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Wilbur & Orville Wright
Wright Company The Wright Company was incorporated on November 22, 1909. The Wright Company factory was completed in November 1910 and a duplicate factory building was erected in 1911. The buildings continued in use until the Wright Company was sold, October 15, 1915. Series of nine interior views of the factory of the French firm of Astra, Societé de Constructions Aeronautiques, Paris, which was building Wright airplanes in 1909 under license from the Wright brothers. L’Aviation illustrée, v. 1, May 29, 1909: 1 Exterior view of Wright Company factory, Dayton, 1910. World’s Work, v. 20, Aug. 1910: 13311 Exterior end views of Wright Company factory, Dayton, 1911. LC-W86-98; LC-W86-121; SMIN 38,530-C; SMIN 38,531-B Exterior side views of Wright Company factory, Dayton, 1911. LC-W86-95; LC-W86-96; Aircraft, v. 2, Sept. 1911: 246; HAWBHP 94; SMIN 3830-O Interior views of Wright Company factory, Dayton, including views of the assembly of wing frames, biplane strut construction, elevator and rudder frame construction, and runner construction. Allg Auto Zeit, v. 10, Mar. 26, 1909: 41; LOUVA fac ing 164, 170,402,404; SBNA 83 (two views) Series of interior views of Wright Company factory, Dayton. WADC 252372-252383 Series of interior views of Wright Company factory, Dayton. SMIN 32,120-E; SMIN 32,122-Q; SMIN 36-323-A; SMIN 38,524-E; SMIN 38,530-B; SMIN 38,530-J; SMIN 38,531-A Interior view of Wright Company factory, Dayton, 1911, show ing three airplanes in process of assembly. -
The Power for Flight: NASA's Contributions To
The Power Power The forFlight NASA’s Contributions to Aircraft Propulsion for for Flight Jeremy R. Kinney ThePower for NASA’s Contributions to Aircraft Propulsion Flight Jeremy R. Kinney Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Kinney, Jeremy R., author. Title: The power for flight : NASA’s contributions to aircraft propulsion / Jeremy R. Kinney. Description: Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017027182 (print) | LCCN 2017028761 (ebook) | ISBN 9781626830387 (Epub) | ISBN 9781626830370 (hardcover) ) | ISBN 9781626830394 (softcover) Subjects: LCSH: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration– Research–History. | Airplanes–Jet propulsion–Research–United States– History. | Airplanes–Motors–Research–United States–History. Classification: LCC TL521.312 (ebook) | LCC TL521.312 .K47 2017 (print) | DDC 629.134/35072073–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017027182 Copyright © 2017 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the United States Government or of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication is available as a free download at http://www.nasa.gov/ebooks National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC Table of Contents Dedication v Acknowledgments vi Foreword vii Chapter 1: The NACA and Aircraft Propulsion, 1915–1958.................................1 Chapter 2: NASA Gets to Work, 1958–1975 ..................................................... 49 Chapter 3: The Shift Toward Commercial Aviation, 1966–1975 ...................... 73 Chapter 4: The Quest for Propulsive Efficiency, 1976–1989 ......................... 103 Chapter 5: Propulsion Control Enters the Computer Era, 1976–1998 ........... 139 Chapter 6: Transiting to a New Century, 1990–2008 .................................... -
The Wright Brothers Played with As Small Boys
1878 1892 The Flying Toy: A small toy “helicopter”— made of wood with two twisted rubber bands to turn a small propeller—that the Wright brothers played with as small boys. The Bicycle Business: The Wright brothers opened a bicycle store in 1892. Their 1900 experience with bicycles aided them in their The Wright Way: investigations of flight. The Process of Invention The Search for Control: From their observations of how buzzards kept their balance, the Wright brothers began their aeronautical research in 1899 with a kite/glider. In 1900, they built their first glider designed to carry a pilot. Wilbur and Orville Wright Inventors Wilbur and Orville Wright placed their names firmly in the hall of great 1901 American inventors with the creation of the world’s first successful powered, heavier-than-air machine to achieve controlled, sustained flight Ohio with a pilot aboard. The age of powered flight began with the Wright 1903 Flyer on December 17, 1903, at Kill Devil Hills, NC. The Wright brothers began serious experimentation in aeronautics in 1899 and perfected a controllable craft by 1905. In six years, the Wrights had used remarkable creativity and originality to provide technical solutions, practical mechanical Birthplace design tools, and essential components that resulted in a profitable aircraft. They did much more than simply get a flying machine off the ground. They established the fundamental principles of aircraft design and engineering in place today. In 1908 and 1909, they demonstrated their flying machine pub- licly in the United States and Europe. By 1910, the Wright Company was of Aviation manufacturing airplanes for sale. -
Pursuit of Power NASA’S Propulsion Systems Laboratory No
Pursuit of Power NASA’s Propulsion Systems Laboratory No. 1 and 2 By Robert S. Arrighi National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA History Program Office Public Outreach Division NASA Headquarters Washington, DC 20546 SP–2012–4548 2012 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Arrighi, Robert S., 1969- Pursuit of Power : NASA’s Propulsion Systems Laboratory, No. 1 & 2 / Robert S. Arrighi. p. cm. -- (NASA history series) (NASA SP ; 2012-4548) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Propulsion Systems Laboratory (U.S.)--History. 2. Wind tunnels. 3. Hypersonic wind tunnels. 4. Aerodynamics--Research--United States--History--20th century. 5. Propulsion systems--United States--History--20th century. 6. NASA Glenn Research Center. I. United States. NASA History Division. II. Title. III. Title: NASA’s Propulsion Systems Laboratory, No. 1 & 2. IV. Title: Propulsion Systems Laboratory, No. 1 & 2. TL568.P75A77 2012 629.1’1072--dc23 2011032380 • Table of Contents • Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ vii Condensed History of the PSL ......................................................................................................... ix Preserving the PSL Legacy ................................................................................................................. ix Endnotes for Introduction ................................................................................................................. -
A Guide to Teaching the Invention of Flight
A guide to teaching the invention of flight Wright Brothers Teacher’s Guide This curriculum guide was developed in partnership by Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park and the Dayton Daily News Newspapers In Education (NIE) program as an outreach to students. This information focuses on the Wright brothers’ work in Dayton, Ohio, which led to the invention of free, controlled and sustained flight in a power-driven, heavier-than-air machine. As we approach the 100th anniversary of flight and increased attention is given to the achievements of the Wright brothers, this guide — based on state and national standards — is intended to enrich your existing classroom curricula. Included is background information on the Wright brothers with guided questions, teacher instructions and six student activity sheets. Supplemental materials included are a list of Web sites and books, an Aviation Trail brochure and Dayton area map. We hope you find this to be a useful educational tool for your classroom. Enjoy your trip along the Aviation Trail! Wright brothers background information written by: Mark Bernstein, author of Grand Eccentrics, Orange Frazer Press, 1996. Activities written by: Vickie Hesler Bern Schwieterman Teacher, Neff Elementary Teacher, Southdale Elementary Miamisburg City Schools Kettering City Schools Developed and edited by: Sandy Eichhorn Hilt Ann Deines Educational Services Director Chief, Education and Resources Management Dayton Daily News/Springfield News-Sun Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park Photos courtesy of Special Collections and Archives, Wright State University. Teacher’s Guide Introduction and the Family of the Wright Brothers PRELEARNING ACTIVITY Church of the United Brethren in Christ; for many years, he had charge of the church’s publishing work, Ask students: conducted here in Dayton. -
AVIATION ACTIVITY BOOK Special Collections & Archives Wright State University Libraries
AVIATION ACTIVITY BOOK Special Collections & Archives Wright State University Libraries The Aviation Activity Book was created by the staff of the Wright State University Special Collections & Archives and made possible with a generous grant from the National Aviation Heritage Alliance. June 2020 Special Collections & Archives Wright State University Libraries 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy. Dayton, OH 45435-0001 937-777-2092 [email protected] https://www.libraries.wright.edu/special/ The First Flight (ms1_16_2_10) On December 17, 1903, at 10:35am, the Wright Brothers changed the world by successfully flying the first powered heavier-than-air machine at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Orville, the younger brother, was the airplane pilot, while older brother, Wilbur, ran alongside. In his diary, Bishop Milton Wright, father of Wilbur and Orville, wrote: Thursday, December 17 In the afternoon about 5:30 we received the following telegram from Orville, dated Kitty Hawk, N.C., Dec. 17. “Bishop M. Wright: “Success four flights Thursday morning all against a twenty-one mile wind started from level with engine power alone average speed through the air thirty one miles—longest 57 seconds. XXX home Christmas. Orville Wright.” Aviators of the Miami Valley Wilbur (1867-1912) & Orville (1871-1948) Wright Wilbur was born April 16, 1867, on a farm near Millville, Indiana, while Orville was born in Dayton, Ohio, on August 19, 1871. Their interest in flying started as children with a toy helicopter brought home by their father. The Brothers operated a printing business and later built and repaired bicycles. By 1900, the Wrights were testing their gliders on the sand dunes of Kill Devil Hills near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. -
Home of the Wright Brothers… Wright the of Home Aha.054.03 10K
practical flight at Huffman Prairie. Photo by Neil “Skip” Raymond “Skip” Neil by Photo Prairie. Huffman at flight practical Armstrong Air & Space Museum Space & Air Armstrong Front cover: Recreation of the Wright brothers’ achievement of achievement brothers’ Wright the of Recreation cover: Front advancement. Dayton is synonymous with aviation. with synonymous is Dayton advancement. of the most significant regions in the world for aviation aviation for world the in regions significant most the of stories. Come. Discover. Fly! Discover. Come. stories. Aviation Heritage. Today, it continues that heritage as one as heritage that continues it Today, Heritage. Aviation away with a new appreciation of one of America’s greatest greatest America’s of one of appreciation new a with away much more. All told, Dayton truly is the Global Center of of Center Global the is truly Dayton told, All more. much visiting NAHA, you will grasp that significance and come come and significance that grasp will you NAHA, visiting and Wars, World the between production aircraft civilian the course of human history more than any other. Upon Upon other. any than more history human of course the airfield, the first parachute jump, WACO’s dominance of of dominance WACO’s jump, parachute first the airfield, changed that invention the was airplane the that agree Many would occur in the Dayton region, such as the first military military first the as such region, Dayton the in occur would milestones other years, later In Wrights. the with began merely brothers’ invention. brothers’ But the Dayton region’s contributions to aviation progress progress aviation to contributions region’s Dayton the But nation’s aviation heritage unfolded following the Wright Wright the following unfolded heritage aviation nation’s the millennia old secrets of human flight, and see how our our how see and flight, human of secrets old millennia the display at Carillon Historical Park in Dayton. -
Historic Preservation, Environmental Justice, and Economic Redevelopment at a Closed Auto Manufacturing Plant
Historic Preservation, Environmental Justice, and Economic Redevelopment at a Closed Auto Manufacturing Plant Brad White Tony Sculimbrene Veronica Morris Amanda Wright Lane Historic Preservation, Environmental Justice, and Economic Redevelopment at a Closed Auto Manufacturing Plant • Introduction (Brad White, Hull and Assoc.) • History (Tony Sculimbrene, NAHA) • Brownfield Development Activities (Brad White, Hull and Assoc. • West Dayton (Veronica Morris, City of Dayton) • The Future (Amanda-Wright Lane, NAHA) 2 Wright Brothers History 1903 • First Flight at KittyHawk North Carolina 1904-1905 • Test flights and perfection of the airplane at Huffman Prairie Flying Field 1908 • First flight in Europe • Failed demonstration flight at Ft Meyer VA 1909 • Continued flights in Europe • Sale and delivery of 1st airplane to the US Army Signal Corp • Wilbur flies around the Statue of Liberty • Wright Company is established 1910-1911 • Construction of the two Wright Company factory buildings 1915 • Orville sells Wright Company to investors after building 120 airplanes at the site; Dayton Wright Aircraft Company is formed 3 4 5 6 7 Dayton Wright Aircraft and Successors • 1915-1919 – Site produces aircraft parts, final assembly takes place in Moraine Ohio – Four thousand aircraft built for WW I • 1919-1923 – General Motors (GM) acquires the site – Three additional buildings constructed – GM exits the airplane business and begins full auto parts manufacturing at the site that continues for the next 85 years 8 Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical -
Aircraft Propulsion C Fayette Taylor
SMITHSONIAN ANNALS OF FLIGHT AIRCRAFT PROPULSION C FAYETTE TAYLOR %L~^» ^ 0 *.». "itfnm^t.P *7 "•SI if' 9 #s$j?M | _•*• *• r " 12 H' .—• K- ZZZT "^ '! « 1 OOKfc —•II • • ~ Ifrfil K. • ««• ••arTT ' ,^IfimmP\ IS T A Review of the Evolution of Aircraft Piston Engines Volume 1, Number 4 (End of Volume) NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM 0/\ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN ANNALS OF FLIGHT VOLUME 1 . NUMBER 4 . (END OF VOLUME) AIRCRAFT PROPULSION A Review of the Evolution 0£ Aircraft Piston Engines C. FAYETTE TAYLOR Professor of Automotive Engineering Emeritus Massachusetts Institute of Technology SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON • 1971 Smithsonian Annals of Flight Numbers 1-4 constitute volume one of Smithsonian Annals of Flight. Subsequent numbers will not bear a volume designation, which has been dropped. The following earlier numbers of Smithsonian Annals of Flight are available from the Superintendent of Documents as indicated below: 1. The First Nonstop Coast-to-Coast Flight and the Historic T-2 Airplane, by Louis S. Casey, 1964. 90 pages, 43 figures, appendix, bibliography. Price 60ff. 2. The First Airplane Diesel Engine: Packard Model DR-980 of 1928, by Robert B. Meyer. 1964. 48 pages, 37 figures, appendix, bibliography. Price 60^. 3. The Liberty Engine 1918-1942, by Philip S. Dickey. 1968. 110 pages, 20 figures, appendix, bibliography. Price 75jf. The following numbers are in press: 5. The Wright Brothers Engines and Their Design, by Leonard S. Hobbs. 6. Langley's Aero Engine of 1903, by Robert B. Meyer. 7. The Curtiss D-12 Aero Engine, by Hugo Byttebier. -
Huffman Prairie Flying Field Cultural Landscapes Inventory
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historic Park Ohio Huffman Prairie Flying Field Cultural Landscapes Inventory June 2014 Table of Contents The Cultural Landscapes Inventory Overview 5 45 Chapter 1: Inventory Unit Summary 7 Chapter 2: Concurrence Status 9 Chapter 3: Geographic Information & Location Map 11 Chapter 4: Management Information 17 Chapter 5: National Register Information 19 Chapter 6: Chronology & Physical History 21 Chapter 7: Analysis & Evaluation of Integrity 29 Chapter 8: Condition 39 Chapter 9: Treatment 41 Bibliography 43 Supplemental Information 45 MWRO, Cultural Landscapes Program, 2013 Cover Image: Wright Model B at Huffman Prairie Flying Field. (Wright Brothers Historic Aeronautical Photographs) Huffman Priaire Flying Field Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park The Cultural Landscapes Inventory Overview: CLI General Information The Cultural Landscapes Inventory (CLI) is a database containing information on the historically signifi- cant landscapes within the National Park System. This evaluated inventory identifies and documents each landscape’s location, size, physical development, condition, landscape characteristics as character-defining features, as well as other valuable information useful to park management. Cultural landscapes become approved inventory records when all required data fields are entered, the park superintendent concurs with the information, and the landscape is determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places through a consultation process or is otherwise managed as a cultural resource through a public planning process. The CLI, like the List of Classified Structures (LCS), assists the National Park Service (NPS) in its efforts to fulfill the identification and management requirements associated with Section 110(a) of the National Historic Preservation Act, National Park Service Management Policies (2001), and Director’s Order #28: Cultural Resource Management. -
The Historic “Aerodrome A”
Politically Incorrect The Flights and Fights Involving the Langley Aerodrome By Nick Engler As morning dawned on 28 May 1914, the “Aerodrome A” perched like a giant dragonfly on the edge of Lake Keuka, surrounded by journalists, photographers, even a videographer. Members of the scientific elite and Washington DC power structure were also there, among them Charles Doolittle Walcott, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and Albert Zahm, the director of the recently reopened Langley Aerodynamical Laboratory. They carefully spun the event for the media, explaining why they were attempting to fly the infamous Langley Aerodrome eleven years after two highly-publicized, unsuccessful, and nearly- catastrophic launch attempts. A cool breeze blew down the lake, gently rocking the four tandem wings that sprouted from the Aerodrome’s central framework. It was time to go. As the sun crept higher in the sky the winds would kick up. With a pronounced 12-degree dihedral between the pairs of 22-foot wings, even a modest crosswind could flip the old aircraft if it got under a wing. Workmen from the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company of Hammondsport, New York lined up along the pontoons and outriggers recently added to the airframe. They lifted the half-ton aircraft a foot or so above the ramp, duck-walked it into the water and turned it into the wind. 1 Glenn Curtiss waded out, stepped onto the braces between the forward pontoons and climbed into the nacelle that hung beneath the framework. He settled into the cockpit and tested the familiar Curtiss controls – wheel, post and shoulder yoke borrowed from one of his early pushers.1 This system had replaced the dual trim wheels that had steered the original Aerodrome. -
Volunteer Brochure
New airplane, original factory Give History right “B” Flyer Inc. is an all-volunteer, required 501(c)(3) nonprofit based on Dayton- WrightW Brothers Airport. It flies the “Brown Postage stamp Bird,” a one-of-a-kind lookalike of a 1911 Wright Model B airplane. WINGS For more than thirty years, the Brown Bird has or a generation, Wright “B” Flyer Inc. inspired thousands with flybys from Dayton has celebrated the heritage of the Wright to Germany and given Honorary Aviators— brothersF by flying and displaying a modern including the late Neil Armstrong—the wind-in- lookalike of their first production airplane—the your-face sensation of pioneer flight. Model B. Now, we’re preparing to build a new one to ensure our mission continues for the next In recent years, the rise in invitations to display generation. and fly our airplane at international venues has ilbur and Orville formed the Wright made it clear we need a new airplane that's WCompany in 1909. The two buildings Working with the Experimental easier for our volunteers to ship to distant they erected in 1910 and 1911 turned out Aircraft Association, we're offering Volunteer Coordinator Volunteer Inc. "B" Flyer, Wright 10550 Springboro Pike Miamisburg, OH 45342 locations and operate with a small support crew. approximately one hundred-twenty airplanes by the time Orville sold the company in 1915. The EAA members and chapters a chance The new airplane project took off in 2014 when “B” was its first and most popular model. to build the next Wright "B" Flyer. an individual with a passion for aviation heritage donated $100,000 and offered to match another NAHA is working to preserve the factory Learn how you can help.