Climate Strategy 2012-2015 Mitigation

Climate strategy 2012-2015 Mitigation This part of the Climate Strategy 2012-15 is about Climate Mitigation and how the Muni- cipality of Aalborg through ambitious climate targets works towards being free of fossil fuels by 2050.

This vision requires a broad approach on energy savings and renewable energy in the energy supply, in transport , industry and agriculture.

2 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Introduction...... 3 The global climate is changing 4 International and national climate goals 5 Greenhouse gas invetory 5

Aalborg Municipality and climate...... 6 Previous CO2 reduction efforts in Aalborg 6 CO2-Account for Aalborg 7 Towards a fossil free Aalborg 7 Vision and strategy for climate change mitigation...... 8 Future targets for reducing greenhouse gases 8 How you read the climate strategy 9 Energy Vision 2050 10 Energy Strategy 2030 11

Energy conservation...... 12 Buildings 13 Businesses 14 Private households 14 The municipality as a company 15 Energy supply...... 22 District heating 23 Biofuels 24 Geothermal heat 25 Wind turbines 26 Solar cells 27 Solar heat 27 Heath pumps 28 Cooling 29 Transport...... 30 Public transport 31 Cyclism/ cycling 32 Road transport 33 Environmentally friendly vehicles 34 Forestry...... 36 Afforestation 36 Agriculture...... 37

Partnerships...... 38

Climate education...... 39

Local Green Growth...... 40

Implementating the strategy...... 41

Guidelines 42 New Initiatives 46 Inquiries 52

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 3 The global climate is changing

Climate change has always been a part of the earth’s natural development.

“However, a broad scientific consensus has emerged that some of the observed climate changes are not a natural part of Earth’s development, but are man-made and partly due to emissions resulting from the use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas to produce heat and electricity and for transportation. ”

However, a broad scientific consensus has degrees C, in the more pessimistic scenarios emerged that some of the observed climate temperatures are projected to rise by 4-6 changes are not a natural part of Earth’s de- degrees C. velopment, but are manmade and partly due to emissions resulting from the use of fossil Over 70% of global CO2 emissions come from fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas to pro- cities because of population concentrati- duce heat and electricity and for transpor- ons and thus aggregate energy and material tation. Climate change will, even with a re- consumption is highest in cities. Metropoli- duction of current emissions of greenhouse tan regions therefore have a responsibility gases, continue to increase in strength over to reduce energy use and to actively develop the next several decades and the conse- renewable sources of heat and power supply. quence will be global warming, more extreme weather, and rising groundwater levels. This part of Aalborg Municipality climate strategy addresses how Aalborg Municipa- The global consequences of climate change lity takes local responsibility for the global will also affect Denmark and thus Aalborg climate challenges by relying on non-fossil Municipality. It is expected that Denmark will energy and transport supplies, reducing experience longer droughts, more powerful emissions of greenhouse gases from agri- and more extreme rainfall, stronger storms, culture, and increasing the uptake of CO2 and to some extent and over a longer time from new forest areas in the municipality. horizon, sea level rise.

Climate researchers employ various scenarios of how the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere could develop over the next 100 years and thus how strong climate change will likely be. The scenarios are based on parameters such as global economic development, population growth, and changes in technology. In the most favou- rable scenarios, average atmospheric global temperature increases will be around 2

4 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation International and national climate goals

37 countries have signed the UN Kyoto Pro- Denmark has ratified the Kyoto Protocol and tocol, which is a continuation of the United is obliged to reduce greenhouse gas emissi- Nations Frame-work on Climate Change (UN- ons by 21% on average over the period 2008 FCCC). The Kyoto Protocol, ratified in 2005, to 2012 compared to 1990. Current reduc- means that global emissions of greenhouse tions are on the order of 9% from 1990-2011. gases must be reduced by 5.2% compared to Denmark also has a long-term goal to be- 1990 levels until the period 2008 to 2012 in come 100% independent of fossil fuels and Annex I countries. an interim goal that the use of fossil fuels in 2025 will be reduced by at least 15% compa- The Kyoto Protocol legally obliges the Euro- red to 2007. pean Union by 2012 to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by 8% compared to 1990. At the Conference of the Parties (COP)-15 The EU has also enacted further, non-legally, climate summit in Copenhagen in December binding policies to: 2009, climate scientists presented evidence that the global emissions of greenhouse ga- • Reduce greenhouse gases by 20% in ses should be reduced by 80-95% by 2050 if 2020 compared to 2005; the average atmospheric temperature rise • Increase the share of renewable energy is be kept below two degrees. The parties to account for at least 30% of total ener- were not able to deliver an agreement that gy consumption in 2020; and ensures a framework for achieving that goal. Furthermore, the Kyoto Protocol expired in • To achieve at least a 10% renewable 2012, with no international framework in energy share within the transport sector place for its continuation. by 2020.

Greenhouse gas inventory

The Kyoto Protocol establishes legally bin- In connection with the inventory of green- ding commitments to reduce six greenhouse house gases, different methods are utilised, gases: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous such as: oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocar- bons, and perfluorocarbons, which are pro- • A statement of sales of energy for duced by the nations that have joined the lighting, machinery, heating, transport, agreement. etc., which could be complemented with GHG contributions from agriculture, fo- In this context, the main greenhouse gases are: restry, waste and wastewater; or • An inventory of total emissions of green- • Carbon dioxide (CO2) released by burning house gases included in a given activity. fossil fuels and organic matter, especially from the intensive use of fossil fuels; The first methodology in the calculation of

• Methane (CH4) produced by the anaero- national emission of greenhouse gases was bic decomposition of organic material used for reporting to the EU and UN. The and is primarily due to emissions from calculation method is also applicable to the agriculture and melting permafrost; and individual household that can calculate the emissions of greenhouse gases as a result of • Nitrous oxide (N2O), which among other things arise from soil bacteria that re- electricity and heat consumption, and moto- lease nitrogen from fertilizer, derived rised transport. mainly from intensive agriculture. The second method of calculation is used, In energy and climate policy, methane and for example, when a municipality, a business, nitrous oxide are often converted to CO or a household wants to have a complete 2 picture of the total greenhouse gas emis- equivalents, and CO2 is therefore gradually become synonymous with all greenhouse sions, including embedded emissions. This gases. However, it should be noted that inventory method is called carbon foot-prin- many of the fluorocarbons and other gases ting, and is based upon life-cycle assessment have a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of (LCA) tools. 100-17,000 times that of CO . 2 In addition to an energy balance for 2007, Inventory of greenhouse gases may relate to Aalborg Municipality, in the same year, made different areas and/or units, for example: an inventory of CO2 emissions from all sectors of the municipality as a geographical • A geographical region, a nation or a re- entity, using a municipal CO2 calculator developed by the Danish Climate and Energy gion, or a municipality; Ministry and Association of Local Govern- • A company involved in manufacturing, ments (KL). This inventory covers green- trading, or service activities; or house gas emissions from energy, transport, • A household consisting of one or more agriculture, forestry, waste, and sewage persons. sectors within the geographical area of Aal- borg’s municipal boundaries.

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 5 Aalborg Municipality and climate

“With the Aalborg Commitments, Aalborg Municipality committed itself to put climate action at the centre of the municipality’s policies on energy, transport, procurement, waste, agriculture, and forestry.”

In 2008, the Aalborg City Council decided to develop a climate strategy for Aalborg Municipality, which would demonstrate both how Aalborg can reduce its climate impact through prevention and reduced emissions of greenhouse gases (mitigation) and how the municipality and the local community can best adapt to the inevitable consequences of climate change, such as more extreme precipitation events, more intense storm activity, and rising sea levels (adaptation).

Previous CO2 reduction efforts in Aalborg Aalborg Municipality’s climate change ac- A Sustainability Strategy (2008-2011) was In collaboration with Aalborg University, the tions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions adopted by the Aalborg City Council in 2008, Muncipality has prepared a scenario entitled date back to 1992 with the adoption of a Lo- stating that from 2012, new targets for re- Energy Vision 2050, which describes how cal Agenda 21 plan for Aalborg municipality. ducing CO2 emissions were defined that are Aalborg municipality can become indepen- The LA21 plan addressed energy conserva- more ambitious than the national targets. dent of fossil fuels in 2050. On the basis of tion, energy efficiency improvements, and Aalborg Municipality’s current CO2 emis- this scenario, an Energy Strategy of Aalborg restructuring of the energy supply. In 2004 sions were measured as a basis for setting Municipality until 2030 was developed that the plan was amended to include new goals new targets for reducing CO2 emissions and also builds on the vision that Aalborg will be for energy supply. The Aalborg City Council, developing a climate mitigation strategy. An independent of fossil fuels in 2050. in connection with the ”Sustainable Supply” energy balance was prepared for 2007 that and ”Aalborg +10”, adopted a target of CO2 includes data on fuel types and energy con- Aalborg Municipality’s climate strategy will emissions from energy supply in the muni- sumption, and made a CO2 calculation show- help to translate the vision to be indepen- cipality of Aalborg will be reduced by 33% in ing the total CO2 emissions in Aalborg by the dent of fossil fuels in 2050 to strategies, the period 1990 - 2012. This objective does individual sectors. objectives and proposed actions that are not include transport, agriculture, and Aal- subsequently expected to be implemented borg Portland (a cement plant). via municipal planning, energy planning, environmental planning, traffic planning, on so. Energy consumption in Aalborg in the period 2002 to 2007 increased by almost 7%, while CO2-emmision i Aalborg Kommune the municipality’s population increased by 1,20 HistoricalCO2-emmision CO emissionsi Aalborg Kommune in Aalborg Municipality only 2% over the same period. Despite the 2 increase in population and energy consump- 1,20 1,00 tion, it was still possible to reduce CO2 emissions by 29% between 1990 and 2007. 1,00 0,80 The primary means to achieve this CO2 redu- 0,80 ction targets are: Emission of CO2 from energy production, 0,60 excluding Aalborg Portland, transport and • Increased energy conservation efforts; agriculture 0,60Mio. tons • Increased energy efficiency; 0,40 Mio. tons • Increased use of renewable energy in 0,40 the form of wind, wood, and straw; and 0,20 • Increased utilization of waste heat, and 0,20 increased waste incineration. 0,00 1990 2002 2007 2012 0,00 1990 2002 2007 2012 6 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation CO2-Account for Aalborg CO2 emissions from transport in the period Municipalities will, in accordance with the 1990 to 2007 rose by a total of 32%. Alone in law on heat supply, approve projects for In addition to the energy balance for 2007, the period 2002 to 2007, CO emissions from establishment of new collective heat supply Aalborg Municipality for the same year made 2 transport in Aalborg Municipality has incre- facilities or major modifications to existing an inventory of CO emissions from all sec- 2 ased by around 8%. facilities. In connection with the project ap- tors of the Municipality as a geographical plication and approval, a socio-economic entity using a municipal CO calculator de- 2 Aalborg Municipality’s Climate Strategy analysis of projects is to be carried out in veloped by the Climate and Energy Ministry 2011-15 sets new CO reduction targets accordance with the adopted energy policy and KL. This account deals with greenhouse 2 that are more ambitious than the national and the Danish Energy Agency’s guidance of gas emissions from energy, transport, agri- targets. In doing so, CO reduction targets socio-economic analyzes of projects within culture, forestry, waste and sewage within 2 are also set for areas not covered by quotas: the energy sector as well as the then-cur- the geographical area, which are emitted forestry, agriculture, and transport, where rent calculation assumptions for this. At the within the Municipality of Aalborg. there is a need for considerably more focus same time, a general economic project ap- on CO -reducing measures. praisal should also examine corporate eco- The cement factory Aalborg Portland’s 2 nomics and / or household finances. energy consumption accounts for around half of total energy consumption in Aalborg. Towards a low carbon Aalborg The purpose of the Energy Vision 2050 and The total emission of greenhouse gases in Energy conservation, energy efficiency, and the Energy Strategy 2030 is to create a long Aalborg Municipality including Aalborg Port- switching to renewable energy are funda- term basis so that Aalborg Municipality can land’s energy consumption are 16.5 tons of mental prerequisites for Denmark to meet continue to contribute to preventing global CO per year per capita. Including CO emis- 2 2 its international obligations on climate chan- climate change and ensure the necessary sions from the chemical processes (calcina- ge while maintaining the necessary energy security of supply, both locally, nationally and tion) at Aalborg Portland cement production supply security and achieve the national tar- globally. Additionally, they form an important increases the total emissions to 30.7 tons of get of becoming fossilfuel free. basis for the municipality energy and heat CO per year per capita. 2 planning in the coming years and for the in- The investment horizon in relation to energy terested energy companies’ planning for the Since Aalborg does not immediately have is relatively large, given that energy produc- future. any influence on either the volume or com- tion and consuming facilities, including buil- position of Aalborg Portland’s energy con- dings, is investment-demanding and has a sumption, we have chosen to ignore the Aal- relatively long amortization period, typically borg Portland’s energy and focus primarily around 20 years or more. on the remaining emissions of greenhouse gases in Aalborg Municipality. The CO2 calcu- There is a need for long-term energy plan- lation excluded Aalborg Portland’s supply of ning, which ensures that society, energy heat to the central district area is replaced companies, private companies, and house- by heat from the North-Jutland Plant. holds get the most value from money used for energy purposes. Aalborg municipality’s total emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) as In accordance with the law on heat supply, a geographical entity, excluding Aalborg the Municipality is to prepare a plan for heat Portland is is then estimated at 1.52 million supply in the municipality in cooperation tonne of CO2-equivalents, corresponding to with supply companies and other stakehol- 7.8 tonnes CO2 per year per capita. The na- ders. The aim is partly to promote the most tional average in Denmark is approx. 10 ton- economic and environmentally friendly use nes per year per capita. of energy.

COCO22 emissions udledning divided fordelt bypå sector sektorer CO2 emissions from transport (33%) and agriculture (18%) together accounted for over half of the CO2 udledning fordelt påtotal sektorer CO2 emissions in Aalborg in 2007 of a total of 1.52 million ton, excluding Aalborg Portland. Affaldsdeponi og spildevand 1%

Waste Affaldsdeponiand Wastewatertreatment og spildevand 1% Landbrug 18%

LandbrugAgriculture 18% 18%

El 26%

ElElectricity 26% 26%

Fjernvarme 13% Transport mv. 33% DistrictFjernvarme heating 13% 13% TransportTransport mv. 33% 33% 33% 33%

Individuel opvarmning og Individual heating 9% procesvarme 9% Individuel opvarmning og procesvarme 9%

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 7 Vision and stratey for climate change mitigation

“The municipality of Aalborg’s vision is to have a stable and efficient energy supply not based on fossil fuels by 2050 and also to act as a greenhouse gas neutral municipality which helps to prevent inevitable climate change as much as possible.“

Future targets for reducing greenhouse gases Climate Strategy 2012-15 is the first step in translating the above vision to strategy, goals, and actions for selected areas, which are to be implemented by 2015 in order to reduce energy consumption and use of fossil fuels and boost the share of renewable energy.

The Climate Strategy translates our vision into concrete CO2 reduction targets for all sectors, corresponding to the municipality’s total CO2 emissions from fossil fuels of 1.32 million tonnes of CO2 must be eliminated by 2050.

Reduction of greenhouse gas in Aalborg Mu- 120 nicipality until 2050 (2010 = Index 100)

120 100

100 80

AffaldWaste, og Wastewater, spildevand 80 individuelIndividual opvarmningheating 60 Affald og spildevand 60 individuel opvarmning FjernvarmeIndustrial heating 40 Fjernvarme El-produktionElectricity 40 El-produktion 20 TransportTransport 20 Transport

LandbrugAgriculture Landbrug 0 0 SkovbrugForestry Skovbrug

-20 -20 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

8 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Energi Vision 2050

The municipality of Aalborg has, in cooperation with Aalborg University developed “Energy Vision for the municipality of Aalborg 2050” (Energy Vision 2050) during 2009 and 2010.

The basis for Energy Vision 2050 is an energy and electricity. Although transport demand system based on renewable energy in the up to 2050 has been forecasted to slightly form of local biomass resources, with wind, increase, the assumed energy consumption solar, and geothermal heat combined with a for transport is significantly reduced due focused effort to reduce energy consumpti- to, among other things, a result of a shift to on through energy conservation and energy public transport and more efficient tech- efficiency. The Energy Vision 2050 presumes, nologies. For example, electric cars could among other energy savings and efficiency reduce energy consumption compared to improvements in the range of 40-50%, a sig- conventional cars by a factor of three. nificant expansion of wind power, and exten- sive use of local biomass resources. The Energy Vision builds on a premise for further development and efficiency of Energy Vision 2050 is based upon the prin- district heating, so dis-trict coverage in ciple that biomass resources should to be Aalborg in 2050 will amount to 85-90% of able to cover the energy consumption for the net heat demand. District heating is as- housing, public institutions, commercial and sumed to come from biomass-based district service business, and the amount that is the heat plants, waste incinerators, heat pumps, equivalent of the municipality of Aalborg’s industrial waste heat, and geothermal heat. population share of the total Danish industry and transport. This is assumed to occur The Energy Vision presupposes that all bio- solely through the use of the municipality’s mass resources in the future should be used share of the estimated total biomass resour- for transportation, process energy throug- ces in Denmark, which is roughly equivalent hout industry and cogeneration, which to biomass resources in the Municipality of conversely means that the use of wood and Aalborg. This means that Aalborg Portland’s straw in the individual heating systems must energy needs are only partly met with local be converted into other energy forms, such biomass resources, while the rest of the in- as heat pumps. dustry in Aalborg Municipality is expected to have all of their energy needs met by local energy resources.

Apart from biomass resources for industry, a portion of the biomass is assumed to be transformed into fuels that can be used in transport and highly efficient, fuel cell-based CHP.

Energy consumption for transport beyond biofuels is assumed to be met by hydrogen Biomass resources in the municipality of Aalborg

7000

6000 Biomassressources in the Municipality 5000 of Aalborg

4000

Tj/year 3000 The Municipality of Aalborgs share of ex- 2000 pected biomass ressources in Denmark

Biomass resources in the municipality of 1000 Aalborg compared with the municipality of Aalborg’s share of expected biomass 0 resources in Denmark.

Total Straw Wood Biogas Waste Energy ...

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 9 Energy Strategy 2030 Heath consumption in Aalborg The Energy Strategy for Aalborg towards 2030 is based on the vision of a fossil-fuel free Aal- borg, partly with considerations to security of supply, partly with consideration to CO2 reduc- Public Institutions tion and climate change prevention, although Trade and service the municipality is not expected to be fossil- Households fuel free before 2050. Industri

The vision of a fossil-fuel free energy supply is important to look at in a global perspective, since the energy consumption of individual nations and regions should in principle be adapted to non-fossil energy resources district heating area alone was 6,085 TJ. that exist in the region. In practice, there More than 50% of this total surplus-heat Energy Supply sources in Aalborg in TJ (exclu- will of course occur exchanges of biomass came from industry, waste incineration and ding Aalborg Portland and transport). between different nations, regions or mu- sewage treatment plants, and the rest came 2007 2030 nicipalities. But unilateral import of energy from one of the world’s most energy-effi- Electricity import 2.370 291 resources, and this refers especially to im- cient coal power plants. In addition, energy ports from poorer countries, should in prin- consumption from oil and natural gas boilers Oil and coal 2.034 1.259 ciple be avoided to the extent that it remo- was 1,721 TJ and from wood and straw boi- Naturegas 2.109 757 ves biomass resources from these regions, lers it was 1,123 TJ. Waste 2.046 2.034 which could be used locally. All the biomass Biomass 1.370 1.409 resources in the future to be used in Aalborg Using the 2007 baseline, changes in the Municipality should be local since from a energy system and projection of energy Wind 865 2.770 global perspective it will not be sustainable data for 2030, is briefly explained below. The Solar energy 11 106 if Aalborg imports biomass from third world energy strategy is based on existing facilities Geotermical heath 0 43 countries to meet a target of fossil-fuel free and proven technology, describing the pro- Surplus heath 13 13 energy. bable development of the energy sector by Heath pumps 1 333 2030, and the interaction with transport and In 2007, the total energy consumption in agricul-ture. Total 10.819 9.015 Aalborg was 36,370 TJ. The total energy fi- gure excludes Aalborg Portland’s demand of 17,550 TJ. The share from transport was CO2 emissions from energy supply in Aalborg 6,730 TJ. (38%)

Electricity consumption (excluding Aalborg Portland) in Aalborg was 3,890 TJ, equivalent to almost 1,100 GWh. 244 GWh was supplied by wind turbines in the municipality. The total renewable energy share amounted in 2007 to 21% of the total energy in Aalborg, excluding Aalborg Portland.

CO2 emmissions CO2 reduction targets The total district heating consumption (excluding Aalborg Portland) was 6,860 TJ, of which the heat consumption in the central The total energy consumption of energy (electricity, heat and process energy) in Aalborg (excluding Aalborg Portland) is expected to decline from 10,819 TJ in 2007 to Electricity consumption 9,015 TJ in 2030, representing a decrease of 17%.

The total energy consumption of energy and transport is expected to decline from 17,552 TJ to 14,457 TJ, excluding Aalborg Portland, Public Institutions representing a decrease of 18%. Trade and service Households The changes in the energy system, as proposed in the energy strategy for the munici- Industri pality means that CO2 emissions caused by Agriculture energy supply are projected to decline from Construction 0.69 million tons in 2007 to 0.22 million tons in 2030, representing a decrease of just over 65%. In the period 1990 to 2030, CO emis- Electricity consumption in the municipality of 2 Aalborg by consumer categories, excluding Aal- sions from energy in total will be reduced by borg Portland more than 75%.

10 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation How you read the climate strategy For the chosen focus areas it applies that it is initiatives and actions which the Aal- The overall climate change strategy is a borg City Council has a real opportunity to strategy for prevention of and adaptation influence developments either directly or to unavoidable climate changes, which in indirectly. A direct influence may be, for the future will shape Aalborg Municipality. example, that the City Council decides that This part of the strategy focuses exclusively all municipal buildings will be built as low- on preventing climate change, and thereby energy buildings. An indirect impact may be, covers strategies, objectives, and proposed for example, that Aalborg will work to chan- ac-tions to reduce CO2 emissions. The Cli- ge inappropriate laws and regulations. mate Adaptation strategy is contained in a separate report. For each initiative, there is a reference to Chapter 12, which shows which administra- The Climate Strategy is common to the mu- tion has the overall responsibility for imple- nicipality of Aalborg and therefore will go menting the initiative and indicates which across all municipal sectors. The Climate management tool of existing sector plans Strategy’s objectives and proposed actions that efforts must be integrated and ancho- should wherever possible be implemented red in. through existing sector planning, and the climate strategy is to ensure that the climate In order to achieve the most cost-effective is thought into everything that the munici- transition to a fossil-fuel free energy supply pality does. it is expected that socio-economic assessments of all initiatives will be conducted The Climate Strategy consists of strategies that are expected in connection with climate and goals for the selected areas that aim to strategy. meet the long-term vision. In addition, the Climate Strategy 2011-2015 sets out actions Socio-economic, private or corporate finan- and initiatives intended to be implemented cial assessments on all existing climate stra- over the next few years. Actions and initiati- tegy initiatives are currently not conducted. ves are divided into: Klimastrategien besrives under otte indsats- • Guidelines - description of how the Mu- områder: nicipality expects to adapt existing planning and task-solving Energy conservation

• New actions - describe any new actions Energy Supply needed to address climate change. Transport • Survey - description of where the need for more knowledge and information is. Forestry Agriculture Partnerships Hovedmålet med klimastrategien er at blive fossilfri i 2050. Climate teaching De opstillede mål for indsats- Local green growth områderne er delmål, som un- derbygger den strategi, der skal lægges for at opnå dette. Strategy

Guidelines Goal Description of how the Munici- pality expects to adapt existing planning and task-solving Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry Inquiry

Description of where the need for more knowledge and information is New initiatives

Describe any new actions needed to address climate change.

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 11 Energy savings

Energy saving is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving the goal of fossil-fuel free energy, and thus to be able to meet commitments to address climate change, and also obtain a necessary energy supply.

The Energy Vision for the municipality of Aalborg requires that energy consumption be reduced in the range of 40-50% over the next 40 years if the goal of fossil-fuel free energy is to be achieved.

National initiatives the Municipality is committed to an annual reduction of CO emissions by 2%, which can Energy conservation is a fundamental pre- 2 be achieved by implementation of energy requisite for achieving the goal of fossil-fu- savings on average of 2% per year of energy el free energy, and thus to be able to meet con-sumption in institutions and so on until commitments to address climate change, 2020. Governmental institutions are also and also obtain a necessary energy supply. required to realise annual energy savings of The Energy Vision for the municipality of 2% on average. Aalborg requires that energy consumption be reduced in the range of 40-50% over the Although it is expected that grid compa- next 40 years if the goal of fossil-fuel free nies’ overall energy saving efforts of 200 energy is to be achieved. TJ per year is realized in the Municipality of Aalborg, it will not be sufficient to meet the Through national energy taxes and subsidies long-term objective that energy consump- for energy saving measures, tightening of tion for heating, ventilation, lighting, etc. in building regulations, energy labeling of buil- buildings should be reduced by 40-50% in dings and energy-consuming appliances, and 2050. The reason is that it is also expected requirements for energy companies, energy that the population will increase by approx. The climate strategy for energy savings is conservation efforts have resulted in consi- 0.5% per year and it is expected that new derable savings in recent decades. Re-cently, divided in to 4 main themes: energy-consuming appliances will also con- the regulatory requirements for the energy tribute to increased energy consumption. companies’ energy-saving efforts doubled, In the central district area heating, prices and new stricter requirements are on the are now among the lowest in Denmark. As way in building regulations. a result, it can often be difficult to achieve a positive personal and community econo- Consumer behaviour is also very central for my for many energy saving projects. Many Buildings energy savings. It is not enough to save 50% energy savings will often be profitable if on energy consumption for heating if many implemented in conjunction with building citizens choose to increase their living space Businesses conversion and / or renovation projects. In by 50-100%. Likewise, the energy savings the central district area, it will usually be ne- when purchasing a new washing machine cessary to implement socio-economic calcu- Private households that uses less electricity than the old one lations in connection with implementation of could quickly be replaced by extra consump- energy saving projects. tion if the household buys a bigger TV that The municipality as a uses more electricity than the old one. It is company In the decentralized district areas, the incen- therefore important that consumers choose tive to implement energy savings will often both sets with an energy usage that is as low be greater due to higher heating costs. as possible when the existing equipment is In the individually-serviced areas, the in- to be replaced, while minimizing the number centive to implement energy savings will be and use of energy-consuming appliances. greatest because heating costs are typically In addition, the energy and other resources relatively high in these areas. In the indivi- that are used in the manufacture of the pro- dually-serviced areas, the choices are often ducts should be included in the total picture. between investments in energy conservation in the building envelope and investments From 2010, the total requirements for the in alternative supply, for example in the form annual energy saving efforts of the network of solar or geothermal system or in combi- companies in Aalborg, which supplies gas, nation. electricity, and district heating, is on the order of 200 TJ (55 GWh), corresponding to ap- Depending on the developments in energy proximately 2% of the energy supplied. prices, national measures will be needed to Energy Center Aalborg has, by virtue of of- complement local measures, for example in fering a holistic advisory services to private the form of increased energy requirements households and commercial customers since for existing buildings, increased energy 1995, contributed significantly to the resour- taxes and / or subsidies for energy savings ce- and energy saving efforts in Aalborg. in order to achieve the long-term goal of en- In accordance with agreements with the ergy conservation. Local Government Denmark (KL) and the Da- nish Society for Nature Conservation (DN),

12 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Energy savings

Buildings

Energy consumption for electricity and heat in buildings accounts for roughly 30% of total energy consumption. In the existing building stock there is great potential for energy savings.

In Aalborg, about 75% of the housing stock was built before 1980, when the first stricter requirements for buildings insulation and heating systems were introduced as a result of the 1970s energy crisis. More than 40% of the total housing stock in Aalborg was built before 1960.

In connection with the renovation of existing buildings there is a large potential for energy savings regarding insulating walls and ceilings, replacing the glazing, low ventila- All construction ought to be CO neutral by 2050. tion with heat recovery, and insu-lating of 2 pipes and valves in unheated basements, Through authority processing, collaboration with developers and the ener- crawl spaces, and attics. gy companies, it is ensured that the establishment and operation of the buildings is energy efficient. The Building Code’s stricter requirements for new construction entails increased in- Work to create financial incentives for energy savings in homes and businesses.

sulation thickness in walls and ceilings, and Strategy increased density of the buildings, which will result in significantly lower energy con- All options of regulation would be exercised in order to achieve energy- sumption from buildings in the future. The efficient buildings. increased energy requirements for buildings will also imply a greater need to ensure that all new buildings meet these requirements. Energy consumption in buildings must be reduced by 40-50% through energy savings and energy efficiency by 2050. Future climate change is likely to lead to Goal lower energy consumption for heating buildings in the winter, while energy consump- Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry tion for cooling in summer will increase. There are basic demands for Carry out energy screening Studies and demonstration Already, electricity consumption takes up low energy buildings cor- of all construction projects projects for energy effi- to 70% of new buildings’ primary consump- responding to energy class over 1,500 m2 before gran- cient building renovation tion. In the future there will be a need for 2015 in all local plans and ting planning permission to of existing buildings with much greater focus on electricity savings in major renovation projects, ensure the best energy solu- respect for the original ar- buildings. with effect from 2012, as- tions. [NT 1] chitecture is pursued. [U 1] suming a positive economic return. [R 1] Random testing of new construction and major renova- District heating is re- tions must ensure that the commended in all construc- building meets the existing tion, where possible. [R 2] energy requirements. [NT 2]

There shall be an ongoing Demonstration projects for opportunity to finance ener- en-ergy-efficient town / di- gy initiatives through the strict / settlements are con- active involvement of the ducted. [NT 3] financial sector. [R 3] An expected ban on the installation of oil-fired boilers Energy-saving measures for space heating is exami- must be appropriately in- ned and incorporated into tegrated aesthetically and the heat planning. [NT 4] architecturally. [R 4] Building owners are encouraged to use the energy companies’ offer on thermography of the city’s buildings and targeted energy counseling. [NT 5]

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 13 Energy savings

Businesses

About a third of Denmark’s energy consumption is consumed by businesses. Therefore, an active effort in relation to business is crucial for achieving an overall energy efficiency of 40-50%.

Energy companies’ existing energy-saving active energy consultancy in production, efforts have also shown that the energy consumption and development of competiti- savings potential in commercial enterpri- ve energy-efficient products including clean- ses is very large. The reason for this is the tech products is supported. well-known potential savings have not yet been fully utilized, there are still new both technical and behavioural opportunities, and there are still changes in the production conditions. Energy efficient solutions for businesses and agriculture must be supported by Municipal authority decisions and planning. Outsourcing of energy-intensive production The financial sector should be involved in the promotion of energy efficient can locally contribute to reduced energy production. consumption, but will nationally or globally Strategy not contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions. In some cases, it may increase overall emissions. Energy use in commercial enterprises shall be reduced by 50% through Energy Center Aalborg has through energy energy savings and energy efficiency by 2050 in order to achieve a 15% re- advice for businesses such as Aalborg Sup-

Goal duction in consumption by 2020 compared to 2010. ply, GAS, AKE EL-NET and VARME in 2009 alone realized documented energy savings primarily from business customers. Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry In agriculture, Aalborg Municipality estab- Climate promotion initiati- The municipality will, in By 2012, an inventory of lished a partnership with Energy North who ves are an active part of the cooperation with energy agriculture’s total CO emis- prepared energy reports for livestock farms 2 municipality’s business ef- companies as part of the sions, including energy and that were seeking environmental approval. forts. [R 5] environmental inspection, methane emissions based on The report includes recommendations on identify energy-efficient op- actual data for local agricul- energy saving measures supplemented with Through networking with portunities. [NT 6] ture is to be conducted. [U 2] an estimated payback period and included in businesses and agriculture, the environmental approval overall assess- energy efficiency and clima- From 2012, collaboration ment of environmental impacts. Experience te-friendly products are to will begin with the North has shown that there are great savings to be be promoted. [R 6] Jutland banks to develop gained also with simple solutions. climate-friendly counseling and loan opportunities Climate and environmental promotion ef- for companies and financial forts are an integrated element of the mu- assessment tools that pro- nicipality’s commercial efforts and through mote green growth. networking, promoting innovation, and an [NT 7]

14 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Energy savings

Private households

Energy consumption for electricity and heat in homes and energy consumption for motorised vehicles repre- sents about half of the private household CO2 contribu- tion. The other half comes from consumption of food, consumer goods, services, and so on.

Savings and changes in household consumption of energy and goods can by experience The climate behavior of private householdes is influenced through informa- be promoted through campaigns, education and education. tion, grants and fees. Aalborg Municipality does not possess the possibility to use either The implemention of effective citizen-oriented information campaigns on taxes or subsidies, but can affect people’s energy savings should be carried out. behavior through campaigns and education. The municipality will be involved in the creation of pioneer examples of cli- matefriendly behavior Energy Center Aalborg has, since 1995, been Strategy offering holistic advisory services to private We search to established partnerships to ensure full consultation in regards households for resources and energy, and to energy savings. offer education of schoolchildren. After the sale of the electricity supply (Energiforsynin- gen), there is no longer a financial basis for continuing demonstration activities, educa- Energy consumption for electricity and heat in homes should by 2050 be re- tion, and permanent exhibitions. duced by 40-50% through energy savings, energy efficiency, and behavioral changes. By the end of 2013, there must be established a network with the financial sector, energy companies, builders and contractors in Aalborg, offering full

Goal advice in relation to energy refurbishment and energy savings.

CO2 emissions resulting from energy consumption in private households in the municipality of Aalborg must be reduced by 2 % annually in the period 2013-2020.

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry Energy advice must be inclu- Aalborg Municipality will The ability to create local ded in all technical authority work for a national levy and national economic in- processing of relevant cases system that promotes ”cli- centive for people to save in the municipality. [R 7] mate-friendly” behavior of energy is to be examined. citizens. [NT 8] [U 3]

Cooperation with energy companies, builders and contractors on energy saving campaigns. [NT9]

Competitions between neighborhoods on energy savings should be held. [NT 10]

Through the green shops initiative, the public should regularly be informed about their own potential for energy savings. [NT 11]

Carry out citizen involving climate projects, such as CO2 neutral village Fjellerad. [NT 12]

Citizens must be involved and the individual household’s CO2 footprint will be revealed. [NT 13]

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 15 Energy savings

The municipality as a company

Aalborg Municipality will be a sustainable municipality and take the lead in climate and environmental work. In 2009, Aalborg became ‘climate municipality’ and pledged to reduce CO2 emissions from its own activities 2% annually over the period from 2009-2020. As an organisati- on of approximately 18,000 employees, the municipality has many opportunities to reduce energy consumption, in particular in the operation of municipal buildings, street lights, in the operation of computers, server rooms and other IT equipment, and providing energy requirements for the procurement of goods and products.

Headlines for the strategy:

Climate friendly Behaviour Green IT Streetlights Collective transport Municipal buildings

Climate friendly behaviour

When purchasing energy-consuming products and services, the municipality will choose the most energy-efficient ones, price calculated with regards to the product / service’s lifetime. Strategy

From 2020, all electricity purchases in Aalborg (excluding user-financed area) should be based on renewable energy from new plants. Goal

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry Energy-using products pur- The use of electricity for The possibilities for the chased for Aalborg Munici- municipal buildings, plant establishment of municipal pality must comply with The and equipment. (excluding wind turbines should be exa- Danish Knowledge Centre user-financed areas) must mined. for Energy Savings in Buil- come from new renewable [U 4] dings instructions on on energy plants. [NT 14] energy-friendly purchases. Investigate the possibi- [R 8] lity of establishing a curve breaking agreement with The Danish Knowledge Cen- tre for Energy Savings in Buildings. [U 5]

The possibilities for the establishment of a fund to finance energy savings and renewable energy systems in municipal buildings must be examined. [ U 6]

16 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Energy savings

Green IT

Aalborg Municipality will continue to require the purchase of energy-efficient computers, copiers, and printers and optimize operation and control energy use of equipment, including standby power consumption through central control. Operation of the servers will be based on the latest princip-

Strategy les and technologies.

Energy from municipal IT will on average be reduced by at least 2% per year by 2020 and by 50% overall by 2050. Goal

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry All purchased PCs, printers, By the end of 2011, all ad- It is considered whether lea- and copiers must meet the ministrative PCs in the mu- sing schemes on all munici- criteria for the EPEAT label, nicipality in relation to the pal PCs should be exercised Nordic Swan, or equiva- Windows 7 platform shall in order to ensure replace- lent environmental labeling be connected to a centrally ment of PCs every 3 years as and at all times the highest controlled Sleep function. the newest and thus often Energy Star level (currently [NT 15] the most environmentally 5) or equivalent. [R 9] friendly / energy efficient Server rooms should be models are used. [U 7] designed with the utmost consideration to energy A survey of the possibilities consumption and the in- of moving to thin-clients by structions from The Da- the end of 2014 is to be con- nish Knowledge Centre for ducted. [D 8] Energy Savings in Buildings. [NT 16]

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 17 Energy savings

Streetlights

Aalborg Municipality will continuously reduce energy consumption for lighting of roads, residential streets, lanes and traffic lights in line with the technological development of energy efficient light sources and when their overall profitability is present. Replacement of lamps and lighting fixtures will be thought together with the maintenance of the existing

Strategy lighting. For new installations, the most energy efficient lighting should be used.

Energy consumption from streetlights should on average be reduced by at least 2% per year until 2020 and by 35% overall in 2030. Traffic lights should be replaced with LED diode technology or when it is the

Goal most efficient technology for the refurbishment/renewal of the intersection, so that all traffic lights in the municipality by 2020 are changed.

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry Technological progress will Street lights on roads, paths In terms of energy con- be monitored closely and and squares in the muni- sumption mercury light is expected in the coming cipality will be regularly sources are the least ener- years to produce solutions renewed with new energy- gy-efficient light sources with greater energy effi- efficient technologies with we have currently and thus ciency than currently possi- less power consumption. provides the greatest sav- ble. [R 10] This includes existing metal ings of potential (30-45% halide and compact tube depending on lamp wattage For establishment of new sources and newer LED and lumens). and modernization of technology. [NT 17] existing street lighting sy- Since the mercury light stem, the best technologies At traffic roads, BAT will be sources are to be removed (BAT) in terms of energy introduced when illumina- from production in 2015 consumption and operating tion requirements for this according to an EU decree, costs should be used. [R 11] type of illumination solution there must be alternatives can be achieved, and when to the municipality’s appro- Best available (BAT) techno- the technology of light ximately 15,000 luminaires logy is brought into use as it quality and total economic with mercury lamps. [U 9] meets quality requirements payback period of replacing in general. [R 12] and operating matches the other known light source technologies. [NT 18]

On residential streets, BAT will be introduced when the technology light quality and total economic payback period of replacing and operating matches the other known light source technologies. [NT 19]

Traffic lightning will be changed to LED technology or the best avalible technology when they are renovated or renewed so all traffic lightning in the municipality will be changed by 2020.[NT 20]

Other new technologies for controlling lights will be tested for potential energy savings. In 2011, two new technologies for dimming were tested. [NT 21]

18 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Energy savings

Municipal transport

During the acquisition of municipal vehicles, the selection of vehicles with low energy consumption and use of vehicles with alternative fuels such as electricity, methanol, hydrogen, etc. must be encouraged. Official driving in private cars must be limited to the extent that the municipality can offer vehicles with lower CO2 emissions. Municipal travel by air should be limited Strategy and the ability to use bicycles and electric bicycles needs to be improved.

Energy consumption from municipal driving should on average be reduced by 2% per year until 2020 and be halved by 2050. From 2050, the energy consumption for municipal vehicles should be fossil- Goal fuel free.

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry Newly purchased municipal 10% of the cars in munici- To reduce travels made by passenger cars must meet pality’s elderly care division employees to meetings, con- Energy class A specificati- must by 2015 be electric ferences, etc., the techni- ons, at a minimum. cars. [NT 22] cal and economic aspects [R 13] of using video-conference Each of the municipality’s equipment should be exami- In connection with the pro- administrations should en- ned. [U10] vision of municipal driving courage staff to use public (referred through kørsels- transport and offer bikes A car-analysis of the muni- kontoret) requirements for and electric bikes to the cipal driving with considera- maximum CO2 emissions greatest extent possible. tion to efficiency and climate should at least be equivalent [NT 23] impact should be carried out. to the requirements the mu- [U11] nicipality imposes on its own Municipal administrations vehicles. [R 14] should offer employees with official driving in their own car and with a driving needs of more than 10,000 km per year a municipal vehicle if their vehicle does not meet the requirements of the Energy Class A. [NT 24]

Municipal employees with a significant work-related driving requirement (> 5.000km per year) included within the care sector and employees with work-related driving (trucks and contractors’ machinery) must undergo a course in energy efficient driving techniques. [NT 25]

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 19 Energy savings

Municipal buildings

Aalborg Municipality will through its own construction be at the forefront of energy requirements in relation to both new construction and energy-refurbishment, so that stricter requirements in relation to national targets are set. The municipality will increase its efforts for energy savings in municipal buildings through energy pro-

Strategy jects and energy-management.

The total energy consumption in municipal buildings by 2050 is to be reduced by 45%. This applies to both electricity and heat. Energy consumption in municipal buildings must on average be reduced by at least 2% per year until 2020. All municipal buildings should by 2030 be energy refurbished.

Goal For new construction and renovation from 2015 solar cells that cover the building’s electricity consump-tion should be integrated, if possible. For renovation, conversion, and maintenance work energy-refurbishment should be required from 2012 onward.

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry Starting in 2012, Aalborg Municipality By 2014 there must be developed a In order to determine energy require- will require all municipal construction sustainability manual describing the ments, including specific requirements (new construction and renovation) to goals and efforts in energy - and env- for building components for renovation be built as low-energy building, similar ironmentally sound municipal con- and conversion tasks, the municipality to the Building Energy Class 2015, as- struction and design. [NT 26] will be included in possible demonstra- suming a positive economic return. tion projects. [R 15] Energy Management should be imple- [U 12] mented by the end of 2014 in all muni- Municipal buildings located in district cipal buildings. [NT 27] A pre-analysis that can show energy- heating areas are to be heated by di- saving potentials and economics in rela- strict heating. [R 16] Before the end of each council term tion to municipal / private partnership there must be established a long-term with a private energy service company Municipal buildings located outside plan for energy renovation of municipal (ESCO cooperation) should be carried district heating areas should by 2050 buildings to an energy standard similar out. [U 13] have a renewable energy supply. to the contemporary low-energy class. [R 17] [NT 28]

In connection with building refurbishment, energy refurbishment of relevant building sections must be simultaneously implemented. [R 18]

All new municipal buildings must be provided with individual renewable energy, like solar power or similar, equivalent to at least 10% of the total energy consumption of the building. [R 19]

Energy-saving measures must be integrated with what is aesthetically and architecturally appropriate. [R 20]

All new construction and conversion projects over 500 m2 should be screened to ensure that the best economic and energy solutions that are chosen. The screening is carried out during both the project proposal and project realisation. [R21]

20 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Energy savings

Solar power on Kongerslev og Farstrup schooles

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 21 Energy supply

Aalborg has in the past 20 years worked hard to reduce energy and resource consumption in relation to energy supply. The principles of sustainable energy supply have been continuously incorporated into the heating plan for Aalborg Municipality, the municipal strategic energy plans, and in the utility companies strategic plans.

Today, waste heat from industry, waste inci- tion to energy supply, excluding Aalborg neration plants, and wastewater treatment Portland. Electricity generated from wind plants, which are largely CO2-neutral, make turbines comprises a significant share. up a very large part of the heating supplied Increased use of wind energy will require to Aalborg’s central district heating. The re- new and more flexible system solutions in maining heat comes from Nordjyllandsvær- the electricity sector, where a smart grid ket, which is one of the world’s most energy- with smart meters will allow that electri- efficient coal plants. Along with the heat city consumption for laundry and charging from 12 decentralized CHP, district heating electric cars and hybrid plug-in cars may ad- accounts for over 80% of the total heat sup- vantageously be moved to the times the day ply in Aalborg. when electricity prices are lowest.

District heating is a very flexible energy The cost of conversion to a fossil-fuel free system, ensuring a high level of security energy supply by 2050, according to the of supply and the possibility of using CO2- Energy Vision for Aalborg 2050 did not differ neutral energy sources, such as waste heat significantly from the cost of a continuation from industry and from waste incinera-tion of the current energy. The reason for this is plants, and renewable energy in the form of the money to purchase the daily consump- biogas, solar, geothermal, straw and wood. tion of fossil fuels in the future are expected District heating is thus a very central ele- to be used for investments in energy conser- ment in the transition to a fossil-fuel free vation, energy efficiency and continous-end energy supply. energy, simultaneously reducing the direct costs for the purchase of increasingly ex- Renewable energy is a vital resource for a pensive oil, gas, and coal. fossil-fuel free energy supply and to reduce CO2 emissions and thus global warming. In Aalborg, renewable energy accounts for nearly 30% of the total gross energy consump- District heating

Biofuels

Geothermal heat

Vind turbines

Solar cells

Solar heat

Heat pumps

Cooling

22 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation EnergiforsyningEnergy supply

Fjernvarme

District heating is and will remain an essential and in- dispensable part of the future energy system. Not least because district heating gives the energy system a flexibility that makes it possible to use a wide variety of energy sources and conversion-plants.

District heating already accounts for a great deal of heat supply in Aalborg. In 2007, district heating accounted for 83% of the total heat supply. Of this amount, heat consumption in the central district area accounted for 89%, while heat consumption in the decentralized district heating areas accounted for 11%.

In 2030, district heating supply is expected to account for 86% of the total heat supply. It is expected that the heat consumption in the central district area will exceed 95%, while heat consumption in the decentralized district heating areas will account for 5%. Although both the population and the district heating supply’s share of heat in Aal- borg are expected to increase, expected CO2 emissions from district heating is expected to continue to decline as a result of continued efficiency improvements, conversion to alternative fuels, and increased utilization of waste heat. District heating accounts for and should in the future constitute the primary heat source in Aalborg Mu-nicipality. District heating systems in Aalborg is expanded as much as possible, taking into account social, corpo-rate, and personal finance in order to ensure a

Strategy flexible and efficient energy supply.

By 2050 district heating in Aalborg shall be fossil-fuel free. By 2030 district heating will cover at least 86% of heat supply in Aalborg Goal Municipality.

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry There must continuously In connection with heat- The opportunities to conduct be implemented strategic planning in the current studies and demonstration energy planning for Aalborg. planning period societal, projects for efficient use [R 22] corporate and private eco- of district heating in low- nomic and environmental energy buildings in district assessments are carried out heating areas should be ana- in relation to: lyzed. [U 14] 1) Different renewable technology solutions and local The possibilities of how the fossil-fuel free energy re- district heating system can sources. be used as storage for fluctuating energy production 2) Establishment of trans- is considered in strategic mission lines from the cen- energy planning. tral district area to areas [U 15] with decentralized district.

3) A conversion of heat supply from individual oil and naturalgas for heating to district heating. [NT 29]

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 23 Energy supply

Biofuels

Increased use of biomass from agriculture, forestry and organic waste from industry and households is one of the basic requirements for fossil-fuel free energy.

An increasing demand for biomass for the conversion to fossil-fuel free energy will also increase the dependence between the energy sector, forestry and especially agriculture, when demand for biomass exceeds the amount that is today considered as residues. In the long term, it is not unlikely that parts Biofuel plant of agricultural production must be converted to energy crops. In order to maintain the current food production it will lead to a shift of a part of the current livestock production to All biomass that is not part of a biological circuit is to be used for co-gene- a larger crop production in order to increase ration, process energy in in-dustries and transport. energy efficiency in the food sector. Biomass and waste should increasingly displace fossil fuels in co-generation. In 2007 about 15% of total energy consumption in Aalborg, excluding Aalborg Portland Biogas produced in Aalborg Municipality should generally be used in Aal- but including transport, was covered by local borg. biomass resources. By 2030 this is expected Strategy to be around 30%. The biofuels used in Aalborg Municipality should generally not exceed the local biofuel potential. In the future it is expected that biomass for energy purposes is mainly used for the production of biofuels and cogeneration, as far During a transitional period, biogas in the decentralized cogeneration as possible in combination with the produ- should primarily displace natural gas. ction of food, feed and / or fertilizer. In the longer term, an increasing proportion is also The municipal plan should before 2013 ensure the possibility of construc- expected to be used in the chemical indu- ting facilities for the conversion of biomass for cogeneration, process ener- stry. In the context of biomass for energy gy in industry, and transport. purposes, it is important to balance biomass production with food production and the in- Aalborg Municipality must be self-sufficient in biomass by 2050. terests of the organic cycle, including phos- Goal In 2030, 30% of total energy consumption in Aalborg Municipality should be phorus and nitrogen cycles in the soil. covered by energy derived from biomass. The use of biomass for burning, for example The proportion of energy from biogas plants must be increased to 1.000TJ in stoves and solid fuel boiler, is expected in before 2020. the future to be reduced to a minimum, since it is necessary to use as much biomass for biofuels and cogeneration. The reduced use Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry of biomass in individual solid fuel boilers and stoves will simultaneously lead to reduced Through the heat planning In the municipal plan (addi- The potential for cultiva- air pollution in the form of particulate mat- and strategic energy plan- tion) areas with opportunity tion of energy crops must be ter. ning commercial outlets for for placements of biogas investigated, including the biofuels must as far as pos- plants are identified. [NT 30] potential for business de- sible be secured with the velopment (Green Growth) aim to displace fossil fuels. As part of the environmen- from the biomass produc- [R 23] tal approval scheme, biogas tion. [U 16] pro-duction is promoted by motivating agriculture to The possibilities for use of deliver their manure to bio- biogas in city gas network, gas. [NT 31] including use of biogas in buses, trucks and municipal Areas in the municipality are vehicles should be examined. designated where it would [U 17] be appropriate to grow energy crops. [NT 32] In connection with heat planning, the extent to which a reorganization of the solid fuel boiler to solar and heat pumps in the areas without public supply can happen should be examined. [U 18]

24 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Energy supply

Geothermical heat

The geological formations in much of Aalborg Municipa- lity are interesting with regard to the use of geothermal heat. The three formations Gassum, Haldager and Fre- derikshavn, located 900-2000 meters below surface, are by Danish standards considered to be very good geothermal resources, which are assumed to meet the current need for district heating for a few hundred years.

The establishment of geothermal heating is associated with some risk in relation to the geological conditions, and is also very heavy investments. Geothermal heating systems should as far as possible be used whenever possible as basic load plants with high operating hours for relatively large contiguous district heating systems to be profitable. In the case of geothermal heating systems, it is often necessary to raise the temperature of the produced water by using a heat pump. In the case of low-temperature heating, the energy consumption for this can be reduced to a minimum.

Integration of geothermal heat in the existing district heating, should however, be in competition with existing heat sources such as cogeneration and industrial waste heat. Geothermal heat should be used for district heating to the extent that it is In Aalborg it is expected that heat from energy and environmentally optimal and socio-economically viable. existing CHP and surplus heating systems meet the baseload heating needs for the Strategy next 10-20 years. Geothermal heat is therefore first expected to take up a decisive share of heat supply in Aalborg Municipality, if After 2030 geothermal accounts for a major share of the heat supply in such heat supply from Reno-Nord or Aalborg Aalborg. Portland is reduced significantly. Goal

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry In the context of energy and In connection with heat- In connection with heat- heat planning a focus on planning a strategy for the planning studies, possible / when it is societal economi- use of geothermal heat in optimal locations of geother- cally, company economically Aalborg Municipality will be mal plants in Aalborg Munici- and environmentally optimal determined. [NT 33] pality should be located. to implement geothermal [U 19] heat will continuously be included. [R 24]

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 25 Energy supply

Wind turbines

Renewable energy from wind turbines is to cover a large part of the energy consumption in Aalborg Municipality in the future. Electricity produced by wind turbines in Aalborg Municipality is currently (2007) 17% of electricity consumption, including Aalborg Portland, and 24% of electricity consumption, excluding Aalborg Portland.

New wind turbines and replacement of turbi- There is a need for a major expansion of nes established before 2000 with larger and wind power production in Aalborg by 117% more efficient wind turbines is in 2020 ex- by 2030 and 170% in 2050 compared to 2007. pected to result in a total annual electricity In total, an increase from 240 GWh to 1230 production from wind turbines of 520 GWh. GWh, which is mostly expected to be carried In 2030, electricity production from wind tur- out by replacing turbines in existing areas. bines is to be raised to around 750 GWh per year, corresponding to approximately 60% of electricity consumption. Excluding Aalborg Portland, electricity from wind turbines in 2030 is expected to be around 75% of total electricity consumption.

In the long term, the share of electricity production from wind turbines should be There should be opportunities to build enough wind power in the muni- around 80% of the total electricity supplies cipality of Aalborg, first through replacement of wind turbines in existing to Aalborg. areas and, secondly, by designating new areas for wind turbines, in order to ensure adequate power generation in the municipality based on renewable To the extent that the expected wind capaci- energy in 2050. ty cannot be established as land-based wind turbines this must either alternatively be re- The municipality will actively contribute to the necessary expansion of placed by solar or acquired as proportions of Strategy electricity production from off-shore wind turbines in order to ensure that offshore wind and / or wave powerplants. electricity consumption in Aalborg (excluding Aalborg Portland) in 2050 can provide electricity based on renewable energy. As an increasing share of the electricity production comes from wind power, there will be a need for alternative use of this to avoid Wind turbines in Aalborg will constitute 80% of electricity consumption in export of electricity at low prices. One way to 2050, through the expansion of wind power production by a minimum of create a better balance between production Goal 170% from the 2007 baseline. and consumption of electricity from wind power is, as previously mentioned, using part of this electricity for heat pumps combined Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry with heat storage, both in district heating sy- In all case processing, the A wind turbine plan (addi- Assess the offshore loca- stems, but not least in areas without district municipality promotes local tion to the municipal plan), tion of wind turbines or heating, as well as for electric cars, for which development of wind tur- which points out new wind modification of proximity batteries can provide an important buffer. bines and the use of wind turbine areas that can en- requirements, for example energy. [R 25] sure the development of in relation to housing, could necessary wind power is be considered to ensure carried out. [NT 34] adequate wind power in Aal- borg. [U 20] Once every 4 years energy companies and stakeholders Opportunities to develop and from the municipality are in- operate their own wind tur- vited for dialogue on expan- bines should be examined in sion of wind energy. [NT 35] connection with the Network Provide the public with infor Sustainable Business formation on the develop- Development, among others. ment of wind turbines in the [U 21] municipality in order to promote private investment in wind turbines (wind turbine cooperatives). [NT 36]

In cooperation with Aalborg University and relevant business enterprises, work on the positioning of a national test center for wind turbines in Aalborg will be carried out. [NT 37]

26 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Energy supply

Solar cells

Solar cells are increasingly used primarily related to new construction and renovation of roofs, balconies, etc.

Solar cells continue to have a relatively long payback at higher latitudes, though the economic payback of solar cells in recent Solar cells are used in electricity production to the extent that it is energy- years has evolved in a favorable direction, and environmentally beneficial and economically viable. as a result of rising energy prices and lower

prices for solar cells. Continued research Strategy and development of solar cells are expected eventually to make solar cells more competitive in Denmark. By 2020, a minimum of 5,000 m2 solar power plants in Aalborg is installed.

Aalborg Municipality’s Sustainability Stra- In 2030 electricity production from solar cells constitutes of minimum tegy 2008-2011 includes a target to install at Goal around 1% of total electricity consumption. least 5,000 m2 of solar cells by 2020. Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry Solar panels should appro- In connection with low ener- Investigate the possibility of priately be integrated aest- gy requirements in district the establishment of private hetically and architecturally heating areas the integrati- solar guilds including the in buildings in relation to on of solar cells in buildings establishment and location new buildings and renovati- are recommended. [NT38] of large solar power plants. ons of buildings. [R 26] [U 22]

Solar heat

The potential for solar heat in Denmark is quite significant. Solar heat can be used both in individual plants, which supply the individual house or property and public facilities that provide for a district heating system.

Typically, there is a significant financial benefit from collective facilities in relation to Solar power is as a starting point used for domestic hot water and space individual installations. heating in areas without district heating supply.

Nationwide, the number of large solar plants Collective solar heat plants are used to generate base loads in decentralized district heating systems and can be used as an alternative to biomass. for district heating plants has increased sig- Strategy nificantly in recent years. It has proven to be both an environmentally and an economically attractive solution to combine oil, natural By 2030 solar heat (possibly in combination with heat pumps) is included as gas, or biomass based district heating, with a base load for all heating outside the public service areas. solar heat. Collective solar heating systems Goal require large heat storage for both daily and seasonal storage. Most decentralized heating systems already possess storage tanks, Retningslinjer New initiatives Inquiry which can be used for day storage. Today In connection with heat The possibilities for the Ulsted Heating Plant is the only plant in the planning, socio-economic establishment of private Municipality that has a large solar heat plan and environmental assess- joint solar heat plants (pos- totaling 5,000 m2. ments of the use of solar sibly combined with heat heating systems in both in- pump plants) should be exa- There is still great potential in individual so- dividual and collective facili- mined during the heat plan- lar systems in areas without public supply. ties are carried out. ning. [U 23] In these areas it can be combined with solar [NT39] heat pump systems. In connection with heat- planning guidelines for the use of solar heat in areas outside the collective supply areas are developed. [NT40]

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 27 Energy supply

Heat pumps

Heat pumps for both individual, collective, and industrial heating combined with heat storage can be used in relation to the regulation of varying electricity production from wind turbines and will therefore be one of the options when the municipality must free itself from fossil fuels.

Large heat pumps in district heating systems will be simplest to use as regulating plants, but also smaller individual heat pump systems are expected eventually to contribute to the regulation of electricity consumption. It requires, however, that the necessary heat storage and automatic control options are present. It will also require a more flexible Expansion of heat pumps with the possibility of heat storage to ensure ne- pricing policy that makes it more attractive cessary regulatory options for electricity production from wind turbines to use electricity, for example, to transfer should be secured. energy to heat pumps in times with large supplies of electricity. Smaller heat pumps for individual domestic hot water and space heating systems used in areas without public supply should be applied.

Strategy Large heat pumps in district heating systems should be used in connection with the adjustment of electricity production from wind turbines and in the exploitation of terrestial heat, geothermal, etc. in collective installations.

In 2030, 750 TJ of total heat demand is expected to be supplied with heat pumps. By 2030 heat pumps (possibly in combination with solar heating) repre- Goal sents the primary heating of buildings outside the public service areas.

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry In connection with heat- In connection with heat- planning, guidance for the planning, socio-economic use of heat pumps in areas and environmental assess- outside the collective supply ments of the use of heat areas is developed. [R 27] pumps in both individual and collective facilities is carried out. [NT 41]

28 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Energy supply

Cooling

Energy demand for cooling has increased significantly in recent years. This applies especially to large buildings such as shopping centers, office buildings, hotels, and hospitals.

District cooling can in some cases be an alternative to more energy-consuming individual installations. District cooling is generally not an option for municipally-owned companies as it currently is not legal for municipalities to guarantee loans to local companies operating cooling systems.

A large part of the cooling load in buildings can be based on the sun, since solar energy will often be present on hot summer days when the cooling needs are greatest.

Energy for cooling should as far as possible be minimized and supplied by renewable energy. Electricity-based refrigeration systems should generally have the possibiliy of cooling storage in order to ensure optimal utilization of electricity pro-

Strategy duction from wind turbines.

No specific goals before 2015. Goal

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry For larger building projects The scope for increased use socio-economic and env- of renewable energy plants ironmental assessments of based on solar energy for major climate-friendly refri- cooling must be examined. geration, for example in con- [U24] nection with the new hospital in Aalborg East, should The possibilities for the be carried out. [NT 42] establishment of district cooling plants should be examined. [U 25]

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 29 Transport

Transport

A significant part of the total CO2 emissions stem from the transport sector. Especial road transport and personal transport weighs heavily in the accounts. Car traffic has historically been constantly increasing, with the ex- ception of the periods of the energy crises of the 1970s. In recent years, according to the Danish Road Directo- rate, the car traffic index shows a slightly stagnating trend.

The transport sector’s share of Aalborg’s to- • Development of technology: It can often be advantageous to use public tal CO2 emissions is calculated using the CO2 Improving vehicle and fuel technology transport for trips to the city center. The bus calculator, as discussed elsewhere in the cli- can contribute to a reduction of CO2 takes you right into the center and you avoid mate strategy. The share is estimated at ap- emissions through better fuel economy having to look for free parking and the ex- proximately 495,000 tonnes of CO2, equiva- and fuel with little or no CO2 emissions, pense that is often associated with parking lent to nearly 33% of the municipality’s total including second generation biofuels. in city center. emissions and 2.5 tonnes per year per inha- bitant in the municipality. The account inclu- • Shift to alternative modes of transport: By choosing the bike it benefits not only des transport by domestic flights, ships and Improving the competitiveness of, for the climate, but also your own health. Make trains and all transportation on the roads example, public transport and cyclists it a good habit that kids take their bikes to in the municipality, cars and other passen- can migrate traffic from passenger traf- school instead of being driven. ger transport, public transport, and freight fic to alternative modes of non-motori- transport. The share from road transport sed transport, thus contributing to redu- In larger workplaces, it can often be advan- amounts to approx. 395,000 tons of the total cing CO2 emissions. tageous to have carpooling schemes with municipal emissions and from this passen- colleagues. By running several together the ger transport emits approx. 272,000 tons, The climate strategy focuses on the major climate is spared, while the cost for driving is equivalent to 18% of the municipality’s total priorities: Improving public transport, more divided over more people. emissions. cyclists, limitation of private car use, and the development of more environmentally friendly vehicles. Public transport To achieve a CO2-neutral transport system, it is expected, in addition to switching to electricity produced from renewable energy As citizens of Aalborg, individuals can help Cyclism/ cycling sources as a fuel, that it is necessary to to reduce CO2 emissions from the transport reduce passenger transport, because the sector, as it is individual transport that is ambition to be self-sufficient in renewable most important in the financial statements. Transport by private car energy sets a limit to the proportion that can Every time you are considering taking your be allocated the transport sector. car, you should consider whether you could have used alternative means of transport for Environmetally friendly The Energy Vision 2050 (Energivision) pa- the trip. vehicle ves the way for a share of 50% of personal transport by car, 10% by bicycle and the remaining 40% of public transport. Current modal share is, respectively, 75% (cars), 5% (bike) and 20% (public transport).

In transport, there are generally three different types of instruments that can reduce CO2 emissions:

• Reduced transportation needs: Through urban planning we can work to densify cities in order to create smaller distances for different trafficgenera- ting functions such as jobs, shopping, etc. and improve the basis for public transport. At the state level, a change of transport allowance scheme to make it more attractive to live near workplaces with shorter driving distances and reduced CO2 emission as a positive co- benefit.

30 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Transport

Public transport

Passenger transport modal share has over the last 10 years has fallen. In an overall growing market with more transport, public transport lost market share to passenger cars and bicycles. In Aalborg, buses and trains have around 8% of the local share of personal trips.

A doubling of the public transport share of passenger transport will require a massive Public transport must be improved by increasing the supply, frequency, tra- local focus on more bus departures with less vel speed and reliability so that public transport is always perceived as an friction through more roads allocated to bu- attractive alternative to the private car ses and bus lanes and signal priority. In the CO2 accounts for public transport in Aalborg Municipality will contribute

long term, light rail will be needed to handle Strategy positively to the municipality’s total CO2 accounts. the increased share of transportation work. A number of national means are necessary, as it will be necessary to supplement with re- strictions on private cars. The market share of public transport should be doubled to 40% by 2050 through investments in improved bus services and rail-bound transport Ensuring 1-hour travel time between the services in Aalborg and Nørresundby (light rail). major cities in Denmark, making it possible to The market share of the busiest routes for public transport will be incre- get from Copenhagen to Aalborg in 3 hours, ased by 2% annually in each plan period. will also move people from cars and planes to public transport. The electrification of the Goal Increasing the frequency of the lines that are not lane-used, and increased railway all the way to Aalborg will mean that accessibility for buses on routes where it is difficult to get through. you can use environmentally friendly electricity instead of fossil fuel based means. The use of renewable energy in the buses in public transport should in 2020 be at least 50% of the total consumption of the fuel mix. Local measures to lessen the friction of public transport, as light rail and bus lanes will be needed and public transport must increa- Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry singly be incorporated into the settlement Partnerships with a view Projects for improved ac- A possible light rail to serve and location of enterprises and the future to the establishment of cessibility for buses [see the the corridor between Aal- municipal road development planning. Public commuter plans for larger report ”Forbedret busfrem- borg Central City and the transport must be used more efficiently, to companies should be estab- kommelighed i Aalborg” University Hospital in Aal- ensure energy efficiency per seat, which is lished. [R 28] (specific projects, 1 project borg East is explored. [U 26] better than private cars. in each plan period)], must Projects for the Investiga- Placing of new neighbor- be carried out. [NT 43] hoods and densification of tion of improved accessibility of public transport over pri- the city around the main The frequency on selected vate motorists, including on public transport corridors. bus routes will be increased. the stretch between Aalborg New districts and expansion [NT 44] Central City and City South plans are made taking into in Skalborg, must be carried account public transport. Several roads have car traf- out. [U 27] [R 29] fic downgraded / removed It should be examined Public transport serving new in order to upgrade the bus whether less expensive fa- neighborhoods and dense service. res in public transport will urban areas before the di- [NT 45] increase the number of pas- stricts are fully developed, if sengers. Experience shows necessary, with new routes. that reduced tariffs by 25%, there will result in 5% more [R 30] passengers in buses. Tariffs In the short term, bus routes have the last decade increased approximately three must be adjusted and exten- times as much as the general ded in relation to changing price movement and half as travel patterns, new busines- much as the price of gaso- ses, and re-developed sett- line. [U 28] lements. The focus is on the major travel flows. Frequen- It should be determined cy increases significantly, whether to establish bus especially during rush hour, lanes / light rail / tram in so there is enough room on corridors with major travel flows. The potential of such the bus. [R 31] following lines need to be as- Climate considerations sessed: Downtown - Kastetvej should be included in the Downtown - Skalborg planning of the municipal Downtown - Nørresundby to driving (referred through the airport or No Uttrup Kørselskontoret) and route Downtown - Vejgård - Aal- planning for public trans- borg east. port (road map). [R 32] [U 29]

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 31 Transport

Cyclism/ cycling

Aalborg Municipality adopted the Biking Action Plan in 2009. Here the focus is on good and safe options for transportation by bicycle. The plan will help to ensure that local cyclists continue to see the bicycle as a good means of transportation, and that new cyclists can choose the bicycle as an alternative to short car trips.

The Biking Action Plan contains a number of bicycle projects in urban and rural areas prioritized in relation to road safety, school, roads, comfort and consistency with the overall paths network. The list is a departure point for the next four years of development of new bike paths. The plan is revised every 4 years.

Via the ARCHIMEDES project a city-bike The conditions for cyclists will be improved by increasing accessibility and scheme and bicycle commuter service bet- improved safety, security as well as service through a focus on commuter ween Aalborg Central City and the university routes and promotion of cycling. is established. Strategy

The concept ‘bike commuter route’ is carried on in the project ‘Aalborg as a cycling city’, The number of cyclists in Aalborg should be increased by 10% by 2020 com- as well as a focus on increased services and pared to 2007 levels, when the bike was responsible for 15% of trips. information for cyclists. The project focuses The share of trips by the bicycle of the total transport will in 2050 be doub- on improving cycling conditions in central Goal Aalborg and especially to move the shor- led to 10%. ter commuting trips under 5 km from car to bi-cycle. Bicycle commuter routes between Aalborg Central City and City South and bet- Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry ween Aalborg Midtby and Gug / Visse should The action plan for bicycle There must be conducted at be establish. Bicycle commuter routes shall path infrastructure, will be least one cycle track project provide a network of bicycle routes with adjusted every 4. Year. [33] from the Biking Action plan high traffic flows, road safety, and service in each planning period. initiatives for cyclists. New bicycle parking, For new local plans, stan- [NT 46] particularly in the city center, and service fa- dards for bicycle parking cilities such as air pump and water fountains (see the municipal plan) After the project “Aalborg should be establish. should be incorporated in as Cycling City but by 2020 order to ensure sufficient at the latest, the estab- parking. [R 34] lishment of the remaining bicycle commuter routes to Aalborg Airport and Bouet is initiated. [NT 47]

Efforts should be made to maintain Aalborg as a cycling city as a future brand. [NT 48]

32 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Transport

Road transport

Although there are efficiency improvements within energy use and conversion to fossil-fuel free energy in the transport sector, it is also necessary to limit the growth in passenger transport if there should be adequate local renewable energy resources. Motorists must be motivated to use other modes of transport, while the alternative transport modes are improved cf. the prece- ding sections.

At the national level, there must be efforts to change the rules about transport allowance to reduce the level of commuting to and from local jobs. In addition, a shift in ta- Transport by private cars should be reduced, while maintaining an accepta- xation, so it costs less to buy a car, but more ble passability. to drive a car, will have a significant effect in the reduction in passenger transport. Strategy

The modal share of the car within the overall transport system must be reduced from 75% to 50% in 2050. Goal

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry The road infrastructure plan Pass ability on the overall The possibilities for the will be adjusted every 4. roads seeks to be optimi- establishment of road pri- year. [35] zes through Information cing in Aalborg to restrict technology systems(ITS) to passenger transport in the The Traffic and environmen- improve energy efficiency by city is to be examined, so the tal action plan is replaced by driving. [49] work has started if the legal a Mobility strategy by 2012. framework is altered to al- [36] Pass ability on the overall low for road pricing. [U 30] roads seeks to be optimizes through Information Before 2015, studies of new technology systems(ITS) to methods and measures to improve energy efficiency by reduce car journeys should driving. [NT 50] be carried out. [U 31]

Good and useful informa- It should be examined tion on alternative modes whether the regulation of of transport and pass ability parking supply through ma- on the road, will be offered. ximum parking standards [51] instead of minimum standards can be brought into A Freight strategy will be play as a tool. [U32] devolped in 2011-12. [52]

In cooperation with industry, commuter plans for all major companies should be developed. [NT 53]

The parking action plan will be launched in 2012. [54]

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 33 Transport

Environmentally friendly vehicle

According to Energy Vision 2050, the vehicle fleet is expected to consist of electric and hybrid cars, and synthe- tic fuels. Moreover, the technology must be sufficiently developed, and the electric cars are to be massproduced in a competitive price range, the infrastructure must also be in place.

Aalborg Municipality will promote the use of environmentally friendly vehicles by favoring them in municipal traffic planning. Strategy

In 2050, all passenger transport should be carried out with CO2-neutral energy. Goal

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry In cooporation with pri- There should be an analy- vate actors the municipality sis of how the municipality tests electric cars in 2011 can help to promote the use and 2012 and installation of environmentally friendly of charge stations will be vehicles, including the con- explored. struction of charging sta- [NT 55] tions and free parking for electric vehicles. [U 33]

The guidelines for the establishment of various refueling facilities and to ascertain whether those facilities and locations are in line with the municipal plan and other planning to provide a flexible approach when interest appears to installations.[U34]

34 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation EnergiforsyningTransport

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 35 Forestry

Forestry

Afforestation

Afforestation will influence CO2 accounts in a positive direction, because the trees bind CO2.

New forests absorb CO2 from the atmosphere during their early growing period when they produce leaves, stems and roots. A be- Increase in forest and wetlands must be coordinated with the municpal ech, for example annually absorbs and ties strategy to combat the reduction in biodiversity. 3-4 tonnes of CO2 from the atmosphere. Strategy

Established forests are not relevant for CO2 accounts, because the stock of CO2 here is fairly constant. Woodfuels also reduce CO2 The municipality’s share of forest should be doubled to 12% of the total emissions to the atmosphere, because they municipal area within three generations (2070). replace fossil fuels and because wood is CO2 neutral since they emit the same amount Goal The municipality’s share of forest and wetlands must be doubled by 2030 in of CO2 by burning as they absorbed during such a way that also ensures higher levels of biodiversity. growth.

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry Seeding of new and ma- The municipality must plan Assess whether to further nagement of existing fore- for and purchase land for af- carry out afforestation in sts should be based on a forestation in order to dou- the future that must be co- plan to maximize variation ble the forest area by 2030. ordinated with the increased and thus biodiversity. The The aim must be to prevent demand for bio-mass produ- same principles apply to the fragmentation of natural ction. [U 35] management of wetlands. areas and help stop the cli- [R 37] mate and societal decline It should be examined in bio-diversity. A greater whether afforestation for species richness and varia- the production of fuel can be tion in the Danish country- compatible with internatio- side contributes in a positive nally agreed requirements of direccion to CO2 accounts. halting the decline in biodi- [NT 56] versity. [U 36]

36 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Agriculture

Agriculture

Removing farmland in marginal areas provides significant CO2 reductions and is an option as yield potentials on these soils are relatively low.

At the same time, there are significant environmental co-benefits in terms of reduced Agriculture must provide biomass for energy supply and even contribute to nitrogen leaching, the possibility of incre- increased energy efficiency. ased biodiversity and thus help to achieve good ecological status, as required by the Cultivation of agricultural land must be CO2-effective and contribute to the achievement of good eco-logical status. national water and environmental plans. The Strategy total cultivated area of marginal land with high carbon content is about 32.000 hecta- res (ha). It is estimated that about 21.000 ha Energy use in agricultural production should be reduced by 50% through of the total is part of the normal operation energy savings and improve-ments in energy use until 2050 so as to achie- of agricultural properties. It is assumed that ve a 15% reduction in consumption by 2020 compared to 2010. approx half of this area will be removed from Goal There must by 2020 be removed 10.000ha from marginal agricultural areas cultivation by 2020, resulting in a reduction with high carbon content. potential of 100.000t CO2 - equivalent/year.

Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry In connection with environ- The establishment of wet- In the first planning period, mental approvals and regu- lands, which is one of the a detailed knowledge of op- latory decisions in relation initiated measures in the portunities to promote CO2 to environmental and con- national water plan, is prio- efficient agricultural produ- struction energysaving mea- ritized so that the munici- ction is to be established. sures implemented through pality establishes as many [U 37] requirements and co-ope- wetlands as possible. The ration should be sought as estab-lishment will be finan- it should be resolved in the ced by the state if the wet- extent to which agriculture lands remove sufficiently can be used in production of high nitrogen. The establish- biomass. [R38] ment of wetlands should be initiated by the municipality, In catchments areas to Na- but also in cooperation with tura 2000 areas, the use of farms as project owners. In manure from agricultural both cases, the establish- for biogas is intensified as ment will be based on close much as possible. [R 39] and voluntary cooperation with the farms. [NT 57]

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 37 Partnerships

Partnerships

A broad cooperation between the municipality, university and the private sector is essential for the vision and Climate Smart energy solutions - Project goals on climate change to be achieved. Today, there PRINCIP are a number of partnerships that aim to reduce energy Many sustainable energy solutions often consumption, create climate-friendly products, and en- have difficulties to get realized. It is due to hance the business environmental profile and thus com- a number of inappropriate barriers and mis- petitiveness. sing intersectoral coordination. The project PRINCIP is a Scandinavian energy and environmental project in Northern Jutland with participation of Aalborg and Frederikshavn and Aalborg University - has the task to high- light potential climate-friendly energy sup- Network for Sustainable Business develop- and service companies are very visible in the ply, develop visions for such and identifying ment city, in conjunction with example companies, barriers to realization and provide inspira- Aalborg Municipality, in cooperation with an intensified effort in the field will support tion to act in relation thereto. This opens Aalborg University and 15 companies, has the ambitions to be conceived as a green and up an inter-scandinavian experience, where set up a network to identify green innovation attractive growth city, and it will indirectly North Jutlandic skills and knowledge are projects that strengthen corporate energy influence citizens to think about climate and brought into play. efficiency, development of climate-friendly the environment in their everyday lives. versions of existing products, and development of new green products. This collaboration will strengthen competitiveness and help the companies to increase their global markets. The cooperation will as well sup- In order to promote climate work in Aalborg Municipality, the municipality port companies in their efforts to ensure will work with stakeholders locally, nationally, and internationally. knowledge and funding for it. The work is an-

chored in each company in a business plan Strategy for sustainable development.

The project is now an integral part of env- In order to ensure the necessary information, dialogue and cooperation on ironmental work in Aalborg Municipality, but the climate challenge there must be before the end of 2011 established a in Aalborg alone there are 40 companies on climate forum, consisting of politicians, citizens, businesses and interest the waiting list who are ready to enter into groups. the cooperation if more resources are allocated to the project. Aalborg will be active and visible in Danish and European climate policy and participate actively in inter-national climate projects. Network for sustainable development of The Green store concept is spread to 50 stores annually in the period 2011- livestock production 2014, to include 250 shops in the municipality by 2016. Aalborg Municipality, together with 6 large livestock farms, LandboNord, Agri North, Goal The network for sustainable business expanded with a minimum of 10 and the Council of Agro Industry has estab- companies per year in the period 2011-2014 and the primary focus will be lished a network to develop a concept for a on energy efficiency, development of climate-friendly products, and the de- business plan for sustainable development velopment of cleantech products. of livestock production. Besides treating tra- ditional environmental impacts, nature ac- Through a coordinated biogas, agricultural, and heat planning the develop- tions, and establishing future development ment of biogas is supported to be an important element in business de- opportunities, the network will identify and velopment. possibly support green innovation projects, including initiatives to reduce energy con- Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry sumption. Aalborg Municipality joins Aalborg Municipality will Green Shops - Green City Aalborg. the Covenant of Mayors. work to develop a regional Today Aalborg has 45 green stores, which [NT 58] strategy for the implementa- each year complete 3 environmental initia- tion of the climate commis- tives in relation to their operations. In the Network for sustainable sion’s recommen-dations. municipality alone there is a potential of 250- devel-opment of livestock [U 38] 300 stores that will choose to be green. Ba- production is started in 2011 sed on the principle of many small streams, with special focus on energy energy savings in retail and service indu- efficiency. [NT 59] stries is reached. Since the shops, hotels,

38 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Climate education

Climate education

Children and young people must be involved in the climate effort in order to realize and maintain the energy saving effort that is necessary in order to achieve the goal of a fossil-fuel free municipality in 2050.

Children and young people in Aalborg must be trained to deal with climate change and understand its contexts. They must be All children and young people in educational institutions located in the mu- equipped to take climate responsible choices nicipality should through education have knowledge of the climate challen- in their everyday lives both at school and at ge and be made aware of climate-friendly behavior.

home. The climate skills they learn in school Strategy could be transferred and used at home and possibly kept for a lifetime. All schools in Aalborg must by 2015 have achieved certification as a Green Energy savings in schools is achieved both Flag Green School including conducting training in climate and energy through energy efficiency of school buildings savings. and through behavioral changes among tea- Aalborg Municipality will work towards having all educational institutions chers and students, so synergies are sought Goal between school energy management and located in the municipality by 2018, achieving certification as a Green Flag student instruction in specific science clas- Green School. ses and other disciplines where there exists the possibility of integrating the energy data, Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry environmental, and educational goals. Climate, energy and green Create a resource bank touches are implemented where links and inspiration into teaching in the public for instruction in energy and schools. [R 40] environment provides an overview of the opportuni- Energy management and ties that exist for teaching in energy use must be visible in external learning environ- the municipal schools. ments, school services, [R 41] other administration and educational initiatives which can support green teaching activities. [NT 60]

Climate courses for teachers and leaders at all public schools should be offered at minimum every two years. [NT 61]

The development of an Aal- borg model for sustainable schools based on Green Flag Green School system should be carried out. [NT 62]

A cooperation and partnership between Aalborg Municipality and educational institutions in the Municipa- lity is established, in order to create synergies between local targets on climate and environment and education. [NT 63]

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 39 Local green growth

Local green growth

The realization that we are facing major climate and environmental challenges means that energy and environment are important parameters of competition for businesses.

Companies that demonstrate climate-friendly production, develop energy efficient products, and develop cleantech products such as wind turbines and solar cells can Aalborg will expand cooperation with industry to promote climate-friendly achieve significant competitive advantages. and sustainable production and products. This is reflected in both the EU and the Da- nish government’s growth strategies, where Aalborg Municipality will actively utilise local expertise in the energy area great importance to future growth must be and have them translated into business benefits. based on / supported by fostering a ”climate- Aalborg wants to focus on energy and the environment by contributing to friendly resource-efficient and sustainable Strategy world-class networks and clusters by supporting the development of clean- Europe”. tech products, renewable energy technologies, and energy efficiency measures in companies. There is a direct correlation between the development of climate-friendly and green business in the municipality and the promotion of positive business development. Business Network Hub North should be further developed and strengthe- ned, so the North Jutlandic wind power industry continues to improve, in Aalborg has strong capabilities in energy order to cope with increasing global competition. and the environment, both professionally Through business network FleksEnergi, Aalborg and North Jutlandic skills and know-how that can be translated into within collective energy supply and district heating should be further de- Goal business benefits. Aalborg Municipality’s vi- veloped to ensure local solutions and technologies to achieve the goal of a sion of a fossil-fuel free municipality in 2050 fossil-fuel free municipality and to strengthen the competitiveness of en- requires a further development of these terprises. skills, which will enhance the visibility of Aalborg as a climate and energy responsible municipality and will be crucial for attrac- Guidelines New initiatives Inquiry ting business investment and recruitment of For all business advice in There will be a number of The potentials for export in qualified labor. Aalborg, climate and energy design projects on develop- relation to the use of rene- should be included as an ment of district heating so- wable energy sources in the integral part of the overall lutions based on local rene- collective heating must be advice. [R 42] wable energy sources. identified. [U 39] [NT 64] The local and regional The possibility of estab- business community in the New strategic partnerships lishing several business climate and energy sector between companies in the networks for climate and must be continuously invol- existing business network cleantech companies must ved in the planning of local FleksEnergi is to be develo- be examined. [U 40] business advice. [R 43] ped. [NT 65]

Collaborations between North Jutlandic companies in the wind energy industry and Aalborg University will be developed further. [NT 66]

40 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Implementating the strategi

Implementating the strategy

The strategy for climate mitigation uses strategy, goals, and proposes initiatives to reduce CO2 emissions.

The climate strategy is common to Aalborg Municipality and will span all municipal sectors. The climate strategy’s objectives and proposed actions should wherever possible be implemented through existing sectoral planning and associated action plans and the climate strategy to ensure that climate is thought into everything Aalborg is doing.

To ensure that the climate strategy is an- chored in the municipal organization and problem solving, including that the strategy guidelines are followed, the new measures will be initiated and knowledge gaps are identified for each initiative the responsible administration is pointed out, and is responsible for the project coordination and follow- up effort. It is simultaneously described, on which level efforts are expected to be further elaborated and translated into concrete action.

The total inventory of climate strategy initiatives concerning climate mitigation is re- ported in Tables 12.1, 12.2 and 12.3:

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 41 Tabel 12.1

Guidelines

Guideline Theme Plan Type Department Guideline description name R 1 Buildings Municipal and TMF There are basically demands for low energy local plans buildings in energy class 2015 in all local plans and major renovation projects, with effect from 2012, assuming a positive socio-economic R 2 Buildings Local plans TMF District heating is recommended as a starting point in all construction, where it is possible.

R 3 Buildings TMF, FV, SBU There shall be an ongoing opportunity to finance energy initiatives through the active involvement of the financial sector. R 4 Buildings Building TMF Energy-saving measures must be integrated in an permitting aesthetically and architecturally appropriate manner. R 5 Businesses Economic plan BF Climate promotion initiatives are an active part of the municipality's business efforts R 6 Businesses TMF Through networking with businesses and agriculture, energy efficiency and climate-friendly products will be promoted. R 7 Private All Energy advice must be included in all technical households authority processing of relevant cases in the municipal system. R 8 Climate-friendly Purchasing All Energy-using products purchased for Aalborg behaviour policies Municipality must comply with the Center for Energy Efficiency’s information on energy efficient purchases. R 9 Green IT IT strategy All All purchased PCs, printers and copiers must meet the criteria for EPEAT label, Nordic Swan, or equivalent environmental labeling and at all times the highest Energy Star level (currently 5) or equivalent. R 10 Street lighting TMF Technological progress is monitored closely and is expected in the coming years to produce solutions with greater energy efficiency than current. R 11 Street lighting TMF For the establishment of new and modernization of existing street lighting, Aalborg Municipality should utilise the best possible technologies(BAT) Guideline Theme Plan Type Department Guidelinein terms of description electricity consumption and operating name costs. R 112 BuildingsStreet lighting Municipal and TMF ThereBest avai arelable(BAT) basically demands technology for shall low beenergy put into local plans buildingsuse as soon in energyas it can class meet 2015 the in other all local technical plans and Climatemajorcriteria. Strategy renovation projects,-Mitigation with effect from 2012, R 13 Municipal Purchasing All assumingNewly purchased a positive municipal socio-economic passenger cars must R 2 Buildingstransport Localpolicies plans TMF Districtbe at least heating Energy is recommendedClass A. as a starting point R 14 Municipal SBU inIn allconnection construction, with wherethe offering it is possible. of the munici pal transport driving services (via the driving office) it shall be R 3 Buildings TMF, FV, SBU There shall be an ongoing opportunity to finance required that vehicles maximum CO2 emissions are energy initiatives through the active involvement at least equivalent to the requirements of the financial sector. municipality imposes on its own vehicles. R 4 Buildings Building TMF Energy-saving measures must be integrated in an R 15 Muncipal buildings All From 2012, Aalborg Municipality requires that all permitting aesthetically and architecturally appropriate municipal construction (new construction and manner. renovation) will be built as low-energy buildings, R 5 Businesses Economic plan BF Climate promotion initiatives are an active part of equivalent to energy class 2015 regulations, the municipality's business efforts assuming a positive economic return. R 616 BusinessesMuncipal buildings TMFAll ThroughMunicipal networking buildings located with businesses in the district and heating agriculture,areas shall be energy heated efficiency by district and heating. climate -friendly products will be promoted. R 17 Muncipal buildings All Municipal buildings located outside district heating R 7 Private All Energy advice must be included in all technical areas should be supplied by renewable energy by households authority processing of relevant cases in the 2050. municipal system. R 18 Muncipal buildings All Energy efficiency upgrades shoud be conducted in R 8 Climate-friendly Purchasing All Energy-using products purchased for Aalborg connection with building renovation projects. behaviour policies Municipality must comply with the Center for R 19 Muncipal buildings All EnergyAll new Efficiency’smunicipal buildings information will onbe energyequipped efficient with purchases.individual renewable energy, like solar power, R 9 Green IT IT strategy All Allequivalent purchased to atPCs, least printers 10% of and the copiers building's must total meet theenergy criteria consumption. for EPEAT label, Nordic Swan, or R 20 Muncipal buildings All equivalentEnergy-saving environmental measures must labeling be integrated and at all intimes an theaesthetically highest Energy and architecturally Star level (curr appropriateently 5) or equivalent.fashion. R 1021 StreetMuncipal lighting buildings TMFAll TechnologicalAll new and conversion progress isbuilding monitored projects closely of moreand is expectedthan 500 m2in the shall coming be screened years to to produce ensure thatsolutions the withbest economicgreater energy and energy efficiency-efficient than current.options are chosen. The screening is carried out both in the R 11 Street lighting TMF Forproject the screeningestablishment and designof new phases. and modernization R 22 District heating Heating plan, FV ofStrategic existing energy street planninglighting, Aalborgmust be Municipalitycontinuously Energy plan shouldimplemented utilise thefor Aalborg.best possible technologies(BAT) in terms of electricity consumption and operating R 23 Biofuel Heating plan FV costs.In heat planning and strategic energy planning R 12 Street lighting TMF BestAalborg avai Municipalitylable(BAT) technology must as far shall as possible be put into ensure usea market as soon for as biogas it can in meet order the to otherdisplace technical fossil fuels. R 24 Geothermal Heating plan FV criteria.In the con text of energy and heat planning, there R 13 Municipalheating Purchasing All Newlywill be purchaseda running focus municipal on when passenger it is socio cars- must transport policies beeconomically at least Energy and environmentallyClass A. optimal to implement geothermal heat.

R 25 Windmills Aalborg Municipality will in all permit processing promote local development of wind power and the use of wind energy. R 26 Solar cells Building TMF Solar panels should be integrated in an permitting aesthetically and architecturally appropriate manner for new construction, alterations, and renovations of buildings. R 27 Heat pumps Heating plan FV In the heat planning Aalborg Municipality will draw

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation up guidelines for the use of heat pumps in areas 43

Climate Strategy-Mitigation

R 14 Municipal SBU In connection with the offering of the municipal transport driving services (via the driving office) it shall be required that vehicles maximum CO2 emissions are at least equivalent to the requirements municipality imposes on its own vehicles. R 15 Muncipal buildings All From 2012, Aalborg Municipality requires that all municipal construction (new construction and renovation) will be built as low-energy buildings, equivalent to energy class 2015 regulations, assuming a positive economic return. R 16 Muncipal buildings All Municipal buildings located in the district heating areas shall be heated by district heating. R 17 Muncipal buildings All Municipal buildings located outside district heating areas should be supplied by renewable energy by 2050. R 18 Muncipal buildings All Energy efficiency upgrades shoud be conducted in connection with building renovation projects. R 19 Muncipal buildings All All new municipal buildings will be equipped with individual renewable energy, like solar power, equivalent to at least 10% of the building's total energy consumption. R 20 Muncipal buildings All Energy-saving measures must be integrated in an aesthetically and architecturally appropriate fashion. R 21 Muncipal buildings All All new and conversion building projects of more than 500 m2 shall be screened to ensure that the best economic and energy-efficient options are chosen. The screening is carried out both in the project screening and design phases. R 22 District heating Heating plan, FV Strategic energy planning must be continuously Energy plan implemented for Aalborg. R 23 Biofuel Heating plan FV In heat planning and strategic energy planning Aalborg Municipality must as far as possible ensure a market for biogas in order to displace fossil fuels. R 24 Geothermal Heating plan FV In the context of energy and heat planning, there heating will be a running focus on when it is socio- economically and environmentally optimal to implement geothermal heat.

R 25 Windmills Aalborg Municipality will in all permit processing promote local development of wind power and the use of wind energy. R 26 Solar cells Building TMF Solar panels should be integrated in an permitting Climateaesthetically Strategy and architecturally-Mitigation appropriate Guideline Theme Plan Type Department Guidelinemanner for description new construction, alterations, and name renovations of buildings. R 127 BuildingsHeat pumps MunicipalHeating plan and TMFFV ThereInoutside the areheat the basically planningcollective demands Aalborg district forMunicipalityheating low energy supply will areas. draw local plans buildingsup guidelines in energy for the class use 2015 of heat in allpumps local inplans areas and R 28 Public transport TMF majorEstablish renovation partnerships projects, with witha view effect to the from 2012, assumingestablishment a positive of commuter socio-economic plans for larger

R 2 Buildings2 Local plans TMF Districtcompanies. heating is recommended as a starting point R 29 Public transport Municipal plan TMF inLocating all construction, new neighborhoods where it is andpossible. densification of the city around the public transport corridors. New R 3 Buildings TMF, FV, SBU There shall be an ongoing opportunity to finance districts and development plans are made with energy initiatives through the active involvement consideration for public transport. of the financial sector. R 4 Buildings Building TMF Energy-saving measures must be integrated in an permitting aesthetically and architecturally appropriate R30 Public transport SBU manner.Public transport serving new neighborhoods and R 5 Businesses Economic plan BF Climatedense urban promotion areas withininitiatives the aredistricts an active are fully part of thedeveloped, municipality's if necessary, business with efforts new routes. R 6 Businesses TMF Through networking with businesses and R 31 Public transport Collective SBU agriculture,In the short energyterm, bus efficiency routes mandust climate be adjusted-friendly and transport plan productsextended will in relation be promoted. to changing transport habits, R 7 Private All Energynew businesses advice must and bchangese included in settle in all -technicalment households authoritypatterns. Theprocessing focus is of on relevant the major cases travel in the flows. municipalFrequency system. increases significantly, especially during R 8 Climate-friendly Purchasing All Energyrush hour,-using so productsthere is enough purchased room for on Aalborg the bus. R 32 behaviourPublic transport policies SBU MunicipalityClimate considerations must comply in the with planning the Center of municipal for Energydriving (throughEfficiency’s the information driving office) on energyand route efficient purchases.planning for public transport. R 9 Green IT IT strategy All All purchased PCs, printers and copiers must meet R 33 Cycling TMF theThe criteriaaction planfor EPEAT for bicycle label, path Nordic infrastructure, Swan, or will equivalentbe adjusted environmental every 4. Year labeling and at all times the highest Energy Star level (currently 5) or equivalent. R 34 Cycling Local plans TMF For new local plans standards are incorporated for R 10 Street lighting TMF Technological progress is monitored closely and is bicycle parking in accordance with the municipal expected in the coming years to produce solutions plan, thus ensuring sufficient parking. with greater energy efficiency than current. R 35 Road transport TMF The road infrastructure plan will be adjusted every R 11 Street lighting TMF For the establishment of new and modernization 4. year of existing street lighting, Aalborg Municipality R 36 Road transport TMF shouldThe Traffic utilise and the environmental best possible actiontechnologies plan is (BAT) inreplaced terms ofby electricity a Mobility consumption strategy by 2012 and operating costs. R 1237 StreetForestry lighting Afforestation TMF BestPlanting avai oflable(BAT) new and technology management shall of beexisting put into plan useforests as soon should as be it canbased meet on thea plan other to maximizetechnical criteria.variation and thus biodiversity. The same principles R 13 Municipal Purchasing All Newlyapply to purchased the management municipal of passenger wetlands. cars must R 38 transportAgriculture policies TMF beIn the at least context Energy of environmental Class A. permits and authority decisions in relation to environmental and construction energy-saving measures Climateimplemented Strategy throug-Mitigationh requirements and cooperation should be sought to the the extent

that agriculture can be used in production of biomass.

R 39 Agriculture TMF In catchments to the marine Natura 2000 areas, the conversion of manure to agricultural biogas is 44 the conversionAalborg of Municipality manure to Climate agricultural Strategy biogas - Mitigation is sought as much as possible. R 40 Climate education SKO Climate, energy and green approach shall be considered in teaching within the public schools. R 41 Climate education SKO Energy management and energy use must be visible in the municipal schools. R 42 Local green Economic plan BF/TMF For all business advice in Aalborg, climate and growth energy should be included as an integral part of the overall advice. R 43 Local green Economic plan BF/TMF The local and regional business community in the growth climate and energy sector must be continuously involved in the planning of local business advice.

New Initiatives New Theme Plan type Department Initiative description Initiative NT 1 Buildings Building TMF/FV Carry out energy screening of all construction permitting projects over 1,500 m2 before granting planning permission to ensure the best energy solutions. NT 2 Buildings Building TMF Random testing of new construction and major permitting renovation must ensure that the building meets the existing energy requirements. NT 3 Buildings TMF Conduct demonstration projects for energy- efficient town / district / settlements. NT 4 Buildings Heating plan FV An expected ban on the installation of oil-fired boilers for space heating examined and incorporated into the heat planning. NT 5 Buildings TMF/FV Building owners are encouraged to use the energy companies’ offer of thermography of the city's buildings and targeted energy advice. NT 6 Businesses TMF The Municipality will, in cooperation with energy companies as part of environmental monitoring issue guidance on energy efficiency opportunities. NT 7 Businesses TMF Starting from 2012 a collaboration with the North Jutland banks to develop climate-friendly counselling and loan opportunities for companies and financial assessment tools that promote green growth will be in place.

Climate Strategy-Mitigation

biomass.

Guideline Theme Plan Type Department Guideline description name R 13 9 BuildingsAgriculture Municipal and TMF ThereIn catchments are basically to the demands marine Naturafor low 2000energy areas, local plans buildingsthe conversion in energy of manure class 2015 to agricultural in all local plansbiogas and is majorsought renovation as much as projects, possible. with effect from 2012, R 40 Climate education SKO assumingClimate, energy a positive and sociogreen-economic approach shall be R 2 Buildings Local plans TMF Districtconsidered heating in teaching is recommended within the as public a starting schools. point in all construction, where it is possible. R 41 Climate education SKO Energy management and energy use must be R 3 Buildings TMF, FV, SBU Therevisible shallin the be municipal an ongoing schools. opportunity to finance R 42 Local green Economic plan BF/TMF energyFor all business initiatives advice through in Aalborg, the active climate involvement and growth ofenergy the financial should be sector. included as an integral part of R 4 Buildings Building TMF Energythe overall-saving advice. measures must be integrated in an R 43 Local green permittingEconomic plan BF/TMF aestheticallyThe local and and regional architecturally business community appropriate in the growth manner.climate an d energy sector must be continuously R 5 Businesses Economic plan BF Climateinvolved promotion in the planning initiatives of local are business an active advice. part of the municipality's business efforts R 6 Businesses TMF Through networking with businesses and agriculture, energy efficiency and climate-friendly

products will be promoted. R 7 New InitiativesPrivate All Energy advice must be included in all technical households authority processing of relevant cases in the New Theme Plan type Department Initiative description municipal system. Initiative R 8 Climate-friendly Purchasing All Energy-using products purchased for Aalborg NT 1 Buildingsbehaviour Buildingpolicies TMF/FV MunicipalityCarry out energy must screening comply with of all the const Centerruction for permitting Energyprojects Efficiency’s over 1,500 information m2 before grantingon energy planning efficient purchases.permission to ensure the best energy solutions. RNT 9 2 BuildingsGreen IT BuildingIT strategy TMFAll AllRandom purchased testing PCs, of printers new construction and copiers and must major meet permitting therenovation criteria formust EPEAT ensure label, that Nordic the building Swan, or meets equivalentthe existing environmental energy requirements. labeling and at all times NT 3 Buildings TMF theConduct highest demonstration Energy Star level projects (curr forently energy 5) or- equivalent.efficient town / district / settlements. RNT 10 4 BuildingsStreet lighting Heating plan FVTMF TechnologicalAn expected ban progress on the is installationmonitored ofclosely oil-fired and is expectedboilers for in space the coming heating years examined to produce and solutions withincorporated greater energy into the efficiency heat planning. than current. NT 5 Buildings TMF/FV Building owners are encouraged to use the energy R 11 Street lighting TMF Forcompanies’ the establishment offer of thermography of new and modernization of the city's ofbuildings existing and street targeted lighting, energy Aalborg advice. Municipality NT 6 Businesses TMF shouldThe Municipality utilise the bestwill, inpossible cooperation technologies with energy(BAT) incomp termsanies of electricity as part of consumptionenvironmental and monitoring operating costs.issue guidance on energy efficiency opportunities. RNT 12 7 BusinessesStreet lighting TMFTMF BestStarting avai lable(BAT)from 2012 technologya collaboration shall with be put the into North useJutland as soon banks as to it candevelop meet climate the other-friendly technical criteria.counselling and loan opportunities for companies R 13 Municipal Purchasing All Newlyand financial purchased assessment municipal tools passenger that promote cars must green transport policies begrowth at least will Energy be in place.Class A.

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 45 Climate Strategy-Mitigation

biomass.

R 39 Agriculture TMF In catchments to the marine Natura 2000 areas, the conversion of manure to agricultural biogas is sought as much as possible. R 40 Climate education SKO Climate, energy and green approach shall be considered in teaching within the public schools. R 41 Climate education SKO Energy management and energy use must be visible in the municipal schools. R 42 Local green Economic plan BF/TMF For all business advice in Aalborg, climate and growth energy should be included as an integral part of the overall advice. R 43 Local green Economic plan BF/TMF The local and regional business community in the growth climate and energy sector must be continuously involved in the planning of local business advice. Tabel 12.2

New initiatives New Initiatives New Theme Plan type Department Initiative description Initiative NT 1 Buildings Building TMF/FV Carry out energy screening of all construction permitting projects over 1,500 m2 before granting planning permission to ensure the best energy solutions. NT 2 Buildings Building TMF Random testing of new construction and major permitting renovation must ensure that the building meets the existing energy requirements. NT 3 Buildings TMF Conduct demonstration projects for energy- efficient town / district / settlements. NT 4 Buildings Heating plan FV An expected ban on the installation of oil-fired boilers for space heating examined and incorporated into the heat planning. NT 5 Buildings TMF/FV Building owners are encouraged to use the energy companies’ offer of thermography of the city's buildings and targeted energy advice. NT 6 Businesses TMF The Municipality will, in cooperation with energy companies as part of environmental monitoring issue guidance on energy efficiency opportunities. NT 7 Businesses TMF ClimateStarting Strategy from 2012- Mitigationa collaboration with the North Jutland banks to develop climate-friendly counselling and loan opportunities for companies New Theme Plan type Department Initiativeand financial description assessment tools that promote green Initiative growth will be in place. NT 8 Private All Aalborg Municipality will work for a national tax households system that promotes "climate-friendly" behavior 4 of citizens NT 9 Private FV Cooperation with energy companies, builders, and

households contractors on energy saving campaigns. NT 10 Private SBU There should be competitions between households neighborhoods on energy savings.

NT 11 Private TMF Inform the public regularly about their potential households for energy savings through the green shops. NT 12 Private house- SBU Implement citizen involving climate projects, such holds as CO2 neutral village Fjellerad.

NT 13 Private house- FV/SBU Citizens must be involved and the individual holds household's CO2 footprint will be revealed. NT 14 Climate friendly All The use of electricity for municipal buildings, plant behave-ior and equipment (excluding user-financed areas) must come from new renewable energy plants.

NT 15 Green IT BF By the end of 2011, all administrative PCs in the Municipality related to Windows 7 platform, will be connected to a central control, such as sleep functions. NT 16 Green IT BF Server rooms designed with the utmost consideration to energy consumption and following guidance from the Centre for Energy. NT 17 Street lighting TMF Streetlights on roads, paths and squares in the municipality will be regularly renewed with new 46 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation energy efficient technologies using less power consumption. This Includes metal halide and CFL as well as the newer LED diode technology. NT 18 Street lighting TMF At traffic roads, BAT will be introduced when illumination requirements for this type of illumination solution can be achieved, and when the technology of light quality and total economic payback period of replacing and operating matches the other known light source technologies. NT 19 Street lighting TMF On residential streets, BAT will be introduced when the technology light quality and total economic payback period of replacing and operating matches the other known light source technologies. NT20 Street lighting TMF Traffic lightning will be changed to LED technology or the best avalible technology when they are renovated or renewed so all traffic lightning in the municipality will be changed by 2020.

Climate Strategy-Mitigation

New Theme Plan type Department Initiative description Initiative NT 8 Private All Aalborg Municipality will work for a national tax households system that promotes "climate-friendly" behavior of citizens NT 9 Private FV Cooperation with energy companies, builders, and households contractors on energy saving campaigns. NT 10 Private SBU There should be competitions between households neighborhoods on energy savings.

NT 15 Green IT BF By the end of 2011, all administrative PCs in the Municipality related to Windows 7 platform, will Climatebe connectedStrategy to a- centralMitigation control, such as sleep functions. NT 16 Green IT BF Server rooms designed with the utmost New Theme Plan type Department Initiativeconsideration description to energy consumption and Initiative following guidance from the Centre for Energy. NT 817 PrivateStreet lighting AllTMF AalborgStreetlights Municipality on roads, will paths work and for squares a national in the tax households systemmunicipality that promoteswill be regularly "climate renewed-friendly" with behavior new ofenergy citizens efficient technologies using less power NT 9 Private FV Cooperatconsumption.ion with This energy Includes companies, metal halide builders, and C FLand households contractorsas well as the on newer energy LED saving diode campaigns. technology. NT 1018 PrivateStreet lighting SBUTMF ThereAt traffic should roads, be BAT competitions will be introduced between when households neighborhoodsillumination requirements on energy savings.for this type of illumination solution can be achieved, and when NT 11 Private TMF Informthe technology the public of regularlylight quality about and their total p ecotentialonomic households forpayback energy period savings of replacingthrough the and green operating shops. NT 12 Private house- SBU Implementmatches the citizen other involvingknown light climate source projects, such holds astechnologies. CO2 neutral village Fjellerad. NT 19 Street lighting TMF On residential streets, BAT will be introduced NT 13 Private house- FV/SBU Citizens must be involved and the individual when the technology light quality and total holds household's CO2 footprint will be revealed. economic payback period of replacing and NT 14 Climate friendly All Theoperating use of matches electricity the for other municipal known buildings, light source plant behave-ior andtechnologies. equipment (excluding user-financed areas) must come from new renewable energy plants. NT20 Street lighting TMF Climate Traffic Strategy lightning will-Mitigation be changed to LED NT 15 Green IT BF Bytechnology the end ofor 2011,the best all administrativeavalible technology PCs in when the Municipalitythey are renovated related or to renewed Windows so 7 allplatform, traffic will New Theme Plan type Department Initiativelightning indescription the municipa lity will be changed by Initiative be connected to a central control, such as sleep functions.2020. NT21NT 16 StreetGreen lightingIT TMFBF OtherServer new rooms technologies designed with for controllingthe utmost lights will beconsideration tested for potential to energy energy consumption savings. and In 2011, 5 two new technologies for dimming were tested. following guidance from the Centre for Energy. NT 2217 MunicipalStreet lighting ÆLDTMF 10%Streetlights of the cars on roads, in municipality’s paths and squareselderly care in the transport divisionmunicipality must will by 2015be regularly be electric renewed cars. with new NT 23 Kommunal All Eachenergy of efficientthe municipality’s technologies administrations using less power should transport encourageconsumption. staff This to useIncludes public metal transport halide and and offer CFL bikesas well and as electricthe newer bikes LED to diode the greatest technology. extent NT 18 Street lighting TMF possibleAt traffic. roads, BAT will be introduced when NT 24 Municipal All Municipalillumination administrations requirements shouldfor this offertype employeesof transport withillumination official drivingsolution in can their be own achieved, car and and with when a drivingthe technology needs of of more light than quality 10,000 and totalkm per ec onomicyear a municipalpayback period vehicle of if replacing their vehicle and operatingdoes not meet thematches requirements the other of known the Energy light source Class A. NT 25 Municipal All Municipaltechnologies. employees with a significant work- NT 19 transportStreet lighting TMF relatedOn residential driving streets,requirement BAT will (> 5.000kmbe introduced per year) includedwhen the within technology the care light sector quality and and employees total witheconomic work -paybackrelated driving period (trucksof replacin andg contractors' and machinery)operating matches must un thedergo other a course known in light energy source efficienttechnologies. driving techniques. NTNT20 26 MunicipalStreet lighting TMF,TMF SBU By Traffic 2014 lightning there must will be be developed changed to a LEDsustainability Buildings manualtechnology describing or the bestthe goalsavalible and technology efforts in energy when - andthey environmentally are renovated or sound renewed municipal so all traffic constructionlightning in the and municipa design. lity will be changed by 2020. NT 27 Municipal All Energy Management should be implemented by Buildings the end of 2014 in all municipal buildings. 5 NT 28 Municipal All Before the end of each council term there must be Buildings established a long-term plan for energy Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 47 renovation of municipal buildings to an energy standard similar to the contemporary low-energy class.

NT 29 District heating Heating plan FV In connection with heat-planning in the current planning period societal, corporate and private economic and environmental assessments are carried out in relation to:

1) Different renewable technology solutions and local fossil-fuel free energy resources.

2) Establishment of transmission lines from the central district area to areas with decentralized district.

3) A conversion of heat supply from individual oil

Climate Strategy-Mitigation

New Theme Plan type Department Initiative description Initiative NT21 Street lighting TMF Other new technologies for controlling lights will be tested for potential energy savings. In 2011, two new technologies for dimming were tested. NT 22 Municipal ÆLD 10% of the cars in municipality’s elderly care transport division must by 2015 be electric cars. NT 23 Kommunal All Each of the municipality’s administrations should transport encourage staff to use public transport and offer bikes and electric bikes to the greatest extent possible. NT 24 Municipal All Municipal administrations should offer employees transport with official driving in their own car and with a driving needs of more than 10,000 km per year a municipal vehicle if their vehicle does not meet the requirements of the Energy Class A. NT 25 Municipal All Municipal employees with a significant work- transport related driving requirement (> 5.000km per year) included within the care sector and employees with work-related driving (trucks and contractors' machinery) must undergo a course in energy efficient driving techniques.

NT 26 Municipal TMF, SBU By 2014 there must be developed a sustainability Buildings manual describing the goals and efforts in energy - Climateand Strategy environmentally-Mitigation sound municipal construction and design. NT 27 Municipal All Energy Management should be implemented by New BuildingsTheme Plan type Department theInitiative end of description 2014 in all municipal buildings. Initiative NT 288 MunicipalPrivate All BeforeAalborg the Municipality end of each will council work forterm a nationalthere must tax be Buildingshouseholds establishedsystem that apromotes long-term "climate plan for-friendly" energy behavior renovationof citizens of municipal buildings to an energy NT 9 Private FV standardCooperat ionsimilar with to energy the contemporary companies, builders, low-energy and households class.contractors on energy saving campaigns. NT 10 Private SBU There should be competitions between NT 29 Districthouseholds heating Heating plan FV Inneighborhoods connection with on energyheat-planning savings. in the current planning period societal, corporate and private NT 11 Private TMF economicInform the and public environmental regularly about asse theirssments potential are households carriedfor energy out savings in relation through to: the green shops. NT 12 Private house- SBU ClimateImplement Strategy citizen- involvingMitigation climate projects, such 1) Different renewable technology solutions and holds as CO2 neutral village Fjellerad. local fossil-fuel free energy resources. NewNT 13 ThemePrivate house- Plan type DepartmentFV/SBUClimate InitiativeCitizens Strategy must description be involved-Mitigation and the individual Initiative holds 2)hous Establishmentehold's CO2 offootprint transmission will be lines revealed. from the central district area to areas with decentralized NT 14 Climate friendly All andThe naturaluse of electricity-gas for heating for municipal to district buildings, heating. plant New Themebehave -ior Plan type Department Initiativedistrict.and equipment description (excluding user-financed areas) Initiative 3)must A conversion come from of new heat renewable supply from energy individual plants. oil and natural-gas for heating to district heating. NT 15 Green IT BF By the end of 2011, all administrative PCs in the NT 30 Biofuels Municipal plan TMF InMunicipality the municipal related plan to (addition) Windows areas 7 platform, with will opportunitybe connected for to placements a central control, of biogas such plants as sleep are

6 identified.functions. NT 3016 BiofuelsGreen IT Municipal plan TMFBF InServer the municipal rooms designed plan (addition) with the areas utmost with NT 31 Biofuels Municipal plan TMF As part of the environmental approval scheme, opportunityconsideration for to placements energy consumption of biogas plantsand are biogas production is promoted by motivating identified.following guidance from the Centre for Energy. NT 17 Street lighting TMF agricultureStreetlights to on deliver roads, their paths manure and squares to biogas. in the NT 31 Biofuels Municipal plan TMF Asmunicipality part of the will environmental be regularly approvalrenewed scheme,with new NT 32 Biofuels Municipal plan TMF biogasAreasenergy in production efficient the municipality technologies is promoted are designated using by motivating less power where it agriculturewouldconsumption. be appropriate to deliverThis Includes their to grow manure metal ener halide togy biogas.crops. and CFL as well as the newer LED diode technology. NT 333218 BiofuelsGeometricStreet lighting heat MunicipalHeating Plan plan TMFFV AreasInAt connection traffic in the roads, municipality with BAT heat will- planning beare introduced designated a strategy when where for it wouldtheillumination use be of appropriate geothermal requirements toheat grow for in Aalborgthisener typegy crops. of illumination solution can be achieved, and when Municipality will be determined. the technology of light quality and total economic NT 33 Geometric heat Heating Plan FV In connection with heat-planning a strategy for NT 34 Wind turbines Municipal plan TMF Apayback wind turbine period plan of replacing (addition and to theoperating municipal the use of geothermal heat in Aalborg plan),matches which the pointsother knownout new light wind source turbine areas Municipality will be determined. thattechnologies. can ensure the development of necessary NT 3419 WindStreet turbines lighting Municipal plan TMF AwindOn wind residential power turbine is carriedstreets, plan (addition out. BAT will to be the introduced municipal plan),when whichthe technology points out light new quality wind turbineand total areas NT 35 Wind turbines Municipal plan SBU/TMF Once every 4 years energy companies and thateconomic can ensure payback the period development of replacin of necessaryg and stakeholdersoperating matches from the the municipality other known are light invited source for wind power is carried out. dtechnologies.ialogue on expansion of wind energy. NTNT20 3635 WindStreet turbines lighting Municipal plan SBU/TMFTMF ProvideOnce Traffic every lightningthe 4public years will with energy be informationchanged companies to LEDon and the developmentstakeholderstechnology or fromof the wind bestthe turbines municipality avalible in technology the are municipality invited when for indtheyialogue order are to renovatedon promote expansion or private renewedof wind investment energy. so all traffic in wind lightning in the municipality will be changed by NT 36 Wind turbines SBU/TMF Provideturbines the (wind public turbine with cooperatives). information on the 2020. NT 37 Wind turbines Municipal plan TMF developmentIn cooperation of with wind Aalborg turbines University in the municipality and inrelevant order tobusiness promote enterprises, private investment work on the in wind

5 turbinespositioning (wind of a turbine national cooperatives). test center for wind NT 37 Wind turbines Municipal plan TMF Inturbines cooperation in Aalborg with will Aalborg be carried University out. and relevant business enterprises, work on the NT 38 Solar cells TMF In connection with low energy requirements in positioning of a national test center for wind district heating areas the integration of solar cells turbines in Aalborg will be carried out. 48 in buildingsAalborg are recommended.Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation NT 3839 Solar cellsheat Heating Plan TMFFV In connection with heatlow energy planning, requirements socio-economic in districtand environmental heating areas assessments the integration of the of usesolar of cells solar inheating buildings systems are recommended. in both individual and collective NT 39 Solar heat Heating Plan FV Infacilities connection are carried with heat out. planning, socio-economic and environmental assessments of the use of solar heating systems in both individual and collective facilities are carried out.

Climate Strategy-Mitigation

New Theme Plan type Department Initiative description Initiative and natural-gas for heating to district heating.

NT 30 Biofuels Municipal plan TMF In the municipal plan (addition) areas with opportunity for placements of biogas plants are identified.

NT 31 Biofuels Municipal plan TMF As part of the environmental approval scheme, biogas production is promoted by motivating agriculture to deliver their manure to biogas.

NT 32 Biofuels Municipal plan TMF Areas in the municipality are designated where it would be appropriate to grow energy crops.

NT 33 Geometric heat Heating Plan FV In connection with heat-planning a strategy for the use of geothermal heat in Aalborg Municipality will be determined.

NT 34 Wind turbines Municipal plan TMF A wind turbine plan (addition to the municipal plan), which points out new wind turbine areas that can ensure the development of necessary wind power is carried out.

NT 35 Wind turbines Municipal plan SBU/TMF Once every 4 years energy companies and stakeholders from the municipality are invited for dialogue on expansion of wind energy. NT 36 Wind turbines SBU/TMF Provide the public with information on the development of wind turbines in the municipality in order to promote private investment in wind turbines (wind turbine cooperatives). NT 37 Wind turbines Municipal plan TMF ClimateIn cooperation Strategy with-Mitigation Aalborg University and relevant business enterprises, work on the positioning of a national test center for wind New Theme Plan type Department Initiative description turbines in Aalborg will be carried out. Initiative NT 838 PrivateSolar cells AllTMF AalborgIn connection Municipality with low will energy work requirementsfor a national taxin households systemdistrict heatingthat promotes areas the "climate integration-friendly" of solar behavior cells ofin buildingscitizens are recommended. NT 939 PrivateSolar heat Heating Plan FV ClimateCooperatIn connection Strategyion with with -energy Mitigationheat planning, companies, socio builders, - economic and households contractorsand environmental on energy assessments saving campaigns. of the use of solar NT 10 Private SBU Thereheating should systems be competitionsin both individual between and collective New Themehouseholds Plan type Department Initiativeneighborhoodsfacilities are description carried on energy out. savings. Initiative NT40NT 11 SolarPrivate heat Heating Plan FVTMF InInform connection the public with regularly heat-planning about guidelinestheir potential for households thefor energyuse of solarsavings heat through in areas the outside green theshops. NT 12 Private house- SBU collectiveImplement supply citizen areas involving are developed. climate projects, such holds as CO2 neutral village Fjellerad. 7 NT 13 Private house- FV/SBU Citizens must be involved and the individual NT 41 Heat pump Heating Plan FV In connection with heat-planning, socio-economic holds household's CO2 footprint will be revealed. and environmental assessments of the use of heat NT 14 Climate friendly All The use of electricity for municipal buildings, plant pumps in both individual and collective facilities is behave-ior and equipment (excluding user-financed areas) carried out. must come from new renewable energy plants.

NT 4215 CoolingGreen IT Heating Plan FV/TMFBF ByFor the larger end building of 2011, projects all administrative socio-economic PCs in and the environmentMunicipality alrelated assessments to Windows of major 7 platform, climate -will friendlybe connected refrigeration, to a central for example control, suchin connection as sleep withfunctions. the new hospital in Aalborg East, should be NT 16 Green IT BF carriedServer rooms out. designed with the utmost NT 43 Public transport TMF/SBU Projectsconsideration for improved to energy accessibility consumption for andbuses see thefollowin reportg guidance "Forbedret from busfre the Centremkommelighed for Energy. i NT 17 Street lighting TMF Aalborg"Streetlights (specific on roads, projects, paths 1 and project squares in each in the plan period),municipality must will be becarried regularly out. renewed with new energy efficient technologies using less power NT 44 Public transport SBU Theconsumption. frequency This on selected Includes bus metal routes halide will and be CFL increased.as well as the newer LED diode technology. NT 4518 PublicStreet transportlighting TMF SeveralAt traffic roads roads, have BAT car will traffic be introduced downgraded when / rilluminationemoved in order requirements to upgrade for thethis bus type service. of illumination solution can be achieved, and when the technology of light quality and total economic NT 46 Cycling TMF Therepayback must period be conducted of replacing at andleast operating one cycle track projectmatches from the otherthe Biking known Action light plan source in each planningtechnologies. period. NT 19 Street lighting TMF On residential streets, BAT will be introduced NT 47 Cycling TMF After the project “Aalborg as Cycling City but by when the technology light quality and total 2020 at the latest, the establishment of the economic payback period of replacing and remaining bicycle commuter routes to Aalborg operating matches the other known light source Airport and Bouet is initiated. technologies. NT 48 Cycling TMF Efforts should be made to maintain Aalborg as a NT20 Street lighting TMF Traffic lightning will be changed to LED cycling city as a future brand. technology or the best avalible technology when NT 49 Road transport TMF Passthey abilityare renovated on the overall or renewed roads soseeks all traffic to be optimizeslightning in through the municipa Informationlity will technology be changed by systems(ITS)2020. to improve energy efficiency by driving.

NT 50 Road5 transport TMF Continue to work with behavior-regulating parking charges in the city center, and regulation of parking supply through maximum parking standards instead of minimum standards can be brought into play as an instrument. Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 49

Climate Strategy-Mitigation

New Theme Plan type Department Initiative description Initiative NT40 Solar heat Heating Plan FV In connection with heat-planning guidelines for the use of solar heat in areas outside the collective supply areas are developed.

NT 41 Heat pump Heating Plan FV In connection with heat-planning, socio-economic and environmental assessments of the use of heat pumps in both individual and collective facilities is carried out.

NT 42 Cooling Heating Plan FV/TMF For larger building projects socio-economic and environmental assessments of major climate- friendly refrigeration, for example in connection with the new hospital in Aalborg East, should be carried out. NT 43 Public transport TMF/SBU Projects for improved accessibility for buses see the report "Forbedret busfremkommelighed i Aalborg" (specific projects, 1 project in each plan period), must be carried out.

NT 44 Public transport SBU The frequency on selected bus routes will be increased.

NT 45 Public transport TMF Several roads have car traffic downgraded / removed in order to upgrade the bus service.

NT 46 Cycling TMF There must be conducted at least one cycle track project from the Biking Action plan in each planning period.

NT 47 Cycling TMF After the project “Aalborg as Cycling City but by 2020 at the latest, the establishment of the remaining bicycle commuter routes to Aalborg Airport and Bouet is initiated. NT 48 Cycling TMF Efforts should be made to maintain Aalborg as a cycling city as a future brand. NT 49 Road transport TMF ClimatePass Strategy ability on the- overallMitigation roads seeks to be optimizes through Information technology systems(ITS) to improve energy efficiency by New Theme Plan type Department Initiative description driving. Initiative NT 850 RoadPrivate transport TMFAll ContinueAalborg Municipality to work with will behavior work for-regulating a national parking tax households Climatechargessystem Strategy that in the promotes city- center,Mitigation "climate and regulation-friendly" behaviorof parkingof citizens su pply through maximum parking NT 9 Private FV standardsCooperation instead with energyof minimum companies, standards builders, can be and New Theme Plan type Department Initiative description households broughtcontractors into on play energy as an saving instrument. campaigns. Initiative NT 10 Private SBU There should be competitions between NT 51 Roadhouseholds transport TMF Goodneighborhoods and useful on information energy savings. on alternative modes of transport and pass ability on the road, will be NT 11 Private8 TMF offered.Inform the public regularly about their potential households for energy savings through the green shops. NT 5212 RoPrivatead transport house- SBU AImplement Freight strategy citizen willinvolving be devolped climate in projects, 2011-12 such holds as CO2 neutral village Fjellerad. NT 53 Road transport TMF In cooperation with industry, commuter plans for NT 13 Private house- FV/SBU Citizens must be involved and the individual all major companies should be developed. holds household's CO2 footprint will be revealed. NT 14 Climate friendly All The use of electricity for municipal buildings, plant NT 54 Roadbehave transport-ior TMF Theand parkingequipment action (excluding plan will user be launched-financed inareas) 2012 must come from new renewable energy plants.

NT 5515 EnvironmentallyGreen IT TMFBF ByIn cooporationthe end of 2011, with all private administrative actors the PCs in the friendly vehicles municipalityMunicipality testsrelated electric to Windows cars in 20117 platform, and 2012 will andbe connected installation to of a chargecentral stationscontrol, willsuch be as sleep explored.functions. NT 5166 ForestationGreen IT TMFBF TheServer municipality rooms designed must plan with for the and utmost purcha se land forconsideration forestation to in energy order to consumption double the forestand area byfollowin 2030.g The guidance aim must from be the to Centreprevent for Energy. NT 17 Street lighting TMF fragmentationStreetlights on ofroads, natural paths areas and and squares help stopin the the climatemunicipality and societal will be regularlydecline in renewed biodiversity. with Anew greaterenergy efficientspecies richnesstechnologies and variation using less in power the Danishconsumption. countryside This Includes contributes metal in halidea positive and CFL directionas well as to the CO2 newer accounts. LED diode technology. NT 18 Street lighting TMF At traffic roads, BAT will be introduced when NT 57 Agriculture TMF Theillumination establishment requirements of wetlands, for this which type is of one of theillumination initiated solutionmeasures can in bethe achieved, national waterand when plan, isthe prioritized technology so ofthat light the quality municipality and total establishes economic aspayback many periodwetlands of asreplacing possibl e.and The operating establishment willmatches be financed the other by knownthe state light if the source wetlands removetechnologies. sufficiently high nitrogen. The NT 19 Street lighting TMF establishmentOn residential streets,of the wetland BAT will should be introduced be initiated bywhen the the municipality, technology but light also quality in cooperation and total with farmseconomic as project payback owners. period In of both replacin cases,g and the establioperatingshment matches will be the based other on known close lightand source voluntarytechnologies. cooperation with the farms. NT20 Street lighting TMF Traffic lightning will be changed to LED NT 58 Partnership SBU Aalborgtechnology Municipality or the best joins avalible the Covenant technology of when Mayors.they are renovated or renewed so all traffic lightning in the municipality will be changed by NT 59 Partnership TMF Network for sustainable development of livestock 2020. production is started in 2011 with special focus on energy efficiency. 5

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 50 9

Climate Strategy-Mitigation

New Theme Plan type Department Initiative description Initiative NT 60 Climate education SKO/SBU Create a resource bank where links and inspiration for instruction in energy and environment provides an overview of the opportunities that exist for teaching in external learning environments, school services, other administration and educational initiatives which can support green teaching activities. [NT 56]

NT 61 Climate education SKO/SBU Climate courses for teachers and leaders at all public schools should be offered at minimum every two years.

NT 62 Climate education SKO/SBU The development of an Aalborg model for sustainable schools based on Green Flag Green School system should be carried out.

NT 63 Climate education SKO/SBU A cooperation and partnership between Aalborg Municipality and educational institutions in the Municipality is established, in order to create synergies between local targets on climate and environment and education. NT 64 Local green BF/TMF/FV There will be a number of design projects on growth development of district heating solutions based on local renewable energy sources.

NT 65 Local green BF/TMF New strategic partnerships between companies in growth the existing business network FleksEnergi is to be developed. NT 66 Local green BF/TMF Collaborations between North Jutlandic growth companies in the wind energy industry and Aalborg University will be developed further.

Inquiries Inquiry Theme Plan type Department Inquiry description name U 1 Buildings BF Studies and demonstration projects for energy (AK buildings) efficient building renovation of existing buildings with respect for the original architecture is pursued. U 2 Businesses TMF By 2012, an inventory of agriculture’s total CO2 emissions, including energy and methane emissions based on actual data for local agriculture is to be conducted

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 51 Climate Strategy-Mitigation

NT 61 Climate education SKO/SBU Climate courses for teachers and leaders at all public schools should be offered at minimum every two years.

NT 62 Climate education SKO/SBU The development of an Aalborg model for sustainable schools based on Green Flag Green School system should be carried out.

Inquiry Inquiries Inquiry Theme Plan type Department Inquiry description name U 1 Buildings BF Studies and demonstration projects for energy (AK buildings) efficient building renovation of existing buildings with respect for the original architecture is Climatepursued. Strategy -Mitigation U 2 Businesses TMF By 2012, an inventory of agriculture’s total CO2

emissions, including energy and methane Inquiry Theme Plan type Department Inquiryemissions description based on actual data for local name agriculture is to be conducted U 3 Private FV The ability to create local and national economic households incentive for people to save energy is to be examined. U 4 Climate10 -friendly FV/TMF The possibilities for the establishment of behavior municipal wind turbines should be examined.

U 5 Climate-friendly SBU Investigate the possibility of establishing a curve behavior breaker1 agreement with The Danish Knowledge Centre for Energy Savings in Buildings. U 6 Climate-friendly SBU The possibilities for the establishment of a fund to behavior finance energy savings and renewable energy systems in municipal buildings must be examined. [ U 6]

U 7 Green IT BF It is considered whether leasing schemes on all municipal PCs should be exercised in order to ensure replacement of PCs every 3 years as the newest and thus often the most environmentally friendly / energy efficient models are used. U 8 Green IT BF A survey of the possibilities of moving to thin- clients by the end of 2014 is to be conducted. U9 Street lightening TMF In terms of energy consumption the mercury light sources are the least energy-efficient light sources we have currently and thus provides the greatest savings of potential (30-45% depending on lamp wattage and lumens).

Since the mercury light sources are to be removed from production in 2015 according to an EU decree, there must be alternatives to the municipality’s approximately 15,000 luminaires with mercury lamps.

U 10 Municipal All To reduce travels made by employees to transport meetings, conferences etc., the technical and economic aspects of using video-conference equipment should be examined 1U Curve 11 breakerMunicipal is a term used when a curve is increasing i.e. Allshowing an increaseA in car consumption-analysis ofand the the municipal initiative is drivingto break withthe curve and therebytransport making it break i.e. a decrease in consumption. consideration to efficiency and climate impact should be carried out. 52U 12 Municipal BF In order toAalborg determine Municipality energy Climate requirements, Strategy - Mitigation buildings including specific requirements for building components for renovation and conversion tasks, the municipality will be included in possible demonstration projects.

1 Curve breaker is a term used when a curve is increasing i.e. showing an increase in consumption and the initiative is to break the curve and thereby making it break i.e. a decrease in consumption.

Climate Strategy-Mitigation

New Theme Plan type Department Initiative description Initiative NT 60 Climate education SKO/SBU Create a resource bank where links and inspiration Climatefor instructionStrategy in energy-Mitigation and environment provides an overview of the opportunities that Climateexist Strategy for teaching in-Mitigation external learning New Theme Plan type Department environInitiativements, description school services, other

Initiative administration and educational initiatives which can support green teaching activities. [NT 56] NTInquiry 60 ThemeClimate education Plan type SKO/SBUDepartment CreateInquiry a description resource bank where links and inspiration name NT 61 Climate education SKO/SBU Climatefor instruction courses in for energy teachers and andenvironment leaders at all U 3 Private FV The ability to create local and national economic publicprovides schools an overview should be of offeredthe opportunities at minimum that households incentive for people to save energy is to be everexisty fortwo teaching years. in external learning environexamined.ments, school services, other NTU 4 62 ClimateClimate education-friendly SKO/SBUFV/TMF TheadministrationThe developmentpossibilities and for of educational thean Aalborg establishment modelinitiatives forof which behavior sustainablecanmunicipal support wind schools green turbines teaching based should on activities. Green be examined. Flag [NT Green 56] School system should be carried out. NTU 5 61 Climate -educationfriendly SKO/SBUSBU ClimateInvestigate courses the possibility for teachers of establishingand leaders aat curve all 1 NT 63 Climatebehavior education SKO/SBU Apublicbreaker cooperation schools agreement andshould partnership with be offered The Danish between at minimum Knowledge Aalborg MunicieverCentrey twopality for years.Energy and educational Savings in Buildingsinstitutions. in the U 6 Climate-friendly SBU MunicipalityThe possibilities is established, for the establishment in order to createof a fund to NT 62 behaviorClimate education SKO/SBU synergiesThefinance development energy between savings of local an and Aalborgtargets renewable onmodel climate energyfor and environmentsustainablesystems in municipal schools and education. based buildings on Green must Flagbe examined. Green NT 64 Local green BF/TMF/FV ThereSchool[ U 6] will system be a numbershould be of carried design out.projects on growth development of district heating solutions based NTU 7 63 GreenClimate IT education SKO/SBUBF AIt cooperationis considered and whether partnership leasing between schemes Aalborg on all on local renewable energy sources. Municimunicipalpality PCs and should educational be exercised institutions in order in tothe ensure replacement of PCs every 3 years as the NT 65 Local green BF/TMF NewMunicipality strategic is partnerships established, between in order tocompanies create in newest and thus often the most environmentally growth thesynergies existing between business local network targets FleksEnergi on climate is andto be friendly / energy efficient models are used. developed.environment and education. NTU 8 6 4 GreenLocal green IT BF/TMF/FVBF ThereA survey will of be the a numberpossibilities of design of moving projects to thin on - NT 66 Localgrowth green BF/TMF Coldevelopmclientslaborations by entthe ofend between district of 2014 Northheating is to Jutlandic be solutions conducted. based U9 growthStreet lightening TMF companiesonIn terms local renewableof in energy the wind consumption energy energy sources. industry the mercury and light Aalborgsources Universityare the least will energy be developed-efficient further. light sources NT 65 Local green BF/TMF Newwe have strategic currently partnerships and thus betweenprovides companiesthe greatest in growth thesavings existing of potential business (30 network-45% depending FleksEnergi on is lamp to be developed.wattage and lumens). NT 66 LocalInquiries green BF/TMF ColSincelaborations the mercury between light sources North Jutlandic are to be removed growth companies in the wind energy industry and Inquiry Theme Plan type Department Inquiryfrom production description in 2015 according to an EU Aalborg University will be developed further. name decree, there must be alternatives to the U 1 Buildings BF Studiesmunicipality’s and demonstr approximatelyation projects 15,000 for luminaires energy (AK buildings) efficientwith mercury building lamps. renovation of existing buildings with respect for the original architecture is U 10 Municipal All To reduce travels made by employees to pursued. transportInquiries meetings, conferences etc., the technical and U 2 Businesses TMF By 2012, an inventory of agriculture’s total CO2 Inquiry Theme Plan type Department Inquiryeconomic description aspects of using video-conference emissions, including energy and methane name equipment should be examined emissions based on actual data for local U 111 BuildingsMunicipal BFAll StudiesA car-analysis and demonstr of the municipalation projects driving for with energy agriculture is to be conducted transport (AK buildings) efficientconsideration building to efficienrenovationcy and of climateexisting impactbuildings withshould respect be carried for the out. original architecture is U 12 Municipal BF pursued.In order to determine energy requirements, U 2 Businessesbuildings TMF ClimateByincluding 2012,Strategy anspecific inventory requirements-Mitigation of agriculture’s for building total CO2

10 emissions,components including for renovation energy and methaneconversion tasks, emissionsthe municipality based willon actual be included data for in localpossibl e Inquiry Theme Plan type Department Inquiry description agriculturedemonstration is to projects. be conducted name U 13 Municipal SBU A pre-analysis that can show energy-saving 1 Curvebuildings breaker is a term used when a curve is increasing i.e. showingpotentials an increaseand economics in consumption in relation and to themunicipal / private partnership with a private energy service initiative is to break the curve and thereby making it break i.e. a decrease in consumption. 10 company (ESCO cooperation) should be carried out.

U 14 District11 Heat FV The opportunities to conduct studies and demonstration projects for efficient use of district heating in low-energy buildings in district heating areas should be analyzed. U 15 District Heat FV The possibilities of how the district heating system can be used as storage for fluctuating energy production is considered in the strategic energy planning.

U 16 Bio fuel TMF The potential for cultivation of energy crops must be investigated, including the potential for business development (Green Growth) from the biomass production. U 17 Bio fuel FV The possibilities for use of biogas in city gas network, including use of biogas in buses, trucks and municipal vehicles should be examined. U18 Bio fuel Heating Plan FV In connection with heat-planning, the extent to which a reorganization of the solid fuel boiler to solar and heat pumps in the areas without public supply can happen should be examined.

U 19 Geothermic heat Heating Plan FV In connection with heat-planning studies, possible / optimal locations of geothermal plants in Aalborg Municipality should be located.

U 20 Wind turbines FV/TMF Assess the offshore location of wind turbines or modification of proximity requirements for example in relation to housing could be considered to ensure adequate wind power in Aalborg. U 21 Wind turbines TMF Opportunities to develop and operate their own wind turbines should be examined in connection with the Network for Sustainable Business Development, among others. U 22 Solar cells FV Investigate the possibility of the establishment of private solar guilds including the establishment and location of large solar power plants.

U 23 Solar heat FV The possibilities for the establishment of private joint solar heat plants (possibly combined with heat pump plants) should be examined during the Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation heat planning 53 U 24 Cooling FV The scope for increased use of renewable energy

Climate Strategy-Mitigation

Inquiry Theme Plan type Department Inquiry description name Climate Strategy-Mitigation U 13 Municipal SBU A pre-analysis that can show energy-saving buildings potentials and economics in relation to municipal New Theme Plan type Department /Initiative private partnershipdescription with a private energy service Initiative company (ESCO cooperation) should be carried out. NT 60 Climate education SKO/SBU Create a resource bank where links and inspiration U 14 District Heat FV The opportunities to conduct studies and for instruction in energy and environment demonstration projects for efficient use of district provides an overview of the opportunities that heating in low-energy buildings in district heating exist for teaching in external learning areas should be analyzed. environments, school services, other U 15 District Heat FV The possibilities of how the district heating system administration and educational initiatives which can be used as storage for fluctuating energy can support green teaching activities. [NT 56] production is considered in the strategic energy NT 61 Climate education SKO/SBU planning.Climate courses for teachers and leaders at all public schools should be offered at minimum U 16 Bio fuel TMF The potential for cultivation of energy crops must every two years. be investigated, including the potential for NT 62 Climate education SKO/SBU businessThe development developm ofent an (Green Aalborg Growth) model forfrom the biomasssustainable production. schools based on Green Flag Green U 17 Bio fuel FV TheSchool possibilities system should for use be of carried biogas out. in city gas network, including use of biogas in buses, trucks NT 63 Climate education SKO/SBU andA cooperation municipal vehiclesand partnership should be between examined. Aalborg U18 Bio fuel Heating Plan FV InMunici connectionpality and wit educationalh heat-planning, institutions the extent in the to whichMunicipality a reorganization is established, of the in solidorder fuel to create boiler to solarsynergies and heatbetween pumps local in targetsthe areas on without climate publicand supplyenvironment can happen and education. should be examined. NT 64 Local green BF/TMF/FV There will be a number of design projects on U 19 Geothermicgrowth heat Heating Plan FV Indevelopm connectionent ofwith district heat -heatingplanning solutions studies, basedpossibl e /on optimal local renewable locations ofenergy geothermal sources. plants in Aalborg Municipality should be located. NT 65 Local green BF/TMF New strategic partnerships between companies in U 20 Windgrowth turbines FV/TMF Assessthe existing the offshore business location network of FleksEnergi wind turbines is to or be modificationdeveloped. of proximity requirements for example in relation to housing could be NT 66 Local green BF/TMF considereCollaborationsd to ensure between adequate North Jutlandic wind power in growth Aalborg.companies in the wind energy industry and U 21 Wind turbines TMF OpportunitiesAalborg University to develop will be anddeveloped operate further. their own wind turbines should be examined in connection with the Network for Sustainable Business Development, among others. U 22 Solar cells FV Investigate the possibility of the establishment of Inquiries Climateprivate Strategy solar guilds- Mitigationincluding the establishment Inquiry Theme Plan type Department andInquiry location description of large solar power plants. name InquiryU 231 ThemeSolarBuildings heat Plan type DepartmentFVBF InquiryTheStudies possibilities descriptionand demonstr for theation establishment projects for of energy private name (AK buildings) jointefficient solar building heat plants renovation (possibly of existingcombined buildings with plantsheatwith respectpump based plants) foron solarthe should original energy be architecture forexamined cooling during must is be the examined..heatpursued. planning U 242 CoolingBusinesses FVTMF TheBy 2012, scope an for inventory increased of use agriculture’s of renewable total energy CO2 U 25 Cooling FV Theemissions, possibilities including for the energy establishment and methane of district coolingemissions plants based should on actual be examined. data for local U 26 Kollektiv12 SBU Aagriculture possible light is to rail be conductedto serve the corridor between transport Aalborg Central City and the University Hospital in Aalborg East is explored. U 27 Public transport SBU Projects for the Investigation of improved 10 accessibility of public transport over private motorists, including on the stretch between

Aalborg Central City and City South in Skalborg, must be carried out. U 28 Public transport SBU It should be examined whether less expensive fares in public transport will increase the number of passengers. Experience shows that reduced tariffs by 25%, there will result in 5% more passengers in buses. Tariffs have the last decade increased approx. three times as much as the general price movement and a half times as much as the prices of gasoline.

U 29 Public transport SBU It should be determined whether to establish bus lanes / light rail / tram in corridors with major travel flows. The potential of such following lines need to be assessed: Downtown - Kastetvej Downtown - Skalborg Downtown - Nørresundby to the airport or No Uttrup Downtown - Vejgård - Aalborg east. U 30 Road transport TMF The possibilities for the establishment of road pricing in Aalborg to restrict passenger transport in the city is to be examined, so the work has started if the legal framework is altered to allow for road pricing U 31 Road transport TMF Before 2015, studies of new methods and measures to reduce car journeys should be carried out. U 32 Road transport It should be examined whether the regulation of parking supply through maximum parking standards instead of minimum standards can be brought into play as a tool. U 33 Environmental TMF There should be an analysis of how the friendly cars municipality can help to promote the use of environmentally friendly vehicles, including the construction of charging stations and free parking

54 Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation Climate Strategy-Mitigation

NT 61 Climate education SKO/SBU Climate courses for teachers and leaders at all public schools should be offered at minimum every two years.

NT 62 Climate education SKO/SBU The development of an Aalborg model for sustainable schools based on Green Flag Green School system should be carried out.

Inquiry Theme Plan type Department Inquiry description name Inquiries

Inquiry Theme Plan type Department forInquiry electric description vehicles. name U 341 EnvironmentalBuildings TMFBF TheStudies guidelines and demonstr for the ationestablish projectsment for of variousenergy friendly cars (AK buildings) refuelingefficient building facilities renovation and to ascertain of existing whether buildings those facilitieswith respect and forlocations the original are in architectureline with the is municipalpursued. plan and other planning to provide a U 2 Businesses TMF flexibleBy 2012, approach an inventory when of interest agriculture’s appears total to CO2 installations.emissions, including energy and methane emissions based on actual data for local U 35 Forestry TMF Assess whether to further carry out forestation in agriculture is to be conducted the future that must be coordinated with the increased demand for biomass production. U 36 Forestry TMF It should be examined whether forestation for the production of fuel can be compatible with

10 internationally agreed requirements of halting the decline in biodiversity. U 37 Agriculture TMF In the first planning period, a detailed knowledge of opportunities to promote CO2 efficient agricultural production is to be established. U 38 Partnership BF/TMF Aalborg Municipality will work to develop a regional strategy for the implementation of the climate commission's recommendations. U 39 Local green BF The potentials for export in relation to the use of growth renewable energy sources in the collective heating must be identified. U 40 Local green BF The possibility of establishing several business growth networks for climate and cleantech companies must be examined.

Aalborg Municipality Climate Strategy - Mitigation 55 Sundhed og Bæredygtig udvikling

Rantzausgade 4 Tlf. 9931 3131 www.aalborgkommune.dk 9000 Aalborg Postboks 248 [email protected] 2011