The Use of Structuralism and Poststructuralism in Library and Information Science
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Perceptual Variation and Structuralism
NOUSˆ 54:2 (2020) 290–326 doi: 10.1111/nous.12245 Perceptual Variation and Structuralism JOHN MORRISON Barnard College, Columbia University Abstract I use an old challenge to motivate a new view. The old challenge is due to variation in our perceptions of secondary qualities. The challenge is to say whose percep- tions are accurate. The new view is about how we manage to perceive secondary qualities, and thus manage to perceive them accurately or inaccurately. I call it perceptual structuralism. I first introduce the challenge and point out drawbacks with traditional responses. I spend the rest of the paper motivating and defending a structuralist response. While I focus on color, both the challenge and the view generalize to the other secondary qualities. 1. Perceptual Variation Our perceptual experiences tell us that lemons are yellow and sour. It’s natural to infer that lemons really are yellow and sour. But perceptions vary, even among ordinary observers. Some perceive lemons as slightly greener and sweeter. This gives rise to a challenge that forces us to rethink the nature of perception and the objectivity of what we perceive. For concreteness, I’ll focus on the perceptions of two ordinary observers, Miriam and Aaron. I’ll also focus on their perceptions of a particular lemon’s color. These restrictions will make the challenge easier to understand and the responses easier to compare. But the challenge and responses are perfectly general. Toward the end of the paper I’ll return to sourness and the other secondary qualities. When Miriam and Aaron look at the same lemon, their perceptions differ. -
The Meanings of Structuralism : Considerations on Structures and Gestalten, with Particular Attention to the Masks of Levi-Strauss
The meanings of structuralism : considerations on structures and Gestalten, with particular attention to the masks of Levi-Strauss Sonesson, Göran Published in: Segni e comprensione 2012 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Sonesson, G. (2012). The meanings of structuralism : considerations on structures and Gestalten, with particular attention to the masks of Levi-Strauss. Segni e comprensione, XXVI(78), 84-101. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 International RIVISTA TELEMATICA QUADRIMESTRALE - ANNO XXVI NUOVA SERIE - N. 78 – SETTEMBRE-DICEMBRE 2012 1 This Review is submitted to international peer review Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) Segni e comprensione International Pubblicazione promossa nel 1987 dal Dipartimento di Filosofia e Scienze sociali dell’Università degli Studi di Lecce, oggi Università del Salento, con la collaborazione del “Centro Italiano di Ricerche fenomenologiche” con sede in Roma, diretto da Angela Ales Bello. -
Durkheim and Organizational Culture
IRLE IRLE WORKING PAPER #108-04 June 2004 Durkheim and Organizational Culture James R. Lincoln and Didier Guillot Cite as: James R. Lincoln and Didier Guillot. (2004). “Durkheim and Organizational Culture.” IRLE Working Paper No. 108-04. http://irle.berkeley.edu/workingpapers/108-04.pdf irle.berkeley.edu/workingpapers Durkheim and Organizational Culture James R. Lincoln Walter A. Haas School of Business University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 Didier Guillot INSEAD Singapore June , 2004 Prepared for inclusion in Marek Kocsynski, Randy Hodson, and Paul Edwards (editors): Social Theory at Work . Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Durkheim and Organizational Culture “The degree of consensus over, and intensity of, cognitive orientations and regulative cultural codes among the members of a population is an inv erse function of the degree of structural differentiation among actors in this population and a positive, multiplicative function of their (a) rate of interpersonal interaction, (b) level of emotional arousal, and (c) rate of ritual performance. ” Durkheim’ s theory of culture as rendered axiomatically by Jonathan Turner (1990) Introduction This paper examines the significance of Emile Durkheim’s thought for organization theory , particular attention being given to the concept of organizational culture. We ar e not the first to take the project on —a number of scholars have usefully addressed the extent and relevance of this giant of Western social science for the study of organization and work. Even so, there is no denying that Durkheim’s name appears with vast ly less frequency in the literature on these topics than is true of Marx and W eber, sociology’ s other founding fathers . -
Structuralism 1. the Nature of Meaning Or Understanding
Structuralism 1. The nature of meaning or understanding. A. The role of structure as the system of relationships Something can only be understood (i.e., a meaning can be constructed) within a certain system of relationships (or structure). For example, a word which is a linguistic sign (something that stands for something else) can only be understood within a certain conventional system of signs, which is language, and not by itself (cf. the word / sound and “shark” in English and Arabic). A particular relationship within a شرق combination society (e.g., between a male offspring and his maternal uncle) can only be understood in the context of the whole system of kinship (e.g., matrilineal or patrilineal). Structuralism holds that, according to the human way of understanding things, particular elements have no absolute meaning or value: their meaning or value is relative to other elements. Everything makes sense only in relation to something else. An element cannot be perceived by itself. In order to understand a particular element we need to study the whole system of relationships or structure (this approach is also exactly the same as Malinowski’s: one cannot understand particular elements of culture out of the context of that culture). A particular element can only be studied as part of a greater structure. In fact, the only thing that can be studied is not particular elements or objects but relationships within a system. Our human world, so to speak, is made up of relationships, which make up permanent structures of the human mind. B. The role of oppositions / pairs of binary oppositions Structuralism holds that understanding can only happen if clearly defined or “significant” (= essential) differences are present which are called oppositions (or binary oppositions since they come in pairs). -
Putting Structuralism Back Into Structural Inequality Anders Walker Saint Louis University School of Law
Saint Louis University School of Law Scholarship Commons All Faculty Scholarship 2019 Freedom and Prison: Putting Structuralism Back into Structural Inequality Anders Walker Saint Louis University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/faculty Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Walker, Anders, Freedom and Prison: Putting Structuralism Back into Structural Inequality (January 4, 2019). University of Louisville Law Review, Vol. 49, No. 267, 2019. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. FREEDOM AND PRISON: PUTTING STRUCTURALISM BACK INTO STRUCTURAL INEQUALITY Anders Walker* ABSTRACT Critics of structural racism frequently miss structuralism as a field of historical inquiry. This essay reviews the rise of structuralism as a mode of historical analysis and applies it to the mass incarceration debate in the United States, arguing that it enriches the work of prevailing scholars in the field. I. INTRODUCTION Structuralism has become a prominent frame for discussions of race and inequality in the United States, part of a larger trend that began in the wake of Barack Obama’s presidential victory in 2008. This victory was a moment -
Read Book Writing and Thinking in the Social Sciences 1St Edition
WRITING AND THINKING IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Sharon Friedman | 9780139700620 | | | | | Writing and Thinking in the Social Sciences 1st edition PDF Book Psychology is a very broad science that is rarely tackled as a whole, major block. This means that, though anthropologists generally specialize in only one sub-field, they always keep in mind the biological, linguistic, historic and cultural aspects of any problem. For a detailed explanation of typical research paper organization and content, be sure to review Table 3. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. Understanding Academic Writing and Its Jargon The very definition of jargon is language specific to a particular sub-group of people. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The fields of urban planning , regional science , and planetology are closely related to geography. What might have caused it? It is an application of pedagogy , a body of theoretical and applied research relating to teaching and learning and draws on many disciplines such as psychology , philosophy , computer science , linguistics , neuroscience , sociology and anthropology. The Center is located in Taper Hall, room Historical geography is often taught in a college in a unified Department of Geography. The results section is where you state the outcome of your experiments. This means adding advocacy and activist positions to analysis and the generation of new knowledge. Search this Guide Search. Present your findings objectively, without interpreting them yet. However, what is valued in academic writing is that opinions are based on what is often termed, evidence-based reasoning, a sound understanding of the pertinent body of knowledge and academic debates that exist within, and often external to, your discipline. -
2. Natural Versus Social Sciences: on Understanding in Economics* Wolfgang Drechsler
2. Natural versus social sciences: on understanding in economics* Wolfgang Drechsler Verstehen ist der ursprüngliche Seinscharakter des menschlichen Lebens selber. (Gadamer 1990, p. 264, 1989, p. 259) Half a century ago, Ludwig von Mises concluded an essay with a title very similar to the present one by addressing the proponents of mathematical economics thus: ‘If it may some day be necessary to reform economic theory radically this change will not take its direction along the lines sug- gested by the present critics. The objections of these are thoroughly refuted forever’ (1942, p. 253).1 Mises’s first statement was factually wrong; this does not mean, however, that the second one was incorrect as well. Indeed, it seems to me that the problem of the current mainstream, math- ematical, usually neoclassical approach to economics2 is two-fold. It is flawed both practically and theoretically: practically because it does not deliver, theoretically because it rests on premises that are problematic at best, and extrapolates from them by equally questionable means. The argu- ment by its protagonists has been to excuse practical problems by pointing to theoretical truth-value, and theoretical ones by pointing to practical success. This chapter concentrates on the theoretical problems. It rests on the assumption, rather than tries to demonstrate, that mathematical econom- ics does not deliver; if one feels that it does, then one need not read on. But of course the theoretical problems have a practical connection (see Kant 1992, pp. 23–5), because the purpose of pursuing economic scholarship is not to create an aesthetically pleasing theoretical system, but rather to say something meaningful and consequential, directly or indirectly, about reality. -
Social Sciences and Humanities in Research on Space Exploration: Results of a Bibliometric Analysis
Social Sciences and Humanities in Research on Space Exploration: Results of a Bibliometric Analysis E S P I PERSPECTIVES 45 Social Sciences and Humanities in Research on Space Exploration: Results of a Bibliometric Analysis Roberta DAVERI, Research Intern and Gerhard THIELE, Resident Fellow, ESPI Space exploration is an area of research and activity that is usually associated with natural sciences. However, many key questions regarding space exploration concern the social sciences or the humanities, i.e. questions with an epistemological background. Therefore it is obvious that contributions from social sciences and the humanities are instrumental when trying to understand the meaning and impact of space exploration on humankind in its full richness. While the usefulness, even the necessity, of such a multidisciplinary approach is beyond any doubt, it is not clear how well research in the area of social sciences and the humanities is established today in the field of space exploration. This Perspective presents the results of a bibliometric analysis on the research, which has been performed in this field until today. The starting point of this analysis was two books on Humans in Outer Space, which have been published by ESPI in 2009 and earlier this year. The European Science Foundation (ESF), which played an essential role in publishing both books, supported this analysis especially with helpful discussions regarding the methodology and the definition of main questions. The analysis aims to highlight to what extent research on space exploration is being addressed by the social sciences and humanities or whether this multidisciplinary research is still just a subset within natural sciences. -
What Is Structuralism?
What Is Structuralism? M. S. Lourenço LanCog, Universidade de Lisboa Disputatio Vol. 3, No. 27 November 2009 DOI: 10.2478/disp-2009-0012 ISSN: 0873-626X © 2009 Lourenço. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License What is structuralism?* M. S. Lourenço University of Lisbon I. Introduction Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Let me start by saying how I interpret this meeting, because that does determine what I am going to say next. I think about this meeting as a kind of technology fair, where products are for the first time shown and tested. The purpose of this meeting, as I see it, is to bring together professional philoso- phers doing analytic philosophy and ask them to show their products, so that hopefully we end up not only with a map of who is doing what but also with an increased pride in having given an old profession a distinctly new profile. I would like to say why I think this is important and for that purpose I will revert to my technology metaphor. The practice of analytic philosophy requires such an intensive training and such a peculiar skill that each philosopher becomes by its practice a specialist, in Taylor’s sense of the word. This is a reversal of a long-standing tradition of the philosopher as a generalist and, as we all know, anybody who wants to do analytic philosophy has to give up any claims to being a generalist. However, this is not to be seen as unfortunate in any way, because it is simply a by-product, on one hand, of the size of the literature in each of the traditional philosophical domains and, on the other, of the modern diversity of methods used in each of them. -
Philosophy of the Social Sciences Blackwell Philosophy Guides Series Editor: Steven M
The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences Blackwell Philosophy Guides Series Editor: Steven M. Cahn, City University of New York Graduate School Written by an international assembly of distinguished philosophers, the Blackwell Philosophy Guides create a groundbreaking student resource – a complete critical survey of the central themes and issues of philosophy today. Focusing and advancing key arguments throughout, each essay incorporates essential background material serving to clarify the history and logic of the relevant topic. Accordingly, these volumes will be a valuable resource for a broad range of students and readers, including professional philosophers. 1 The Blackwell Guide to Epistemology Edited by John Greco and Ernest Sosa 2 The Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory Edited by Hugh LaFollette 3 The Blackwell Guide to the Modern Philosophers Edited by Steven M. Emmanuel 4 The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic Edited by Lou Goble 5 The Blackwell Guide to Social and Political Philosophy Edited by Robert L. Simon 6 The Blackwell Guide to Business Ethics Edited by Norman E. Bowie 7 The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Science Edited by Peter Machamer and Michael Silberstein 8 The Blackwell Guide to Metaphysics Edited by Richard M. Gale 9 The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Education Edited by Nigel Blake, Paul Smeyers, Richard Smith, and Paul Standish 10 The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Mind Edited by Stephen P. Stich and Ted A. Warfield 11 The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences Edited by Stephen P. Turner and Paul A. Roth 12 The Blackwell Guide to Continental Philosophy Edited by Robert C. -
Introduction to Developmental and Historical Structuralism
RB-72-53 INTRODUCTION TO DEVELOPMENTAL AND HISTORICAL STRUCTURALISM Klaus F. Riegel University of Michigan 1 To appear as a chapter in K. F. Riegel (Ed.), I Structure, Transformation, Interaction: Develop mental and Historical Aspects (Vol. I. Topics in Human Development). Basel: Karger, 1973. Educational Testing Service Princeton, New Jersey November 1972 Introduction to Developmental and Historical Structuralism Klaus F. Riegel The following essay introduces structuralism from several different angles. In the first section of this introduction, the concept of structure (and in extension those of schema, pattern, gestalt, etc.) will be contrasted with that of function (and in extension those of activity, interaction, transforma tion, etc.). Such a comparison will not merely reconfirm the old dichotomy as introduced into psychology by James and Titchner, but will emphasize the mutual dependency of structure and functions. In this attempt we rely on Piaget's interpretations and, thus, emphasize genetic aspects. Reference will also be given to recent trends in linguistics, especially to Chomsky's transformational grammar. In the second section, we trace the origin of these ideas to some reformu lations in mathematics proposed during the second half of the 19th century by Dedekind, Frege, Russell and others. The new emphasis stressed the analysis of relational orders and classes and thus contributed to the foundation for structural interpretations. Further steps in this direction were taken in Carnap's early work, which is represented in the third section. Carnap provides explicit descriptions of structural interpretations, by relying on some positivists of the late 19th century, especially Mach, Poincare and Avenarius. whose contributions- unfortunately--have frequently been viewed in clear antithesis to structural descriptions. -
Social Science A.A
Social Science A.A. Curriculum Code: 0121 Effective: Fall 2021 – Summer 2026 Description This degree is designed for students who intend to transfer to a four-year college or university to pursue a baccalaureate degree in this subject area. Students completing this curriculum will also satisfy the Michigan Transfer Agreement (MTA) between two-year and four-year institutions in Michigan and qualify for an LCC Transfer Studies Certificate of Achievement (1482). Additional Information A student must earn a minimum grade of 2.0 in all courses. Contact Information Contact the Sociology/Anthropology Program in the Arts & Sciences Building, Room 2203, telephone number 517-483-1018, or the Academic Advising Department, Gannon Building - StarZone, telephone number 517-483-1904. General Education – Transfer Degrees (MTA), Recommended Courses (For the full list of options, see General Education) English Composition – Select one ENGL 121, Composition I, 4 credits / 4 billing hours ENGL 131, Honors Composition I, 4 credits / 4 billing hours English Composition (second course) or Communications – Select one ENGL 122, Composition II, 4 credits / 4 billing hours ENGL 132, Honors Composition II, 4 credits / 4 billing hours Humanities and Fine Arts – Select two, each from a different discipline HIST 211, U.S. History to 1877, 4 credits / 4 billing hours HIST 212, U.S. History: 1877 to Present, 4 credits / 4 billing hours HUMS 140, Art of Being Human, 4 credits / 4 billing hours HUMS 160, Mythology, 4 credits / 4 billing hours PHIL 151, Intro to Logic