ORGANISM INDEX

Acetogenium, 93 Azolla, 317 Acetogenium kivui, 97 Azospirillum lipoferum, 183 Acidianus, 93 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, 9, 11 Bacillus, 117, 223 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, 9, 11 Bacillus subtilis, 230, 302 Acontium culatium, 12 Bacteriastrum, 687, 692, 698 Actinoptychus, 687, 698 Balnearium, 93 Aeropyrum pernix, 302 Bathymodiolus, 310, 313 Agaricus bisporus, 63 Botryococcus, 242, 689, 692 Alvinella, 96, 310, 313 Bradyrhizobium, 117, 313, 317, 320 Ammonifex degensii, 97 Bradyrhizobium japonicum, 320 Ammoniflex, 93, 97 Brevibacterium, 117 Amphistegina, 311, 315, 318, 320 Buchneria, 309, 313, 316 Amphistegina lessonii, 315, 320 Amphistegina lobifera, 320 Caenorhabditis elegans, 209–211 Anabaena, 317, 687–690, 697–699 Caminibacter, 93 Ancylostoma duodenale, 230 Carboxydocella thermautotropha, 98 Ankistrodesmus, 697 Carboxydothermus Aphanizomenon, 688–689, 698–699 hydrogenoformans, 97–98 Aphanocapsa feldmanni, 313 Caulerpa, 41, 47 Aquifex, 93 Cellulomonas, 117 Aquificales, 93, 96, 101 Cephaleuros, 44 Arabidopsis thaliana, 302 Cephalosporium, 12 Archaea, 5, 7–8, 10–13, 15, 17, 24, Ceratium, 688 26, 28–29, 79–84, 91–97, 100, Ceratium longipes, 690 116, 134, 138, 220, 233, 289, Ceratium symatrix, 690 291, 294–298, 301–302, 328, Cladophora, 46 440, 449–450, 670–672, 674, Cladosporium, 671, 677–678 725, 741–742 Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Archaeoglobus, 95, 302 677–678 Archaeoglobus fulgidus, 302 Clavibacter, 117 Arthrobacter, 117 Cliona veridis, 313 Asobara tabida, 337 Closterium, 687, 698 Aspergilus versicolor, 677–678 Clostridium, 93, 97 Aspergillus, 70, 677–678 Codium, 46–47 Aspergillus flavus, 677–678 Crenarchaeota, 93, 95, 138 Aspergillus fumigatus, 71 Crenarchaeota, 93, 95, 138 Aspergullus candidus, 677–678 Cryptococcus, 117 Aureobacterium, 117 Cyanidioschyzon merolae, 13 Aureobasidium pullulans, 677–678 Cyanidium, 6–7, 11, 13, 18

745 746 ORGANISMS INDEX

Cyanidium caldarium, 6–7, 11, 13, 41 Escherichia coli, 25, 183, 210 Cyclotella, 687, 692, 698 Eudorina, 689 cystofilobasidium, 117 Euglena mutabilis, 11 Chaetophora, 46, 692, 697 Euprymna, 319 Chara, 43 Euprymna hyllebergi, 319 Chlamydodomonas nivalis, 10, 41 Euprymna scolopes, 313 Chlamydomonas, 12, 43, 46, 311, 313 Euprymna tasmanica, 319 Chlamydomonas acidophila, 11 Eurotium, 671, 677–678 Chlamydomonas hedleyi Eurotium amstelodami, 677–678 Chlamydomonas nivali, 10, 41 Euryarchaeota, 93, 95, 101, 138 Chlamydomonas provasolii, 313 Chlorella, 45–46, 313 Ferroglobus, 93 Chlorella vulgaris, 313 Ferroglobus placidus, 95, 97 Chlorohydra viridis, 313 Flavobacterium, 85, 117, 313 Chondrilla nucula, 313 Frankia, 117 Friedmaniella, 117 Deferribacter, 93, 96 Fucus, 44 Deinococcuc radiodurans, 6 Fusarium, 677–678 Desulfacinum, 93 Fusarium verticillioides, 677–678 Desulfotomaculum, 93, 97 Desulfurella, 93, 96 Galdieria sulphuraria, 13 Desulfurobacterium, 93 Geobacter sulfurreducens, 273 Detonula, 691 Geoglobus, 93 Dicrocoelium dendriticum, 333 Geoglobus ahangari, 95 Dinophysis, 688, 690–691, 693, 699 Geothermobacterium, 93, 96 Dinophysis caudata, 690–691 Geothermobacterium Dionophysis, 688, 690–691, 693, 699 hydrogeniphilum, 96 Drosophila melanogaster, 210, 337 Gloeotrichia, 688, 690–691, 698 Dunaliella, 6, 13, 78, 84 Gomphosphaeria, 690–691, 698 Dunaliella acidophila, 6, 11 Gracilaria, 49 Dunaliella parva, 41 Gunnera, 317 Dunaliella salina, 41 Dydidae herbecea, 313 Halanaerobiales, 82, 85 Halobacteriaceae, 6, 79–81 Ectocarpus, 43 Halobacterium, 26, 82, 84 Elphidium, 313 Haloferax, 79 Elysia viridis, 311 Haloferax volcanii, 79 Emericalla stellamaris, 666, 673, Halomonas, 80 677–678 Halomonas halmophila, 183 Emericella, 677–678 Halospirulina tapeticola, 79 Emericella appendiculata, 677–678 Halothece, 79 Epicoccum, 677–678 Haynesina, 313 Epicoccum nigrum, 677–678 Hepadnaviridae, 216, 220 Escarpia, 310, 313 Heterostegina depressa, 314 Escherichia, 25, 183, 210 Histoplasma, 71 ORGANISMS INDEX 747

Hortaea werneckii, 671, 677–678 Nautiliales, 96 Hydra magnipillata, 319 Necator americanus, 230 Hydra viridissima, 319 Nephromyces, 329 Hydrodictyon, 46 Nitratiruptor, 93 Hydrogenimonas, 93 Nitzschia frustulum symbiotica, 314–315 Ignicoccus, 93 Nitzschia palea, 14 Iridaea anceps, 42 Nocardia, 117 Nocardoides, 117 Karenia brevis, 47 Kirchneriella, 697 Ornithocercus, 688 Oscillatoria, 12, 112, 313 Lamellibrachia, 310, 313 Lebetimonas, 93 Paenibacillus, 117 Leucosporidium, 117 Paralia, 692 Paramecium, 45, 313 Macrocystis pyrifera, 41 Paramecium bursaria, 313 Matsigocladus, 6 Parescarpia, 310, 313 Melosira, 692–693 Pediastrum, 46, 687, 693 Metarotaliella, 313 Pediastrum angulosum, 696 Methanocaldococcus, 92–93 Pediastrum duplex, 696 Methanopyrus, 10, 93–94 Pediculus humanus capitis, 330 Methanothermobacter, 92–93 Pediculus humanus corporis, 330 Methanothermococcus, 92–93 Pediculus schaeffi, 330 Methanothermus, 93 Penicillium chrysogenum, 677–678 Methylobacterium, 117 Peridinium, 690–691, 699 Micrasterias, 687, 696–698 Persephonella, 93 Micrasterias hardyii, 696–697 Phaeotheca, 677–678 Micrasterias rotata, 696–697 Phaeotheca triangularis, 677–678 Microbacterium, 117 Photobacterium leiognathi, 313 Micrococcus, 117 Photololigo octiluca, 313 Microcoleus, 79 Phylllophora antarctica, 42 Microcoleus chthonoplastes, 79 Phytophthora, 336 Micromonospora, 117 Picrophilus oshimae, 6, 11, 26 Monocentris japonica, 313 Picrophilus torridus, 11 Monostroma, 46 Pinnularia braunii, 12 Moorella (Clostridium), 93 Pithophora, 44 Mycobacterium, 117 Placobranchus ianthobapsus, 311 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 302 Planococcus, 117 Myxococcus, 24 Plasmodium, 329 Plectonema nostocorum, 12 Nanoatchaeum, 24 Pleurococcus, 14 Nanochloris, 12 Polaromonas, 6, 26 Natronobacterium, 6, 26 Porphyridium, 311, 313 Nautilia, 93, 96 Porphyridium pupereum, 313 748 ORGANISMS INDEX

Postelsia palmaeformis, 42 stenotropomonas, 117 Prochloron didemni, 313 Stigeoclonium, 46 Propioniferax, 117 Stigiolobus, 93 Protoperidinium pentagonum, 690–691 Streptococcus, 24 Pseudomonas, 30 Strombidium, 313 Pseudonitzschia pungens, 47 Symbiococcum hydrae, 319 Pseudotsuga, 328 Symbiodinium, 311, 313 Psychrobacter, 11 Synura, 46 Psychrobacter cryopegella, 17 Pyrobaculum, 93 Tabellaria, 687, 691 Pyrococcus abyssi, 302 Tabellaria flocculosa, 691 Pyrodictium, 93 Tetraspora, 46 Pyrolobus, 6, Theileria, 329 Pyrolobus fumarii, 10, 93, 95 Theileria parva, 329 Pyrosoma, 329 Themococcus barophilus, 15 Thermincola ferriacetica, 97 Rhizobium, 32, 117, 313, 317, 320 Thermincola ferrireducens, 98 Rhizobium leguminosarum, 320 Thermoanaerobacter, 93, 97 Rhizobium meliioyi, 320 Thermoanaerobacter kivui, 97 Rhizobium trifolii, 320 Thermodesulfatator, 93 Rhizopus oryzae, 677 Thermodesulfobacterium, 93, 96 Rhodobacter, 31 Thermoplasma acidophilum,11 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, 117, Thermoproteus, 93 677–678 Thermoterrabacterium, 93, 97 Riftia alvinella, 313 Thermovibrio, 93 Toxoplasma, 329 S. meliloti, 317 Trachelomonas, 45 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 210, 302 Trichosporon ceribriae, 12 Salinabacter, 80–83 Tridachia crispate, 311 Salinibacter ruber, 80 Tridachiella diamedea, 311 Sargassum, 49 Trimmatostroma, 677–678 Scenedesmus, 49, 693, 696 Trimmatostroma salinum, 677–678 Scenedesmus dimorpha, 696 Sepiola robusta, 313 V. logei, 313 Sinorhizobium, 313, 317 Vibrio, 25 Solemya, 310, 313 Vibrio fisheri, 313, 319 Sphingomonas, 117 Spirogyra, 43, 46, 686, 693–694 Wallemia ichthyophaga, 677–678 Spirulina, 6, 12, 688–689 Wolbachia, 309, 313, 316, 329, Spirulina platensis, 12 336–337 Sporobolomyces, 117 Staphylococcus, 24, 117 Zygnema, 687, 693–694 Staurastrum, 687, 692, 694, 696 Zygogonium, 693 Staurastrum arctiscon, 696 SUBJECT INDEX

A alkaliphiles, 6t, 12, 29 a priori reality, notion of, 623–625, alkaliphilic, 26 629, 636 allegorical, 435, 583 ablation, 112, 114, 388–391, 393 , 466, 469 abundance of life in the universe, 542 amino acids, 57–58, 83, 118, 138, abundances, 157, 390, 393, 405–406, 149, 154, 185, 193, 231, 291, 416 316, 377–379, 392, 408, 597, accretion, 114, 155, 158, 387, 394, 651 404, 420 ammonia, 15–16, 32, 149, 155, 157, acidophiles, 6–7, 11–12, 29, 95 172–173, 320, 334, 387, 389 acidophilic, 11, 13, 26 amnesic shellfish poisoning, 47 acquired intellect, 571 amorphous act, 194, 567 carbon, 153, 156, 242, 274, 279, level of, 571 403, 693 activation energy, 651 ice, 118, 155 activation-dependence, 347 silica, 248 activity anabiosis, 115–117 cell, 25, 80, 82, 98, 115, 346, 741 analogy enzymatic, 82, 84, 119, 136, 320 biological, 169, 598, 616 gene, 348 mechanical, 167, 624 human, 49 android epistemology, 624, 628 microbial, 114, 132–135, 137, 139 annulment (Qarèth), 571 neural, 207, 348, 632, 657, 659 anomalies, 491, 496–497, 501, 599 solar activity, 467, 492, 495 anomaly, 492, 496, 499, 599 water, prokaryotes, 6t, 92, 136 anoxygenic photosynthesis, 30, 742 Adriatic Sea, 48 Antarctic, 10, 14, 17, 67, 109–110, advanced civilizations, 477–478 112, 114, 116–117 agent intellect, 571 Antarctica, 10–11, 14, 16–17, 42, Akilia Island, 240–241 111, 120, 155, 251, 392, 476, Alchemists, 594, 596 511 algae, 37, 42–43 anthropic principle, 532–533, 545 brown, 12, 42 Antignos of Sokho, 569–570 green, 6t, 10–13, 23, 39–42 Antinomy, 583–584 red, 13, 39, 42–43 Apex Chert, 245–246, 248, 261–262, algal blooms, 47–48, 699 273, 274, 278 algal symbionts, 318 Apex microfossils, 245–246, 273–274 ALH84001, 251–252 apical extension, 57 alien life, 376, 378 Arctic alien microbes, 376, 731 glaciers, 110, 112, 117, 666 alive, 182, 251, 425, 448, 480, 603, life forms, 17, 116, 120 613, 617–618, 712, 740 Zones, 10, 111–112

749 750 SUBJECT INDEX

Aristarchus, 362–364 basal ice, 113–114, 116 Aristarchus point, 363, 366 beatification, 585 Aristotle, 548, 567, 582, 591, 611 beauty, 526, 665–676 artificial life, 709–717 belief, 529–532, 625, 669 asteroids, 9, 158, 251, 387–388, 393, Bergey’s Manual, 27 402, 408, 420, 725–726 Big Bang , 15, 147–162, 507–516 cosmologies, 511, 522 astrobiology, frontier of, 507, 509 nucleosynthesis, 401, 416 astronomy, history of, 362–364, 366 Big Crunch, 510–511 astrophysics, 522 binding, 230, 250, 632 Atacama Desert, 376 biocomplexity, 191–195, 201–211 Athletes, 703–706 biocosmos, 433–443 ATP, 12, 80, 118, 189, 741 biodiversity, 5–18, 92, 321, 327–516, attributes of man, 516 637, 725–726 autonomy, 193, 291, 442, 530 bio-evolution, 175, 442 autopoiesis, 193 biogenicity, 239, 248, 252, 266, awareness 275–276 cosmic, 436, 484 biogeochemical cycles, 23, 30–32 sensory, 541 bioindicators, 514, 743 visual, 631, 633 biological evolution, 167, 175, 177, 434, 438, 546, 586, 710 B biomarkers, 242–253, 273–279, Bacon, Roger, 530 514 Bacteria biomorphs, 247–253 barophilic, 15, 26, 128, 134 bioreactor, 190 cyanobacteria, 6t, 10–17, 23–33, biotechnology systems, 9 78–253, 261–456, 595–681, biotic evolution, 526 687–742 black hole, 534 eubacteria, 313, 440 Black Sea, 49 halobacteria, 6t, 13, 79–80, Blooms, 41–42, 47–48 84–85 Boltzmann’s context, 647–650 proteobacteria, 96, 101, 117, 296, Boltzmann’s Stosszahl Ansatz, 647 300, 313 Book of Genesis, 522, 530 protophilic, 10, 96–97 Boomerang (Balloon Observations of thermophilic, 10, 96–97 Millimetric Extragalactic bacterial symbionts, 92, 320 Radiation and Geophysics), bacteriochlorophyll, 30 511 bacteriorhodopsin, 30, 80 boundary conditions, 534, 644–645 ball lightning, 495–500 bridging condition, 583–584 Baltic Sea, 48 brine, 85, 109–110, 119, 134, 425, banded iron formations (BIFs), 670–672, 674–675 240–241 brown algae, 12, 42–44, 46, 49 Barberton, 267, 270, 272, 278 Bruno, Giordano, 364, 367–369, 513, barophiles, 7, 11, 15, 27 579–580 barophilic bacteria, 15, 26, 128, 134 Buchnera, 183–184, 316, 331

SUBJECT INDEX 751

C CI carbonaceous chondrites, 152, 156, Callisto, 416, 425, 461, 515 392 cancer of the liver, 217, 225 ciliates, 111, 311, 313, 693 capacity for relationship and moral circumstellar habitable zone reasoning, 544–546 classical mechanics, 644, 646 capped mRNA, 297–298, 299, 301 clays, 153 carbon, 150–151 cleaning symbiosis, 331 cycle, 119, 278–279 clusters, 690 dioxide, 137, 155, 248, 267, 403 in bacterial growth, 24 fractionation, 239–240 CM carbonaceous chondrites, 152, isotopes, 271–273 156, 392 carbonaceous chondrites, 152–154, coccolithophorids, 47–48 156, 158, 241, 392, 408, 449 coccoliths, 48 cardiac arrest, 659–660 Cocconi, G., 368 cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, 657 Cocconi-Morrison point, 368 career span, 704–705 cognitive complexity, 345, 348–352 β-carotene, 78–79 color catastrophes, 441, 620, 726–727, of algae, 42 729–730 of crystallizer ponds, 78, 671–673 celebrity status, 706 of cyanobacteria, 78 cell membrane, 12, 14, 25, 57–58, 68, of Halobacteriaceae, 80 84, 321, 660 of Hessdalen light phenomena, cell wall, 24, 56, 68, 672, 693 495 cellular automata (CA), 711–712, 714 -temperature, 494 τ Ceti, 368 comets, 155–159, 402, 408 Charlemagne, 363 in origin of life, 385–395 chemical complexification, 525 commensalisms, 327 chemical evolution, 149–150, 173–175 communication, 320, 350–351 chemical thermodynamics, 741 cell-cell, 204, 206 chemistry inter-species, 635–636 carbon, 403, 409 comparative anatomy, 526 grain-surface, in solar nebula, compartments, 182, 187–189, 191 150–151 compatible solutes, 82–85 prebiotic, 16, 157, 173 competitive entertainment, 703 reduction of biology to, 171–172 complexity solution, 16 of life, 343–353 chemoautotrophy, 31, 333 of species, 351–352 chemolithotrophy, 31, 333 concrete specification, 646–647 children’s sports, 704 confocal laser scanning microscope, chlorophyll, 30, 55, 78, 692–693 689, 691 chloroplasts, 24, 29, 33, 292, 296, conjugation, 25 311–312, 336, 693–694, 742 consciousness, 555–564 Chromalveolates, 690, 693 constant of nature, 532–533 chronic liver disease, 215–217, 220, contextual dynamics, 643–651 231 contextual selection, 646 752 SUBJECT INDEX contextualization, 646 Darwinian definition, 596–597 continuous creation, 531 Darwinian evolution, 375–376, convergent evolutionary process, 512–514, 596 530 Darwinism, 165–166 Conway, J. H., 712 Dead Sea, 13–14, 41, 77, 79, 668, 672 Copernicus, 363–364 dead zone, 48 Copernicus point, 363, 366–367 death, 202–203, 217, 219, 453, 524, coralline red algae, 41, 46 613, 657–660, 731 corals, 41, 45, 49, 310, 332, 335–336 decadence time span, 366–367, 369 coronal mass ejections (CMEs), 416, decentralizing, 558 422 decoupling, 559–560, 563 CoRoT, 415 DeDuve, Christian, 542 Cosmic Background Explorer deep sea, 92, 94–97, 127–138 (COBE), 510 deep seafloor, 132 cosmic background radiation, 534 defining life, 182, 454, 739–740 cosmic evolution, 434, 437–438 definition for life, 454, 739–740 cosmic life rafts, 439 denitrification, 30, 95 cosmic radiation, 173, 423 desmids, 43, 687, 692, 696, 698 cosmic self-awareness, 436, 484 destiny of life, 512–515, 521–534 cosmological constant, 510–511, 585 detecting planets, 529 cosmology, 507, 523, 533 development, 173–175, 203, 344–345, Cosmos, 434, 436, 465, 483, 512 347–349 creatio ex nihilo, 543, 574 developmental complexity, 201–203, creation, 530–531 344–348 creationism, 530 dialogue, 508–510, 521–522, 527–528, cryoconite holes, 112–113 534 cryoprotectants, 119 diatoms, 6, 10, 12, 42, 45, 47, 119, crystalline, 118, 153, 168, 248, 274, 311, 314, 320, 690 276, 278 dimethylsulfoxide, 31, cubic, 362–371 dinoflagellates, 45, 47, 311, 321, 329, culture experiments, 376 690, 693 culture of sports, 703–706 DIOC(6), 692, 696 Cyanidiaceae, 6, 13 directed , 480 cyanobacteria, 12, 39–41, 67, 78, dissimilatory metabolism, 29–32 111–112, 243, 310, 317, 321, dissipative structures, 453–454 671–673, 689, 698 diversification, 175–176, 354–355 cytoskeleton, 292, 296 divine creation, 605 DNA, 23–24, 27–28, 101, 110–112, D 117, 183–184, 220, 290–292, D/H oceanic ratio, 386 299, 597 Daniel, 573–574 DNA/protein world, 724 Dark Ages, 362–364, 366–367 dogmatic approach, 528 dark energy, 511–512 domoic acid, 47 dark matter, 434, 511–512 Doppler-like signals, 496 , C., 165–166 , 463–464, 470, 481

SUBJECT INDEX 753

Dresser formation, 245 Eukarya, 29, 84, 110, 295, 693 dualism, 613, 626, 628–629 eukaryote evolution, 742 dwarf stars, 421 eukaryotes, 7, 28–29, 32–33, 243, 289, 292, 295–302, 742 E , 16, 375–377, 425, 515, 742 earliest atmosphere of the Earth, Eutrophic, 25 387–388 evil (Ra’or punishment), 567 Earth, 27–28, 158–159, 165–177, evolution, 120, 149–150, 172–175, 391–392, 491–492, 499–501, 202, 292, 299–300, 302–303, 740–741 336–337, 353–355, 361–371, Ectoine, 83–84 415–425, 434, 438, 440–441, Ectomycorrhizae, 332, 334–336 615–616, 643, 742 ectomycorrhizal fungi, 328, 332 evolution of life, 120, 290, 415–425 Einstein, A., 510–511, 525, 594 evolutionary algorithms, 713–714 elementary particle physics, 534 evolutionary biomarkers, 514 elementary specification, 647 evolutionary convergence, 347, 512, ’Emeq Jehoshafàt, 568 514, 742–743 ’Emeq Refim, 568 evolutionary epistemology, 577, 628 emergence, 253, 437 evolutionary naturalism, 523 empiricism, 508–509 evolvability, 182 endoplasmic reticulum, 292, 298 existentialism, 508–509 endorphins, 658 expansion of the universe, 511, 525, endosymbiosis, 45, 296, 329–330, 532 336–337 experience, 555–557, 657–658 endosymbiotic extrasolar planets, 405–407, associations, 331 extraterrestrial habitats, 116 diatoms, 311, 319 extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI), dinoflagellates, 311 461–484, 542–547 interactions, 328 extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI), origin, 296 philosophical and theological energy transformation, 646–647 implications, 542–547 enlightenment, 508–509 (EL), 447–448, enlivened universe, 436–442 541, 740 entropy, 169–170, 175, 611–612 extraterrestrial migration, 498 environment extreme environments, 41, 68, 668 life in saline and hypersaline, extreme saline conditions, 41 77–85 , 5–17, 437 marine, 137 extremophilic (micro)organisms, 741 subglacial, 113–114 episodic divine intervention, 523 F epistemological pluralism, 623–636 faith, 478, 508, 528, 530, 572–573, equilibrium dissipative systems, far 581 from, 452–455 false vacuum, 510–511 ε Eridani, 368 faster-than-light (FTL) space flight, ESA, 252, 371, 476 370 754 SUBJECT INDEX fermentation, 31, 85, 742 geothermal energy, 741 , 468 Giordano Bruno point, 368 Fermi, Enrico, 368, 468 glacial ice, 111–112 filamentous biomorphs, 248 glaciers, 112–113, 117 filamentous cyanobacteria, 321, 671 glucosylglycerol, 83 filamentous microfossils, 244 glycerol, 83–84, 321 final products, 174, 166–167 glycine, 83, 392, 651 final states, 166–167 glycoproteins, 119, 220 fine-tuning, 187, 532–533 God’s immanence, 531 first law of thermodynamics, 168, 646 Golem, 557 Fischer-Tropsch, 150–151, 154, 267 good (Tov or reward), 567 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, 150, 388 Gould, Stephen, 349, 440, 530, 542 fish kills, 47 Granularity, 633–634 flagella, 296 Great God of the Gaps, 529 flagellates, 6, 41, 111 Great Salt Lake, 13, 78 fluorescence, 692 Great Solar Proton Events (GSPE), food, 561–562 423–424 force behind progress, 371 green fluorescent protein (GFP), formation of the sun, 155, 529 189–191 Fourier’s law of heat transfer, 650–651 greenhouse gases, 18, 268, 310, 389, free energy, 170 418, 425 free will, 528 Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), frustules, 311, 319–320 422–423 fumarate, 31 Guide for the Perplexed, 571 functionality, 168–169, 171 Gulf of Mexico, 47–48 fundamentalism, 579 Gunflint Chert, 264–265, 277

G H (GHZ), Habad Hassidut, 605 416–418 habitable zone, 416–419, 421–422 Galaxias, 434–435, 510, 524–525 halite, 80, 668, 670 Galileo mission, 514–515 hallucinations, 556, 560 Galileo, G., 515, 530 haloalkaliphiles, 29 Galut, 568 halophiles, 13–14 game of life, 711–712 halophilic Archaea, 30, 79–80 GARD model, 714, 716 halophilic microorganisms, 78, 84, Garden of Eden, 568–569 670 gas-grain chemistry, 150, 154 halorhodopsin, 80 GCMS, 379 halotolerant Gehinnòm (Gheènna), 568 algae, 41 general relativity, 510–511, 583 microorganisms, 77, 670 generations of stars, 524, 532 prokaryotes, 26 genetic mosaics, 63 hard-wired, 561–562 genome’s complexity, 345–347 harmful algal blomms (HAB), 47–48 HBV vaccination program, 224–225

SUBJECT INDEX 755

HBV vaccination program, 224–225 imago dei, 544–546 heavy bombardment, 264, 385, 408, immortality, 570–571 420, 515 impending death, 657–658 hell, 568 in situ assays, 98–100 helminth, 328, 332 in vitro protein expression, 189–190 α-hemolysin, 191t inanimate universe, 433–436 hepatitis B virus (HBV), 215–233 Incarnation of Christ, 547 heterogeneous catalysis, 151 individualization, 645 heterokaryons, 59 inflection point of the cubic, 363, heteroplasmons, 59 366 high pressure information, 617–618, 629–631 devices, 134–135 inheritance, 175–176, 440 organisms, 14–15 initial states, 166–167 sampling, 130–131 intellectual love, 570 Hilchoth Teshuvah, 572 intelligence, evolution of, 361–371 home galaxy, 730 intelligent creature, 478, 728–730 home planet, 728– 731 intelligent life, 513, 525–528, home star, 728–731 544–546 homeostasis, 741 Intelligibilia (Musqaloth), 567, 571 Horace, 367 intelligibility of the universe, 507–510 host-symbiont specificity, 330 intention, 627 Hot Big Bang, 534 interplanetary dust particles, 155–157, hot early universe, 524 391–392, 408 Hubble Space Telescope, 523–524 inter-species, 635–636 human evolution, 217, 353 interstellar chemistry, 403 human intelligence, 361–364 interstellar migration, 498–499 human intelligence, evolution of, intestine, 25, 329, 332 362–364 intracellular pH, 12, 26, 740–741 hydrodynamic escape, 420–421 Introduction to the Tenth Chapter of hydrogen chloride, 173 Sanhedrin, 572 hydrogen-driven microbial Invalidation, 584 ecosystem, 100 invasive seaweed, 41 hydrostatic pressure, 128, 130–131, invisible hand, 559 136 ionizing radiation, 6, 423 hydrothermal vents, 8–9, 402 iron binding proteins, 230 hypersaline environments, 77–85, irreversible, 169, 203 667–669 Israel 3, 13, 41, 79, 55, 565, 568, 569, hyperthermophiles, 6–8, 10, 96 572, 574, 577, 578, 601, 605, 655, hypothesis of molecualar chaos, 647 668, 707, 719 hypoxic zones, 48 Isua, 240–241, 271 Isua Supracrustal Belt, 240 I ice core, 111–112 J ice shelves, 111 Jesus’ time, 364 ideal definition, 593 Judaic-Christian faith, 530 idealism, 508 Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO), 515 756 SUBJECT INDEX

Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO), living sands, 310 515 M K macroscopic variables, 647–648 Kelp, 41, 46, 49 magnetic moments, 417, 422, 424, kelp forests, 49 426 Kepler, J., 364 Magyars, 364 Kerogen, 240, 242–244, 246 Maimonides, Moshe, 565 Kingdom Plantae, 693 Major League Baseball (MLB), 705 knowing God, 570 man-world relations, 581 Kuhn, T., 447, 599 Mars, 11, 13, 16–18, 116, 251–252, 262, 376–380, 402, 416, 424, L 439, 447, 452, 476, 513, 515, Laboulbeniales, 330 742 Langton, C. G., 709, 711 Mars Polar Lander, 377 last universal common ancestor (LUCA), mass extinctions, 353, 726–728 292–295 mating types, 64 laws of repentance, 569, 570, 575 matrix effect, 187–188 Lego principle, 378–379 Maturana, H., 193 legumes, 320, 329 Maxwell’s demon, 613 lice, 330 Mayor, Michel, 368 lichens, 11, 67–68, 310, 317–318, meaning of life, 527, 535, 742 320–321, 335–336 measurement techniques, 491 life as others know it, 743 mechanistic causality, 644 life cycles, 722–723, 725–731 mechanists, 605 of fungi, 58–65 membrane permeability, 12, 187 of replicators, 723–725 messages, 462–463, 467, 477, 481, life on Earth 484, 581 life, definition of, 739, 740 Messiah, 573, 581 life-as-it-could-be, 709 Messianic Era, 568, 573–574 life-as-we-know-it, 709 Metallicity, 401–402, 406–407, 409, light elements, 401 417 limbic system, 658 meteor spectroscopy, 386, 390–391, limits of life, 5 393 linear chromosomes, 292, 297, meteorites, 152–159, 251, 385–394, 301 408–409 lipid, 119, 185, 187–188, 191, 714, meteors, 388–389, 393–394 716, methane, 10–11, 16, 31, 92, 101, 149, lipid membranes, 80, 119, 187, 155, 172–173, 240, 298, 387–389, 291–292, 740 403, 741 lipid vesicles 187–189, 191 methanogen, 94, 298–299 lipid world, 714–715 methanogenic, 13, 15, 31, 83–84, 296, Lipidia, 714–717 300 Liposomes, 183, 187–191 methanogens, 29–30, 100, 114 lithoautotropic growth, 92 methanotrophic, 9, 31

SUBJECT INDEX 757

Michelangelo, 605 mutualism, 67, 319, 327, 334 microbial activities, 128–130 mycelium, 56–58, 63, 70, 117, 677, 681 microbial communities, 91–92, 96, mycorrhiza, 68–69, 317 98, 100–101, 110, 119, 136–137, mycotoxins, 72 670 microbial ecology, 127–139 N microfossils, 244–253, 273–280 Nachmanides, 604–605 microfungi, 665–666 nanofabrication, 698 micro-invertebrates, 111–112 Napoleon, 369 microorganism gene affinity clusters, natural kinds, 595–596 222t NASA, 15, 159, 231, 361, 362, 364, microscope, 23–24, 48, 156, 597, 667, 365, 367-371 391, 462-470, 477, 670, 673, 680, 692, 694 478, 481, 483, 487, 489, 490, microscopy, 112, 115, 189, 238, 247, 499, 510, 512-514, 542, 731 294, 688–689, 690, 696 NASA SETI program, 362 microwave, 463, 467, 490, 510, 703, National Basketball Association 743 (NBA), 705 Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP), National Football League (NFL), 705 510, 512 National Hockey League (NHL), 705 Middle Ages, 362, 567, 582 natural laboratory, 494 minimal cell, 181–195 natural mechanism, 496 minimal genome, 181–195 natural selection, 163, 165–166, 167, minimum of the cubic, 366 177, 292, 380, 514, 742 Mississippi River, 48 nature, 347, 433–434, 438, 591–599, Mitochondria, 23–24, 29, 33, 46, 57, 665–676 59, 62, 289, 292, 296, 298, 300, nature of life, 327, 591–597 303, 309, 316, 329, 336, 437, near death experience (NDE), 657 692–693, 725 negentropy, 175 model symbiotic systems, 310 Neilah prayer, 605 modern science, 508, 524, 530–531, nematodes, 111–112, 316 579, 596, 739 nervous system, 201, 206–207, molecular biology, 15, 49, 182–183, 344–346, 634 216–217, 220, 526, 541, 543 characteristics of, 349 Moon distance of 1969, 371 mechanisms of integration in, 632 Moore’s law, 469 network-catalytic reactions, 651–652 morphogenesis, 61–62, 275, 300, 347, neuro-cognitive complexity, 355 698 neuro-cognitive system, 355, 629, 631 Morrison, Phil, 368, 465 neuro-cognitive system, evolution of, motivation, 498–501, 559–560, 563 343–344 mRNA capping, 297, 301 neuro-mental constructs, 624, 636 multi-allele system, 60, 63 Newton, I., 128, 508–509 multi-extremophiles, 14 Newtonian Universe, 525 multinucleate, 46, 55, 58 nitrification, 31–32 Muslims, 364 cycle, 32, 157, 742 758 SUBJECT INDEX nitrogen fixation, 32, 112 oxygen, 7, 30, 353 nonlinear dynamics, 526 oxygenic photosynthesis, 29–30, 742 nonrandom mechanism, 166 Nostoc, 14, 24 P nuclear burning, 416–417 paganism, 363, 366 nucleic acids, 65, 377–378, 597 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons nucleotide bases, 377–379, 597 (PAH), 251–252 nutrients, 14, 25, 32–33, 48, 62, 69, pain, 561, 563 114 paleontology, 365 organic, 7 virus, 232 Nyãya, 624, 637 parasexuality, 59 parasitism, 67–69 O passive intellect, 571 observing stations, ground based, 499 pathogenic fungi, 70 ocean pathways ecosystems, 29 metabolic, 128, 203–204 floors, 10, symbiotic nutritional, 334 oligotrophic, 25 payload-mass ratio, 439–440 role of, in regulating atmospheric penicillin, 24, 66 CO2, 137 peptidoglycan, 24, 29 Olam Ha-ba, 567 permafrost, 115 oligotrophic cyanobacteria, 12 phagocytosis, 296, 300 one-to-one temporal mapping, 644 phenomenology, 509 Onkelos, 603, 606 Doppler radio, 493 open-ended evolution, 710, 717 phenotype, mutant, 66 operational definition, 593 philosophy opportunistic fungi, 71–72 astrobiology, 516 opportunity, 525 life in the universe, 543 optical SETI, 566–567, 590 philosophy of religion, 507–508, organic matter, 31, 100 513 allochthonous, 101 photoautotrophs, 31, 80, 273 in carbonaceous chondrites, 153 photochemical excitation, 174 mineralization in mesopelagic and photoheterotrophy, 30 bathypelagic waters, microbial physics, 171–172 role in, 137 phytoplankton, 40, 48 mineralization of, 138–139 algae, 45, 47 organic molecules, 82 marine, 47 on earth, infall of, 158–159 picoplankton, 40, 47 in meteorites, 152 piezoelectricity, 495 in Murchison, 153–154 piezophiles, 6–7, 14–15, 128–129 organic phase space, 378 piezophilic bacterial strain, 129, 135 origin of life, 385–394 Pilbara osmotic pressure, 14 carton, 244, 246, 267 osmotic solutes, 82–83 strata, preservatio of, 269 organic, 84–85 Planck’context, 648–650

SUBJECT INDEX 759 planetary embryos, 420, 425 protein synthesis, 185, 316, 725 planetary system, 405–406, 742 proteins, 118, 154, 220, 297, 316, planetesimals, 385, 404, 407–408 320, 346–347, 377, 597, 711 planets, 401–408 protocell, 181–182, 436–437 planktonic algae, 43, 47, 685, pseudofossils, 244, 247–248, 274 687–689 pseudopeptidoglycan, 29 plasma, 390, 434 psychological level of abstraction, condensation, 435 cognition at, 351 coronal mass ejections (CMEs), psychrophiles, 6–7, 10–11, 112, 119 422 psychrophilic microorganism, 10, 27, spectroscopy, 494 110 plasmolysis, 14, 81 psychrotolerant, 110, 118 plate tectonics, 266–267, 417, 421 pulsar, 405, 415 platonism, 609, 611, 613–616 in astronomy, 493 polar bears, 42 pulsation, 491, 493 polar lakes, 114 polyextremophiles, 26 Q polymerize(zation), 388 quantitative verifiability, 581 polysaccharides, 377–378 quantum gravity, 534, 583 polythermal glaciers, 113 quantum mechanics, 497–498, 505, population of systems, 586 525, 579 potency, 567 quasi-steady state, 173, 175 potential energy, 176, 455 Queloz, Didier, 368 prebiotic chemistry, 174 Qβ replicase, 188 prebiotic carbon cycle, 278–279 prebiotic evolution, temperature R gradient, 643 Rabbi Abraham Ben David from Precambrian life, 239 Posquiéres (Raavàd), 575 predator, eukaryotic, 303 Rabbi Samuel Ben Ali, 572 predictability, 668 Rabbi Yochannan, 571 PreMaximum time, 366, 369 radiation, 157, 173, 405, 420–421, pre-RNA world, 724 423–424, 436, 491, 741 primeval conditions, 7 radio, 98, 462–463 primordial soup, 149 SETI, 464–466 pro athlete, 703–706 Rambam, 567, 570, 574–575 pro sports, 703–706 random nuclear fusion, 59–60 professional athletes, see pro athlete rational foundations for religious professional sports, 704 belief, 521–522 Project Cyclops, 463 rationalism, 508–509 Project Phoenix, 466 Reb Shneur Zalman, 606 prokaryote world, 30, 33, 748 recovery time span, 366–369 prokaryotes, 23–33, 92 red algae, 13, 42–43 proper motion, 490, 499 Red Queen, 176 Propulsion Physics Program (BPP), red tide blooms, 47 377 reductionism, 509 760 SUBJECT INDEX relevation, of temperature gradients, Second Law 651–652 of thermodynamics, 163, 165–166, religious attitudes, 519, 521–535 168–170 renaissance, 362, 369, 583 secondary cosmic particles, 423 repetitive patterns of human, 673 secondary metabolites, 66, 72 replicator, 721 sediment, shallow, of salt lakes, 78–79 life cycle of, 723–725 selection, 166, 176 reproducibility, 684–685 self organization, 434 respiration self replication, 711–712 aerobic, 9 self-replicate, and artificial life anaerobic, 7 711–712 resurrection of dead, 568 self-maintenance, 182 resuscitation, 659–660 self-organization, of developing brain, Rhodamine 123, 692, 697 348 rhodopsin, 30, 80 self-production, 456 ribosomes, 118, 290 self-replicating, 711–712 RNA world, 216, 233, 303, 724–725 serendipity, 586 Roman Emperor Constantine, 363 serotonin, 658 Roman Empire, 362, 582 serpentinization, 13 rotifers, 111–112 service for fear, 570 16S Rrna, 27–29, 33, 110 service for love, 570 ruminants, 32, 332 SETI cubic, coefficients of, 369 SETI, history of, 367–369 S SETI, see NASA SETI program Saadia Ha-Gaon, 574 Seto Island Sea, 48 Sagan, C., 361 SETV, 497, 499 salinity, on extraterrestrial bodies, sex, 563 6–7 sex ratio salt, 13 biological effects, 229–230 salt lakes, 6, 77–78, 671–672 shape and microorganisms, 244 saltational, 165 siderite decomposition, 241 salterns, solar, 78 sieve strategy, 490–491, 497 SAR11, 28 signal, 189, 331, 465, 470, 632 Sargasso Sea, 49 signaling between symbionts, 318 scalawag, 586 simplicity in genetic design, 294 scholasticism, 579–582–583 singularity, 534 science, 251, 352, 522, 557, sky surveys, 465 579–586 sloths, 42 scientific definition of water, 594 snow, 9–10, 41–42 scientific paradigms, 582 snow algae, 42, 115 scientific theory, 596 snowline, 419 sea solar energy, 174–175, 177, 416 ice, 109–111 solar nebula, 147, 149–159 otters, 49 solar systems, 514–515, 742–743 second genesis, 507–508, 513–515 somatic fusion, 60–61

SUBJECT INDEX 761 somatogamy, 61–62 T soul, 567–571 Talmud, 553, 569, 606 space exploration, 742–743 Tanya, 605–606 species targeted search, 464, 466, 489 cicada, 615 technological culture, 727–730 fungal, 7, 317, 334 teleology, 543 species-specific epistemology, 633 temperature, limit, 10 spiral galaxies, 434 template-catalytic, 651–652 spontaneous, 169 tentative criteria, 599 sports, 703–706 termites, 332–333 St. Augustine, 531 terrestrial life, 5, 18, 597 star birth regions, 523 Finder (TPF), 371, Star Trek, 370 415, 476 state(s), thermodynamics, 166 terrestrial planets, 158 statistical mechanics, 647 astronomical constraints for life statistics, 492 on, 401–409 stellar, 496 The Bible, 530, 603–606, 671 steady state, chemical evolution as, theistic evolution, 543 173 theology, 516, 528, 541–542, 586 steady state intermediates, 173–174 theoretical identities, 595 stellar flares, 422 thermal energy, 173, 176, 420 stellar winds, 420 thermoacidophiles, 11, 29 siphonous algae, 46 thermo-chemical, 495–496 STOP & GO phenomenon, 436 thermodynamics, 165–177, 453–456, stromatolite, 249–250, 275 609–620, 646–652, 741 strong artificial life, 717 thermonuclear furnace, 524 subglacial environmnets, 113–114 thermophiles, 6–10, 15, 92, 97, 100, subsurface biosphere, 92 183 subsurface life, 424, 426 thermophilic, 10, 26–27, 41, 91–101, sulphide 301 hydrogen, 96–97 thermophilic microorganisms, 91 oxidation of, 31 three crossings, 441 sulfur dioxide, 173 triple-alpha process, 416 sunlight, 741 Tòfet, 568 supernova, 417, 513, 524, 729, 731 Torah, 569, 572–574 supernova explosion, 524 totalitarian ideologies, 579 supernovae, 417–418 transcendental, 528, 657 surroundings and entropy principle, transduction, 25, 65, 203, 205, 741 169 transformation, 25, 135, 192, 247, susceptibility polymorphisms, 230 350, 440, 646, 650 symbiosis, 67, 309–321 treatise of resurrection (Ma’amar symbiosis in concept, 67, 309–310 Tehiyyat Hametim) , 572 symbiotic nitrogen fixation, 317 tree of life, 8, 10, 40, 43, 84–85, 176, syntrophy, 31, 296 294, 378, 440, 449–450

762 SUBJECT INDEX trehalose, 83 Volvox, 46 trentepohliales, 42 Von Neumann, J., 710–711 turbellaria, 111 Voyager, 371, 462 turgor pressure, 81–82, 698 vulnerabilizing routine, 586 tychic, 586 W U Walsby’s square haloarchaeon, 674 ultimate questions, 527 Warp Drive, 369–371 ultraviolet, 157, 173–174, 420, Warrawoona, 269–270, 275 unifying explanatory power, water, 132, 419–421 527, 533–534 water activity, 6, 14, 666 units of falsity, 499–500, 365–366 water-in-oil emulsion, 188, 191 universality of biochemistry, 514 wavefunction, 645, universes, 480, 533, 544, 637 weak artificial life, 717 White Cliffs of Dover, 48 V WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave variable behaviour, 492 Anistropy Probe), 512 variation, 43–44, 63, 65, 166, 233, world to come, 567–571 278, 404, 676, 713 wrinkle mats, 275–278 verifiability, 526, 533, 534, 581 vesicle fusion, 187 X vesicles, 187–192, 204, 299–300, xerophiles, 6t, 14 693 XUV fluxes, 420–422 viability, 116–139 victims of crime, 705 Y Viking Labelled Release, 376 Yeasts, 29–30, 58, 84, 112, 115, 117, Vikings, 364 671, 676 viral genes in human genome, 231, 290, 301 Z viruses, 215–233, 289–303, 448 Zephram-Cochrane, 370 visible solar radiation, 173 Zohar, 605 vitalists, 605 Zooxanthellae, 45, 321 volition, 557–558, 562 AUTHOR INDEX

Aumann, R.J., 553, 555 Hyde, S.T., 237–238, 247–248, 251, 255

Beakes, G.W., 685, 687–688, 692, Kolb, V., 278, 738 Belisheva, N.K., 413, 415, 423, Krupička, J., 473, 475, 485 Bell, P.J.L., 287, 289, 296–298, 301, Kulikov, Y.N., 413 452, Biernat, H.K., 413, 415 Lammer, H., 413, 419–422, Blumberg, B.S., 213, 215–216, Laras, R.G., 565, 567 221–223, 225–226, Larsson, A.–K., 238, 255 Bonch–Osmolovskaya, E., 10, 89, 91, Lee, J.J., 119, 307, 309–311, 313, 94, 96, 99–100, 318–320, 329 Brasier, M.D., 246–247, 260–262, Lineweaver, C.H., 418, 445, 447 265–266, 270–271, 274, 277– Llorca, J., 147, 149, 151, 153, 278, 288 402–404 Luisi, P.L., 179, 181, 185–187, 189, Carnerup, A.M., 237, 239, 255, 277, 191, 193, 195 609, 636 Chapman, R.L., 37, 39, 44, 47 Chela–Flores, J., 505, 507, 513–514, Maccone, C., 359, 361, 365, 492 542, 737, 769 Martin, E.L., 260–261, 296, 399, Christy, A.G., 237–239, 255–256, 509–511 Cleland, C.E., 262, 375, 448, 589, Matsuno, K., 641, 643, 647–648, 650 591, McKay, C.P., 6, 16, 251, 255–257, Coyne, G.V., 519, 521, 547 266, 373, 375, 377, 388, 447, 507, 551, 592, 601 Deamer, D., 158, 181–182, 199, 201 McLoughlin, N., 259, 276 Ne’eman, Y., 577–578 Ehrenfreund, P., 150, 399, 401–403, Nealson, K., 7, 9, 313, 448, 454, 592, 514 599 Elitzur, A.C., 607, 609, 611, 613, 615–616 Oren, A., 6, 10–12, 14, 21, 26–28, 41, Evans, J., 199, 201 75, 77–79, 82, 84, 290, 666, 668, 670–672, 674, 737 Ferri, F., 179 Funderburke, L., 701, 703 Penz, T., 413 Gadoth, N., 655, 657 García–Ruiz, J.M., 237, 239, 243, Raulin, F., 737 248–249, 255, 272, 275 Riskin, S., 601, 603 Gunde–Cimerman, N., 11, 107, 109, Rose, E.C., 259, 261, 298, 498, 623, 663, 665–666, 671 633–634

763 764 AUTHOR INDEX

Ross, I.K., 55, 57, 62–63 Tamburini, C., 125, 127, 132, Russell, R.J., 37, 39, 109, 119, 391, 135–138 507, 539, 541–542, 548, Teodorani, M., 487, 489, 491–492, 625–626 494–496, 499–500 Trigo–Rodríguez, J.M., 383, 385, Saffo, M.B., 325, 327, 329, 334–335 390–391, 393 Schrader, M.E., 163, 165, 177 Seckbach, J., 5–7, 10–13, 15, 21, 26– Umiel, N., 719, 721 27, 32, 75, 437, 441, 737–738 Shah, K.T., 341, 343, 346, 621, 623, Waters, D.A., 37, 39 627 Shostak, S., 459, 461 Zalar, P., 663, 665, 671, Sipper, M., 707, 709, 713 Stano, P., 179, 181 Svoboda, J., 431, 438–439, 441–442

Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology

1. J. Seckbach (ed.): Enigmatic Microorganisms and Life in Extreme Environments. 1999 ISBN 0-7923-5492-3 2. J. Seckbach (ed.): Journey to Diverse Microbial Worlds: Adaptation to Exotic Envi- ronments. 2000 ISBN 0-7923-6020-6 3. J. Chela-Flores: The New Science of Astrobiology: From Genesis of the Living Cell to Evolution of Intelligent Behavior in the Universe. 2001 ISBN 0-7923-7125-9 4. J. Seckbach (ed.): Symbiosis: Mechanisms and Model Systems. 2001 ISBN 1-4020-0189-4 5. A. Oren: Halophilic Micro organisms and their Environments. 2002 ISBN 1-4020-0829-5 6. J. Seckbach (ed.): Origins. Genesis, Evolution and Diversity of Life. 2004 ISBN 1-4020-1813-4 7. J. Seckbach, J. Chela-Flores, T. Owen and F. Raulin (eds.): Life in the Universe.From the Miller Experiment to the Search for Life on Other Worlds. 2005 ISBN 1-4020-2371-5 8. J. Seckbach and E. Rubin (eds.): The New Avenues in Bioinformatics. 2004 ISBN 1-4020-2639-0 9. N. Gunde-Cimerman, A. Oren and A. Plemenitasˇ (eds.): Adaptation to Life at High Salt Concentrations in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. 2005 ISBN 1-4020-3632-9 10. J. Seckbach (ed.): Life as We Know It. 2006 ISBN 1-4020-4394-5

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