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(Diptera) Do Nordeste Brasileiro INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENTOMOLOGIA Estudo taxonômico das espécies de Pipunculidae (Diptera) do Nordeste brasileiro Dayse Willkenia Almeida Marques Manaus, Amazonas Março de 2015 Dayse Willkenia Almeida Marques Estudo taxonômico das espécies de Pipunculidae (Diptera) do Nordeste brasileiro Orientador: Dr. José Albertino Rafael (INPA) Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas, área de concentração em Entomologia. Manaus, Amazonas Março de 2015 BANCA EXAMINADORA Dr. Augusto Loureiro Henriques (Titular) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Dra. Lisiane Dilli Wendt (Titular) Universidade Federal do Paraná Dra. Rosaly Ale Rocha (Titular) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Dra. Cínthia Barrêto Chagas Vieira (Suplente) Polícia Civil – Amazonas Dr. Gil Felipe Gonçalves Miranda (Suplente) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Ficha Catalográfica M357 Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida Estudo taxonômico das espécies de Pipunculidae (Diptera) do Nordeste brasileiro / Dayse Willkenia Almeida Marques. --- Manaus: [s.n.], 2015. 174 f. : il. color. Dissertação (Mestrado) --- INPA, Manaus, 2015. Orientador : José Albertino Rafael. Área de concentração : Entomologia. 1. Diptera - Taxonomia. 2. Pipunculidae. I. Título. CDD 595.77 Sinopse: Foram estudadas as espécies de Pipunculidae do Nordeste brasileiro. Foram registradas 44 espécies, distribuídas em nove gêneros já conhecidos e um gênero novo. Descrição de espécies novas, redescrições, chaves de identificação, registros novos e mapas de distribuição geográfica também são fornecidos. Palavras-chave: Taxonomia, Diptera, Biodiversidade, Espécies novas, Região Nordeste. “Sem a curiosidade que me move, que me inquieta, que me insere na busca, não aprendo nem ensino” Paulo Freire iv AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, por ser meu refúgio e fortaleza em todos os momentos da minha vida. Ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia pela infraestrutura disponibilizada e pela oportunidade para a realização desse trabalho. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pela concessão da bolsa de mestrado. Ao meu orientador, Dr. José Albertino Rafael, pelos ensinamentos, incentivo e paciência. Ao Dr. Francisco Limeira de Oliveira (Universidade Estadual do Maranhão), pela amizade, incentivo e discussões que contribuíram para meu crescimento profissional; como curador da CZMA (Coleção Zoológica do Maranhão), pelo empréstimo da maior parte do material examinado neste trabalho. À Dra. Rosaly Ale Rocha pela disponibilização de bibliografia e esclarecimento de dúvidas sobre o gênero Tomosvaryella. A todos os professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, por todo incentivo e ensinamentos transmitidos durante as disciplinas. À minha família, em especial aos meus pais, Zilberto e Marta, aos meus amados irmãos, Zilberto Júnior e Danniele, aos meus queridos sobrinhos Derick Kauê e Derlan Júnior e a minha segunda mãe Rosalina, por todo amor, carinho e incentivo. Mesmo com as dificuldades da distância, sempre estiveram muito próximos em meus pensamentos. Aos meus colegas do Laboratório de Entomologia Sistemática, Urbana e Forense (LESUF), Rodrigo Vieira, Cínthia Chagas, Alberto Neto, Caroline Maldaner, Antônio Agudelo e Eduardo Amat pelo convívio e aprendizado. Aos colegas do curso de Entomologia, em especial aos meus colegas de turma, pela amizade e companheirismo. A todos aqueles que, direta ou indiretamente, contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. v RESUMO Foi realizado um estudo taxonômico das espécies de Pipunculidae do Nordeste brasileiro, com espécimes oriundos dos estados do Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte e Bahia. Para identificação e ilustração dos espécimes foram dissecadas as terminálias masculinas. A identificação das espécies foi feita com auxílio de chaves dicotômicas, descrições originais, redescrições e quando possível, por comparação direta com tipos. Foram examinados 614 espécimes, pertencentes a 44 espécies, distribuídas em nove gêneros já conhecidos e um gênero novo proposto neste trabalho. Tomosvaryella scopulata Hardy é registrada pela primeira vez para o Brasil. Dezoito espécies representam novos registros para o Nordeste brasileiro; 24 espécies novas são descritas e ilustradas com a adição de novos caracteres. As espécies Cephalosphaera miriamae Rafael e Cephalosphaera semispiralis Rafael & Rosa tiveram suas terminálias masculinas redescritas baseadas nos tipos e em exemplares coletados no Nordeste. São fornecidas chaves de identificação ilustradas para os gêneros e espécies registradas para o Nordeste brasileiro, baseadas em caracteres morfológicos externos e principalmente das terminálias masculinas. Foram incluídos diagnoses e comentários, além de mapas com os registros geográficos das espécies. vi ABSTRACT We conducted a taxonomic study of Pipunculidae species from northeastern Brazil, with specimens from the states of Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia. The identification was made with the aid of dichotomous keys, original descriptions, redescriptions and by direct comparison with types. For specimen’s identification and illustration it was made dissection of male terminalia. It was examined 614 specimens, belonging to 44 species, distributed in nine known genera and in a new genus propose here. Tomosvaryella scopulata Hardy is recorded for the first time for Brazil. Eighteen species represent new records for the northeastern Brazil; 24 new species are being described and illustrated with the addition of new characters. The species Cephalosphaera miriamae Rafael and Cephalosphaera semispiralis Rafael & Rosa had their male terminalias redescribed based on type specimens and on specimens collected in the Northeastern. Illustrated identification keys are provided for genera and species recorded from Northeastern Brazil, based on external morphological characters and especially based on male terminalia. Diagnosis, comments and maps with geographic records of all species were included. vii Sumário LISTA DE TABELAS ........................................................................................................ xi LISTAS DE FIGURAS ..................................................................................................... xii 1. INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Pipunculidae ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Classificação ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Identificação ............................................................................................................................ 3 2. OBJETIVOS .................................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Objetivo geral .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.2. Objetivos específicos............................................................................................................... 4 3. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS ........................................................................................... 5 3.1. Região Nordeste ...................................................................................................................... 5 3.2. Origem do material.................................................................................................................. 7 3.3. Análise do material.................................................................................................................. 7 3.4. Identificação e chaves de identificação ................................................................................... 8 3.5. Terminologia ........................................................................................................................... 8 3.6. Descrições e redescrições ........................................................................................................ 9 3.7. Informações das etiquetas dos espécimes ............................................................................. 10 3.8. Registros geográficos ............................................................................................................ 10 4. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO .................................................................................. 13 4.1. Taxonomia ............................................................................................................................. 14 4.1.1. Chave pictórica para os gêneros de Pipunculidae (Diptera) registrados para a região Nordeste do Brasil. ....................................................................................................................... 14 4.1.2. Gêneros e espécies de Pipunculidae (Diptera) do Nordeste do Brasil ............................... 20 Chalarus Walker ...................................................................................................................... 20 Chalarus amazonensis Rafael ............................................................................................. 20 Chalarus triramosus Rafael ...............................................................................................
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