ELF Electromagnetic Waves from Lightning: the Schumann Resonances
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Impact of Covid-19 on Beauty & Wellness
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON BEAUTY & WELLNESS July 2020 01 MACRO THEMES 02 INDUSTRY IMPACTS 03 CHANNEL AND CATEGORY SHIFTS 04 STRATEGIC REVIEW 05 IMPACT TO MANUFACTURING 06 SUB-SECTOR THEMES 07 TRENDS AND TAKEAWAYS TABLE OF CONTENTS OF TABLE Page 1 MACRO THEMES BEAUTY AMONG TOP 10 NEGATIVELY IMPACTED COVID-19 HAS LED US INDUSTRIES (ESTIMATED PROBABILITY 25-35% INDUSTRY LEVEL RETAIL SERIES 2019-2020, % GROWTH, INTO UNCHARTED 2019 CONSTANT PRICES, FIXED YEAR EXCHANGE RATE) (30) (20) (10) 0 10 20 TERRITORY Luxury Goods Personal Accessories MACRO THEMES Apparel and Footwear Eyewear Tobacco The current pandemic has impacted virtually every facet Beauty and Personal Care of the economy and consumers’ day-to-day lives. Consumer Electronics Consumer Health Rising unemployment rates, reduced discretionary Consumer Appliances Home and Garden spending, social distancing and lockdown restrictions have Alcoholic Drinks altered consumer behavior. Soft Drinks Retail Tissue and Hygiene Significant discrepancies between winners and losers as Hot Drinks those sub-sectors most exposed to physical retail and Toys and Games without a digital presence have taken the biggest hit. Pet Care Home Care Fresh Food Successes defined by the strength of the digital Packaged Food proposition, ability to fulfill orders during quarantine and connection and direct relationship with the consumer. Baseline COVID-19 Deep Recession Case Rapid acceleration in the ongoing shift to digital. Positive Positive Negative Negative Accelerated consciousness of health, wellness and sustainability. -
Electromagnetism As Quantum Physics
Electromagnetism as Quantum Physics Charles T. Sebens California Institute of Technology May 29, 2019 arXiv v.3 The published version of this paper appears in Foundations of Physics, 49(4) (2019), 365-389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-019-00253-3 Abstract One can interpret the Dirac equation either as giving the dynamics for a classical field or a quantum wave function. Here I examine whether Maxwell's equations, which are standardly interpreted as giving the dynamics for the classical electromagnetic field, can alternatively be interpreted as giving the dynamics for the photon's quantum wave function. I explain why this quantum interpretation would only be viable if the electromagnetic field were sufficiently weak, then motivate a particular approach to introducing a wave function for the photon (following Good, 1957). This wave function ultimately turns out to be unsatisfactory because the probabilities derived from it do not always transform properly under Lorentz transformations. The fact that such a quantum interpretation of Maxwell's equations is unsatisfactory suggests that the electromagnetic field is more fundamental than the photon. Contents 1 Introduction2 arXiv:1902.01930v3 [quant-ph] 29 May 2019 2 The Weber Vector5 3 The Electromagnetic Field of a Single Photon7 4 The Photon Wave Function 11 5 Lorentz Transformations 14 6 Conclusion 22 1 1 Introduction Electromagnetism was a theory ahead of its time. It held within it the seeds of special relativity. Einstein discovered the special theory of relativity by studying the laws of electromagnetism, laws which were already relativistic.1 There are hints that electromagnetism may also have held within it the seeds of quantum mechanics, though quantum mechanics was not discovered by cultivating those seeds. -
Using Schumann Resonance Measurements for Constraining The
Using Schumann resonance measurements for constraining the water abundance on the giant planets - Implications for the solar system’s formation Fernando Sim Oes, Robert Pfaff, Michel Hamelin, Jeffrey Klenzing, Henry Freudenreich, Christian Béghin, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Kenneth Bromund, Rejean Grard, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, et al. To cite this version: Fernando Sim Oes, Robert Pfaff, Michel Hamelin, Jeffrey Klenzing, Henry Freudenreich, et al.. Using Schumann resonance measurements for constraining the water abundance on the giant planets - Impli- cations for the solar system’s formation. The Astrophysical Journal, American Astronomical Society, 2012, 750 (1), pp.85. 10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/85. hal-00692138 HAL Id: hal-00692138 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00692138 Submitted on 12 Mar 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Astrophysical Journal, 750:85 (14pp), 2012 May 1 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/85 C 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. USING SCHUMANN RESONANCE MEASUREMENTS -
Search for Martian Schumann Resonances
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 14, EPSC2020-541, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc2020-541 Europlanet Science Congress 2020 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Search for Martian Schumann Resonances Yanan Yu1, Christopher Russell1, Peter Chi1, Syed Haider2, Jayesh Pabari2, and Janet Luhmann3 1Earth Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America ([email protected]) 2Planetary Science Division (Thaltej), Physical Research Laboratory Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 380 009 3Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America On Earth, electric discharges in thunderstorms produce ELF waves in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide that circles the globe. These waves give rise to Schumann resonances in the waveguide resonant cavity. These waves are also expected to occur at Venus, produced by strong lightning in the Venus atmosphere and at Mars produced by active dust devils or dust storms, during southern hemisphere summer, when the planet is near periapsis. Within dust storms, dust particles undergo triboelectric charging. The charge transfer leads to charge separation. A lightning discharge is expected to occur when the charge exceeds the breakdown strength of the media present. The transient electric discharge emits electromagnetic waves in the VLF/ELF range of frequency, leading to Schumann Resonance in the surface-ionospheric cavity. In a heterogeneous cavity, Schumann resonance modes are observable using an in-situ instrument. Recently has it been possible to search for these electromagnetic waves from the Mars surface using the UCLA-provided InSight fluxgate magnetometer. The weakness of the vertical component of ULF waves at Mars suggests that the subsurface is electrically conducting, allowing trapping of electromagnetic energy between the sub- surface and the ionosphere. -
Electromagnetic Field Theory
Lecture 4 Electromagnetic Field Theory “Our thoughts and feelings have Dr. G. V. Nagesh Kumar Professor and Head, Department of EEE, electromagnetic reality. JNTUA College of Engineering Pulivendula Manifest wisely.” Topics 1. Biot Savart’s Law 2. Ampere’s Law 3. Curl 2 Releation between Electric Field and Magnetic Field On 21 April 1820, Ørsted published his discovery that a compass needle was deflected from magnetic north by a nearby electric current, confirming a direct relationship between electricity and magnetism. 3 Magnetic Field 4 Magnetic Field 5 Direction of Magnetic Field 6 Direction of Magnetic Field 7 Properties of Magnetic Field 8 Magnetic Field Intensity • The quantitative measure of strongness or weakness of the magnetic field is given by magnetic field intensity or magnetic field strength. • It is denoted as H. It is a vector quantity • The magnetic field intensity at any point in the magnetic field is defined as the force experienced by a unit north pole of one Weber strength, when placed at that point. • The magnetic field intensity is measured in • Newtons/Weber (N/Wb) or • Amperes per metre (A/m) or • Ampere-turns / metre (AT/m). 9 Magnetic Field Density 10 Releation between B and H 11 Permeability 12 Biot Savart’s Law 13 Biot Savart’s Law 14 Biot Savart’s Law : Distributed Sources 15 Problem 16 Problem 17 H due to Infinitely Long Conductor 18 H due to Finite Long Conductor 19 H due to Finite Long Conductor 20 H at Centre of Circular Cylinder 21 H at Centre of Circular Cylinder 22 H on the axis of a Circular Loop -
Electro Magnetic Fields Lecture Notes B.Tech
ELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELDS LECTURE NOTES B.TECH (II YEAR – I SEM) (2019-20) Prepared by: M.KUMARA SWAMY., Asst.Prof Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India) Recognized under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC ACT 1956 (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade - ISO 9001:2015 Certified) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Kompally), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India ELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELDS Objectives: • To introduce the concepts of electric field, magnetic field. • Applications of electric and magnetic fields in the development of the theory for power transmission lines and electrical machines. UNIT – I Electrostatics: Electrostatic Fields – Coulomb’s Law – Electric Field Intensity (EFI) – EFI due to a line and a surface charge – Work done in moving a point charge in an electrostatic field – Electric Potential – Properties of potential function – Potential gradient – Gauss’s law – Application of Gauss’s Law – Maxwell’s first law, div ( D )=ρv – Laplace’s and Poison’s equations . Electric dipole – Dipole moment – potential and EFI due to an electric dipole. UNIT – II Dielectrics & Capacitance: Behavior of conductors in an electric field – Conductors and Insulators – Electric field inside a dielectric material – polarization – Dielectric – Conductor and Dielectric – Dielectric boundary conditions – Capacitance – Capacitance of parallel plates – spherical co‐axial capacitors. Current density – conduction and Convection current densities – Ohm’s law in point form – Equation of continuity UNIT – III Magneto Statics: Static magnetic fields – Biot‐Savart’s law – Magnetic field intensity (MFI) – MFI due to a straight current carrying filament – MFI due to circular, square and solenoid current Carrying wire – Relation between magnetic flux and magnetic flux density – Maxwell’s second Equation, div(B)=0, Ampere’s Law & Applications: Ampere’s circuital law and its applications viz. -
Estimating Fire Properties by Remote Sensing
Estimating Fire Properties by Remote Sensing1. Philip J. Riggan USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station 4955 Canyon Crest Drive Riverside, CA 92507 909 680 1534 [email protected] James W. Hoffman Space Instruments, Inc. 4403 Manchester Avenue, Suite 203 Encinitas, CA 92024 760 944 7001 [email protected] James A. Brass NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Federal Airfield, CA 94035 650 604 5232 [email protected] Abstract---Contemporary knowledge of the role of fire in the TABLE OF CONTENTS global environment is limited by inadequate measurements of the extent and impact of individual fires. Observations by 1. INTRODUCTION operational polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites provide an 2. ESTIMATING FIRE PROPERTIES indication of fire occurrence but are ill-suited for estimating the 3. ESTIMATES FROM TWO CHANNELS temperature, area, or radiant emissions of active wildland and 4. MULTI-SPECTRAL FIRE IMAGING agricultural fires. Simulations here of synthetic remote sensing 5. APPLICATIONS FOR FIRE MONITORING pixels comprised of observed high resolution fire data together with ash or vegetation background demonstrate that fire properties including flame temperature, fractional area, and INTRODUCTION radiant-energy flux can best be estimated from concurrent radiance measurements at wavelengths near 1.6, 3.9, and 12 µm, More than 30,000 fire observations were recorded over central Successful observations at night may be made at scales to at Brazil during August 1999 by Advanced Very High Resolution least I km for the cluster of fire data simulated here. During the Radiometers operating aboard polarorbiting satellites of the U.S. daytime, uncertainty in the composition of the background and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. -
This Chart Uses Web the Top 300 Brands F This Chart
This chart uses Web traffic from readers on TotalBeauty.com to rank the top 300 brands from over 1,400 on our site. As of December 2010 Rank Nov. Rank Brand SOA 1 1 Neutrogena 3.13% 2 4 Maybelline New York 2.80% 3 2 L'Oreal 2.62% 4 3 MAC 2.52% 5 6 Olay 2.10% 6 7 Revlon 1.96% 7 30 Bath & Body Works 1.80% 8 5 Clinique 1.71% 9 11 Chanel 1.47% 10 8 Nars 1.43% 11 10 CoverGirl 1.34% 12 74 John Frieda 1.31% 13 12 Lancome 1.28% 14 20 Avon 1.21% 15 19 Aveeno 1.09% 16 21 The Body Shop 1.07% 17 9 Garnier 1.04% 18 23 Conair 1.02% 19 14 Estee Lauder 0.99% 20 24 Victoria's Secret 0.97% 21 25 Burt's Bees 0.94% 22 32 Kiehl's 0.90% 23 16 Redken 0.89% 24 43 E.L.F. 0.89% 25 18 Sally Hansen 0.89% 26 27 Benefit 0.87% 27 42 Aussie 0.86% 28 31 T3 0.85% 29 38 Philosophy 0.82% 30 36 Pantene 0.78% 31 13 Bare Escentuals 0.77% 32 15 Dove 0.76% 33 33 TRESemme 0.75% 34 17 Aveda 0.73% 35 40 Urban Decay 0.71% 36 46 Clean & Clear 0.71% 37 26 Paul Mitchell 0.70% 38 41 Bobbi Brown 0.67% 39 37 Clairol 0.60% 40 34 Herbal Essences 0.60% 41 93 Suave 0.59% 42 45 Dior 0.56% 43 29 Origins 0.55% 44 28 St. -
Overview of SPRITE: Saturn Probe Interior and Atmosphere Explorer Concept
Overview of SPRITE: Saturn PRobe Interior and aTmosphere Explorer Concept Marcus Lobbia1 Co-Authors: Amy Simon2, Rolf Danner1, Dave Atkinson1, Cavan Cuddy3 1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 3 Lockheed Martin Space Systems © 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Predecisional information for planning and discussion only Saturn Probe Mission Concept – Decadal Survey • Planetary Sciences Decadal Survey – Saturn Probe mission one of several recommended Medium-class missions for New Frontiers program • Objectives – 1: Determine Saturn’s Role in Solar System Formation and Evolution • Measure noble gas abundances and isotopic ratios in Saturn’s atmosphere – 2: Characterize Saturn’s atmosphere structure and composition • Measure atmospheric structure and cloud properties at Probe descent location SPRITE is proposed as a New Frontiers candidate mission to address these high-priority Decadal Survey objectives Predecisional information for planning and discussion only 2 jpl.nasa.gov Saturn’s Role in Solar System Formation • Did Saturn arrest Jupiter migration to inner solar system? – In situ measurements will help identify Saturn’s age and formation location – Sample elemental abundances and isotopic ratios from 0.2 to 10 bars pressure Predecisional information for planning and discussion only 3 jpl.nasa.gov Truth Beneath Saturn’s Clouds • What are the properties and locations of Saturn’s various cloud layers? What are vertical profiles of pressure, -
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
The Electromagnetic Spectrum Wavelength/frequency/energy MAP TAP 2003-2004 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 Teacher Page • Content: Physical Science—The Electromagnetic Spectrum • Grade Level: High School • Creator: Dorothy Walk • Curriculum Objectives: SC 1; Intro Phys/Chem IV.A (waves) MAP TAP 2003-2004 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2 MAP TAP 2003-2004 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 3 What is it? • The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete spectrum or continuum of light including radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet light, X- rays and gamma rays • An electromagnetic wave consists of electric and magnetic fields which vibrates thus making waves. MAP TAP 2003-2004 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 4 Waves • Properties of waves include speed, frequency and wavelength • Speed (s), frequency (f) and wavelength (l) are related in the formula l x f = s • All light travels at a speed of 3 s 108 m/s in a vacuum MAP TAP 2003-2004 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 5 Wavelength, Frequency and Energy • Since all light travels at the same speed, wavelength and frequency have an indirect relationship. • Light with a short wavelength will have a high frequency and light with a long wavelength will have a low frequency. • Light with short wavelengths has high energy and long wavelength has low energy MAP TAP 2003-2004 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 6 MAP TAP 2003-2004 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 7 Radio waves • Low energy waves with long wavelengths • Includes FM, AM, radar and TV waves • Wavelengths of 10-1m and longer • Low frequency • Used in many -
ESD) • Styrofoam Cups Safety Guidelines 3
common materials, often found in business and laboratory environments, are all sources of static electricity: • common plastic bags • common types of mending and packing tape • paperwork • common untreated plastic materials Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) • styrofoam cups Safety Guidelines 3. Types of ESD Damage Copyright © 2007 Dialogic Corporation. All rights reserved. Static damage to components can take the form of upset failures or catastrophic failures. 1. Introduction Upset Failure Electrostatic Discharge, or ESD, is defined as the transfer of charge between bodies at different electrical potentials. Upset failures occur when an electrostatic discharge has caused a current flow that is not significant enough to cause total failure, but in use may intermittently If you scuff your feet as you walk across a carpet, electrons move from the result in gate leakage causing software malfunction or incorrect storage of carpet to you, leaving you with excess electrons. Touch a door knob and ZAP! information. The electrons move from you to the knob. You get a shock, at a minimum of 3,000 volts (the threshold of human feeling)! Catastrophic Failure The kind of ESD shock you feel may also be responsible for damaging electronic components in many computers and telecommunications systems. Catastrophic failures can be direct or latent. While it takes an electrostatic discharge of 3,000 volts for you to feel a shock, Direct catastrophic failures occur when a component is damaged to the point much smaller charges, well below the threshold of human sensation, can and where it no longer functions correctly. This is the easiest type of ESD damage often do damage semiconductor devices. -
Hydraulics Manual Glossary G - 3
Glossary G - 1 GLOSSARY OF HIGHWAY-RELATED DRAINAGE TERMS (Reprinted from the 1999 edition of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Model Drainage Manual) G.1 Introduction This Glossary is divided into three parts: · Introduction, · Glossary, and · References. It is not intended that all the terms in this Glossary be rigorously accurate or complete. Realistically, this is impossible. Depending on the circumstance, a particular term may have several meanings; this can never change. The primary purpose of this Glossary is to define the terms found in the Highway Drainage Guidelines and Model Drainage Manual in a manner that makes them easier to interpret and understand. A lesser purpose is to provide a compendium of terms that will be useful for both the novice as well as the more experienced hydraulics engineer. This Glossary may also help those who are unfamiliar with highway drainage design to become more understanding and appreciative of this complex science as well as facilitate communication between the highway hydraulics engineer and others. Where readily available, the source of a definition has been referenced. For clarity or format purposes, cited definitions may have some additional verbiage contained in double brackets [ ]. Conversely, three “dots” (...) are used to indicate where some parts of a cited definition were eliminated. Also, as might be expected, different sources were found to use different hyphenation and terminology practices for the same words. Insignificant changes in this regard were made to some cited references and elsewhere to gain uniformity for the terms contained in this Glossary: as an example, “groundwater” vice “ground-water” or “ground water,” and “cross section area” vice “cross-sectional area.” Cited definitions were taken primarily from two sources: W.B.