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Nz Ing a Mbandi Queen of Ndongo and Matamba Queen of Ndongo Nzinga Mbandi African History in Women UNESCO Series on Women in African History in African Women Series on UNESCO Women in African History The UNESCO Series on Women in African History, produced by the Knowledge Societies Division of UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector, was conducted in the framework of the Priority Africa Intersectoral Platform, with the support of the Division for Gender Equality. This initiative was realized with the fnancial contribution of the Republic of Bulgaria. UNESCO specialist responsible for the project: Sasha Rubel Editorial and artistic direction: Edouard Joubeaud Published in 2014 by the United Nations Educational, Scientifc and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France © UNESCO 2014 ISBN 978-92-3-200026-2 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http:// www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover illustration: Pat Masioni Layout: Dhiara Fasya, Maria jesus Ramos Logo of the project: Jonathas Mello Iconography: Obioma Ofoego, Adriana Balducci Script Joubeaud Serbin, and text: Sylvia Edouard Illustrations: Pat Masioni Illustrations: Pat Queen of Ndongo and Matamba Queen of Ndongo Comic strip Comic Nzinga Mbandi Nzinga Editorial and artisticEditorial Joubeaud direction: Edouard UNESCO Series on Women in African History in African Women Series on UNESCO Scienti Text: Adriana Balducci, Sylvia Serbin Sylvia Balducci, Adriana Text: f c validation: Simão Souindoula c validation: Pedagogical unit Pedagogical 1 of contents Table 4 3 2 5 P Bibliography Biography Introduction Comic Strip Comic edagogical Unit edagogical 54 39 9 7 5 5 Visit and share the UNESCO website on Women Figures in African History: in African Figures on Women website the UNESCO and share Visit history. in African women exceptional women, UNESCO seeks to highlight their legacy and calls Through this for project continued and research on by the emphasizing the role of education, academic careers and main achievements of these and all mankind.the history Africa of their countries, to unknown, and known women, African of contribution the partof small a only represents women 20 of list This Ransome-Kuti) (Wangari protection Maathai). and environmental rights (Funmilayo of women’s defence f in distinguished diverse themselves have women Itof or African descent. that historically, women demonstrates (ICT), women African 20 Technology projectshowcases the Communication and Information of use the Through women key selectionof a highlight to aims website, corresponding its Historyand African Series, in Women UNESCO The Spotlight on women! 1 elds such as politics (Gisèle Rabesahala), diplomacy and resistance against colonization (Nzinga Mbandi), Introduction f gures in African history. in African gures www.unesco.org/womeninafrica Nzinga Mbandi – Introduction Photograph by Rita Barreto, 2013. Rita by Barreto, Photograph 6 Photograph by UNESCO/M. Benchelah, 2012. UNESCO/M. by Photograph Photograph by David Blumenkrantz, David 2010. by Photograph project has been developed within the framework of Phase II. of Phase within the framework project has been developed educational content in order to develop encourage the to teaching aims of Africa, African The of Women history. in History African General Historythe of Use Pedagogical The entitled and 2009 in launched II, Phase website. on the UNESCO can be found download translated into thirteen languages (including three African publication of languages). a collection A of eight digital volumes, a version main edition, available and an for abridged Phase version which I have of been the project was launched in 1964 and completed in 1999. It resulted in the preparation and General History project. of Africa is part publication This of UNESCO’s General HistoryThe of Africa societies. past in women of lives the in conditions economic and political, social, the highlights and features, As such, the teaching of history has a crucial role to play since it enables the understanding of cultural in all societies. role their central and highlights human rights of women the fundamental enforce to leverage provides it equality: gender of value essential the of transmission the possible makes Education notably in education. principles in all its programmes, The Organisation strives to promote gender equality and empowerment women’s by integrating these Gender equality is one of the global priorities UNESCO Nzinga Mbandi – Introduction 7 tenaciously resisting Portugal’s colonialist aspirations until her death in 1663. her death until aspirations colonialist Portugal’s resisting tenaciously forge numerous strategic alliances, and her knowledge of trade and religious issues served her well in as an excellent sovereign. Her tactics in In 1624, warfare Ngola Mbandi and died. Nzinga took espionage, power and her became queen. She diplomatic quickly distinguished skills, herself her diplomat. ability and negotiator outstanding an to be to proved Nzinga Governor. Portuguese the Sousa, de Correia by the he Portuguese, sent Nzinga peace with for to Domnegotiate Mbandi as João to his Luanda envoy but he had neither charisma his nor father’s the intelligence of his sister Nzinga Mbandi. In 1622, harried Ngola Mbandi Kiluanji, the King of Ndongo, died in 1617. His son, Ngola Mbandi, became the new king governance. her mark of female as an outstanding example made NzingaMbandi that backdrop that Itagainst was region. entire the and Ndongo Kingdomof the of the along southern trade African coast, slave drastically changed the the of political, social, development economic the and particular cultural environment in designs, mercantilist Europeans’ The Angola. century de Matamba, and Ndongo of Queen (1581–1663), Mbandi Nzinga Nzinga Mbandi, Queen and Matamba of Ndongo 2 Biography Biography f ned much of the history of seventeenth- of history the of much ned Photograph by Erik Cleves Kristensen, Erik 2006. Cleves by Photograph Nzinga Mbandi – Biography Statue of Nzinga Mbandi, Luanda, of NzingaStatue Mbandi, Luanda, Republic of Angola. Queen of Ndongo decree proclaiming proclaiming decree Nzinga becomes on her brother’s on her brother’s D. navigation along navigation the West African African West the monopoly on a Portuguese a Portuguese 1623/24 The Regent, Regent, The Pedro, issues a Pedro, death. 8 1443 coast. coast. Kingdom of Portugal Portugal of Kingdom lands to the south of lands to Cape Boujdour and Cape V con Ponti has dominion over has dominion over 1626-1629 to Matamba. to Nzinga loses and retreats and retreats by Pope Nicholas Pope by her throne her throne Cape Chaunar. Chaunar. Cape The The f 1455 f ex rms the that Romanus Romanus papal bull the new capital of Nzinga’s kingdom Nzinga’s Establishment of Establishment in Matamba. 1630/31 The Portuguese Portuguese The navigator Paulo Paulo navigator Dias de Novais Dias de Novais arrives in the arrives Kingdom of Ndongo. 1560 Nzinga forges Nzinga forges Luanda at the at Luanda 1641-1648 1646 alliance with alliance who occupy who occupy the Dutch, the Dutch, a strategic a strategic Novais founds founds Novais Paulo Dias de Paulo the city of time. Luanda. Luanda. 1575 combats 20,000 combats Battle of SengaBattle at Kavangaem. at Nzinga’s army army Nzinga’s Portuguese Portuguese soldiers. c. 1580 c. war between between war Portuguese. Outbreak of Outbreak Ndongo and the Timeline Ilamba, won by Nzinga’s Nzinga’s by Mbandi. 1581/82 Battle of Battle Birth of 1648 Nzinga army. becomes Kingbecomes Ngola Mbandi peace treaty treaty peace Portuguese. of Ndongo. of the last the father the father 1657 of Nzinga with the Mbandi, Kiluanji, Signing Signing 1592 Ngola becomes king. becomes Ngola Mbandi Death of Mbandi. 1663 Nzinga Mbandi’s Mbandi’s Death of brother, brother, Kiluanji. Nzinga 1617 Mbandi, formally de formally the Colonial Act, Act, the Colonial colonization of colonization of present-day of present-day Publication of Publication the territories Portugal’s Portugal’s 1930 Angola. Dom peace treaty with treaty peace Ndongo’s envoy envoy Ndongo’s the Portuguese the Portuguese Nzinga travels Nzinga travels to negotiate a negotiate to to Luanda as Luanda to Governor, Governor, de Sousa. João Correia João Correia 1622 f ning Nzinga Mbandi – Biography independence. Angola wins Angola 1975 Nzinga Mbandi Christening of Christening as Dona Ana de Sousa in Luanda. 1623 9 3 Comic Strip Comic on historical and iconographic research on Nzinga Mbandi and the seventeenth century in Angola. They do not claim to be an exact do not claim to They century on Nzinga in Angola. Mbandi and the seventeenth research and iconographic on historical The following comic strip is an interpretation of certain periods in the life of Nzinga Mbandi. The illustrations are based are illustrations The of certain of Nzinga strip periods Mbandi. is an interpretation comic in the life following The Nzinga Mbandi, Queen of Ndongo and Matamba representation of the events, people, architecture, hairstyles, or clothing of the period. hairstyles, architecture, people, of the events, representation Foreword Nzinga Strip Mbandi – Comic A key fgure in African resistance to colonialism, Queen Nzinga defned much of the history of seventeenth-century Angola. An outstanding strategist and skilful negotiator, she defended her country steadfastly until her death in 1663 at the age of 82.
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