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Wilderness Visitors and Recreation Impacts: Baseline Data Available for Twentieth Century Conditions
United States Department of Agriculture Wilderness Visitors and Forest Service Recreation Impacts: Baseline Rocky Mountain Research Station Data Available for Twentieth General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-117 Century Conditions September 2003 David N. Cole Vita Wright Abstract __________________________________________ Cole, David N.; Wright, Vita. 2003. Wilderness visitors and recreation impacts: baseline data available for twentieth century conditions. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-117. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 52 p. This report provides an assessment and compilation of recreation-related monitoring data sources across the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS). Telephone interviews with managers of all units of the NWPS and a literature search were conducted to locate studies that provide campsite impact data, trail impact data, and information about visitor characteristics. Of the 628 wildernesses that comprised the NWPS in January 2000, 51 percent had baseline campsite data, 9 percent had trail condition data and 24 percent had data on visitor characteristics. Wildernesses managed by the Forest Service and National Park Service were much more likely to have data than wildernesses managed by the Bureau of Land Management and Fish and Wildlife Service. Both unpublished data collected by the management agencies and data published in reports are included. Extensive appendices provide detailed information about available data for every study that we located. These have been organized by wilderness so that it is easy to locate all the information available for each wilderness in the NWPS. Keywords: campsite condition, monitoring, National Wilderness Preservation System, trail condition, visitor characteristics The Authors _______________________________________ David N. -
LZ Streets County Boundary Printed 4/23/2018 ®
H R A I L R FR526 D A R G R HORSE SAD I DLE M SO E A A AP 9 STO RIN M N NE G 8 R TAIL RAN P I CH R E O O HORN L BUFFALO C C E O C TW K W A V O T O F N E B H R R C R W E RAWA S DIAMOND PEAK LZ AR E 2 A L E S A D 0 A V S 2 M O K L E A WALNO C R O B F B E O C M R N # K R * N E L I D W R A A E C G L K O D N T A A O D BIG HOLE A E S C N R R E A R R P H N E I E F D R B 8 E R Y R 9 V O P R L F SOAPSTONE PRAIRIE NA NORTH LOT LZ P O F S T R E C C A Y D U U H IX D Y W T M K A C D B L K W E S N F # N * M N T F E A S U L O Y Y IT A O L T M S B N O E Y Y V E M C O B R S D N R K O W A R I I A E N E O A R L R N E H I C IG L C L R W R AN I G 4 W E T D S E C S P F A B 3 R R N 7 A I E U T 8 NG I P F P N S G E R A Q O R F S L R L T H C T I S Y P R V 6 I E F C 4 0 I S N 5 A 2 O N E C D A D S R R C L G R 3 F N R G D 1 W T E N 2 U R N S 0 AIL L E I E O C R RED MOUNTAIN OPEN SPACE LZ K 3 RE K K O A O EK R L E M C Z R M N TIM P L N E BER # S E *N O C G T W H I O K R L N N Y E E N L O K H E C I C N C R L A Y C O I I C L H A O V T L P CR80C & FR87C LZ T E VIRGINIA DALE LZ I N A R G C N R RA ED O N J E E A A L P A R I S SH W E L 2 B R C F Y E R A T *# *# P F 8 1 S H C R C A D 8 O E 1 T A 7 E T A HOHNHOLZ LAKES LZ K R AT R E SOAPSTONE PRAIRIE NA SOUTH LOT LZ R V R N I C O R M M P E T R F F E I T 200 B U E W FR L E P # B S L E # * Y * R E K IN E T S C T I H L O 5 C N G K 4 E LS CREEK R I C DEVI D O F A 5 C N S D N E E W R EATON RESERVOIR LZ A I T F I N P U R E BE R A P E R K Q A D 5 R L 9 P *# N O V N K E I A T S T D L I M U D I CR80C MM 22 LZ L D M H E R E Y *# E C B V U R S L CR80C & CR89 LZ T L T DE D E M R S # W PA N E * A R T U L K HOMESTEAD LZ JOY A R N C 0 O J K CANYON O 4 E W A P HA F W 5 R R # L IV ROUND BUTTE LZ * X E R I ATE D F D M R CR92 W IV # B E * CH E E N L F A AN D R R H E R C 5 T J 2 O 3 R P R 1 . -
A History of Northwest Colorado
II* 88055956 AN ISOLATED EMPIRE BLM Library Denver Federal Center Bldg. 50, OC-521 P-O. Box 25047 Denver, CO 80225 PARE* BY FREDERIC J. ATHEARN IrORIAh ORADO STATE OFFICE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT 1976 f- W TABLE OF CONTENTS Wb Preface. i Introduction and Chronological Summary . iv I. Northwestern Colorado Prior to Exploitation . 1 II. The Fur Trade. j_j_ III. Exploration in Northwestern Colorado, 1839-1869 23 IV. Mining and Transportation in Early Western Colorado .... 34 V. Confrontations: Settlement Versus the Ute Indians. 45 VI. Settlement in Middle Park and the Yampa Valley. 63 VII. Development of the Cattle and Sheep Industry, 1868-1920... 76 VIII. Mining and Transportation, 1890-1920 .. 91 IX. The "Moffat Road" and Northwestern Colorado, 1903-1948 . 103 X. Development of Northwestern Colorado, 1890-1940. 115 Bibliography 2&sr \)6tWet’ PREFACE Pu£Eose: This study was undertaken to provide the basis for identification and evaluation of historic resources within the Craig, Colorado District of the Bureau of Land Management. The narrative of historic activities serves as a guide and yardstick regarding what physical evidence of these activities—historic sites, structures, ruins and objects—are known or suspected to be present on the land, and evaluation of what their historical significance may be. Such information is essential in making a wide variety of land management decisions effecting historic cultural resources. Objectives: As a basic cultural resource inventory and evaluation tool, the narrative and initial inventory of known historic resources will serve a variety of objectives: 1. Provide information for basic Bureau planning docu¬ ments and land management decisions relating to cultural resources. -
Travel Summary
Travel Summary – All Trips and Day Trips Retirement 2016-2020 Trips (28) • Relatives 2016-A (R16A), September 30-October 20, 2016, 21 days, 441 photos • Anza-Borrego Desert 2016-A (A16A), November 13-18, 2016, 6 days, 711 photos • Arizona 2017-A (A17A), March 19-24, 2017, 6 days, 692 photos • Utah 2017-A (U17A), April 8-23, 2017, 16 days, 2214 photos • Tonopah 2017-A (T17A), May 14-19, 2017, 6 days, 820 photos • Nevada 2017-A (N17A), June 25-28, 2017, 4 days, 515 photos • New Mexico 2017-A (M17A), July 13-26, 2017, 14 days, 1834 photos • Great Basin 2017-A (B17A), August 13-21, 2017, 9 days, 974 photos • Kanab 2017-A (K17A), August 27-29, 2017, 3 days, 172 photos • Fort Worth 2017-A (F17A), September 16-29, 2017, 14 days, 977 photos • Relatives 2017-A (R17A), October 7-27, 2017, 21 days, 861 photos • Arizona 2018-A (A18A), February 12-17, 2018, 6 days, 403 photos • Mojave Desert 2018-A (M18A), March 14-19, 2018, 6 days, 682 photos • Utah 2018-A (U18A), April 11-27, 2018, 17 days, 1684 photos • Europe 2018-A (E18A), June 27-July 25, 2018, 29 days, 3800 photos • Kanab 2018-A (K18A), August 6-8, 2018, 3 days, 28 photos • California 2018-A (C18A), September 5-15, 2018, 11 days, 913 photos • Relatives 2018-A (R18A), October 1-19, 2018, 19 days, 698 photos • Arizona 2019-A (A19A), February 18-20, 2019, 3 days, 127 photos • Texas 2019-A (T19A), March 18-April 1, 2019, 15 days, 973 photos • Death Valley 2019-A (D19A), April 4-5, 2019, 2 days, 177 photos • Utah 2019-A (U19A), April 19-May 3, 2019, 15 days, 1482 photos • Europe 2019-A (E19A), July -
Statement of Dan Gibbs Executive Director Colorado Department Of
Statement of Dan Gibbs Executive Director Colorado Department of Natural Resources Before The Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands of The House Natural Resources Committee April 2, 2019 Chairwoman Haaland, Ranking Member Young, and Members of the Subcommittee: On behalf of Governor Polis and the State of Colorado, we appreciate the opportunity to provide testimony on the Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act (H.R. 823). We strongly support the CORE Act and hope Congress will move swiftly to enact it. Governor Polis would have liked to be here today with his former colleagues to express his strong support for this legislation. As you know, as a member of Congress, Governor Polis had sponsored the Continental Divide Recreation, Wilderness and Camp Hale Legacy Act, which has now been incorporated into the broader CORE Act. Introduction This legislation—the product of years of collaboration among elected officials, businesses, community members, and a myriad of other interested and affected stakeholders across Colorado—would protect some of the most beloved public lands in Colorado for their unsurpassed recreation, scenery, wildlife, watersheds, historic, and other unique values. As the Executive Director of the Colorado Department of Natural Resources, I support this bill because it will benefit our wildlife by protecting critical habitat and migration corridors; it will protect the outstanding recreational experiences that bring people from across Colorado—and the world—to these special places; it will help safeguard Colorado’s water resources by protecting key watersheds and all water rights; it strikes the right balance by protecting key public lands from development, while protecting all existing mineral rights and leaving other appropriate lands available for mining, oil, and gas development; and because it complements the values and opportunities associated with our state lands. -
Subgrid Variability of Snow Water Equivalent at Operational Snow Stations in the Western USA
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES Hydrol. Process. 27, 2383–2400 (2013) Published online 24 May 2012 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/hyp.9355 Subgrid variability of snow water equivalent at operational snow stations in the western USA Leah Meromy,1* Noah P. Molotch,1,2 Timothy E. Link,3 Steven R. Fassnacht4 and Robert Rice5 1 Department of Geography, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA 2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA 3 Department of Forest Ecology and Biogeosciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA 4 ESS – Watershed Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA 5 Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA, USA Abstract: The spatial distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) is a key variable in many regional-scale land surface models. Currently, the assimilation of point-scale snow sensor data into these models is commonly performed without consideration of the spatial representativeness of the point data with respect to the model grid-scale SWE. To improve the understanding of the relationship between point-scale snow measurements and surrounding areas, we characterized the spatial distribution of snow depth and SWE within 1-, 4- and 16-km2 grids surrounding 15 snow stations (snowpack telemetry and California snow sensors) in California, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho and Oregon during the 2008 and 2009 snow seasons. More than 30 000 field observations of snowpack properties were used with binary regression tree models to relate SWE at the sensor site to the surrounding area SWE to evaluate the sensor representativeness of larger-scale conditions. -
Denudation History and Internal Structure of the Front Range and Wet Mountains, Colorado, Based on Apatite-Fission-Track Thermoc
NEW MEXICO BUREAU OF GEOLOGY & MINERAL RESOURCES, BULLETIN 160, 2004 41 Denudation history and internal structure of the Front Range and Wet Mountains, Colorado, based on apatitefissiontrack thermochronology 1 2 1Department of Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801Shari A. Kelley and Charles E. Chapin 2New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801 Abstract An apatite fissiontrack (AFT) partial annealing zone (PAZ) that developed during Late Cretaceous time provides a structural datum for addressing questions concerning the timing and magnitude of denudation, as well as the structural style of Laramide deformation, in the Front Range and Wet Mountains of Colorado. AFT cooling ages are also used to estimate the magnitude and sense of dis placement across faults and to differentiate between exhumation and faultgenerated topography. AFT ages at low elevationX along the eastern margin of the southern Front Range between Golden and Colorado Springs are from 100 to 270 Ma, and the mean track lengths are short (10–12.5 µm). Old AFT ages (> 100 Ma) are also found along the western margin of the Front Range along the Elkhorn thrust fault. In contrast AFT ages of 45–75 Ma and relatively long mean track lengths (12.5–14 µm) are common in the interior of the range. The AFT ages generally decrease across northwesttrending faults toward the center of the range. The base of a fossil PAZ, which separates AFT cooling ages of 45– 70 Ma at low elevations from AFT ages > 100 Ma at higher elevations, is exposed on the south side of Pikes Peak, on Mt. -
Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis: South Central Highlands Section, Southwestern Colorado & Northwestern New Mexico
Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis: South Central Highlands Section, Southwestern Colorado & Northwestern New Mexico William H. Romme, M. Lisa Floyd, David Hanna with contributions by Elisabeth J. Bartlett, Michele Crist, Dan Green, Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, J. Page Lindsey, Kevin McGarigal, & Jeffery S.Redders Produced by the Colorado Forest Restoration Institute at Colorado State University, and Region 2 of the U.S. Forest Service May 12, 2009 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY … p 5 AUTHORS’ AFFILIATIONS … p 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS … p 16 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Objectives and Organization of This Report … p 17 B. Overview of Physical Geography and Vegetation … p 19 C. Climate Variability in Space and Time … p 21 1. Geographic Patterns in Climate 2. Long-Term Variability in Climate D. Reference Conditions: Concept and Application … p 25 1. Historical Range of Variability (HRV) Concept 2. The Reference Period for this Analysis 3. Human Residents and Influences during the Reference Period E. Overview of Integrated Ecosystem Management … p 30 F. Literature Cited … p 34 CHAPTER II. PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS A. Vegetation Structure and Composition … p 39 B. Reference Conditions … p 40 1. Reference Period Fire Regimes 2. Other agents of disturbance 3. Pre-1870 stand structures C. Legacies of Euro-American Settlement and Current Conditions … p 67 1. Logging (“High-Grading”) in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s 2. Excessive Livestock Grazing in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s 3. Fire Exclusion Since the Late 1800s 4. Interactions: Logging, Grazing, Fire, Climate, and the Forests of Today D. Summary … p 83 E. Literature Cited … p 84 CHAPTER III. -
Spanish Peaks Wilderness
Mt. Bierstadt Field Trip Trip date: 6/17/2006 Ralph Swain, USFS R2 Wilderness Program Manager Observations: 1). The parking lot was nearly full (approximately 35 + vehicles) at 8:00 am on a Saturday morning. I observed better-than-average compliance with the dog on leash regulation. Perhaps this was due to my Forest Service truck being at the entrance to the parking lot and the two green Forest Service trucks (Dan and Tom) in the lot! 2). District Ranger Dan Lovato informed us of the District’s intent to only allow 40 vehicles in the lower parking lot. Additional vehicles will have to drive to the upper parking lot. This was new information for me and I’m currently checking in with Steve Priest of the South Platte Ranger District to learn more about the parking situation at Mt. Bierstadt. 3). I observed users of all types and abilities hiking the 14er. Some runners, 14 parties with dogs (of which 10 were in compliance with the dog-leash regulation), and a new- born baby being carried to the top by mom and dad (that’s a first for me)! Management Issues: 1). Capacity issue: I counted 107 people on the hike, including our group of 14 people. The main issue for Mt. Bierstadt, being a 14er hike in a congressionally designated wilderness, is a social issue of how many people are appropriate? Thinking back to Dr. Cordell’s opening Forum discuss on demographic trends and the growth coming to the west, including front-range Denver, the use on Mt. -
Colorado Fourteeners Checklist
Colorado Fourteeners Checklist Rank Mountain Peak Mountain Range Elevation Date Climbed 1 Mount Elbert Sawatch Range 14,440 ft 2 Mount Massive Sawatch Range 14,428 ft 3 Mount Harvard Sawatch Range 14,421 ft 4 Blanca Peak Sangre de Cristo Range 14,351 ft 5 La Plata Peak Sawatch Range 14,343 ft 6 Uncompahgre Peak San Juan Mountains 14,321 ft 7 Crestone Peak Sangre de Cristo Range 14,300 ft 8 Mount Lincoln Mosquito Range 14,293 ft 9 Castle Peak Elk Mountains 14,279 ft 10 Grays Peak Front Range 14,278 ft 11 Mount Antero Sawatch Range 14,276 ft 12 Torreys Peak Front Range 14,275 ft 13 Quandary Peak Mosquito Range 14,271 ft 14 Mount Evans Front Range 14,271 ft 15 Longs Peak Front Range 14,259 ft 16 Mount Wilson San Miguel Mountains 14,252 ft 17 Mount Shavano Sawatch Range 14,231 ft 18 Mount Princeton Sawatch Range 14,204 ft 19 Mount Belford Sawatch Range 14,203 ft 20 Crestone Needle Sangre de Cristo Range 14,203 ft 21 Mount Yale Sawatch Range 14,200 ft 22 Mount Bross Mosquito Range 14,178 ft 23 Kit Carson Mountain Sangre de Cristo Range 14,171 ft 24 Maroon Peak Elk Mountains 14,163 ft 25 Tabeguache Peak Sawatch Range 14,162 ft 26 Mount Oxford Collegiate Peaks 14,160 ft 27 Mount Sneffels Sneffels Range 14,158 ft 28 Mount Democrat Mosquito Range 14,155 ft 29 Capitol Peak Elk Mountains 14,137 ft 30 Pikes Peak Front Range 14,115 ft 31 Snowmass Mountain Elk Mountains 14,099 ft 32 Windom Peak Needle Mountains 14,093 ft 33 Mount Eolus San Juan Mountains 14,090 ft 34 Challenger Point Sangre de Cristo Range 14,087 ft 35 Mount Columbia Sawatch Range -
A Natural Resource Condition Assessment for Rocky Mountain National Park
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center A Natural Resource Condition Assessment for Rocky Mountain National Park Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/WRD/NRR—2010/228 ON THE COVER Rocky Mountain National Park Photograph by: Billy Schweiger A Natural Resource Condition Assessment for Rocky Mountain National Park Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/WRD/NRR—2010/228 David M. Theobald1,2 Jill S. Baron2,3 Peter Newman1 Barry Noon4 John B. Norman III1,2 Ian Leinwand1 Sophia E. Linn1 Richard Sherer4 Katherine E. Williams2,5 Melannie Hartman2 1Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1480 2Natural Resource Ecology Lab, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499 3U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins, CO 80523 4Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1474 5Current address: Department of Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 This report was prepared under Task Order J2380060103 (Cooperative Agreement #H1200040001) July 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. Natural Resource Reports are the designated medium for disseminating high priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. -
Rocky Mountain National Park Lawn Lake Flood Interpretive Area (Elevation 8,640 Ft)
1 NCSS Conference 2001 Field Tour -- Colorado Rocky Mountains Wednesday, June 27, 2001 7:00 AM Depart Ft. Collins Marriott 8:30 Arrive Rocky Mountain National Park Lawn Lake Flood Interpretive Area (elevation 8,640 ft) 8:45 "Soil Survey of Rocky Mountain National Park" - Lee Neve, Soil Survey Project Leader, Natural Resources Conservation Service 9:00 "Correlation and Classification of the Soils" - Thomas Hahn, Soil Data Quality Specialist, MLRA Office 6, Natural Resources Conservation Service 9:15-9:30 "Interpretive Story of the Lawn Lake Flood" - Rocky Mountain National Park Interpretive Staff, National Park Service 10:00 Depart 10:45 Arrive Alpine Visitors Center (elevation 11,796 ft) 11:00 "Research Needs in the National Parks" - Pete Biggam, Soil Scientist, National Park Service 11:05 "Pedology and Biogeochemistry Research in Rocky Mountain National Park" - Dr. Eugene Kelly, Colorado State University 11:25 - 11:40 "Soil Features and Geologic Processes in the Alpine Tundra"- Mike Petersen and Tim Wheeler, Soil Scientists, Natural Resources Conservation Service Box Lunch 12:30 PM Depart 1:00 Arrive Many Parks Curve Interpretive Area (elevation 9,620 ft.) View of Valleys and Glacial Moraines, Photo Opportunity 1:30 Depart 3:00 Arrive Bobcat Gulch Fire Area, Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest 3:10 "Fire History and Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation Efforts" - Carl Chambers, U. S. Forest Service 3:40 "Involvement and Interaction With the Private Sector"- Todd Boldt; District Conservationist, Natural Resources Conservation Service 4:10 "Current Research on the Fire" - Colorado State University 4:45 Depart 6:00 Arrive Ft. Collins Marriott 2 3 Navigator’s Narrative Tim Wheeler Between the Fall River Visitors Center and the Lawn Lake Alluvial Debris Fan: This Park, or open grassy area, is called Horseshoe Park and is the tail end of the Park’s largest valley glacier.