Flux Backgrounds, Ads/CFT and Generalized Geometry Praxitelis Ntokos
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Classical Strings and Membranes in the Ads/CFT Correspondence
Classical Strings and Membranes in the AdS/CFT Correspondence GEORGIOS LINARDOPOULOS Faculty of Physics, Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" Dissertation submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens June 2015 Doctoral Committee Supervisor Emmanuel Floratos Professor Emer., N.K.U.A. Co-Supervisor Minos Axenides Res. Director, N.C.S.R., "Demokritos" Supervising Committee Member Nikolaos Tetradis Professor, N.K.U.A. Thesis Defense Committee Ioannis Bakas Professor, N.T.U.A. Georgios Diamandis Assoc. Professor, N.K.U.A. Athanasios Lahanas Professor Emer., N.K.U.A. Konstantinos Sfetsos Professor, N.K.U.A. i This thesis is dedicated to my parents iii Acknowledgements This doctoral dissertation is based on the research that took place during the years 2012–2015 at the Institute of Nuclear & Particle Physics of the National Center for Sci- entific Research "Demokritos" and the Department of Nuclear & Particle Physics at the Physics Faculty of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. I had the privilege to have professors Emmanuel Floratos (principal supervisor), Mi- nos Axenides (co-supervisor) and Nikolaos Tetradis as the 3-member doctoral committee that supervised my PhD. I would like to thank them for the fruitful cooperation we had, their help and their guidance. I feel deeply grateful to my teacher Emmanuel Floratos for everything that he has taught me. It is extremely difficult for me to imagine a better and kinder supervisor. I thank him for his advices, his generosity and his love. -
TASI Lectures on String Compactification, Model Building
CERN-PH-TH/2005-205 IFT-UAM/CSIC-05-044 TASI lectures on String Compactification, Model Building, and Fluxes Angel M. Uranga TH Unit, CERN, CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland Instituto de F´ısica Te´orica, C-XVI Universidad Aut´onoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain angel.uranga@cern,ch We review the construction of chiral four-dimensional compactifications of string the- ory with different systems of D-branes, including type IIA intersecting D6-branes and type IIB magnetised D-branes. Such models lead to four-dimensional theories with non-abelian gauge interactions and charged chiral fermions. We discuss the application of these techniques to building of models with spectrum as close as possible to the Stan- dard Model, and review their main phenomenological properties. We finally describe how to implement the tecniques to construct these models in flux compactifications, leading to models with realistic gauge sectors, moduli stabilization and supersymmetry breaking soft terms. Lecture 1. Model building in IIA: Intersecting brane worlds 1 Introduction String theory has the remarkable property that it provides a description of gauge and gravitational interactions in a unified framework consistently at the quantum level. It is this general feature (beyond other beautiful properties of particular string models) that makes this theory interesting as a possible candidate to unify our description of the different particles and interactions in Nature. Now if string theory is indeed realized in Nature, it should be able to lead not just to `gauge interactions' in general, but rather to gauge sectors as rich and intricate as the gauge theory we know as the Standard Model of Particle Physics. -
6D Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Published for SISSA by Springer Received: March 21, 2018 Accepted: May 7, 2018 Published: May 18, 2018 6D fractional quantum Hall effect JHEP05(2018)120 Jonathan J. Heckmana and Luigi Tizzanob aDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. bDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: We present a 6D generalization of the fractional quantum Hall effect involv- ing membranes coupled to a three-form potential in the presence of a large background four-form flux. The low energy physics is governed by a bulk 7D topological field theory of abelian three-form potentials with a single derivative Chern-Simons-like action coupled to a 6D anti-chiral theory of Euclidean effective strings. We derive the fractional conductivity, and explain how continued fractions which figure prominently in the classification of 6D su- perconformal field theories correspond to a hierarchy of excited states. Using methods from conformal field theory we also compute the analog of the Laughlin wavefunction. Com- pactification of the 7D theory provides a uniform perspective on various lower-dimensional gapped systems coupled to boundary degrees of freedom. We also show that a supersym- metric version of the 7D theory embeds in M-theory, and can be decoupled from gravity. Encouraged by this, we present a conjecture in which IIB string theory is an edge mode of a 10+2-dimensional bulk topological theory, thus placing all twelve dimensions of F-theory on a physical footing. -
Introduction to String Theory
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CERN Document Server Introduction to String Theory Thomas Mohaupt Friedrich-Schiller Universit¨at Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany Abstract. We give a pedagogical introduction to string theory, D-branes and p-brane solutions. 1 Introductory remarks These notes are based on lectures given at the 271-th WE-Haereus-Seminar ‘Aspects of Quantum Gravity’. Their aim is to give an introduction to string theory for students and interested researches. No previous knowledge of string theory is assumed. The focus is on gravitational aspects and we explain in some detail how gravity is described in string theory in terms of the graviton excitation of the string and through background gravitational fields. We include Dirichlet boundary conditions and D-branes from the beginning and devote one section to p-brane solutions and their relation to D-branes. In the final section we briefly indicate how string theory fits into the larger picture of M-theory and mention some of the more recent developments, like brane world scenarios. The WE-Haereus-Seminar ‘Aspects of Quantum Gravity’ covered both main approaches to quantum gravity: string theory and canonical quantum gravity. Both are complementary in many respects. While the canonical approach stresses background independence and provides a non-perturbative framework, the cor- nerstone of string theory still is perturbation theory in a fixed background ge- ometry. Another difference is that in the canonical approach gravity and other interactions are independent from each other, while string theory automatically is a unified theory of gravity, other interactions and matter. -
Low Energy Physics from Type IIB String Theory
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Faculteit der Wetenschapp en Instituut vo or Theoretische Fysica Low energy physics from typ e IIB string theory Frederik Denef Promotor Prof Dr W Tro ost Pro efschrift ingediend voor het b ehalen van de graad van Do ctor in de Wetenschapp en Deze thesis kwam tot stand met de nanciele steun van het Fonds voor Wetenschapp elijk Onderzo ek Een geest een en al logica is als een mes dat een en al lemmet is Het doet de hand die het gebruikt bloeden Tagore De wijze waarop het eten wordt opgediend is minstens even belangrijk als de wijze waarop het wordt toebereid Ons Kookboek KVLV Vo orwo ord Een thesis schrijf je niet alleen Ik b en daarom iedereen die de vo orbije zes entwintig jaar heeft bijgedragen tot het tot stand komen van dit werk bijzonder dankbaar In de eerste plaats denk ik daarbij natuurlijk aan mijn promotor Walter Tro ost voor het op gang brengen en aanwakkeren van mijn interesse in string theorie en theoretische fysica in het algemeen vo or zijn advies hulp en aanmo edi ging en om me te laten meegenieten van zijn scherp e fysische inzichten humor en relativeringsvermogen Ook Toine Van Pro eyen zou ik sp eciaal willen bedanken omwille van wat hij mij op wetenschapp elijk en menselijk vlak heeft bijgebracht voor de internationale contacten en vo or zijn no oit tanende gedrevenheid waaraan het instituut wellicht een gro ot deel van haar huidige internationale uitstraling te danken heeft Heel wat collegafysici ben ik bovendien dankbaar voor de soms verduisterende maar meestal verhelderende uiteenzettingen -
Arxiv:Hep-Th/9508143V5 10 Jun 1997 1 Okspotdi Atb H ..Dp.O Nryudrgrant Under Energy of Dept
CALT-68-2013 hep-th/9508143 An SL(2,Z) Multiplet of Type IIB Superstrings1 John H. Schwarz California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Abstract An SL(2, Z) family of string solutions of type IIB supergravity in ten dimensions is constructed. The solutions are labeled by a pair of relatively prime integers, which characterize charges of the three-form field strengths. The string tensions depend on these charges in an SL(2, Z) covariant way. Compactifying on a circle and identifying with eleven-dimensional supergravity compactified on a torus implies that the modulus of the IIB theory should be equated to the modular arXiv:hep-th/9508143v5 10 Jun 1997 parameter of the torus. 1Work supported in part by the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701. Among the various conjectured duality symmetries of superstring theories, the proposed SL(2, Z) symmetry of the type IIB superstring theory in ten dimensions is especially inter- esting [1, 2]. Like the SL(2, Z) S duality of the N =4 D = 4 heterotic string [3, 4], it relates weak and strong coupling. However, unlike the heterotic example in which the symmetry relates electrically and magnetically charged states of the same gauge field, the IIB duality relates electrically charged states of two different gauge fields. In this respect it is more like a T duality [5]. Combined with ordinary T dualities, the IIB SL(2, Z) duality implies the complete U duality symmetry of toroidally compactified type II strings in dimensions D< 10 [1, 6]. -
Hagedorn Behavior of Little String Theories1
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by CERN Document Server NBI-HE-00-35 SPIN-2000/25 ITF-UU-00/27 hep-th/0010169 HAGEDORN BEHAVIOR OF LITTLE STRING THEORIES1 T. Harmark1 and N.A. Obers2;3 1 Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, 2 Spinoza Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands 3 Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht Universty 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands We examine the Hagedorn behavior of little string theory using its conjectured duality with near-horizon NS5-branes. In particular, by studying the string- corrected NS5-brane supergravity solution, it is shown that tree-level corrections to the temperature vanish, while the leading one-loop string correction generates the correct temperature dependence of the entropy near the Hagedorn tempera- ture. Finally, the Hagedorn behavior of ODp-brane theories, which are deformed versions of little string theory, is considered via their supergravity duals. 1TALK PRESENTED BY N.O. AT CONFERENCE "QUANTIZATION, GAUGE THEORY, AND STRINGS", DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF PROF. E. FRADKIN, MOSCOW, RUSSIA, JUNE 5-10. 1 Introduction The near-horizon limit of NS5-branes is conjectured to be dual to Little String Theory (LST) with 16 supercharges [1]. LST is a 5+1 dimensional non- gravitational and non-local theory of strings [2] (see also [3]). As for any string theory, the statistical mechanics description of LST breaks down at a certain temperature, known as the Hagedorn temperature [4] (see also e.g. [5]). This raises the question whether it is possible to observe, via the con- jectured near-horizon-NS5/LST duality, Hagedorn behavior of LST from the thermodynamics of near-horizon NS5-branes. -
Thirty Years of Erice on the Brane1
IMPERIAL-TP-2018-MJD-03 Thirty years of Erice on the brane1 M. J. Duff Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA & Theoretical Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom & Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom Abstract After initially meeting with fierce resistance, branes, p-dimensional extended objects which go beyond particles (p = 0) and strings (p = 1), now occupy centre stage in the- oretical physics as microscopic components of M-theory, as the seeds of the AdS/CFT correspondence, as a branch of particle phenomenology, as the higher-dimensional pro- arXiv:1812.11658v2 [hep-th] 16 Jun 2019 genitors of black holes and, via the brane-world, as entire universes in their own right. Notwithstanding this early opposition, Nino Zichichi invited me to to talk about su- permembranes and eleven dimensions at the 1987 School on Subnuclear Physics and has continued to keep Erice on the brane ever since. Here I provide a distillation of my Erice brane lectures and some personal recollections. 1Based on lectures at the International Schools of Subnuclear Physics 1987-2017 and the International Symposium 60 Years of Subnuclear Physics at Bologna, University of Bologna, November 2018. Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Geneva and Erice: a tale of two cities . 5 1.2 Co-authors . 9 1.3 Nomenclature . 9 2 1987 Not the Standard Superstring Review 10 2.1 Vacuum degeneracy and the multiverse . 11 2.2 Supermembranes . -
William A. Hiscock Michio Kaku Gordon Kane J-M Wersinger
WILLIAM A. HISCOCK From Wormholes to the Warp Drive: Using Theoretical Physics to Place Ultimate Bounds on Technology MICHIO KAKU M-Theory: Mother of All Superstrings GORDON KANE Anthropic Questions Peering into the Universe: Images from the Hubble Space Telescope J-M WERSINGER The National Space Grant Student Satellite Program: Crawl, Walk, Run, Fly! The Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi was founded in 1897 and became a national organization Board of Directors through the efforts of the presidents of three state Wendell H. McKenzie, PhD universities. Its primary objective has been from National President the first the recognition and encouragement of Dept. of Genetics superior scholarship in all fields of study. Good Box 7614 NCSU character is an essential supporting attribute for Raleigh, NC 27695 those elected to membership. The motto of the Paul J. Ferlazzo, PhD Society is philosophia krateit¯oph¯ot¯on, which is National President-Elect freely translated as “Let the love of learning rule Northern Arizona University Phi Kappa Phi Forum Staff humanity.” Dept. of English, Bx 6032 Flagstaff, AZ 86011 Editor: JAMES P. KAETZ Donna Clark Schubert National Vice President Associate Editors: Troy State University Phi Kappa Phi encourages and recognizes aca- 101 C Wallace Hall STEPHANIE J. BOND demic excellence through several national pro- Troy, AL 36082 LAURA J. KLOBERG grams. Its flagship National Fellowship Program now awards more than $460,000 each year to Neil R. Luebke, PhD Copy Editor: student members for the first year of graduate Past President 616 W. Harned Ave. AMES ARRS study. In addition, the Society funds Study J T. -
Arxiv:Hep-Th/9611050V2 23 Apr 1997
TASI LECTURES ON D-BRANES JOSEPH POLCHINSKI Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4030 This is an introduction to the properties of D-branes, topological defects in string theory on which string endpoints can live. D-branes provide a simple description of various nonperturbative objects required by string duality, and give new insight into the quantum mechanics of black holes and the nature of spacetime at the shortest distances. The first two thirds of these lectures closely follow the earlier ITP lectures hep-th/9602052, written with S. Chaudhuri and C. Johnson. The final third includes more extensive applications to string duality. D-branes are extended objects, topological defects in a sense, defined by the property that strings can end on them. One way to see that these objects must be present in string theory is by studying the R 0 limit of open string theory, where the different behaviors of open and clos→ed strings lead to a seeming paradox.1 From the study of this limit one can argue that the usual Type I, Type IIA and Type IIB string theories are different states in a single theory, which also contains states with arbitrary configurations of D-branes. Moreover this argument is purely perturbative, in that it does not require any strong-coupling continuation or use of the BPS property. However, this subject remained obscure until the advent of string duality. It was then observed that D-branes have precisely the correct properties to fill out duality multiplets,2 whose other members are fundamental string states and ordinary field-theoretic solitons. -
The Spectra of Supersymmetric States in String Theory
The Spectra of Supersymmetric States in String Theory PhD Thesis 2008 University of Amsterdam arXiv:0807.3099v1 [hep-th] 19 Jul 2008 by Miranda Chih-Ning Cheng Contents Preface v I Superstring Theory 1 1 Type IIA and Type IIB Superstring Theory 5 1.1 The World-Sheet Action ............................ 5 1.1.1 Canonical Quantisation ......................... 6 1.1.2 Massless Spectrum ........................... 7 1.1.3 T-Duality ................................. 10 1.2 Low Energy Effective Action ........................... 13 1.2.1 Supergravity Theory in Eleven and Ten Dimensions . 13 1.2.2 Couplings of String Theory ....................... 15 1.3 Non-Perturbative Aspects ............................ 17 1.3.1 M-theory ................................. 17 1.3.2 Branes .................................. 18 1.3.3 D-brane World-Volume Action ...................... 24 1.3.4 Gauge/Gravity Correspondence ..................... 27 1.3.5 S-duality ................................. 28 II String Compactification 33 2 Calabi-Yau Compactifications 37 2.1 (2,2) Superconformal Field Theory ....................... 37 2.1.1 = 2 Superconformal Algebra ..................... 37 N 2.1.2 Chiral Ring ................................ 39 2.1.3 Spectral Flow .............................. 42 2.1.4 Topological String Theory ........................ 43 2.1.5 Elliptic Genus and Vector-Valued Modular Forms . 45 2.1.6 Mirror Symmetry and Non-perturbative Effects ............. 49 2.2 Spacetime Physics ................................ 50 i ii Contents 2.2.1 Moduli Space and Special Geometry . 50 2.2.2 Four- and Five-Dimensional Low Energy Supergravity Theory . 56 2.2.3 Range of Validity and Higher Order Corrections . 62 3 K3 Compactification 65 3.1 (4,4) Superconformal Field Theory ....................... 65 3.2 Moduli Space of K3 ............................... 67 3.3 Four-Dimensional Theories and Heterotic String Dualities . -
Deformações Cônicas Do Espaço Tempo Em Extra Dimensões: Motivações E Aplicações
Deformações Cônicas do Espaço Tempo em Extra Dimensões: Motivações e Aplicações Cristine Nunes Ferreira Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense (IFF) Index ● Cosmic String and Structure Formation ● Vortex Configuration and Some Aplications ● High Dimensions Theories ● Cosmic String Type in High Dimensions Topological Defects in Relativistic Quantum Field Theories ● Topological defects are stable configurations of matter formed at phase transitions in the very early Universe or matter. ● There are a number of possible types of defects, such as domain walls, cosmic strings, monopoles, textures and other 'hybrid' creatures. Cosmic Strings ● These are one-dimensional (that is, line-like) objects which form when an axial or cylindrical symmetry is broken. ● Strings can be associated with grand unified particle physics models, or they can form at the electroweak scale. ● They are very thin and may stretch across the visible universe. A typical GUT string has a thickness that is less then a trillion times smaller that the radius of an Hydrogen atom. Cosmic Strings ● In quantum systems they appear as topological line defects; ● In relativistic quantum field theories they are known as cosmic strings; ● In superconductors as quantified flux lines; ● In superfluids and low-density Bose–Einstein condensates as quantified vortex lines. The Kibble Mechanism U(1) symmetry breaking of a complex scalar field produces cosmic strings. (a) patches with true vacuum energies start growing as the symmetry is broken. gray region represents false vacua; (b) As the patches with true vacua merge, false vacuum regions are squeezed and form topological defects Stability of Cosmic String Snapshot of a string network in the radiation era Snapshot of a string network in the matter era Quantified Flux lines ● In type II superconductors magnetic flux penetrates the sample in the form of vortices of quantized flux.