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Rousseau Or Wollstonecraft?
Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.7, No.6, 2016 Who Won the Debate in Women Education? Rousseau or Wollstonecraft? Clifford Owusu-Gyamfi Faculty of Theology, University of Geneva, Chemin du Riolet 8, 1012-Lausanne, Switzerland Abstract Curriculum framework in the education of children became debatable during the enlightenment. Jean-Jacque Rousseau's treatise, Emile , outlined an educational curriculum based on natural rights. Rousseau thought education should be based on espousing and exploring the natural abilities of a person. Therefore, since women have a natural responsibility of care giving, their education should be given in line with helping them to enhance these natural caring abilities. Wollstonecraft, an enlightened philosopher, took on a literary protest against Rousseau's sexual politics in her treatise, A Vindication of the Rights of Women . This paper will show why Wollstonecraft’s idea is worth considering, in that it points the way past and out of a world of discrimination to create nondiscriminatory educational concept for future generation. Since discriminatory educational ideologies perpetrates in contemporary societies in diverse fashions, this paper challenges such cultures to rethinking the imperativeness of women education. Keywords: Jean-Jacque Rousseau, Mary Wollstonecraft, Women education, Sexist politics Acknowledgement: My deepest appreciation to Abigail Gyasi of Temple University for the encouragement to write about this subject. 1. Introduction Emile is a treatise written by the French enlightened author Jean-Jacque Rousseau. In this popular work, Rousseau seeks to put across the point that education should be based on espousing and exploring the natural abilities of a person (Rousseau & Allan, 1979: 37). -
Our Debt to Mary Wollstonecraft, Moral and Intellectual Pioneer for Women
Our Debt to Mary Wollstonecraft, Moral and Intellectual Pioneer for Women By Susan Roberts I teach a course entitled Leadership in Writing at the United States Coast Guard Academy that includes both male and female Officer Candidates. The women in my class are strong and unafraid to accept challenges. They perform jobs often seen as men’s work, live by the Coast Guard’s Core Values of Honor, Respect and Devotion to Duty, and balance their time between being on active duty and being wife, mother, or both. In our classes, we focus on examples of leadership in the military and civilian world. To mark Women’s History Month in March, I asked each Officer Candidate (OC) to select a female who exemplifies leadership and to present a speech about her. Their choices included Hillary Rodham Clinton, Sarah Palin, Margaret Thatcher, Queen Boudicca, Cleopatra, Elizabeth I, Sally Ride, Amelia Earhart, Rosa Parks, Susan B. Anthony, Mother Teresa, and Marie Curie. I responded by noting, “I see no one has claimed Mary Wollstonecraft.” A few moments of silence were followed by a series of questions: “Who is she?” “Is she in politics?” “Is she a writer?” “Why did you expect us to know her name?” and “Did she have anything to do with the Coast Guard?” I responded, “She was an eighteenth century writer. Women today owe her a debt of gratitude for we are beneficiaries of her ideas, which were quite revolutionary for her times. She advocated moral and intellectual education for women in a world where a woman’s voice rarely counted.” One of the handful of female OCs in class was curious enough to claim Wollstonecraft as the figure for her leadership speech, and all of the students were introduced to the life of this woman, the social changes she called for over two hundred years ago, and the impact of her work on opportunities for women then and now. -
Shelley's Heart and Pepys's Lobsters
© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. Chapter 1 Shelley’s Heart and Pepys’s Lobsters Biographies are full of verifiable facts, but they are also full of things that aren’t there: absences, gaps, missing evi- dence, knowledge or information that has been passed from person to person, losing credibility or shifting shape on the way. Biographies, like lives, are made up of con- tested objects—relics, testimonies, versions, correspon- dences, the unverifiable. What does biography do with the facts that can’t be fixed, the things that go missing, the body parts that have been turned into legends and myths? A few years ago, a popular biographer who had allowed doubts and gaps into the narrative of a historical subject was criticised for sounding dubious. “For ‘I think,’ read ‘I don’t know,’” said one of her critics crossly. But more recently, “biographical uncertainty” has become a re- spectable topic of discussion.1 Writers on this subject tend to quote Julian Barnes’s Flaubert’s Parrot: You can define a net in one of two ways, depending on your point of view. Normally, you would say that it is a meshed instrument designed to catch fish. But you could, with no great injury to logic, reverse the image and define a net as a jocular lexicographer once did: he called it a col- lection of holes tied together with string. For general queries, contact [email protected] © Copyright, Princeton University Press. -
Women's Emancipation Through Education: the Radical Agenda of Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 359 085 SO 022 348 AUTHOR Roberts, Leonard H.; Pollman, Mary Jo TITLE Women's Emancipation through Education: The Radical Agenda of Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797). PUB DATE [92] NOTE 43p. PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Educational Change; *Educational History; Educational Opportunities; Educational Philosophy; Educational Theories; Elementary Secondary Education; *Equal Education; Females; *Feminism; Sex Bias; Sex Discrimination; *Womens Education IDENTIFIERS *Wollstonecraft (Mary) ABSTRACT Two hundred years ago, Mary Wollstonecraft, the English women's rights pioneer, published her immortal work: "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman." In it she placed much ofthe blame for women's inferior political, intellectual, and socialstatus on "faulty education." In "Vindication," she offered a number of recommendations aimed at enhancing the quality of educationfor women. These included: boys and girls schooled together and sharinga curriculum rich in experiential learning, particularly in scientific studies. She advocated physical exercise and playas well as health education specifically aimed at women's needs. These andother education proposals marked her asan important progenitor of many modern and widely accepted educational innovations. Contains20 references. (Author) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** -
Representations of America in the English Jacobin Novel
SPECULATIONS fiNANCIAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL NANCY E. ] OHNSON "Seated on her Bags of Dollars": Representations of America in the English Jacobin Novel N THE 17905, THE ENGLISH jacobin novel engaged in a sus I tained narrative critique of comracrarianism. While it supported the foundational premises of comractarianism-for example, the concept of inalienable rights for the individual-it also exposed the restrictive requirements and specifications that proponents of the social contract were imposing on political agency. In the fiction of Roben Bage, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Charlotte Smith, among others, it becomes evident that libcrry is a function of properry.1 To establish political authority, one has to be able to claim the right of properry, which begins with self-governance and culminates in proprietorship within society2 Financial dependence means dis qualification, and it precludes enfranchisement or claims to politi cal authority in any form, thereby excluding large segments of the populations such as women. Consequently, the English jacobin ' For an extended discussion of liberty as a function of property in early contractarian thought, see C.B. Macpherson, Ibe Political 7beory of Possesst~>e IndividualiSm (London: Oxford UP, 1962). 2 In Two TreatiSes on Gwernmem, Locke establishes ownership of the self as the IU~l fundam~nlal funH uf prupric:Lun,!Jip an<J ~~~~ t:::~~lllii.tl p~tUIMJI lo JX>liltc..iJI authority. "Though the Eanh, and all inferior Creatures be common to all Man, yet every Man has a Property in his own Person. This no Body has any Right to but himself.· See Locke, Two TreatiSes of Go,•emment, ed. -
Joseph Beuys and the Reincarnation of German Romanticism
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Supervised Undergraduate Student Research Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects and Creative Work Spring 5-2003 Postwar Landscapes: Joseph Beuys and the Reincarnation of German Romanticism Lauren Elizabeth Smith University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj Recommended Citation Smith, Lauren Elizabeth, "Postwar Landscapes: Joseph Beuys and the Reincarnation of German Romanticism" (2003). Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/601 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Supervised Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Work at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ----------------~~------~--------------------- Postwar Landscapes: Joseph Beuys and the Reincarnation of German Romanticism Lauren E. Smith College Scholars Senior Thesis University of Tennessee May 1,2003 Dr. Dorothy Habel, Dr. Tim Hiles, and Dr. Peter Hoyng, presiding committee Contents I. Introduction 3 II. Beuys' Germany: The 'Inability to Mourn' 3 III. Showman, Shaman, or Postwar Savoir? 5 IV. Beuys and Romanticism: Similia similibus curantur 9 V. Romanticism in Action: Celtic (Kinloch Rannoch) 12 VI. Celtic+ ---: Germany's symbolic salvation in Basel 22 VII. Conclusion 27 Notes Bibliography Figures Germany, 1952 o Germany, you're torn asunder And not just from within! Abandoned in cold and darkness The one leaves the other alone. And you've got such lovely valleys And plenty of thriving towns; If only you'd trust yourself now, Then all would be just fine. -
Michael Jackson's Gesamtkunstwerk
Liminalities: A Journal of Performance Studies Vol. 11, No. 5 (November 2015) Michael Jackson’s Gesamtkunstwerk: Artistic Interrelation, Immersion, and Interactivity From the Studio to the Stadium Sylvia J. Martin Michael Jackson produced art in its most total sense. Throughout his forty-year career Jackson merged art forms, melded genres and styles, and promoted an ethos of unity in his work. Jackson’s mastery of combined song and dance is generally acknowledged as the hallmark of his performance. Scholars have not- ed Jackson’s place in the lengthy soul tradition of enmeshed movement and mu- sic (Mercer 39; Neal 2012) with musicologist Jacqueline Warwick describing Jackson as “embodied musicality” (Warwick 249). Jackson’s colleagues have also attested that even when off-stage and off-camera, singing and dancing were frequently inseparable for Jackson. James Ingram, co-songwriter of the Thriller album hit “PYT,” was astonished when he observed Jackson burst into dance moves while recording that song, since in Ingram’s studio experience singers typically conserve their breath for recording (Smiley). Similarly, Bruce Swedien, Jackson’s longtime studio recording engineer, told National Public Radio, “Re- cording [with Jackson] was never a static event. We used to record with the lights out in the studio, and I had him on my drum platform. Michael would dance on that as he did the vocals” (Swedien ix-x). Surveying his life-long body of work, Jackson’s creative capacities, in fact, encompassed acting, directing, producing, staging, and design as well as lyri- cism, music composition, dance, and choreography—and many of these across genres (Brackett 2012). -
Enlightened Scotland: How the Age of Reason Made an Impact on the Country's Thinkers
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Enlighten Riach, A. (2017) Enlightened Scotland: How the Age of Reason made an impact on the country's thinkers. National, 2017, 21 Apr. This is the author’s final accepted version. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/161602/ Deposited on: 01 May 2018 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk The Enlightenment Alan Riach From the moment in 1660 when Thomas Urquhart dies laughing to the publication of Walter Scott’s first novel Waverley in 1814, Scottish literature becomes increasingly aware of itself. That is, Scottish writers – some of them – become increasingly self-conscious of their own literary ancestors. This is brought about centrally in the work of Allan Ramsay (1684-1758), in his anthologies of earlier poets, and in the edition of Gavin Douglas’s translation of Virgil’s Aeneid (1710) published by Thomas Ruddiman (1674-1757), which was probably what Burns was quoting from in the epigraph to “Tam o’ Shanter”: “Of Brownyis and Bogillis full is this Buke.” The evolutionary turn towards greater self-awareness, the process of questioning the formation of national identity, the position of that identity in an ongoing struggle for economic prosperity and international colonial and imperial power, is central in the history of Scotland from around 1660 to 1707. It underlies and suffuses the writing of philosophers, politicians, dramatists, novelists, poets, and travel writers. -
From Point to Pixel: a Genealogy of Digital Aesthetics by Meredith Anne Hoy
From Point to Pixel: A Genealogy of Digital Aesthetics by Meredith Anne Hoy A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Rhetoric and the Designated Emphasis in Film Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Whitney Davis, co-chair Professor Jeffrey Skoller, co-chair Professor Warren Sack Professor Abigail DeKosnik Professor Kristen Whissel Spring 2010 Copyright 2010 by Hoy, Meredith All rights reserved. Abstract From Point to Pixel: A Genealogy of Digital Aesthetics by Meredith Anne Hoy Doctor of Philosophy in Rhetoric University of California, Berkeley Professor Whitney Davis, Co-chair Professor Jeffrey Skoller, Co-chair When we say, in response to a still or moving picture, that it has a digital “look” about it, what exactly do we mean? How can the slick, color-saturated photographs of Jeff Wall and Andreas Gursky signal digitality, while the flattened, pixelated landscapes of video games such as Super Mario Brothers convey ostensibly the same characteristic of “being digital,” but in a completely different manner? In my dissertation, From Point to Pixel: A Genealogy of Digital Aesthetics, I argue for a definition of a "digital method" that can be articulated without reference to the technicalities of contemporary hardware and software. I allow, however, the possibility that this digital method can acquire new characteristics when it is performed by computational technology. I therefore treat the artworks covered in my dissertation as sensuous artifacts that are subject to change based on the constraints and affordances of the tools used in their making. -
Media Ecologies: Materialist Energies in Art and Technoculture, Matthew Fuller, 2005 Media Ecologies
M796883front.qxd 8/1/05 11:15 AM Page 1 Media Ecologies Media Ecologies Materialist Energies in Art and Technoculture Matthew Fuller In Media Ecologies, Matthew Fuller asks what happens when media systems interact. Complex objects such as media systems—understood here as processes, or ele- ments in a composition as much as “things”—have become informational as much as physical, but without losing any of their fundamental materiality. Fuller looks at this multi- plicitous materiality—how it can be sensed, made use of, and how it makes other possibilities tangible. He investi- gates the ways the different qualities in media systems can be said to mix and interrelate, and, as he writes, “to produce patterns, dangers, and potentials.” Fuller draws on texts by Félix Guattari and Gilles Deleuze, as well as writings by Friedrich Nietzsche, Marshall McLuhan, Donna Haraway, Friedrich Kittler, and others, to define and extend the idea of “media ecology.” Arguing that the only way to find out about what happens new media/technology when media systems interact is to carry out such interac- tions, Fuller traces a series of media ecologies—“taking every path in a labyrinth simultaneously,” as he describes one chapter. He looks at contemporary London-based pirate radio and its interweaving of high- and low-tech “Media Ecologies offers an exciting first map of the mutational body of media systems; the “medial will to power” illustrated by analog and digital media technologies. Fuller rethinks the generation and “the camera that ate itself”; how, as seen in a range of interaction of media by connecting the ethical and aesthetic dimensions compelling interpretations of new media works, the capac- of perception.” ities and behaviors of media objects are affected when —Luciana Parisi, Leader, MA Program in Cybernetic Culture, University of they are in “abnormal” relationships with other objects; East London and each step in a sequence of Web pages, Cctv—world wide watch, that encourages viewers to report crimes seen Media Ecologies via webcams. -
Lady Caroline Lamb and Her Circle
APPENDIX Lady Caroline Lamb and her Circle Who’s Who Bessborough, Lord (3rd Earl). Frederick Ponsonby. Father of Lady Caroline Lamb. Held title of Lord Duncannon until his father, the 2nd Earl, died in 1793. Bessborough, Lady (Countess). Henrietta Frances Spencer Ponsonby. Mother of Lady Caroline and her three brothers, John, Frederick, and William. With her lover, Granville Leveson-Gower, she also had two other children. Bruce, Michael. Acquaintance of Byron’s who had an affair with Lady Caroline after meeting her in Paris in 1816. Bulwer-Lytton, Edward. Novelist and poet, he developed a youthful crush on Lady Caroline and almost became her lover late in her life. Byron, Lord (6th Baron). George Gordon. Poet and political activist, he had many love affairs, including one with Lady Caroline Lamb in 1812, and died helping the Greek revolutionary movement. Byron, Lady. Anne Isabella (“Annabella”) Milbanke. Wife of Lord Byron and cousin of Lady Caroline’s husband, William Lamb. Canis. (see 5th Duke of Devonshire) Cavendish, Georgiana. (Little G, or G) Lady Caroline Lamb’s cousin, the elder daughter of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. Later Lady Morpeth. 294 Lady Caroline Lamb Cavendish, Harriet Elizabeth. (Harryo) Lady Caroline Lamb’s cousin, the younger daughter of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. Later Lady Granville. Churchill, Susan Spencer. Illegitimate daughter of Harriet Caroline Spencer, a relative of Lady Caroline’s, who became the ward of William and Lady Caroline Lamb. Colburn, Henry. Publisher of Lady Caroline’s most famous novel, Glenarvon (1816). Colburn ran a very active business that published a great quantity of British women’s fiction of the early nineteenth century. -
9. Gundolf's Romanticism
https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2021 Roger Paulin This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Roger Paulin, From Goethe to Gundolf: Essays on German Literature and Culture. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2021, https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0258 Copyright and permissions for the reuse of many of the images included in this publication differ from the above. Copyright and permissions information for images is provided separately in the List of Illustrations. In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit, https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0258#copyright Further details about CC-BY licenses are available at, https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Updated digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0258#resources Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. ISBN Paperback: 9781800642126 ISBN Hardback: 9781800642133 ISBN Digital (PDF): 9781800642140 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 9781800642157 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 9781800642164 ISBN Digital (XML): 9781800642171 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0258 Cover photo and design by Andrew Corbett, CC-BY 4.0.