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The Geology and Mammalian Fauna of the Pleistocene of Nebraska Arp T I Outline of Pleistocene Geology of Nebraska Arp T Ii the Pleistocene Mammals of Nebraska A

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The Geology and Mammalian Fauna of the Pleistocene of Nebraska Arp T I Outline of Pleistocene Geology of Nebraska Arp T Ii the Pleistocene Mammals of Nebraska A University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska State Museum 1934 THE GEOLOGY AND MAMMALIAN FAUNA OF THE PLEISTOCENE OF NEBRASKA ARP T I OUTLINE OF PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY OF NEBRASKA ARP T II THE PLEISTOCENE MAMMALS OF NEBRASKA A. L. Lugn C. Bertrand Schultz Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museumbulletin Part of the Entomology Commons, Geology Commons, Geomorphology Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Paleobiology Commons, Paleontology Commons, and the Sedimentology Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. BULLETIN 41 VOLUME I OCTOBER, 1934 THE NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM ERWIN H. BARBOUR, Director THE GEOLOGY AND MAMMALIAN FAUNA OF THE PLEISTOCENE OF NEBRASKA PART I OUTLINE OF PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY OF. NEBRASKA By A. L. LUGN PART II THE PLEISTOCENE MAMMALS OF NEBRASKA By C. BERTRAND SCHULTZ PART I OUTLINE OF PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY OF NEBRASKA A. L. LUGN INTRODUCTION OBJECT OF THE PAPER The object of the present paper is to provide a suitable brief statement of the present state of knowledge of the Pleistocene geology of Nebraska, for an adequate understand­ ing of the Pleistocene Mammal list, by Mr. C. Bertrand Schultz, which forms Part II of this report. The "outline" is necessarily brief and does not contain many detailed sec­ tions, nor lengthy discussions of controversial points. It is lacking in adequate detailed descriptions of new formations and may not be entirely convincing to many readers. The only excuse which the writer can offer for the shortcomings of the following pages is the necessity for brevity, and so the presentation is little more than a statement of conclusions. The present summary has been taken from a long and much more complete manuscript by the writer,! which is now t Lugn, A. L. and Wenzel, L. K.-probable title of paper, "Geology and Ground Water Resources of South-Central Nebraska", to be published as a Water Supply Paper by the United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. This "Outline of Pelistocene GeO'logy of Nebraska" is published by permission of Doctor G. E. Condra, State Geologist of Nebraska. A much more complete treatise on this subject also is shortly to be pubdished by the State Geological Survey. Editorial Note. The publication of this bulletin, as well as the collection of much of the Pleistocene material in the Nebraska State Museum, was made possible by funds donated for Palaeontological Research in Nebraska by the late Mr. Charles H. Morrill. 320 THE NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM completed, and which contains a detailed and much more adequate presentation of the facts of the Pleistocene Geology of Nebraska. The facts and conclusions are based on detailed field investigations during the five summers of 1929 to 1933 inclusive. LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY Xhe area covered briefly here is the entire state of Nebras­ ka. The survey includes brief discussions of the strictly glacial and associated material of the eastern part of the state, and of the fluviatile Pleistocene material of other areas, and also the widely distributed loess formations. The total area of Nebraska is 77,300 square miles. The topography is some­ what diversified, but in general about half of the area is of the dissected plain type and the remainder is made up of constructional plains, as yet undissected by drainage. The surface, as a whole, slopes in a southeastern direction. The altitude ranges from about 840 feet above sea level in the southeastern corner of Richardson county to about 5,340 feet above sea level in western Banner county. The topographic subdivisions, into which the surface of Nebraska is divided, are shown on the topographic map' (Figure 184) with accompanying key. About 42,000 square miles of the surface are underlain by thick loess deposits. This large area is known as the Loess Region. Of this, about 14,000 square miles still remain undissected level upland plains. The largest single area of un dissected plain is the Nebraska Plain of the south-central part of the state. About 1,000 square miles constitute the Missouri River bluffs and loess hills bordering the main drainages. This mature loess hill topography is especially well developed along the Missouri River and north of the Republican River. The eastern part of the state, which is ~nderlain by loess covered deposits of at least two glacial till sheets, is quite maturely dissected, and south of the Platte River the main drainages have cut· entirely through the surficial loess and drift deposits into the underlying bedrocks. This area is indicated in figure 184 easf of the heavy dotted line and is about 13,000 square miles in areal extent: The remainder of the Loess Region (indicated on Figure 184 as 23) is made up of small remnant loess plains", small maturely eroded loess hill areas, and loess plains deeply> incised by canyons. Such canyon areas are to be seen in. parts of Lincoln, Dawson, Custer, Hayes, Frontier, Hitch-. NEBRASKA TOPOGRAPHIC MAP A.L.LUGN 1930 KEY TO TOPOGRAPHIC MAp OF NEBRASKA 1. Hat Creek Basin. 14. Niobrara River Valley and Benches. 26. Republican River and Valley. 2. White River Basin. 15. Sand Hill Region. 27. Little Blue River and Vaney. 3. Pine Ridge. 16. North Platte River Valley. 28. Big Blue River and Valley. 4. Dawes Table. 17. Wild Cat Ridge. 29. Glacial Drift Hills, loess mantled. 5. Box Butte Table. 18. Pumpkin Creek Valley. 30. Missouri River Bluffs and Loess 6. Crookston Table. 19. South Platte River Valley. Hills. 7. Spring View Table. 2 O. Cheyenne Table. 31. Todd Valley. 8. Naper :rable. 21. Perkins Table. 32. Elkhorn River. 9:. ;Pierre Plains and Hills. 22. Platte River Vaney Plain. 33. Loup River. 10; Ainsworth Table. 23. Small Loess Plains, Hills and 34. Wood River. 11. Long Pine Table. Canyons. 23, 24, 25, 29, 30, 31. The Loess Region. 12. Holt Tabie. 24. Loess Hills. 13. Prairie Plains. 25. Loess Plain (Nebraska Plain). Heavy dotted line indicates composite western margin of glacial till sheets. Fig. 184.-Map and key to the topography of Nebraska. 322 THE NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM cock and Gosper counties. In all, canyon areas occupy about 1,500 square miles. The Sand Hill Region, located in the north-central and central-western part of the state, is the most clearly defined topographic subdivision and occupies about 20,000 square miles, which includes some small outlying areas of sandhills. The· surface is a roIling plain of windblown sand and sand dunes, which are now largely stationary, as prairie grasses and some other kinds of vegetation have become firmly rooted and prevent the dunes from migrating. The western margin of the Sand Hill Region is quite clearly defined. In many places an abrupt eastward facing escarpment defines the margin of the high bedrock (Teritary) plains which rise to the westward. The eastern margin of the Sand Hills is not so clearly marked, as areas of low hills have been formed of windblown sand beyond the main area of sand hills and these dune-like hills rest on the loess. These areas of wind­ formed hills are a borderland between the Sand Hill and Loess regions in some places. The small isolated areas of sandhills on the Platte Valley Plain have probably come into existence recently by wind action re-working the upper part of the exposed Grand Island formation, and by the piling up of fine sands carried into the Platte Valley by the Loup Rivers. A similar explanation is thought to account for the sandy area south of the Platte River at Kearney and at some other places. The remainder of the state, a little over 15,000 square miles, is made up of undissected high bedrock plains or tables, rough broken areas and valley plains and terraces. EARLIER WORK The glacial drift or till sheet deposits of eastern Nebraska were never very closely studied until comparatively recently,' and there has been much difference of opinion as to what was drift and what was not drift, and also as to the amount of drift or till present. In 1880 Samuel Aughey 2 discussed the "Glacial Period" and gave especial attention to the loess deposits. He reported evidence of two till sheets and called attention to old soils, peaty material, and to a reddish-brown loess-like material (the present Loveland formation). N. H. Darton 3 in discussing the "Earlier Pleistocene de- 2 Aughey, Samuel, Physical Geography and Geology of Nebraska, Omaha (Daily Republican Book and Job Office), pP. 252-309, 1880. 8 Darton, N. H., Underllround Waters of a Portion of Southeastern Nebraska, U. S. G. S., Water Supply and Irrigation Papers, No. 12, PJ). 21-23. 1898. PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY OF NEBRASKA 323 posits" states: "These deposits comprise a mass of glacial drift in Lancaster and eastern Seward counties, and a thin sheet of gravelly sand, which extends far westward under the Loess mantle of the plains region, and appears to be con­ temporaneous with the glacial drift." The most extensive publication to date on the Pleistocene .deposits of Nebraska was by J. E. Todd 4 in 1899. He re­ ported and described a number of measured sections mainly in northeastern Nebraska north of the Platte River. In 1903, Barbour 5 discussed the glacial drift of Nebraska in connection with his treatment of the general geology of the state.
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