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Shenandoah AT WAR

If this Valley is lost, – Gen. is Thomas lost! J. “Stonewall” Jackson

One story... a thousand voices.

Visitors Guide to the ’s Civil War Story Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District

Explore the National Historic District Other Areas By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the on higher area by area... including Harpers Ferry, ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was Martinsburg, and thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and Winchester Charles Town Harpers Ferry including areas of Frederick and Clarke counties Page 40 for hours successfully repulsed Page 20 Third Winchester Winchester Battlefield Park including Middletown, Strasburg, and Front Royal By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Page 24 Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole

line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took New Market including Luray and areas of Page County a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no Page 28 other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed

By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher Rockingham ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into including Harrisonburg and Luray National Historic confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours McDowell areas of Page County District Headquarters New Market Strayer House Page 32 including areas successfully repulsed of Highland and Augusta counties Harrisonburg Page 36 Elkton By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to Monterey rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the

whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the

...or follow the Valley’s Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully Staunton Augusta Civil War campaigns. repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion Waynesboro including Staunton and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we and Waynesboro Jackson’s 1862 Valley Campaign Page 40 Page 6 took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By Rockbridge Lee’s 1863 Campaign including Lexington Page 10 degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... Page 42 1864 Campaigns: Sigel, Early, and Sheridan There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into Lexington Page 12 confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours

2 www.ShenandoahAtWar.org By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourseTable but to rallyof Contentsthe Brigade on higher

ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed The Valley’s By Civil degrees War History the whole line was

thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on6 higherJackson’ ground...s 1862 Valley There Campaign we took a stand and Harpers Ferry 10 Lee’s 1863 for hours successfully repulsed 12 The 1864 Lynchburg Campaign

Third Winchester Welcome to the 14 Early’s 1864 Campaign Winchester Battlefield Park 16 Sheridan’s 1864 Shenandoah Campaign Shenandoah ByValley degrees Battlefields the whole line National was thrown Historic into confusionDistrict! and I had no other recourse but tolly ra the

BrigadeFierce on higher battles ground...were fought There across muchwe took of the a nation stand during and thefor Civil hours War. successfully The repulsedAreas of the Valley By degrees the whole Shenandoah Valley saw some of the most significant action: ’s 20 Winchester, including areas of line was1862 thrown Valley into Campaign, confusion Lee’s driveand towardI had Gettysburg,no other recourseand Sheridan’s but 1864 to rally the Brigade Frederick on higher and Clarke ground... counties There we took a stand Shenandoahand for hours Campaign successfully all played key repulsed roles in the course ofBy the degrees war. the whole line was24 thrownSignal Knob, into includingconfusion Middletown, and I had no Today visitors are able to view the Valley’s historic towns and landscapes much as Strasburg, and Front Royal other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed they were seen by soldiers and civilians during the war. 28 New Market, including Luray and areas of Page County By degreesThis the guide whole was createdline wasto help thrown visitors into explore confusion that history. and The I hadguide no is dividedother recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher 32 Rockingham, including Harrisonburg ground...into There two main we sections.took a Thestand first introducesand for hours you to successfully the Valley’s Civil repulsed War history. By degrees the whole line was thrown into and areas of Page County Luray The second tells you about the wealth of sites in the National Historic District National Historic District Headquarters confusionwhere and you I canhad learn no other about – recourseand experience but –to that rally history the today. Brigade Finally, on there higher is a ground...36 McDowell, There weincluding took ara easstand of and for hours New Market Strayer House list of resources available across the Valley to help you plan your visit. Highland and Augusta counties successfully repulsed Thank you for your interest in the Shenandoah Valley’s Civil War story. 40 Staunton, Waynesboro, and Augusta County Harrisonburg Visit Us at the Strayer House! 42 Lexington and Rockbridge County Elkton By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourseut b to Monterey The historic Strayer House (c. 1808), located at 9386 S. Congress St. in New 44 Other Areas–, rally theMarket, Brigade serves ason thehigher headquarters ground... for the There National we Historictook a District.stand Theand buildingfor hours successfully including repulsed Harpers Ferr y, Martinsburg, By degrees the also features: and Charles Town whole line• was A Civil thrown War Orientation into confusion Center –and I had no other recourse but to rally the Other Information Brigade on higherinterpretive ground... displays, There artifacts, weyouth took a stand and for hours successfully ...or follow the Valley’s 45 Planning Your Visit: Staunton activities, printed materials, interactive Civil War campaigns. repulsed tools, and more By degrees the whole Eventsline was and Activities;thrown into confusion Waynesboro • “If This Valley is Lost,” a 12-minute Lodging, Dining, and Other Activities; and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we film on Stonewall Jackson’s Valley Tourism Offices Jackson’s 1862 Valley Campaign Campaign 45 Virginia Civil War Trails Page 6 took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed • Visitor Information and Souvenirs 46 About the National Historic District • Jackson’s Corner Cafe and Coffee House By Lee’s 1863 Gettysburg Campaign 46 Acknowledgments and Credits • Passport Stamp Station Page 10 degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but47 to Supporting rally the the NationalBrigade Historic on higher District ground... Directions: From Interstate 81, take exit 264 and drive east to the second traffic 1864 Campaigns: Sigel, Early, and Sheridan There welight; took you’ll a seestand the Strayer and for House hours across successfully the intersection repulsed to the right. Parking By degrees the whole line was thrown into Lexington Page 12 confusionis behind and I the had house no orother along recoursethe street. butOpen to 9am-5pm, rally theMon-Sat. Brigade For moreon higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours information call 540-740-4545.

www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 3 The Homefront By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was he enchanting Shenandoah Valley has always been a bit different from and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the thrown into confusion and I had no other recourseTthe restbut of to Virginia rally and the it becameBrigade a onvalued higher pawn ground... in this most There uncivil we war. took a stand whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to and for hours successfully repulsed Here the Germans, the Scots-Irish, and the English met and melded. Adding to the cultural melting pot was a significant population of African-Americans, rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours most of whom were held in bondage, and large numbers of German-speaking successfully repulsed By degrees the whole linepacifists—Brethren was thrown into and confusion Mennonite. and I had no other recourse but tolly ra the By the mid-19th century, this rich Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsedThey commenced By degrees carrying the whole blending of cultures and geography By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took had created one of the wheat capitals the dead from the field... Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole a stand and for hours successfully repulsed of the country. By degrees Indeed, the the Valleywhole line wasO, thrownwhat intoa sickening confusion and sight I had no became vital as the “Breadbasket line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we tookafter a the stand andbattle... for hours Our successfully poor repulsed of the Confederacy” when the soldiers, how they suffered a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion andconflict I had began. no other recourse but toand rally died the that Brigade day! on higher – Eliza Clinedinst Crim other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfullyThe repulsedweathered Blue By degrees the whole line was thrown By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally theRidge Brigade Mountains on higher on the ground... east and rugged There Alleghenies we took aon stand the and for west protect the rich limestone valley plain. This region ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into hours successfully repulsed was strategically significant thanks to its ability to feed armies and its geographic location in relation to the confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours opposing capitals: Richmond and Washington. Certain successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrownhills into and confusion fields were andcontested I had time no andother time recourse again—ut b to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and taken,for hours lost and successfully retaken by both repulsed sides. The city of By degrees Winchester alone changed hands as many as 70 times. By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... Throughout the war, the lines between the homefront rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into and warfront blurred as battles raged in farmers’ fields, whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade onfilling higher churches ground... and homes There with we wounded.took a stand When and the for hours took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion successfully repulsed curtain closed on this horrific conflict, much of the region lay devastated, its population decimated. The and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully Valley had experiencedBy the degrees full measure the of the horrorswhole line was repulsed thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally ofthe war Brigade and was on forever higher changed. ground... There we took a stand By degrees the whole line was and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no repulsed Eliza Clinedinst Crim, resident of New Market 4 www.ShenandoahAtWar.org By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher I had no sooner gotten recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was into the saddle when the most vicious sounding and fterfor ahours series successfullyof small clashes inrepulsed By degrees the thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand bullet I ever heard swished A1861, Shenandoah Valley residents whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to and for hours successfully repulsed by my ear and I thought it first heard the great thunder of war in had taken a part of it off. rallythe spring the of 1862Brigade when on Gen. higher Thomas ground... There we took a stand and for hours J. “Stonewall” Jackson began one of the – Sgt. William B. Colston, 2nd Virginia successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the most audacious and brilliant military campaigns in American history, drawing thousands of Union troops from the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole Federal campaign to take Richmond. By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but tolly ra the line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took The next year, in crafting his campaign—an effort that would Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no end at Gettysburg—Gen. Robert E. Lee used the Shenandoah Valley’s unique line wasgeography thrown andinto position confusion as an and “avenue I had of advance”no other for recourse his invasion but north. to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed The Valley supplied his men but most importantly, Lee used the Blue a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher Ridge to screen his army from Federal eyes as it moved north into other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown Pennsylvania. By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for The year 1864 saw the turning point in the Civil War ground...for There the Valley. we Atook series a ofstand summertime and for victories hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into hours successfully repulsed were the last the Confederates would see in confusionthe andShenandoah I had no Valley. other Desperate recourse Federal but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfullyleaders turnedrepulsed to a new commander, By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, and rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees in the fall Sheridan delivered several stinging defeats, dashingBy degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourseut b to the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... Confederate hopes. Federal rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into forces embarked on scorched- whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours earth operations that burned took a standand laid and to waste for hours much successfullyof the repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion successfully repulsed Valley’s agricultural bounty. The and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully By degrees the whole line Confederacywas had lost control repulsedof the Shenandoah Valley. Six thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand months later, the war ended 50 By degrees the whole line was and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I miles away in the small Virginia throwntown into ofconfusion Appomattox. and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully Pvt. John J. Rhodes for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no repulsed 5th Virginia () Fatal Fields www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 5 A Brief History In the spring of 1862, a of 100,000 was approaching Richmond from the southeast, attempting to take the Confederate capital. The plan also called for Gen. Irvin McDowell, with 30,000 men near Fredericksburg, to advance on Richmond from the north. By unleashing a vigorous offensive If this Valley is lost, in the Shenandoah Valley, Confederate Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson kept McDowell in Virginia– Gen. Thomasis lost! J. “Stonewall” Jackson Fredericksburg, wresting the initiative away from the Federal campaign. Despite an initial setback in March at Kernstown, Jackson quickly recovered. In May, after a feint to Harpers Ferry the east, he headed west, up into the mountains of Highland County. Here he turned back Union troops at the village of McDowell (May 8). He then turned north and marched his army more than Winchester 100 miles before defeating Federal forces under Gen. Nathaniel Banks at Front Royal (May 23) and FIRST KERNSTOWN Winchester (May 25). Confederate Gen. Thomas J. Jackson pursued Banks further north, almost to Harpers Ferry. In early June, two separate Union “Stonewall” Jackson armies of 20,000 each moved to unite near Strasburg and crush Jackson in a trap. Jackson raced

Front Royal Washington south, eluding the trap—the two northern armies pursuing him on either side of the Massanutten March 23 - May 8 Mountain, which runs down the spine of the Shenandoah Valley. At the Massanutten’s southern Jackson tip, Jackson’s army fought masterful back-to-back battles at Cross Keys () and Port Republic (), preventing the Federals from combining. After these “twin battles” and defeats, Union forces withdrew from the Valley. Jackson, having accomplished his mission, moved east and joined Harrisonburg Gen. Robert E. Lee in front of Richmond. Elkton McDowell In a swift feat of marching, deception, counter-marching MCDOWELL Fredericksburg and sheer boldness, Jackson had conducted one of the most May 8 audacious and brilliant campaigns in American military Staunton history. With only 18,000 men, marching several hundred miles over the course of a few weeks, Jackson inflicted twice as many casualties as he suffered, seized countless supplies, and tied up elements of three separate Federal armies totaling more than 60,000 men that would otherwise have been used against May 8 - May 25 Harpers Ferry Richmond.

FIRST WINCHESTER Lexington May 25 To learn more about the history...

FRONT ROYAL In addition to the numerous books and articles that have been published May 23 Washington Richmond about Jackson’s Valley campaign, a concise but comprehensive history can be found in the booklet “If this Valley is lost, Virginia is lost!” Stonewall Harpers Ferry McClellan Harpers Ferry May 25 - June 8 Jackson’s Valley Campaign, available in most visitor centers and many Winchester Winchester bookstores in the Valley. A list of retailers is available online at Harrisonburg Frémont www.ShenandoahAtWar.org. Elkton McDowell Strasburg June 8 - 9 Shields Strasburg McDowell Jackson Fredericksburg Front Royal Washington Front Royal Washington Staunton Jackson

Frémont Shields Harrisonburg Jackson’s 1862 Valley Campaign 1862 Valley Jackson’s Elkton McDowell Lexington Harrisonburg McDowell Fredericksburg Elkton McDowell CROSS KEYS Richmond McDowell June 8 PORT REPUBLIC Staunton Jackson June 9 Fredericksburg McClellan Staunton 6 www.ShenandoahAtWar.org

Lexington

Lexington Richmond McClellan

Richmond McClellan In the spring of 1862, a Union army of 100,000 was Timeline of A Brief History Jackson’s approaching Richmond from the southeast, attempting to Valley Campaign take the Confederate capital. The plan also called for Gen. Irvin McDowell, with 30,000 men near Fredericksburg, to advance on Richmond from the north. By unleashing a vigorous offensive Winter 1861-62 in the Shenandoah Valley, Confederate Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson kept McDowell in Jackson in winter headquarters Fredericksburg, wresting the initiative away from the Federal campaign. at Winchester. Despite an initial setback in March at Kernstown, Jackson quickly recovered. In May, after a feint to March 1862 Harpers Ferry Jackson retires south, up the the east, he headed west, up into the mountains of Highland County. Here he turned back Union Valley, as Union forces occupy troops at the village of McDowell (May 8). He then turned north and marched his army more than Winchester. Winchester 100 miles before defeating Federal forces under Gen. Nathaniel Banks at Front Royal (May 23) and 23 March FIRST KERNSTOWN Winchester (May 25). March 23 Jackson is defeated at the First Jackson pursued Banks further north, almost to Harpers Ferry. In early June, two separate Union Battle of Kernstown, near Winchester, and retreats south. armies of 20,000 each moved to unite near Strasburg and crush Jackson in a trap. Jackson raced

Front Royal Washington south, eluding the trap—the two northern armies pursuing him on either side of the Massanutten April – May March 23 - May 8 Mountain, which runs down the spine of the Shenandoah Valley. At the Massanutten’s southern After pausing at modern-day Elkton, Jackson moves his Jackson tip, Jackson’s army fought masterful back-to-back battles at army out of the Valley to Cross Keys (June 8) and Port Republic (June 9), preventing If the enemy can succeed so deceive Federal forces and the Federals from combining. After these “twin battles” and then returns via rail through defeats, Union forces withdrew from the Valley. Jackson, readily in disconcerting Staunton. having accomplished his mission, moved east and joined all our plans by alarming 8 May Harrisonburg McDowell Gen. Robert E. Lee in front of Richmond. us first at one point, then Jackson defeats Federal forces Elkton under Gen. John Frémont at In a swift feat of marching, deception, counter-marching at another, he will paralyze McDowell. MCDOWELL Fredericksburg and sheer boldness, Jackson had conducted one of the most a large force with a very May 8 23 May audacious and brilliant campaigns in American military small one.– Union Gen. Irvin McDowell Jackson defeats a Federal Staunton history. With only 18,000 men, marching several hundred garrison at Front Royal. miles over the course of a few weeks, Jackson inflicted twice 25 May as many casualties as he suffered, seized countless supplies, and tied up elements of three separate Jackson defeats Union Gen. Federal armies totaling more than 60,000 men that would otherwise have been used against Nathaniel Banks at the First Richmond. Battle of Winchester.

Lexington Early June To learn more about the history... Jackson narrowly eludes an attempt by Union Gens. In addition to the numerous books and articles that have been published Frémont and James Shields Richmond about Jackson’s Valley campaign, a concise but comprehensive history to trap him in the lower can be found in the booklet “If this Valley is lost, Virginia is lost!” Stonewall Shenandoah Valley. McClellan Jackson’s Valley Campaign, available in most visitor centers and many 8 June bookstores in the Valley. A list of retailers is available online at Jackson defeats Frémont at www.ShenandoahAtWar.org. Cross Keys. 9 June Jackson defeats Union forces at Port Republic. Mid-June Federal forces withdraw from the Valley and Jackson is free to join Lee in front of Richmond.

www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 7 Jackson’s Valley Campaign: Rockingham, including Harrisonburg and areas of Page County By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusionExperiencing and I had no otherthe recourse Story but Todayto rally the Brigade on higher ground... Pages 32-35 The ability to follow an entire Civil War military campaign... ThereCross Keyswe andtook Port a Republic stand Battlefields, and for Porthours Republic successfully Museum, and The repulsedCoaling By degrees the whole line was thrown into There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into A printed battlefield driving tour for these two battles is available at most Civil War sites in the Harrisonburg is one of the many unique appeals of the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District. and Rockingham County area, online at www.ShenandoahAtWar.org, and at the Civil War Orientation Center confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours confusion and I had no other recourse but toIn rallyparticular, the following Brigade Stonewall on higher Jackson’s ground... famous Valley There Campaign we istook a favorite a stand activity and of Civilfor Warhours inside the Harrisonburg visitor center. The driving tour includes a stop at the Frank Kemper House/Port Republic Museum, which offers a walking tour of the village of Port Republic, as well as directions to “The historians and enthusiasts. successfullyCoaling,” the site repulsed of Union during the . successfully repulsed But it’s not easy, for many of the same reasons that it wasn’t easy for the soldiers who marched these The Heritage Museum roads nearly 150 years ago. Jackson’s army marched up and down and back up the Valley, tracing and The Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society operates a museum and heritage center that features a light retracing their own steps and earning the nickname “.” Following the trail of Jackson’s map offering a strategic overview of Jackson’s Valley Campaign as well as other Civil War exhibits. By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the By degrees the whole linetroops was chronologically thrown into can thereforeconfusion be a challengeand I had for even no theother hardiest recourse traveler. but tolly ra the Miller-Kite House To explore the numerous places in the Valley that today tell the story of this famous campaign, many BrigadeIn the spring on higher of 1862, ground...while using the There Miller-Kite we Housetook as a a standheadquarters, and Jacksonfor hours developed successfully the outline for repulsed By degrees the whole Brigade Kernstownon higher Battlefield ground... -- Pritchard ThereFarm we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole what would become his Valley Campaign. The house has been restored by the Elkton Historical Society, which visitors choose to visit these sites geographically, traveling north to south or south to north. The operates it as a museum. information on these pages is arranged to help visitors find these sites that way. However, for true line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took North River Bridge enthusiasts who would prefer to follow Jackson’s path, the timeline on the previous page will help you a standAlong theand banks for of hours the North successfully River on Va 42 in repulsedthe village of Bridgewater Byare twodegrees Virginia the Civil wholeWar Trails line was thrown into confusion and I had no a stand and for hours successfully repulsed understand howBy degreesto revise thethe order whole of theline sites wasin this thrown list. into confusion and I had no signs, one of which tells the story of the movements of Jackson’s troops across the river at this site after the Battle of McDowell. other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed other recourse but to rally the BrigadeWinchester, on higher ground...including areas There ofwe Frederick took a stand and andClarke for counties hours successfully repulsed Pages 20-23 McDowell, including areas of Augusta and Highland Counties By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusionFirst Kernstown and and I First had Winchester no other — Printed recourse Battlefield but Driving to Tourrally the Brigade on higher ground... Pages 36-39 Ramsey’s Draft A free printed battlefield driving tour for these two battles is available at most Civil War sites in the Winchester There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion There we took a stand and for hours successfullyand Frederick repulsed County area, online at www.ShenandoahAtWar.org, By degrees the whole and lineat the Civilwas War thrown Orientation into Center confusion Virginia Civil War Trails signage along US 250 in western Augusta County tells the story of the opening phases inside the Winchester-Frederick County visitor center. of the Battle of McDowell. Look for the Virginia Civil War Trails bugle sign and arrow as you travel west on US and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully 250. Kernstown Battlefield -- Rose Hill Stonewall Jackson’s Headquarters This is where Jackson and his wife spent the winter before his campaign. Today it is a historic house museum repulsedFort Johnson repulsed managed by the Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society. Running along the top of Shenandoah Mountain—where US 250 crosses the Augusta/Highland county line— is a series of trenches created by Confederate troops guarding the “back door” to the Valley. Amazing views of Kernstown Battlefield—Pritchard-Grim Farm the surrounding hills and mountains, short walking trails, and interpretive signage at this site in the George The central portion of the First Kernstown battlefield. This site—owned and managed by the Kernstown Washington National Forest. Battlefield Association—includes the original Pritchard House, a visitor center, walking trails, and interpretive By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally By degrees thesignage. whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourseut b to rally Sitlington’s Hill Approaching McDowell from the east along US 250, a Virginia Civil War Trails pull-off and sign marks the the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line the Brigade on higher ground... There we tookKernstown a stand Battlefield—Rose and for hoursHill Farm successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line trailhead of a fairly demanding hike to the top of the hill. The hill offers tremendous views of the village of Site of the final stages of the First Battle of Kernstown. Rose Hill is owned and managed by the Museum of McDowell and the surrounding mountains—views virtually untouched by the modern world. the Shenandoah Valley. Site open on select days and by appointment. A Civil War Trails sign at the entrance was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and was thrown into confusion and I had no otherprovides recourse an excellent but synopsisto rally of the fightingthe Brigade that occurred on higherat this location. ground... There we took a stand for Ahours Virginia successfully Civil War Trails marker repulsed tells the story of the Union artillery By at thisdegrees position theduring whole the Battleline of was thrown into confusion and I had no other and for hours successfully repulsed Signal Knob, By degrees including the Middletown,whole line was Strasburg,thrown into andconfusion Front andRoyal I had no McDowell. Park at the top of drive and take an easy walk to the marker for great view of the battlefield from Federal perspective. Pages 24-27 recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed other recourseStonewall Jackson’sbut toHeadquarters rally Museum the Brigade on Battlehigher of Front ground... Royal Driving There and Walking we tookTours a stand and for hours successfully repulsed Highland County Museum and National Historic District Civil War Orientation Center Printed driving and walking tours of the key sites of the battle are available at the Front Royal Visitor Center. In the village of McDowell an antebellum home has been converted into a museum and National Historic By degrees the whole line thrownwas The driving tour is also available on CD. By degrees the whole line Districtthrownwas orientation center, owned and operated by the Highland Historical Society. into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours into confusion and I had no other recourse butNew to Market,rally the including Brigade onLuray higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours Camp Allegheny Pages 28-31 Just across the western border of Highland County in West Virginia along US 250 is the site of what was both successfullyUnion and Confederate repulsed encampments. Signage and short walking By degreestrails. the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse successfully repulsed StrayerBy degrees House the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse Jackson’s headquarters when he consulted with on June 4, 1862. Today it is a Civil War butLexington to rally andthe BrigadeRockbridge on higher County ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed but to rally the Brigade on higher ground...Orientation There Centerwe took and headquartersa stand andof the for Shenandoah hours Valleysuccessfully Battlefields Nationalrepulsed Historic District. Pages 42-43 Civil War Trails Signage Lexington Located throughout Shenandoah County and Page County are more than a dozen Virginia Civil War Trails Lexington is the site of the Virginia Military Institute, where Jackson taught before the Civil War, and Jackson’s markers telling the story of Jackson’s campaign. A printed driving tour of Page County’s Civil War sites is house, now a historic house museum that interprets Jackson’s life and experience living in Lexington. Jackson available at the Luray-Page County Chamber of Commerce. was laid to rest after the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 in what is now the Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery.

8 www.ShenandoahAtWar.org Rockingham, including Harrisonburg and areas of Page County By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... Pages 32-35 The ability to follow an entire Civil War military campaign... ThereCross Keyswe andtook Port a Republic stand Battlefields, and for Porthours Republic successfully Museum, and The repulsedCoaling By degrees the whole line was thrown into There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into A printed battlefield driving tour for these two battles is available at most Civil War sites in the Harrisonburg is one of the many unique appeals of the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District. and Rockingham County area, online at www.ShenandoahAtWar.org, and at the Civil War Orientation Center confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours confusion and I had no other recourse but toIn rallyparticular, the following Brigade Stonewall on higher Jackson’s ground... famous Valley There Campaign we istook a favorite a stand activity and of Civilfor Warhours inside the Harrisonburg visitor center. The driving tour includes a stop at the Frank Kemper House/Port Republic Museum, which offers a walking tour of the village of Port Republic, as well as directions to “The historians and enthusiasts. successfullyCoaling,” the site repulsed of Union artillery during the Battle of Port Republic. successfully repulsed But it’s not easy, for many of the same reasons that it wasn’t easy for the soldiers who marched these The Heritage Museum roads nearly 150 years ago. Jackson’s army marched up and down and back up the Valley, tracing and The Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society operates a museum and heritage center that features a light retracing their own steps and earning the nickname “Foot Cavalry.” Following the trail of Jackson’s map offering a strategic overview of Jackson’s Valley Campaign as well as other Civil War exhibits. By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but tolly ra the By degrees the whole linetroops was chronologically thrown into can thereforeconfusion be a challengeand I had for even no theother hardiest recourse traveler. but to rally the Miller-Kite House Cross Keys Battlefield To explore the numerous places in the Valley that today tell the story of this famous campaign, many BrigadeIn the spring on higher of 1862, ground...while using the There Miller-Kite we Housetook as a a standheadquarters, and Jacksonfor hours developed successfully the outline for repulsed By degrees the whole Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole what would become his Valley Campaign. The house has been restored by the Elkton Historical Society, which visitors choose to visit these sites geographically, traveling north to south or south to north. The operates it as a museum. information on these pages is arranged to help visitors find these sites that way. However, for true line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took North River Bridge enthusiasts who would prefer to follow Jackson’s path, the timeline on the previous page will help you a standAlong theand banks for of hours the North successfully River on Va 42 in repulsedthe village of Bridgewater Byare twodegrees Virginia the Civil wholeWar Trails line was thrown into confusion and I had no a stand and for hours successfully repulsed understand howBy degreesto revise thethe order whole of theline sites wasin this thrown list. into confusion and I had no signs, one of which tells the story of the movements of Jackson’s troops across the river at this site after the Battle of McDowell. other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed other recourse but to rally the BrigadeWinchester, on higher ground...including areas There ofwe Frederick took a stand and andClarke for counties hours successfully repulsed Pages 20-23 McDowell, including areas of Augusta and Highland Counties By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusionFirst Kernstown and and I First had Winchester no other — Printed recourse Battlefield but Driving to Tourrally the Brigade on higher ground... Pages 36-39 Ramsey’s Draft A free printed battlefield driving tour for these two battles is available at most Civil War sites in the Winchester There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion There we took a stand and for hours successfullyand Frederick repulsed County area, online at www.ShenandoahAtWar.org, By degrees the whole and lineat the Civilwas War thrown Orientation into Center confusion Virginia Civil War Trails signage along US 250 in western Augusta County tells the story of the opening phases inside the Winchester-Frederick County visitor center. of the Battle of McDowell. Look for the Virginia Civil War Trails bugle sign and arrow as you travel west on US and250. I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully and I had no other recourse but to rally theStonewall Brigade Jackson’s on Headquartershigher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully The Heritage Museum This is where Jackson and his wife spent the winter before his campaign. Today it is a historic house museum repulsedFort Johnson repulsed managed by the Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society. Running along the top of Shenandoah Mountain—where US 250 crosses the Augusta/Highland county line— is a series of trenches created by Confederate troops guarding the “back door” to the Valley. Amazing views of Kernstown Battlefield—Pritchard-Grim Farm the surrounding hills and mountains, short walking trails, and interpretive signage at this site in the George The central portion of the First Kernstown battlefield. This site—owned and managed by the Kernstown Washington National Forest. Battlefield Association—includes the original Pritchard House, a visitor center, walking trails, and interpretive By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourseut b to rally By degrees thesignage. whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally Sitlington’s Hill Approaching McDowell from the east along US 250, a Virginia Civil War Trails pull-off and sign marks the the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line the Brigade on higher ground... There we tookKernstown a stand Battlefield—Rose and for hoursHill Farm successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line trailhead of a fairly demanding hike to the top of the hill. The hill offers tremendous views of the village of Site of the final stages of the First Battle of Kernstown. Rose Hill is owned and managed by the Museum of McDowell and the surrounding mountains—views virtually untouched by the modern world. the Shenandoah Valley. Site open on select days and by appointment. A Civil War Trails sign at the entrance was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and was thrown into confusion and I had no otherprovides recourse an excellent but synopsisto rally of the fightingthe Brigade that occurred on higherat this location. ground... There we took a stand Cemetery Hill for Ahours Virginia successfully Civil War Trails marker repulsed tells the story of the Union artillery By at thisdegrees position the during whole the Battleline of was thrown into confusion and I had no other and for hours successfully repulsed Signal Knob, By degrees including the Middletown,whole line was Strasburg,thrown into andconfusion Front andRoyal I had no McDowell. Park at the top of drive and take an easy walk to the marker for great view of the battlefield from Federal perspective. Pages 24-27 recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed other recourse but to rally the Brigade on Battlehigher of Front ground... Royal Driving There and Walking we tookTours a stand and for hours successfully repulsed Highland County Museum and National Historic District Civil War Orientation Center Printed driving and walking tours of the key sites of the battle are available at the Front Royal Visitor Center. In the village of McDowell an antebellum home has been converted into a museum and National Historic By degrees the whole line thrownwas The driving tour is also available on CD. By degrees the whole line Districtthrownwas orientation center, owned and operated by the Highland Historical Society. McDowell Battlefield into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours into confusion and I had no other recourse butNew to Market,rally the including Brigade onLuray higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours Camp Allegheny Pages 28-31 Just across the western border of Highland County in West Virginia along US 250 is the site of what was both successfullyUnion and Confederate repulsed encampments. Signage and short walking By degreestrails. the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse successfully repulsed StrayerBy degrees House the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse Jackson’s headquarters when he consulted with Jedediah Hotchkiss on June 4, 1862. Today it is a Civil War butLexington to rally andthe BrigadeRockbridge on higher County ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed but to rally the Brigade on higher ground...Orientation There Centerwe took and headquartersa stand andof the for Shenandoah hours Valleysuccessfully Battlefields Nationalrepulsed Historic District. Pages 42-43 Civil War Trails Signage Lexington Located throughout Shenandoah County and Page County are more than a dozen Virginia Civil War Trails Lexington is the site of the Virginia Military Institute, where Jackson taught before the Civil War, and Jackson’s markers telling the story of Jackson’s campaign. A printed driving tour of Page County’s Civil War sites is house, now a historic house museum that interprets Jackson’s life and experience living in Lexington. Jackson available at the Luray-Page County Chamber of Commerce. was laid to rest after the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 in what is now the Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery. Fort Johnson

www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 9 A Brief History In the summer of 1863, Gen. Robert E. Lee made the Shenandoah Valley an “avenue of advance” for his invasion of the north. He If I had had Stonewall Jackson with me, so selected the Valley due to its obvious advantages. The Shenandoah Valley’s bountiful farms were a far as a man can see, I should have won the welcome respite for Lee’s long-suffering Army of Northern Virginia, supplying it with food and livestock. But more importantly, Lee used the Blue Ridge to screen his army from Federal eyes, thus avoiding a . – Gen. Robert E. Lee general engagement until he and his troops were ready. The Valley was a natural avenue of advance that led perfectly to the in Pennsylvania where Lee hoped to draw the Federal army away from war-weary Virginia. During the advance, Confederate Gen. Richard Ewell defeated a small Federal force at Winchester in mid-June, clearing the way for Lee to move north. Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee Gettysburg After the devastating defeat at Gettysburg, the Confederates crossed the Potomac at Williamsport and – after defeating a final Federal attempt to cut off their withdrawal at the Battle of Manassas Gap (July 23, 1863) – once again found safety and provisions in the Shenandoah Valley as the Army of Northern Virginia regrouped and amassed vital supplies. Lee moves into Pennsylvania Exploring Lee’s Gettysburg Campaign: Shenandoah Valley Sites

Winchester, including areas of Frederick and Clarke counties Harpers Ferry SECOND WINCHESTER Pages 20-23 June 13-15 Second Battle of Winchester Two Civil War Trails signs on US 522 west of Winchester—west of Va 37 at the Virginia Farm Market and at Star Fort Milroy just east of Va 37—describe action around the defensive forts northwest of the city during the battle. Early to mid-June Stephenson’s Depot Ewell A Civil War Trails marker at Stephenson’s Depot north of Winchester tells the story of the final moments of the Second Strasburg Battle of Winchester, when Federal forces retreating along the Valley Turnpike were overwhelmed by Confederate artillery on the hills to the east. Washington Front Royal Signal Knob, including Middletown, Strasburg, and Front Royal Pages 24-27 Lee at Bel Air Diarist Lucy Buck recorded the story of a visit to her home, Bel Air, by Gen. Robert E. Lee as his army moved through Front Royal after the Battle of Gettysburg. A Virginia Civil War Trails marker provides details. Battle of Wapping Heights (Manassas Gap) Civil War Trails marker tells the story of last Federal attempt to cut off Gen. Robert E. Lee’s withdrawal after Gettysburg. Mid-July Harpers Ferry New Market, including areas of Luray and Page County Winchester Pages 28-31 Lee Lee Pass Run and Harrisonburg Confederate units camped in the safety of the Shenandoah following the . Elkton Strasburg ...we have been on the march since yesterday week we were 10 miles Manassas Gap Washington McDowell July 23 Front Royal Fredericksburg below Fredericksburg we crossed the Blue Ridge and the Rappidan Rappahannock and both branches of the Shenandoah north and south and are within 21 miles of the Potomic and I would take any New Market

Lee’s 1863 Gettysburg Campaign Lee’s Staunton Luray amount for the trip the most butiful scenery I ever beheld since I have been in the army... It is supposed that we will go into Pennsylvania... – Lt. William B. Taylor, 11th North Carolina Infantry Harrisonburg June 22, 1863 Elkton 10 www.ShenandoahAtWar.org McDowell Fredericksburg

LexingtonStaunton

Richmond Lexington

Richmond A Brief History In the summer of 1863, Gen. Robert E. Lee made the Shenandoah Valley an “avenue of advance” for his invasion of the north. He Timeline of Lee’s 1863 Gettysburg If I had had Stonewall Jackson with me, so selected the Valley due to its obvious advantages. The Shenandoah Valley’s bountiful farms were a Campaign welcome respite for Lee’s long-suffering Army of Northern Virginia, supplying it with food and livestock. far as a man can see, I should have won the Early May But more importantly, Lee used the Blue Ridge to screen his army from Federal eyes, thus avoiding a Lee defeats Union forces Battle of Gettysburg. general engagement until he and his troops were ready. The Valley was a natural avenue of advance that at Chancellorsville, near led perfectly to the Cumberland Valley in Pennsylvania where Lee hoped to draw the Federal army away Fredericksburg. from war-weary Virginia. During the advance, Confederate Gen. Richard Ewell defeated a small Federal June 3 force at Winchester in mid-June, clearing the way for Lee to move north. Gettysburg Lee’s army begins to move north. After the devastating defeat at Gettysburg, the Confederates crossed the Potomac at Williamsport and June 9 – after defeating a final Federal attempt to cut off their withdrawal at the Battle of Manassas Gap (July Confederate cavalry under 23, 1863) – once again found safety and provisions in the Shenandoah Valley as the Army of Northern Gen. James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stuart defeats Union cavalry Virginia regrouped and amassed vital supplies. at Brandy Station, east of the Lee moves into Blue Ridge. Pennsylvania Exploring Lee’s Gettysburg Campaign: June 13 - 15 To clear the way for Lee’s Shenandoah Valley Sites army to move north through the Shenandoah Valley, Gen. Winchester, including areas of Frederick and Clarke counties Richard S. Ewell defeats Harpers Ferry Pages 20-23 Robert H. Milroy’s Union SECOND WINCHESTER garrison at Winchester. June 13-15 Second Battle of Winchester Two Civil War Trails signs on US 522 west of Winchester—west of Va 37 at the Virginia Farm Market and at Star Fort June 15 Milroy just east of Va 37—describe action around the defensive forts northwest of the city during the battle. Confederates begin crossing Stephenson’s Depot the Potomac into Maryland. Ewell A Civil War Trails marker at Stephenson’s Depot north of Winchester tells the story of the final moments of the Second Late June Strasburg Battle of Winchester, when Federal forces retreating along the Valley Turnpike were overwhelmed by Confederate artillery on the hills to the east. Lee moves into Pennsylvania Washington and Federals cross north into Front Royal Signal Knob, including Middletown, Strasburg, and Front Royal Maryland east of the Blue Ridge. Pages 24-27 June 30 Lee at Bel Air Confederate Gen. Diarist Lucy Buck recorded the story of a visit to her home, Bel Air, by Gen. Robert E. Lee as his army moved through receives permission to take Front Royal after the Battle of Gettysburg. A Virginia Civil War Trails marker provides details. his the next day to Battle of Wapping Heights (Manassas Gap) Gettysburg in search of shoes. Civil War Trails marker tells the story of last Federal attempt to cut off Gen. Robert E. Lee’s withdrawal after Gettysburg. July 1 - 3 New Market, including areas of Luray and Page County On July 1, Heth finds Union Pages 28-31 forces defending Gettysburg and for the next three days, Lee Pass Run and Thornton Gap the Battle of Gettysburg rages Harrisonburg Confederate units camped in the safety of the Shenandoah following the retreat from Gettysburg. through the town and the surrounding fields. Elkton ...we have been on the march since yesterday week we were 10 miles Early to mid-July McDowell Confederates retreat southward, Fredericksburg below Fredericksburg we crossed the Blue Ridge and the Rappidan crossing the Potomac into Rappahannock and both branches of the Shenandoah north and the relative safety of the Shenandoah Valley. south and are within 21 miles of the Potomic and I would take any Staunton amount for the trip the most butiful scenery I ever beheld since I have July 23 Confederates forces withstand been in the army... It is supposed that we will go into Pennsylvania... final attempt to cut off – Lt. William B. Taylor, 11th North Carolina Infantry their retreat at the Battle of June 22, 1863 Manassas Gap.

www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 11

Lexington

Richmond A Brief History The year 1864 saw the turning point in the Civil War for the If Sigel can’t skin himself he can hold a leg Valley. It was a complex year of multiple military operations that ended Confederate control of the Valley and wrought the near total destruction of its agricultural whilst some one else skins. economy. – Gen. Ulysses S. Grant With Ulysses S. Grant’s promotion to general in chief of all Union armies in March 1864, he lost no time in organizing a huge offensive across the entire front of the embattled states. In Virginia’s Shenandoah Valley and the new state of West Virginia, Union forces were ordered to disrupt railroad and transportation networks and destroy Confederate forces and the economic and agricultural resources that supported them. Harpers Ferry In May, a Federal army under Gen. advanced south through West Virginia with orders Winchester to cut railroad links from Virginia to the west. Union Gen. was to move south through the Union Gen. Franz Sigel Sigel Shenandoah Valley and meet Crook in Staunton. This would also prevent any Confederate movement out of the Shenandoah Valley to assault Grant’s flank as it advanced south toward Richmond.

Strasburg Sigel met defeat at New Market () in a battle with Confederate forces under Gen. John C. Early May Breckinridge, reinforced by cadets from the Virginia Military Institute. Sigel was relieved and replaced Front Royal Washington by Gen. Hunter. Spring - Summer 1864 In June, Hunter gained a victory in the rolling landscape at (), east of Staunton. With Harpers Ferry most Confederate resistance checked, Hunter moved south and burned the Virginia Military Institute Winchester in Lexington. Lee sent Gen. from the defenses of Richmond to confront the Federal NEW MARKET Early June May 15 threat. Early defeated Hunter at Lynchburg (June 17-18), on the east side of the Blue Ridge, and Luray Strasburg the Union army retreated into the mountains of West Virginia, leaving the Valley—and its pathway

Front Royal north—inWashington Early’s hands.

Harrisonburg Luray The Lynchburg Campaign: Exploring the Story Today Elkton Hunter New Market, including areas of Luray and Page County Harrisonburg Pages 28-31 McDowell Breckinridge Elkton Fredericksburg Virginia Museum of the Civil War McDowell Fredericksburg Harpers Ferry The story of the Civil War in Virginia and the is told in this 300-acre battlefield park, 19th Staunton Winchester PIEDMONT Staunton June 5 century farmstead, and museum, owned and operated by the Virginia Military Institute. Additional Virginia Civil War Trails signage on US 11 north of New Market describes the end of this battle. Strasburg Jones Front Royal Washington Staunton, Waynesboro, and Augusta County

Charlottesville Pages 40-41

Luray Mid-June Harrisonburg Lexington Elkton Trails signage describes Hunter’s victory at Piedmont, which allowed him to continue south to wreak havoc in

McDowell Staunton and burn buildings at the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington. Fredericksburg Staunton StauntonRichmond Trails signage at the railroad station in Staunton describes Hunter’s destruction of railroad infrastructure in the city Lexington Lynchburg after his victory at Piedmont. Hunter Lexington Lexington and Rockbridge County Early Pages 42-43

Lynchburg Campaign Lynchburg Richmond Richmond Lexington LYNCHBURG June 17-18 The VMI Museum in Lexington interprets the role of the Institute during the Civil War, including its burning by Hunter. Lynchburg

12 www.ShenandoahAtWar.org The year 1864 saw the turning point in the Civil War for the A Brief History Timeline of If Sigel can’t skin himself he can hold a leg Valley. It was a complex year of multiple military operations that the Lynchburg ended Confederate control of the Valley and wrought the near total destruction of its agricultural Campaign whilst some one else skins. economy. Early May With Ulysses S. Grant’s promotion to general in chief of all Union armies in March 1864, he lost Sigel begins to move south no time in organizing a huge offensive across the entire front of the embattled states. In Virginia’s in the Valley to meet Shenandoah Valley and the new state of West Virginia, Union forces were ordered to disrupt railroad Crook in Staunton. and transportation networks and destroy Confederate forces and the economic and agricultural May 15 resources that supported them. Harpers Ferry Breckinridge’s hastily- In May, a Federal army under Gen. George Crook advanced south through West Virginia with orders gathered Confederate army Winchester confronts and defeats Sigel to cut railroad links from Virginia to the west. Union Gen. Franz Sigel was to move south through the at New Market. Sigel Shenandoah Valley and meet Crook in Staunton. This would also prevent any Confederate movement out of the Shenandoah Valley to assault Grant’s flank as it advanced south toward Richmond. Late May Union leaders replace Sigel Strasburg Sigel met defeat at New Market (May 15) in a battle with Confederate forces under Gen. John C. with Hunter, who begins Breckinridge, reinforced by cadets from the Virginia Military Institute. Sigel was relieved and replaced to move south. Front Royal Washington by Gen. . June 5 In June, Hunter gained a victory in the rolling landscape at Piedmont (June 5), east of Staunton. With Hunter defeats Confederates at the Battle Harpers Ferry most Confederate resistance checked, Hunter moved south and burned the Virginia Military Institute Winchester of Piedmont, east of in Lexington. Lee sent Gen. Jubal Early from the defenses of Richmond to confront the Federal Staunton. NEW MARKET May 15 threat. Early defeated Hunter at Lynchburg (June 17-18), on the east side of the Blue Ridge, and Early June Luray Strasburg the Union army retreated into the mountains of West Virginia, leaving the Valley—and its pathway Hunter continues south, Front Royal north—inWashington Early’s hands. looting Staunton and destroying much of the Virginia Military Institute Harrisonburg in Lexington. Luray The Lynchburg Campaign: Exploring the Story Today Elkton June 17-18 Hunter New Market, including areas of Luray and Page County Harrisonburg Pages 28-31 Hunter moves toward McDowell Breckinridge Elkton Lynchburg where he is Fredericksburg Virginia Museum of the Civil War defeated by Early’s arriving McDowell FredericksburgThe story of the Civil War in Virginia and the Battle of New Market is told in this 300-acre battlefield park, 19th forces. Staunton PIEDMONT Staunton June 5 century farmstead, and museum, owned and operated by the Virginia Military Institute. Additional Virginia Civil War Trails signage on US 11 north of New Market describes the end of this battle. Late June Jones Hunter retreats into Staunton, Waynesboro, and Augusta County the mountains of West Virginia. Charlottesville Pages 40-41 Battle of Piedmont Lexington Trails signage describes Hunter’s victory at Piedmont, which allowed him to continue south to wreak havoc in Staunton and burn buildings at the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington. StauntonRichmond Trails signage at the railroad station in Staunton describes Hunter’s destruction of railroad infrastructure in the city Lexington Lynchburg after his victory at Piedmont. Lexington and Rockbridge County Pages 42-43 Richmond Lexington The VMI Museum in Lexington interprets the role of the Institute during the Civil War, including its burning by Hunter. Lynchburg

www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 13 A Brief History In an effort to divert Federal troops from Gen. Ulysses If you can continue to threaten Grant I hope S. Grant’s north of Richmond, Gen. Robert E. Lee sent Gen. Jubal Early north through the Valley with instructions to strike to be able to do something for your relief all the way to Washington DC, if possible. and the success of our cause shortly. I After his victory at Monocacy, Maryland on July 9, Early made limited attacks against Washington’s strong fortifications. shall lose no time. – Gen. Jubal A. Early to Robert E. Lee His assaults near the Federal capital caused the Lincoln June 1864 Administration great consternation. Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early Frederick Failing to take the capital city, Early withdrew, crossing the Summer 1864 Early Potomac into Virginia near Leesburg and thence to the Valley, followed by Federals under Gen. Horatio G. Wright. The Harpers Ferry Monocacy Confederates confronted their pursuers along the western base of the Blue Ridge, defeating July 9 Winchester them at Cool Spring (July 17-18) on the and then retiring to the relative safety of Fisher’s Hill, south of Strasburg. Wright, believing that Early was departing the Valley to rejoin Lee, began to move some of

June 18 to mid-July Strasburg his units to join Grant at Petersburg, leaving a small force at Winchester under Gen. George Crook. Early attacked Crook just south of Winchester at Kernstown (July 24) and then Front Royal Washington his cavalry moved north and burned Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in retaliation for the burning of Lexington. The July battles would be the Confederacy’s last victories in the region and would pave the way for a new, more destructive level of war in the Shenandoah Valley. New Market Luray

Early Exploring Early’s Harrisonburg July 18 - 23 Winchester, including areas of Frederick and Clarke counties Harpers Ferry Pages 20-23 RUTHERFORD’S McDowell Winchester Fredericksburg FARM There are three Civil War Trails markers about the battle along a walking trail on the east side of Staunton Early Wright Shenandoah River. Take Parker Lane north for approximately 1.5 miles to the parking area. (The site COOL SPRING is owned by Shenandoah University, but open to the public.) There is an additional marker about the Strasburg July 17-18 battle just west of the river, on Route 603, just off VA 7.

Front Royal WashingtonBattle of Rutherford’s Farm A Civil War Trails marker tells the story of the surprising Union victory. One of three markers accessed from a parking area off US 11 westbound, approx. 1/3 mile east of Exit 317 on I-81. July 24 Second Battle of Kernstown Harpers Ferry More than 300 acres of the Second Kernstown battlefield Lexington Luray have been protected by the Kernstown Battlefield Winchester Association. This working farm is open to the public on SECOND Crook weekends May through November. KERNSTOWN July 24 Harrisonburg Early Strasburg Elkton Richmond Early’s Maryland Campaign Early’s Lynchburg McDowell Washington Front Royal Fredericksburg Staunton

Salem New Market 14 Luray www.ShenandoahAtWar.org

Harrisonburg

Lexington McDowell

Staunton

Richmond Lynchburg

Salem

Lexington

Richmond Timeline of Early’s A Brief History In an effort to divert Federal troops from Gen. Ulysses Maryland Campaign S. Grant’s Overland Campaign north of Richmond, June 18 - 21 Gen. Robert E. Lee sent Gen. Jubal Early north through the Valley with instructions to strike Following the Battle of all the way to Washington DC, if possible. Lynchburg, Early pursues Hunter as far as Salem and After his victory at Monocacy, Maryland on July 9, Early made then turns north. limited attacks against Washington’s strong fortifications. Major, we haven’t – Gen. Jubal A. Early to Robert E. Lee Late June to Early July His assaults near the Federal capital caused the Lincoln taken Washington, but June 1864 Administration great consternation. Early advances north, down we scared Abe Lincoln the Valley, crossing the Potomac into Maryland. Early Frederick Failing to take the capital city, Early withdrew, crossing the like hell. Potomac into Virginia near Leesburg and thence to the Valley, – Gen. Jubal A. Early July 8 followed by Federals under Gen. Horatio G. Wright. The Early ransoms the town of Harpers Ferry Monocacy Confederates confronted their pursuers along the western base of the Blue Ridge, defeating Frederick, Maryland. July 9 Winchester them at Cool Spring (July 17-18) on the Shenandoah River and then retiring to the relative July 9 safety of Fisher’s Hill, south of Strasburg. Early’s advance on Washington is delayed by Federals along Wright, believing that Early was departing the Valley to rejoin Lee, began to move some of the Monocacy River, south of Frederick. Strasburg his units to join Grant at Petersburg, leaving a small force at Winchester under Gen. George Crook. Early attacked Crook just south of Winchester at Kernstown (July 24) and then July 11-14 Front Royal Washington his cavalry moved north and burned Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in retaliation for the Early makes limited assaults burning of Lexington. The July battles would be the Confederacy’s last major victories in the on the defenses of Washington before withdrawing westward region and would pave the way for a new, more destructive level of war in the Shenandoah along the Potomac, crossing Valley. the river near Leesburg. New Market July 14-17 Luray Confederates move west across Early Exploring Early’s Maryland Campaign Loudoun County and cross the Blue Ridge at Snicker’s Gap Harrisonburg (along modern-day Va 7). Winchester, including areas of Frederick and Clarke counties July 17-18 Harpers Ferry Pages 20-23 RUTHERFORD’S Pursuing Union forces engage McDowell Winchester elements of Early’s army along Fredericksburg FARM Battle of Cool Spring There are three Civil War Trails markers about the battle along a walking trail on the east side of the Shenandoah River at Cool Staunton Early Wright Shenandoah River. Take Parker Lane north for approximately 1.5 miles to the parking area. (The site Spring and retreat. COOL SPRING is owned by Shenandoah University, but open to the public.) There is an additional marker about the July 18 - 23 Strasburg July 17-18 battle just west of the river, on Route 603, just off VA 7. After additional limited WashingtonBattle of Rutherford’s Farm engagements, Confederates Front Royal camp at Fisher’s Hill, south of A Civil War Trails marker tells the story of the surprising Union victory. One of three markers accessed Strasburg and Federals occupy from a parking area off US 11 westbound, approx. 1/3 mile east of Exit 317 on I-81. Winchester. Second Battle of Kernstown July 20 More than 300 acres of the Second Kernstown battlefield Lexington Luray Union cavalry defeats Con- have been protected by the Kernstown Battlefield federates at Rutherford’s Farm. Association. This working farm is open to the public on weekends May through November. July 24 Harrisonburg Early attacks the Federals Elkton at Kernstown, south of Richmond Winchester, driving them north towards Harper’s Ferry. Lynchburg McDowell Fredericksburg July 30 Staunton Confederates burn Pritchard’s Hill at the center of the Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Salem Second Kernstown battlefield. www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 15

Lexington

Richmond Lynchburg

Salem A Brief History By the late summer of 1864, the Union had Do all the damage to railroads and crops you can. experienced the disaster at Kernstown and the Confederate burning of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant resolved to Carry off stock of all descriptions… so as to crush Confederate Gen. Jubal Early’s army and destroy the fertile Shenandoah as a military prevent further planting. If the war is to last granary for Lee’s army. He reorganized several military districts under one commander and chose his aggressive cavalryman, Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, to lead this new army with another year, we want the Shenandoah Valley to the bulk of the Federal cavalry. Sheridan’s instructions were to defeat Early and conduct a remain a barren waste. – Gen. Ulysses S. Grant campaign of total warfare in the Valley. August 1864 Sheridan took command of his new army in early August and marched south. After weeks Harpers Ferryof watching—and occasionally engaging—one another, including smaller actions at Guard Harpers Ferry Hill (August 16) and Berryville (September 3), the situation changed dramatically in mid- Sheridan at Fisher’s Hill Winchester September, when Sheridan delievered a shattering blow at Third Winchester (September THIRD WINCHESTER September 23 - October 5 19). Early retreated and made an unsuccessful stand at Fisher’s Hill (September 22) September 19 Sheridan before withdrawing south, seeking the safety of the Strasburg western slopes of the Blue Ridge. Washington August - September BERRYVILLE Front Royal September 3 The Union army proceeded south and Federal FISHER’S Strasburg Sheridan cavalry embarked on a two-week campaign HILL of destruction to neutralize the Shenandoah September 22 WashingtonNew Market Front Royal Luray Valley’s agricultural base, the “breadbasket of the Confederacy.” In what became known as The Early GUARD HILL August 16 Harrisonburg Burning, thousands of mills, barns, and farm

Elkton buildings were put to the torch, stores of grain and livestock were destroyed or confiscated, and New Market McDowell Luray Harpers Ferry livelihoods were turned to ash. Staunton Early Early’s cavalry pestered the Union raiders from Winchester Staunton and Harrisonburg north until Sheridan Harrisonburg Mid-October routed the Confederates at Tom’s Brook (October Elkton Sheridan’s cavalry 9) and pursued them 10 miles south to Woodstock. TOM’S BROOK Strasburg October 9 Early attempted to turn the tide with a surprise Front Royal Washington McDowell Lexington attack at Cedar Creek on October 19, but a Union Early’s counterattack turned the day into a crushing Staunton cavalry defeat for the rebels. Thereafter, the Confederacy New Market Harpers Ferry Luray lost controlRichmond of the Shenandoah Valley and its Late October Early bounty. The final remnants of Early’s army were Winchester destroyed at Waynesboro on March 2, 1865. Harrisonburg Elkton CEDAR Sheridan CREEKMcDowell Strasburg October 19 Early Staunton To learn more about the history... Lexington Front Royal Washington The Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation has published a companion to its booklet

Sheridan’s 1864 Shenandoah Campaign Sheridan’s “If this Valley is lost, Virginia is lost!” Stonewall Jackson’s Valley Campaign. The second publication, “Give the enemy no rest!” Sheridan’s 1864 Shenandoah Campaign, is available in New Market most visitor centers and many bookstores in the Valley. A list of retailers is available online Luray Richmond at ShenandoahAtWar.org. Lexington 16 www.ShenandoahAtWar.org Harrisonburg Elkton Richmond McDowell

Staunton

Lexington

Richmond Timeline of By the late summer of 1864, the Union had Sheridan’s A Brief History Shenandoah experienced the disaster at Kernstown and the Campaign Confederate burning of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant resolved to crush Confederate Gen. Jubal Early’s army and destroy the fertile Shenandoah as a military August 6 granary for Lee’s army. He reorganized several military districts under one commander Sheridan is made commander and chose his aggressive cavalryman, Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, to lead this new army with of the new Army of the the bulk of the Federal cavalry. Sheridan’s instructions were to defeat Early and conduct a Shenandoah. campaign of total warfare in the Valley. August 16 Sheridan took command of his new army in early August and marched south. After weeks The two sides fight the small and inconclusive Battle of Harpers Ferryof watching—and occasionally engaging—one another, including smaller actions at Guard Guard Hill. Harpers Ferry Hill (August 16) and Berryville (September 3), the situation changed dramatically in mid- Winchester September, when Sheridan delievered a shattering blow at Third Winchester (September September 3-4 THIRD WINCHESTER September 23 - October 5 19). Early retreated and made an unsuccessful stand at Fisher’s Hill (September 22) The armies fight another September 19 Sheridan before withdrawing south, seeking the safety of the indecisive battle at Berryville. Strasburg western slopes of the Blue Ridge. September 19 Washington BERRYVILLE Front Royal Sheridan decisively defeats September 3 The Union army proceeded south and Federal Early at the bitterly-fought Third Battle of Winchester. FISHER’S Strasburg Sheridan cavalry embarked on a two-week campaign HILL of destruction to neutralize the Shenandoah The Confederates withdraw September 22 WashingtonNew Market to Fisher’s Hill. Front Royal Luray Valley’s agricultural base, the “breadbasket of the Confederacy.” In what became known as The September 21-22 Early GUARD HILL August 16 Burning, thousands of mills, barns, and farm Early’s army is defeated again Harrisonburg at Fisher’s Hill and retreats Elkton buildings were put to the torch, stores of grain south through the Valley. and livestock were destroyed or confiscated, and New Market McDowell September 23 – October 8 Luray livelihoods were turned to ash. Staunton Sheridan moves south to Early Early’s cavalry pestered the Union raiders from Staunton, then withdraws Staunton and Harrisonburg north until Sheridan northward as Union cavalry systematically destroys or Harrisonburg routed the Confederates at Tom’s Brook (October confiscates barns, mills, crops, Elkton 9) and pursued them 10 miles south to Woodstock. and livestock during “The Burning.” Early attempted to turn the tide with a surprise McDowell October 9 Lexington attack at Cedar Creek on October 19, but a Union The blazing buildings everywhere— Federal cavalry units defeat counterattack turned the day into a crushing the smoke that all that day obscured Staunton their pursuing southern defeat for the rebels. Thereafter, the Confederacy the sun and flying cinders counterparts at the Battle of Tom’s Brook. lost controlRichmond of the Shenandoah Valley and its of shingle and of straw—the bounty. The final remnants of Early’s army were countenances of women, and little October 19 destroyed at Waynesboro on March 2, 1865. At Cedar Creek, Early’s children holding them by the hand, brilliant surprise attack looking on!...What were we coming overwhelms much of the Union army, but the Federals to? What would all this end in? rally and counterattack, – Newton Burkholder routing the Confederates To learn more about the history... Confederate soldier and all but destroying Early’s Lexington command. The Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation has published a companion to its booklet March 2, 1865 “If this Valley is lost, Virginia is lost!” Stonewall Jackson’s Valley Campaign. The second Federal cavalry destroys the publication, “Give the enemy no rest!” Sheridan’s 1864 Shenandoah Campaign, is available in small remnant of Early’s army most visitor centers and many bookstores in the Valley. A list of retailers is available online at Waynesboro. Richmond at ShenandoahAtWar.org.

www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 17 By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusionSheridan’s and I had noShenandoah other recourse but toCampaign: rally the Brigade on higher ground... Exploring the Story Today There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into The story of Sheridan’s campaign resonates in Valley families confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally theeven Brigade today. onIndeed, higher this ground... history is Thereespecially we tookcompelling—not a stand and for hours successfully repulsed successfully repulsed only because of its effect on the eventual outcome of the Civil War—but also because of its impact on the personal lives of the Shenandoah’s citizenry. By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the By degrees the whole line was thrownThere are into many confusion places in the and Valley I thathad todayno othertell the recourse story of this but dramatic tolly ra the campaign, from mill sites to battlefields to museums. As you explore the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand andValley, for hoursyou may successfully even encounter arepulsed resident who might share By degreeswith you thehis or whole her own family’s experience during this dark chapter of the Valley’s history. line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took Winchester, areas of Frederick and Clarke counties a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no a stand and for hours successfully repulsed ByPages degrees 20-23 the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higherThird ground...Winchester Orientation There Center we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed Located across Redbud Road from the Battlefield Park parking area, the orientation By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion andcenter I hadprovides no historicalother andrecourse visitor-related but informationto rally for theThird BrigadeWinchester on higher ground... battlefield sites throughout Winchester, Federick County, and Clark County. Third Winchester Battlefield Park There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsedThird Winchester Battlefield ByPark degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion Miles of interpreted trails guide visitors through the area that saw some of the and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade fierciston higher fighting ground... of the battle –There and the weentire took war – aincluding stand Artilleryand for Knoll, hours First successfully Woods, and the Middle Field. Start at the Redbud Road parking area across from repulsed repulsed the Orientation Center. Open dawn to dusk. Third Winchester — Printed Battlefield Driving Tour A printed battlefield driving tour for this battle is available at most Civil War sites in the Winchester and Frederick County area, online at www.ShenandoahAtWar.org, and at the Civil War Orientation Center inside the Winchester-Frederick County By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally By degrees the whole linevisitor was center. thrown into confusion and I had no other recourseut b to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a standStephenson’s and for Depot hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line This area at the northern end of the battlefield is interpreted by Civil War Trails was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and was thrown into confusion and I had no other recoursesigns but at theto intersectionrally theof Old Brigade Charles Townon higherand Milburn ground... roads. There we took a stand Depiction of Sheridan’s Field Hospital Sheridan’s Field Hospital at Shawnee Springs for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other and for hours successfully repulsed LocatedBy degrees along the the Winchester whole lineGreen Circlewas Linearthrown Park into is the siteconfusion of one of the and I had no largest field hospitals of the Civil War. Signage describes the state-of-the-art system recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground...used to heat There the almost we 500took tents a in stand this sprawling and for facility hours used duringsuccessfully and after repulsed Sheridan’s campaign. By degrees the whole line thrownwas Signal Knob, including Middletown,By degrees Strasburg,the andwhole line thrownwas Front Royal into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rallyPages the 24-27 Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse successfully repulsed By degreesNational the Parkwhole Service line Visitor was Contact thrown Station into confusion and I had no other recourse Orientation center with interpretive exhibits and displays, fiber optic map on battle, but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There weand took driving a tours, stand maps and and forbrochures. hours 7712 successfully Main Street, Middletown. repulsed Cedar Creek Battlefield Foundation Headquarters and Hupp’s Hill Civil War Park The CCBF Headquarters in Middletown interprets the , and Hupp’s Hill Civil War Park in Strasburg interprets Sheridan’s 1864 Valley Campaign. Belle Grove Plantation Both sites are operated by the Cedar Creek Battlefield Foundation.

18 www.ShenandoahAtWar.org Belle Grove Plantation By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... This antebellum plantation complex owned by the National Trust for Historic Preservation and managed by Belle Grove, Inc. interprets the pre-war story of this historic site as well Thereas its werole astook a headquarters a stand and and focal for point hours of the Battlesuccessfully of Cedar Creek. repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into Cedar Creek Battlefield confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours Other battle sites open to visitors include the 8th Vermont Monument Trail, the 19th Trench Trail, Thoburn’s Redoubt, and more. The NPS’s self-guided tour brochure and CD successfully repulsed successfully repulsed audio tour (available at the Visitor Contact Station) can help you discover these sites. Fisher’s Hill Battlefield Just south of Strasburg along US 11, travelers will encounter the first of several Virginia Civil War Trails signs that describe this “Gibraltar of the Valley” and the Battle of Fisher’s Hill. Following Battlefield ByRoad degreeswest of I-81 the takes whole you to line Ramseur’s was Hill,thrown a one-mile into confusionInterpretive andsignage I alonghad the no walking other trail atrecourse Ramseur’s but tolly ra the By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the walking trail at the site of the flanking movement that turned the tide of this battle. This Hill on the Fisher’s Hill battlefield Brigadesite is ownedon higher by the Shenandoahground... Valley There Battlefields we took Foundation. a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole Tom’s Brook Battlefield line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took Inside the Shenandoah County Park south of the town of Toms Brook, there is a Virginia Civil War Trails sign that describes this battle. a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no Guard Hill Battlefield A Civil War Trails marker on the battle is located off Riverton Road, north of the North other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed Fork of the Shenandoah River. By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... New Market, including Luray and areas of Page County Pages 28-31 There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion Edinburg Mill and Museum andIn I thehad town no of other Edinburg recourse stands one butof the tofew rallymills that thesurvived Brigade The Burning. on higher Trails ground...Edinburg Mill There we took a stand and for hours successfully and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully signage tells its story. repulsedCivil War Trails Signage in Luray and Page County repulsed Located throughout Page County are a number of Virginia Civil War Trails roadside markers telling the story of Sheridan’s campaign–from his effort to cut Early off at Fisher’s Hill to the destruction of The Burning. A printed driving tour of Page County’s Civil War sites is available at the regional visitor center in downtown Luray. By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourseut b to rally By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally Rockingham, including Harrisonburg and areas of Page the CountyBrigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line Pages 32-35 was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand Silver Lake Mill Site of the old Daniel Bowman Mill, destroyed during The Burning. Trails signage here The Heritage Museum in historic Dayton, home of the for hoursdescribes successfully the “Breadbasket ofrepulsed the Confederacy” and the role of mills Byin thedegrees Valley’s the wholeHarrisonburg-Rockingham line was thrown County into Historical confusion Society. and I had no other and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no agricultural economy. recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed Downtown Dayton Virginia Civil War Trails signs describe the fear and retaliation during the dark days of The Burning. By degrees the whole line thrownwas By degrees the whole line thrownwas Site of the Death of Lt. John Meigs into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours Here the son of the U.S. quartermaster was shot and killed. In retaliation, Sheridan ordered the wholesale destruction of not only the barns and mills of the surrounding area successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but also homes. Trails signage interprets this story. but Laceyto rallySpring the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed This is the site of one of the final engagements of the war in the Valley—a December 1864 cavalry skirmish between Union Gen. George Custer and Confederate Gen. Thomas Rosser. Breneman-Turner Mill The Breneman-Turner Mill survived The Burning, despite being set on fire once and Site of the Death of Lt. John Meigs catching fire a second time. Trails signage tells the story.

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