-the one is the extraordinary simplicity :of the wording; a'nd the other, the extraordinary depth of the truth presented, in such simple language. The very simplicity of the latiguage,is,apt to make one lose sight of the S'e'cond characteristic, just as the clearness of a lake, permitting one to see to the depths, is apt to hide the very depth that is revealed by the' clearness. 'The opening verses of the Gospel begin with that august simplicity, 'that is maintained tnroughout the marvellou§l narrative of the sayings and doings of the Son of God-"'ln the beginning was th'e Word, and the Word was with God, and the 'Word was God." Yet-how unsearchableare the truths presented to us lin -language clothed in the very majesty of simplicity? Many attempts have been made by expositors to explain'the name by which thetbelov~d disciple designates the Lord of Glory: some of these have been very successful; while' others have only multiplied words without knowledge. The openirig words of the Gospel recall tHe opening words of Genesis; but, wbereas in Genesis,'" the beginning" is the first moment of time and creation, in the Gospel, John directs our thoughts beyond the beginning, and speaks, of that which "was" when time began. When God created the heavens and the earth, the Word "was.", This Word, which was in.
  • An Experimental Approach to Understanding Aurignacian Projectile Technology in NW Europe

    An Experimental Approach to Understanding Aurignacian Projectile Technology in NW Europe

    University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non- commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Author (Year of Submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University Faculty or School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Data: Author (Year) Title. URI [dataset] University of Southampton Faculty of Humanities An experimental approach to understanding Aurignacian projectile technology in NW Europe By James Robert Dilley Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2021 1 University of Southampton Abstract Faculty of Humanities Archaeology Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy An experimental approach to understanding Aurignacian projectile technology in NW Europe James Dilley Understanding the challenges and trials faced by early Upper Palaeolithic people in north-west Europe has been an avenue of investigation since the earliest archaeological research of this time period. In the decades since, huge amounts of time and effort have been invested in studying the lithic and osseous tools found in caves, rock shelters and rare open-air sites.