DOCSLIB.ORG

Master Thesis a Lighting Design for the Façade of Riddarholmen Church

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Master Thesis a Lighting Design for the Façade of Riddarholmen Church Royal institute of technology School of architecture Master’s in architectural lighting design Master Thesis A Lighting Design for the Façade of Riddarholmen Church AUTHOR: OMAR JABERI Tracks: urban space, historical landmark and monument. Index: Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 4 Research question ................................................................................................................... 4 Keywords .................................................................................................................................. 4 Limitations ................................................................................................................................ 4 Methodology and structure ..................................................................................................... 5 PART ONE THE CURRENT SITUATION ................................................................................. 6 Background and regulation .................................................................................................... 6 Historical background ................................................................................................................. 6 History of Stockholm .................................................................................................................. 6 History of Riddarholmen church ................................................................................................. 7 Users activities ........................................................................................................................... 9 Use of the place ......................................................................................................................... 9 Light regulation ........................................................................................................................... 9 Analysis and observation of context ................................................................................... 10 Weather .................................................................................................................................... 10 Location .................................................................................................................................... 10 Wind .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Urban fabric of the surrounding neighborhoods ...................................................................... 11 Urban fabric of Riddarholmen .................................................................................................. 12 Parts of the church and architectural elements ....................................................................... 13 Visibility from short and long distance ..................................................................................... 39 Light situation from surrounding neighborhoods ..................................................................... 40 Light situations around the church ........................................................................................... 42 Movement ................................................................................................................................. 45 Users behavior ......................................................................................................................... 46 Public opinion ......................................................................................................................... 47 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 48 PART TWO THE SOLUTION .................................................................................................. 49 Users’ requirements and expectations................................................................................ 49 Vision ....................................................................................................................................... 49 Previous case studies and similar projects ........................................................................ 49 Mood board and inspiration .................................................................................................. 51 Light experiments of a physical model ............................................................................... 53 Final concept .......................................................................................................................... 55 Discussion .............................................................................................................................. 59 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 59 Image source .......................................................................................................................... 61 References .............................................................................................................................. 60 Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to study the current lighting conditions of Riddarholmen church at night time, by following a methodology that consists of three parts; background and regulation, analysis and observation of context as well as creating a public opinion. Comparing the church with others by introducing different case studies and similar projects to make an inspiration. Giving an answer to the research question about the possibilities of light to reveal the historical value of the church as the oldest in Stockholm, as well as improve the visibility of the church from a short and long distance. In addition, proposing a lighting concept that highlights the historical value of the church and makes a visual hierarchy of different light layers depending on the distance. Introduction: The city of Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and considered one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It is located in the eastern archipelago of Sweden. The city was built on several islands in the water channels between the Baltic Sea and the lake of Mälaren. The name Stockholm is formulated from two parts. The first part of the name (Stock) means log in Swedish, although it may also be connected to an old German word (Stock) meaning fortification. The second part of the name (holm) islet. [1] Over the years, several different names and concepts have been used about Stockholm to attract foreign tourists such as “! The Venice of the North and "The Queen of Mälaren". The latest name "Stockholm, the capital of Scandinavia" [2] Stockholm is a multicultural city, filled with historical places and landmarks from different periods. In Stockholm you can see many medieval churches such as "Riddarholmen church", old renaissance and baroque palaces like "the royal palace of Stockholm" and museums such as "Vasa museum". These places tell visitors and tourists about the history of the city, especially Riddarholmen church which is one of the oldest buildings in Stockholm. These historical places should be easily seen from all around the city, therefore it is the lighting designers' responsibility to increase the visibility and show them in a fascinating way. Fig 1: a view over the city of Stockholm Research question: The importance of Riddarholmen makes us ask this question as lighting designers: Can light show the historical value of Riddarholmen church and how can light effect the church visibility from a short and long distance? Keywords: Historical landmark - monument - identity - culture - attraction - visibility- harmony with urban context. Limitations: The study is only considering: - Night time and evening - Artificial light - Facades of the church ~ 4 ~ Methodology and structure: The methodology consist of two main parts: 1- Study of a current situation. 2- Propose a concept for a new permanent lighting system and a temporary dynamic lighting system related to different historical events and important holidays. 1- Part one: a- Background and regulation: - Historical background of Stockholm and Riddarholmen church. - User activities. - Use of the place. - Lighting regulations. b- Analysis and observation of context: - Weather. - Location. - Wind. - Urban fabric of the surrounding neighborhoods. - Urban fabric of Riddarholmen around the church. - Parts of the church and architectural elements. - Visibility from a short and long distance. - Light situation from the surrounding neighborhoods following the 7 factors. - Light situation around the church following the 7 factors. - Movement. - User behavior. c- Public opinion by survey and interviews. To know how people perceive the light by the church, get more understanding about the sense of comfort and safety in the place. As well as the attractiveness of the place and visibility of the church. 2- Part two: a- Introduce previous case studies and similar projects. b- Present user requirements and expectations. c- Vision. d- Mood board. e- Build a physical model to make light experiments, as well as a personal and public’s evaluation of the attractiveness, light distribution, visibility….etc.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Local Information 230916
    Logistic Details Future Earth regional workshop for Europe Transdisciplinary research and co-design in practice Stockholm 22 –23 November 2016 Contact Meeting venue Europan Alliance of Global Change Research The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Committees Beijersalen University of Helsinki Lilla Frescativägen 4A [email protected] Stockholm Tel: +358 29 4150571 http://www.kva.se/en/contact/ WIFI: the meeting rooms have wireless Internet connection. Login and passwords will be provided at the meeting. General information Voltage: 220 – 230 Volts Weather: The temperature in Stockholm in November ranges typically between 0 and 5 degrees Celsius but there can be much variation. Tips: Tipping is common but not obligatory in Sweden (restaurants). Tips are usually about 10%. Cash: Please note that it can in sometimes be more difficult to pay with cash and that credit card payments are sometimes accepted to a larger extent than cash payments. Currency: Swedish Krona (SEK). 10 SEK equals 1,04 EUR. Accommodation These example hotels are located in Stockholm Old town (Gamla Stan) in close proximity to the metro station which is also called Gamla Stan (see map in the end of this document). We recommend you make your booking through booking.com where you can find good prices and you can choose your preferred location easily: anywhere along the red metro line T14 is quick as the venue is located at the red line stop “Universitetet”. Victory Hotel Address: Lilla Nygatan 5, 111 28 Stockholm Phone: +46 8-506 400 00 http://www.thecollectorshotels.se/en/victory-hotel/ Lord Nelson Hotel Address: Västerlånggatan 22, 111 29 Stockholm Phone: 08-506 401 20 http://www.thecollectorshotels.se/en/lord-nelson/ Lady Hamilton Hotel Address: Storkyrkobrinken 5, 111 28 Stockholm Phone: +46 8-506 401 00 http://www.thecollectorshotels.se/en/lady-hamilton/ About Stockholm Old Town This is where the city of Stockholm was initially founded in 1252.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to the Swedish Parliament
    A guide to the Swedish Parliament The Riksdag building on the islet of Helgeands- holmen in the heart of Stockholm is the centre of Swedish democracy. This is where laws and the central government budget are determined. Come along on a tour of the Riksdag! 3 THE RIKSDAG BUILDING was inaugurated in 1905. The previous premises on Riddarholmen had become cramped, draughty and outdated. But over time the new building on Helgeandsholmen also became too small, and in 1983 it was joined together with the old Bank of Sweden building, with its characteristic crescent-shaped projection overlooking the water. 4 UNDERGROUND PASSAGEWAYS Seven of the Riksdag’s buildings are connected by underground passageways. One of these – “the Run” – is situated below the bridge over Stallkanalen, which connects lake Mälaren with the Baltic. Members often run here when hurrying to reach the Chamber. When the voting signal sounds, they have eight minutes to get to the Chamber. 5 THE CHAMBER is the heart of the Riksdag. It is here that the elected represen- tatives debate and take decisions. The members of the Riksdag sit according to constituency, irrespective of their party affiliation. The light streams in from big windows under the ceiling, illuminating the birch panelling. The public gallery has seats for visitors and media representatives. 6 MEMBERS’ OFFICES Being a democratically elected member of the Riksdag is a task that involves no fixed working hours and long working weeks. For many years members had neither offices nor accommodation. Their documents were kept in desks in the Chamber. Today each member is provided with an office in one of the Riksdag buildings.
    [Show full text]
  • Booking Information Events
    Information and conditions for events at the Nobel Prize Museum Welcome to the Nobel Laureates' very own museum. In a truly unique environment, you can combine inspirational experiences with good food and beverages. General Being a museum, Nobel Prize Museum is not rented out for events that require extensive on-site rigging or dancing. Since the museum must be considerate of other tenants and is located in a residential area, playing excessively loud music during an event is not allowed. The music must always be approved by Nobel Prize Museum’s event department. The museum's interior or exterior may not be changed in any way during an event. Any rigging must always be approved by the Museum’s Event Department. See more information under entertainment /technical equipment. The space During events, with or without refreshments, the client is renting the entire museum. Because of this, Nobel Prize Museum charges a baseline cost, or “arrangement cost”. It includes exclusive access to the museum space, entrance fee, a guided tour, staff, the museum shop NOBEL PRIZE MUSEUM, Stortorget 2, Gamla Stan, Stockholm. Tel: +46-8–534 818 39. E-mail: [email protected] being open during a certain period in the evening and cleaning. Nobel Prize Museum cannot be rented for parties only. Instead the arrangements always include a guided tour or other knowledge- sharing activity. The museum space is suitable for many conceivable kinds of arrangements. Contact the event department to see how your event can be carried out in the best possible way. Booking of events To book Nobel Prize Museum, please contact the event department at [email protected] or phone +46-8-534 818 39.
    [Show full text]
  • A Walkabout Around Historical Blasieholmen and Nybroviken in Stockholm Along the Baltic Sea Water Inlet to Stockholm
    A Walkabout around historical Blasieholmen and Nybroviken in Stockholm along the Baltic Sea water inlet to Stockholm. Our walkabout will start at Kungsträdgården (King’s Garden) and continue along the streets around Blasieholmen towards Nybroviken (New Bridge Bay), where we will view many objects of interests. We will receive more value from the walkabout if we develop a better un- derstanding of the local history of an area when we are viewing the many visual objects. Area around Blasieholmen and Nybroviken Photo: Arlid Vågen I’m arriving at Kungsträdgården Metro Station (1), located in the district of Norrmalm. The platform is located approximately 115ft (34m) under ground. During the exit from the metro station I see several relics rescued from the many buildings demolished, during the some- times tragic redevelopment period of central Stockholm during the period of the 1950s and 1960s. I continue walking along the Birgit Nils- son Allè towards the Stockholm Ström water- front area. Birgit Nilsson was the Swedish world known dramatic opera soprano excelling Walking map for this Walkabout in Wagner style operas. The park Kungsträdgården is divided into four distinct spaces: Square of Charles XII; Molin’s Fountain; Square of Charles XIII and “Fountain of Wolodarski”. My absolute favorite is Charles XII statue, on my right in the middle of the park, with his arm pointing eastward. The story is that he had some un- finished business with the Russians (what’s new...). During the spring time Kungsträdgården presents a stunning view of flower- ing cherry blossoms for the visitor. I soon arrive at Stockholm Ström and see the Royal Castle to my right across the water and the famous Grand Hotel (2) and Nationalmuseum (3) to my left.
    [Show full text]
  • Nordvästra Kungsholmen (Hornsberg/Lindhagensgatan)
    Nordvästra Kungsholmen (Hornsberg/Lindhagensgatan) Allmänt Nordvästra Kungsholmen består av stadsdelarna Stadshagen och Kristineberg. Kring Stadshagens inre delar dominerar S:t Görans sjukhus och andra offentliga arbetsplatser inom ut- bildning och vård. I de yttre delarna, norr om Lindhagensgatan förekommer främst tillverkning och fi- nansiell verksamhet. Arbetsområdet är varierat och karaktäriseras av en blandning av byggnader från olika perioder. Essingeledens sträckning genom området utgör en tydlig barriär. I Kristineberg finns arbetsplatserna på södra sidan av Lindhagensgatan. Här dominerar SLs bussgarage och Octapharma. Läge och tillgänglighet Nordvästra Kungsholmen har mycket god tillgänglighet med bil. Essingeleden passerar genom området och Drottningholmsvägen går genom områdets södra del. Ett parkeringshus har byggts under Essingele- den. Med kollektiva färdmedel nås området med buss och tunnelbana. Tunnelbanestationer finns i anslut- ning till området Stadshagen - Kristineberg - Thorildsplan. Kommersiell service Det finns för närvarande dåligt med kommersiell service arbetsområdena. Hösten 2009 öppnas dock ett köpcenter på Lindhagensgatan i f.d. Skogaholms brödfabrik. Se punkt 4 nedan. Närheten till Fridhems- plan gör dock att ett relativt stort utbud finns i närheten. Ett antal restauranger finns i området. 25 Näringslivsstruktur Den dominerande verksamheten återfinns inom läkemedelsindustrin och är Octapharma. S:t Görans sjukhus utgör en stor del av området. Genom den omvandling som pågår i området har näringslivet en unik chans att utvecklas till ett av Stockholmsregionens största och modernaste företagsområde med bl. a IT-, bioteknik- och biomedicinfö- retag och småföretagscentrum. Det finns idag ca 280 företag och 12 700 anställda. Övergripande planer För Nordvästra Kungsholmen har ett planprogram tagits fram. Ambitionen är att skapa en ny stadsbe- byggelse som innehåller bostäder, arbetsplatser, service och grönområden, enligt inriktningen i Över- siktsplan 99, där området är markerat som ett stadsutvecklingsområde.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Days in Stockholm, Sweden
    3 days in Stockholm, Sweden Contact us | turipo.com | [email protected] 3 days in Stockholm, Sweden 3 days in Stockholm, Sweden Contact us | turipo.com | [email protected] Day 1 - Stockholm- Gamla Stan & Stockholm City Hall Day Description: Gamla Stan, meaning Old Town in Swedish, makes a great starng point. It’s here in this area where Stockholm got its start in 1252. Gamla Stan’s well- preserved buildings, squares, and narrow streets make it one of the best medieval city centers in Europe. Contact us | turipo.com | [email protected] Day 1 - Stockholm- Gamla Stan & Stockholm City Hall 1. Stockholm Palace 3. Storkyrkan Monday: Open 24 hours Tuesday: Open 24 hours 107 70 Stockholm, Sweden Trångsund 1, 111 29 Stockholm, Sweden Wednesday: Open 24 hours Thursday: Open 24 hours Telephone: +46 8 723 30 00 Friday: Open 24 hours Monday: 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM Website: www.stockholmsdomkyrkoforsamling.se Saturday: Open 24 hours Tuesday: 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM Rating: 4.5 Wednesday: 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM Sunday: Open 24 hours Thursday: 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM The Cathedral dates back to the 1300s and has a fantasc Rating: 4.6 Friday: 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM St. George and the Dragon sculpture. The Cathedral also Saturday: 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM opens at 9 am, making it possible to see before the Royal The cobblestone lanes are lined with shops and cafes as Sunday: 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM Palace opens. they wind their way into open squares and courtyards.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards the Kalmar Union
    S P E C I A L I Z E D A G E N C I E S TOWARDS THE KALMAR UNION Dear Delegates, Welcome to the 31st Annual North American Model United Nations 2016 at the University of Toronto! On behalf of all of the staff at NAMUN, we welcome you to the Specialized Agency branch of the conference. I, and the rest of the committee staff are thrilled to have you be a delegate in Scandinavia during the High Middle Ages, taking on this challenging yet fascinating topic on the futures of the three Scandinavian Kingdoms in a time of despair, poverty, dependence and competitiveness. This will truly be a new committee experience, as you must really delve into the history of these Kingdoms and figure out how to cooperate with each other without sending everyone into their demise. To begin, in the Towards the Kalmar Union Specialized Agency, delegates will represent influential characters from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, which include prominent knights, monarchs, nobles, and important religious figures who dominate the political, military and economic scenes of their respective Kingdoms. The impending issues that will be discussed at the meeting in Kalmar, Sweden include the future of the Danish and Norwegian crowns after the death of the sole heir to the thrones, Olaf II. Here, two distant relatives to Valdemar IV have a claim to the throne and delegates will need to decide who will succeed to the throne. The second order of business is to discuss the growing German presence in Sweden, especially in major economic cities.
    [Show full text]
  • Compilation and Translation Final Version
    Compilation and Translation Johannes Widekindi and the Origins of his Work on a Swedish-Russian War Vetushko-Kalevich, Arsenii 2019 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Vetushko-Kalevich, A. (2019). Compilation and Translation: Johannes Widekindi and the Origins of his Work on a Swedish-Russian War. Lund University. Total number of authors: 1 Creative Commons License: Unspecified General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Compilation and Translation Johannes Widekindi and the Origins of his Work on a Swedish-Russian War ARSENII VETUSHKO-KALEVICH FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND THEOLOGY | LUND UNIVERSITY The work of Johannes Widekindi that appeared in 1671 in Swedish as Thet Swenska i Ryssland Tijo åhrs Krijgz-Historie and in 1672 in Latin as Historia Belli Sveco-Moscovitici Decennalis is an important source on Swedish military campaigns in Russia at the beginning of the 17th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Regarding Dethroned Princely Houses and Their Legal Rights
    Regarding dethroned princely Houses and their legal rights Reference is made to the decision of the United Court of Bari of the 1st April 1952 in the case of the prosecutor vs. Umberto Zambrini and to the decision of the Tribunal of Pistoia of the 5th June 1964 in the case of the appeal against the penal judgment given against Francesco Mario Paternò Castello having found Prince Francesco Mario Paternò Castello di Carcaci, in his capacity as the last representative of a sovereign dynasty (the Royal House of Aragon), entitled to confer titles of nobility (the Court of Bari), respectively being the heir to the House of Paternò Castello Guttadauro di Emmanuel and legitimate holder of the same family’s rights, including the power of ius honorum which has been preserved by family tradition and which cannot disappear through dethronement (Pistoia). Further reference is made to the decision of the Ordinary Tribunal of Ragusa of the 9th May 2003, in session as an international court of arbitration, in the case between the Higher Institute of Nobiliary Law vs. Francesco Nicola Roberto Paternò Castello di Carcaci. According to the findings of the court of arbitration the following rights belong to Francesco Nicola Roberto Paternò Castello di Carcaci, in his capacity as consanguineous and descendant in a collateral line of the last sovereign of the Royal House of Aragon as his legitimate successor and as pretender to the throne: a) the quality of Royal Highness and Royal Prince of the Royal House of Aragon, Majorca and Sicily; b) the right to designate
    [Show full text]
  • Clothing, Memory and Identity in 16Th Century Swedish Funerary Practice
    Joseph M. Gonzalez 6 Fashioning Death: Clothing, Memory and Identity in 16th Century Swedish Funerary Practice Introduction King Gustav Vasa was married three times. In 1531, less than a decade after his election as King of Sweden, he made a match calculated to boost his prestige and help consolidate his position as king and married Katarina von Sax-Lauenburg, the daughter of Duke Magnus and a relative of the emperor. She bore the king one son, Erik, and died suddenly in 1535 (Svalenius, 1992). After her death, the king married the daughter of one of the most powerful noble houses in Sweden, Margareta Eriksdotter Leijonhufvud in 1536. Queen Margareta bore the king eight children before she died in 1551. By August of 1552, the fifty-six year old Gustav Vasa had found a new queen, the 16-year-old Katarina Gustavsdotter Stenbock, daughter of another of Sweden’s leading noble houses. Despite the youth of his bride, the marriage bore no children and the old king died eight years later (Svalenius, 1992). The king’s death occasioned a funeral of unprecedented magnificence that was unique both in its scale and in its promotion of the Vasa dynasty’s image and interests. Unique to Vasa’s funeral was the literal incorporation of the bodies of his two deceased wives in the ceremony. They shared his bed-like hearse on the long road to Uppsala and the single copper casket that was interred in the cathedral crypt. Six months after the funeral, Gustav Vasa’s son with Katarina von Sax-Lauenburg, Erik, was crowned king.
    [Show full text]
  • Museums in Stockholm
    Museums in Stockholm PHOTO: OLA ERICSON FOR THE LATEST UPDATES ON STOCKHOLM, VISIT THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE VISITSTOCKHOLM.COM Museums in Stockholm BERGIANSKA TRÄDGÅRDEN BERGIUS BOTANIC GARDEN Discover Stockholm´s museums with their world-class collections, pioneering exhibitions and extraordinary historical objects. Botanical garden beautifully situated at Lake Brunnsviken. A paradise for plant enthusiasts with thousands of trees, shrubs and herbs from around the world. Exotic, heat-loving plants thrive in the Victoria House and Edvard Anderson Conservatory. AQUARIA VATTENMUSEUM Café, shop and restaurant. AQUARIA WATER MUSEUM Opening hours: The Park daily. Edvard Anderson Conservatory: Oct-Mar Mon- Fri 11am- 4pm, Sat- Sun Falkenbergsgatan 2. Djurgården 11am-5pm Apr-Sep daily 11am- 5pm. www.aquaria.se The Victoria House: May-Sep Mon- Fri 11am- 4pm, Sat-Sun 11am-5pm. ARKITEKTURMUSEUM Metro station: Universitetet, Bus:40 MUSEUM OF ARCHITECTURE Bergianska trädgården All you need to know about Swedish architecture and construction from +46 (0) 8 545 91 700 the 19th century until today. Exhibitions featuring drawings, models, design www.bergianska.se and examples of sustainable urban development. Take a tour and participate in creative activities for children on Sundays. Library, BIOLOGISKA MUSEET collections, book store and café. BIOLOGICAL MUSEUM Opening hours: Tues 10am- 8pm, Wed-Sun Lejonslätten, Djurgården 10am-6pm. www.biologiskamuseet.com Metro station: Kungsträdgården Bus: 2, 55, 62, 65, 76 Skeppsholmen BONNIERS KONSTHALL +46 (0) 8 587 270 00 BONNIERS CONTEMPORARY ART www.arkitekturmuseet.se Torsgatan 19. Norrmalm ARMÉMUSEUM www.bonnierskonsthall.se ARMY MUSEUM CARL ELDHS ATELJÉMUSEUM Riddargatan 13. Östermalm CARL ELDH’S STUDIO MUSEUM www.armemuseum.se Lögebodavägen 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Transnational Finnish Mobilities: Proceedings of Finnforum XI
    Johanna Leinonen and Auvo Kostiainen (Eds.) Johanna Leinonen and Auvo Kostiainen This volume is based on a selection of papers presented at Johanna Leinonen and Auvo Kostiainen (Eds.) the conference FinnForum XI: Transnational Finnish Mobili- ties, held in Turku, Finland, in 2016. The twelve chapters dis- cuss two key issues of our time, mobility and transnational- ism, from the perspective of Finnish migration. The volume is divided into four sections. Part I, Mobile Pasts, Finland and Beyond, brings forth how Finland’s past – often imagined TRANSNATIONAL as more sedentary than today’s mobile world – was molded by various short and long-distance mobilities that occurred FINNISH MOBILITIES: both voluntarily and involuntarily. In Part II, Transnational Influences across the Atlantic, the focus is on sociocultural PROCEEDINGS OF transnationalism of Finnish migrants in the early 20th cen- tury United States. Taken together, Parts I and II show how FINNFORUM XI mobility and transnationalism are not unique features of our FINNISH MOBILITIES TRANSNATIONAL time, as scholars tend to portray them. Even before modern communication technologies and modes of transportation, migrants moved back and forth and nurtured transnational ties in various ways. Part III, Making of Contemporary Finn- ish America, examines how Finnishness is understood and maintained in North America today, focusing on the con- cepts of symbolic ethnicity and virtual villages. Part IV, Con- temporary Finnish Mobilities, centers on Finns’ present-day emigration patterns, repatriation experiences, and citizen- ship practices, illustrating how, globally speaking, Finns are privileged in their ability to be mobile and exercise transna- tionalism. Not only is the ability to move spread very uneven- ly, so is the capability to upkeep transnational connections, be they sociocultural, economic, political, or purely symbol- ic.
    [Show full text]