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Sezai ÖZÇELİK * Esra TÜYLÜOĞLU * Erdem AYÇİÇEK Journal of Internatonal Mgraton and Humantaran Studes ULUSLARARASI GÖÇ ve İNSANİ ÇALIŞMALAR DERGİSİ Cilt/Volume: 1 Sayı/Number : 1 Kasım/Novemer 2020 Journal Of Internatonal Mgraton and Humantaran Studes Cilt 1, Sayı 1, Kasım 2020 / Vol. 1, Issue 1, November 2020 Uluslararası Göç ve İnsani Çalışmalar Dergisi Journal of International Migration & Humanitarian Studies Uluslararası Göç ve İnsani Çalışmalar Dergisi - 2020 Uluslararası Göç ve İnsani Çalışmalar Dergisi Journal of International Migration & Humanitarian Studies Cilt 1, Sayı 1, Kasım 2020 / Vol. 1, Issue 1, November 2020 ISSN: 2718-0723 Sahibi ve Yazı İşleri Müdürü / Owner and General Director Veysel AYHAN Editörler / Editors Sezai ÖZÇELİK * Esra TÜYLÜOĞLU * Erdem AYÇİÇEK Hakem ve Danışma Kurulu / Advisory Board Erdem AYÇİÇEK, Esra TÜYLÜOĞLU, Fatih ŞEN, Kaan DİLEK, Kemal KAYA, Nazlı A. ALGAN, Ömer Çağrı TECER, Samir ALTUNKAYNAK, Sezai ÖZÇELİK Yayın Danışmanı / Publishing Consultant Nazlı A. ALGAN Dergi Tasarım ve Mizanpaj İbrahim DİLEK İletişim / Contact Web: www.https://journal.fmstudies.org/ E-Posta: [email protected] Yayın / Publication Altı Aylık, Yerel Süreli Yayın Baskı: Salmat Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti. Uluslararası Göç ve İnsani Çalışmalar Dergisi, yılda iki sayı yayınlanan uluslararası ha- kemli bir dergidir. Yayımlanan yazıların sorumluluğu yazarına aittir. © Yayımlanan yazıla- rın telif hakları Uluslararası Göç ve İnsani Çalışmalar Dergisi’ne aittir, yayıncının izni olma- dan yazıların tümü, bir kısmı ya da bölümleri çoğaltılamaz, basılamaz ve yayımlanamaz. Akademik ve haber amaçlı kısa alıntılar yapılabilir. Journal of International Migration and Hımanitarian Studies Uluslararası Göç ve İnsani Çalışmalar Dergisi Cilt 1, Sayı 1, Kasım 2020 / Vol. 1, Issue 1, November 2020 İçindekiler / Contents Explanation and Understanding Of The Conflict in the Crimean Peninsula: The Soviet Genocide (Sürgün) and Situation of the Crimean Tatars Kırım Sezai Özçelik Yarımadasındaki Çatışmanın Anlaşılması ve Açıklanması: Sovyet Soykırımı 9 (Sürgün) Ve Kırım Tatarlarının Durumu القرم بعد التطهير العرﻗﻲ اﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺘﻲ وﻧﻔﻴﻬﻢ راالتت عجزيرة اﻟﻘﺮم ، ضو هبيف ش عالنزا مرشح وفه Mültecilere Yönelik İnsani Yaklaşımlardaki Temel İlkeler ve Sektörel Müdahaleler Erdem AYÇİÇEK Essential Principles in Humanitarian Approaches Towards Refugees And 47 Sectoral Interventions ةيعاالقط تالالجئين واﻟﺘﺪخال هاجت ةيناسناإل جيف النه ةيساساأل ئدابالم Türkiye’nin Göç ve Uyum Politikasının Kurumsal Boyutu Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Suriye Mülteciler Örneği Ömer Ç. TECER 65 A Study on Institutional Dimension of Turkey’s Migration And Integra- tion Policy: Syrian Refugees Example دريينرولالجئين الس لاثم :ةيالترك جامدنرة واالجاله ةساييس لسسعد المؤبال لوح ةسا Türkiye’deki Iraklıların Eğitim Hizmetlerinden Yararlanma Durumları Nazlı A. ALGAN ve Karşılaşılan Sorunlar: Ankara Örneği 79 Utilisation Situation of Educational Services and Barriers Faced Among Iraqis in Turkey: Ankara Case قرةنأ لاثم : ماجههوت يالت لكاشوالم ايركت ني يفيقالعرا بيردت تامخد نم ةدافتساال Hakkımızda / About luslararası Göç ve İnsani Çalışmalar Dergisi, zorunlu göç, si- Uyaset, uluslararası hukuk, göç, insan hakları ve diplomasi ile ilgili makaleleri içeren basılı ve çevrimiçi sürümleri bulunan hakemli bir akademik dergidir. Aynı zamanda bir kitap inceleme bölümü içe- rir. Uluslararası Göç ve İnsani Çalışmalar Dergisi, zorunlu göç, insa- ni yardımlar ve ilgili alanlarda akademik perspektifler geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Türkçe zorunlu göç literatürüne katkıda bulunmaya öncelik vermenin yanı sıra, aynı zamanda bölgesel ve global düzeyde yürütülen teorik, pratik ve / veya saha çalışmalarına katılarak, küresel zorunlu göç ve insani çalışmalar literatürüne katkı sağlamaktadır. Derginin yayına hazırlanmasında emeği geçen tüm dostlarımıza teşekkürü borç biliriz. § he Journal of International Migration and Humanitarian Stu- Tdies is a refereed academic journal with printed and on-line versions that includes articles on forced migration, politics, interna- tional law, migration, human rights and diplomacy. It also includes a book-review section. The journal of International Migration and Humanitarian Studies aims at developing academic perspectives in forced migration, huma- nitarian aids, and related fields. While it had prioritized contributing to the forced migration literature in Turkish, the journal also contribu- tes to the global forced migration and humanitarian studies literature through engaging in theoretical, practical, and/or field studies on regi- onal as well as international level. Sezai ÖZÇELİK § EXPLANATION AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONFLICT IN THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA: THE SOVIET GENOCIDE (SÜRGÜN) AND SITUATION OF THE CRIMEAN TATARS § KIRIM YARIMADASINDAKİ ÇATIŞMANIN ANLAŞIL- MASI ve AÇIKLANMASI: SOVYET SOYKIRIMI (SÜR- GÜN) VE KIRIM TATARLARININ DURUMU § شرح وفهم النزاع في شبه جزيرة القرم ، وضع التتار القرم بعد التطهير العرقي السوفيتي ونفيهم Cilt 1, Sayı 1, Kasım 2020 / Vol. 1, Iss. 1, Nov. 2020 Sezai ÖZÇELİK1 Abstract: This article aims to make it possible to explain and understand the root cau- ses of conflict in the Crimean Peninsula since the Crimean Tatars have returned their homeland (Yeşil Ada). The analysis of the sources of the Crimean conflict requires to investigate the history of the peninsula and especially the Soviet Genocide (Sürgün). After focusing on the psycho-analytical and psycho-dynamics of the Crimean history, the research uses one of the most important conflict resolution theory, the basic hu- man needs (BHNs) theory, on the Crimean case. The 1994 Crimean Crisis with conflict problems and issues of the Crimean Tatars are examined in this research. In conclu- sion, the Crimean conflict may be resolved by the application of the conflict manage- ment, resolution and transformation. Also, there is a need to have a comprehensive economic, political, democratic and social reforms in Ukraine and Russia in general and in Crimea in particular. Key Words: Crimean Tatars, Ukraine, Basic Human Needs Theory, Deportation, Cri- mea, conflict prevention, conflict resolution. Özet: Bu makale, Kırım Tatarlarının anavatanlarına (Yeşil Ada) dönüşlerinden bu yana Kırım Yarımadası’ndaki çatışmanın ana nedenlerini anlamayı ve açıklamayı mümkün kılmayı hedeflemektedir. Kırım çatışmasının kaynaklarının analizi, yarımadanın tari- hini ve özellikle Sovyet Soykırımı’nı (Sürgün) incelemeyi gerektirmektedir. Kırım tari- hinin psikanalitik ve psiko-dinamiklerine odaklandıktan sonra, araştırmada en önemli çatışma çözüm teorilerinden olan temel insan ihtiyaçları (BHNs) teorisine Kırım ör- nekleminde başvurulmuştur. Bu araştırmada, 1994 Kırım Krizi ve Kırım Tatarlarının sorunları çatışma sorunları ile birlikte incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Kırım çatışmasının, çatışma yönetimi, çözümü ve dönüşümü uygulamalarıyla çözülebileceği üzerinde du- rulmuştur. Ayrıca, genel olarak Ukrayna ve Rusya’da ve özel olarak da Kırım’da kap- samlı bir ekonomik, siyasi, demokratik ve sosyal reformlara ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kırım Tatarları, Ukrayna, Temel İnsan İhtiyaçları Teorisi, Sürgün, Kırım, Çatışma Önleme, Çatışma Çözüm الخالصــة: تهــدف هــذه املقالــة إىل إتاحــة رشح وفهــم األســباب الجذريــة للــراع يف شــبه جزيــرة القــرم منــذ أن عــاد تتــار القــرم إىل وطنهــم ( الجزيــرة الخــراء يتطلــب تحليــل مصــادر الــراع يف القــرم التحقيــق يف تاريــخ شــبه الجزيــرة وخاصــة اإلبــادة الجامعيــة الســوفيتية. بعــد الرتكيــز عــى التحليــل النفــيس والديناميكيــات النفســية لتاريــخ القــرم ، يســتخدم البحــث واحــدة مــن أهــم نظريــة حــل النزاعــات ، نظريــة االحتياجــات اإلنســانية األساســية، يف حالــة القــرم. يتــم فحــص أزمــة 1994 القــرم مــع مشــاكل الــراع وقضايــا تتــار القــرم يف هــذا البحــث. يف الختــام ، ميكــن حــل رصاع القــرم مــن خــالل تطبيــق إدارة الــراع وحلهــا وتحويلهــا. كــام أن هنــاك حاجــة إلجــراء إصالحــات اقتصاديــة وسياســية ودميقراطيــة واجتامعيــة شــاملة يف أوكرانيــا وروســيا بشــكل عــام وشــبه جزيــرة القــرم بشــكل خــاص. الكلــات املفتاحيــة: تتــار القــرم ، أوكرانيــا ، نظريــة االحتياجــات اإلنســانية األساســية ، الرتحيــل ، القــرم ، منــع النزاعــات ، حــل النزاعــات. 1 Prof. Dr. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Öğretim Üyesi 10 Sezai ÖZÇELİK: Explanation And Understanding of The Conflict In The Crimean Peninsula... 1. INTRODUCTION Although it is not as well-known as the ethnic conflicts in Bosnia, Kosova, and Chechnya currently there is an escalating conflict with a non-violence aspect on the Crimean peninsula between Russians, Ukrainians, and the repatriating Crimean Tatars. The Crimean Tatars, a “deported people” forced en masse to relocate from Crimea to remote parts of Central Asia in 1944, began to return their homeland in 1988.1 In 1988, after more than thirty years of pressure, the Soviet Union gave the Crimean Tatars permission to return to Crimea. It is estimated that at least 250,000 Crimean Tatars have already returned, and it is expected that tens of thousand more have returned in the 21st century. Together with the dispute between Russia and Ukraine about the political status of Crimea, the Crimean Tatars’ presence could spark a more fundamental political crisis. Thus, the multi-national peninsula with very sharp ethnic, cultural and religious cleavages is slowly turning into an area of conflict that might turn into violence any minute, if the international community does not pay enough attention to prevent it.2 The Crimean Tatars case provides a clear example of the conflictual relationship between the interest in nation-state
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