DOCSLIB.ORG

Bibliotheca Alexandrina WINTER 2015 | Year 8, Issue 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Bibliotheca Alexandrina Planetarium Science Center WINTER 2015 | Year 8, Issue 1 IN THIS ISSUE... 4 Earth’s Cousin 5 Home Lost Home Planetarium Home Sweet Home: Science Center 6 The Beginning Indeed, Necessity is the WINTER 2015 8 Mother of Invention Year 8, Issue 1 Luxuries Turned 9 Necessities Cultural Outreach Sector Minimalism vs. Educational & Promotional 10 Publications Unit (COPU) Consumerism Top 10 Necessities Maissa Azab 11 of Modern Life Head of Unit Editorial Team 12 A World Without Internet By: Maissa Azab Shahenda Ayman In my humble opinion, if enough to give us a sense Hend Fathy When Death is Essential 13 anyone wants to learn how it of security, and warmth. Esraa Ali Mankind has always had Hygiene: Your Gateway all begins, one should watch to fight for these bare Sara Khattab 14 to Better Health Cast Away! Watching this Moataz AbdelMegid agonizingly great movie, it necessities; fights that sadly, Lamia Ghoneim never fails to scare and shock but inevitably, have and will Jailane Salem 15 Water Also Kills invoke ugly wars. me; I mean to be reminded of Basma Fawzy our utter vulnerability. With However, the truly sad Omar Raafat part is that, with all the Water Scarcity: all the comforts and luxuries Ahmed Khaled 16 we splurge in, we definitely development, progress, and The Battle of the Future forget that what Mankind prosperity we have achieved, we should have matured Design Team really needs to survive at Malnutrition: enough to make sure we all Asma Haggag 18 the core of all things is fresh A Growing Threat water, food, some kind of get what we need without Maha Sherin shelter, hopefully fire, and— hurting each other or future Fertilizers Battling World generations. As things stand, Faten Mahmoud 19 if we are really lucky—a Hunger companion, even if it were an that is not the case by any Publishing Department imaginary one. means; not even the most Language Revision 20 Astronomy of the Arabs This brilliant movie, arduous Earth lovers’ efforts among so many deep have been able to bring Contact Us: The Necessity of meanings, boldly underlines us closer to this seemingly [email protected] 21 Expression the Bare Necessities, the utopic state. SCIplanet simple bare necessities. Wait, In this issue, we simply Exploring the Human are they really so simple? tackle the bare necessities; 22 Civilization Enigma - 05 Sitting on my couch, in my the original necessities, warm apartment, a bottle of Mankind’s struggle to secure mineral water by my side, a them, the challenges they | WINTER 2014 new year begins; bowl of delicious munchies still present to us. We also A and with every new at hand’s reach, they sure tackle new necessities that | WINTER 2015 For additional information beginning, we look back seem simple. Unfortunately, modernism has both blessed and reservation, please at how far we have come, that is not the case; not by a and damned us with. contact: where we started, and where long shot. We hope you enjoy the [email protected] we are now. The truth is we Mankind has struggled for new issue and the new year, Tel.:+(203) 4839999 all start at the same place; millennia to secure sources and to hopefully make a new, Ext.: 2350, 2351 only we do not know it, or at of fresh water, catch food, more sustainable, beginning Fax: +(203) 4820464 least do not recognize it. find or build shelters strong out of it for yourself and others. www.bibalex.org/psc 2 By: Dr. Jaidaa Gawad Hamada Lecturer, English Department Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University Once upon a time, from the swirling comfortable; hence, setting his creativity have enabled man to alter the very dusts of a nascent solar system, and to work to come up with a plethora of course of life on Planet Earth, yielding far- with an oxygen-rich, life-sustaining inventions. Not only are these inventions reaching consequences in all walks of life. atmosphere, there emerged a gigantic a tangible manifestation of Man’s On the other side of the spectrum, abode for Mankind called Planet Earth. ingenuity, but they have also proven to be drastic changes in climate; ever- Once the newborn organized itself a measuring yard for charting the history increasing population growth; mounting among its brethren into concentric shells, of human development. levels of pollution; devastating nuclear its continents, oceans, and atmosphere Bare necessities they have become, contamination; shortage of water supplies; came into being, and eventually life thereby necessitating their being scarcity of food; among a barrage of emerged on it. Of all its siblings in the solar broached in this issue of our newsletter. other manifestations of environmental system, Planet Earth had proven to be the In this context, one cannot but highlight impairment, have come to pose a potent most benevolent, endowed as it was with the widely propagated proverb “necessity threat to Man’s relationship to Planet varied assets that made it habitable, and is the mother of invention”. Practically Earth. This, in its turn, necessitates a by implication, welcoming to Mankind. speaking, it is impossible to study the systematic plan to counter the setbacks of There was an even broader dimension history of human science and development technological innovation. to those privileges; as far as humanity without turning to a set of bare necessities In short, these bare necessities have was concerned, its resources made it a that have become part and parcel of become indispensable to the point of their congenial milieu for laying the groundwork Man’s existence. being interwoven into the very fabric of of civilization. Nonetheless, to be In each and every age and culture, our daily existence on Planet Earth. As habitable, and even hospitable, did not inventions form the pinnacle of human you navigate through this issue of our mean that it had always been the land of development. Occurring in varied contexts newsletter, we wish you a most stimulating | WINTER 2015 milk and honey. Planet Earth was never within the continuum of technological reading, underpinned by a most bare utopian! development, the nature and scope of necessity to explore some of our bare Over the centuries, and up until this man’s inventions reveal how imperative necessities. present day, Man has been incessantly they are to our modern lives. Throughout endeavoring to make his existence more human history, these bare necessities 3 A COSMIC POINT OF VIEW By: Sara Khattab Several months ago, NASA announced which means it is on a tighter orbit than that its Kepler Telescope has uncovered a Earth is. new solar system about 500 light years This planet receives one-third of the Since its launch in 2009, NASA’s away from Earth and they gave it the energy from its star as what the Earth Kepler Space Telescope has been hunting name Kepler 186; this star is an M-dwarf, receives from our Sun; it would still be planets that could be other Earths. Each also called a red dwarf. M-dwarf stars are warm enough to prevent liquid water from discovery is a significant milestone in usually cooler and dimmer than sun-like freezing, in case it has an atmosphere that humanity’s efforts to find evidence of life stars; that is why their habitable zones provides a substantial greenhouse effect. elsewhere in our galaxy; astronomers are are located much closer to the star. These At high noon, the planet’s surface is only looking for a planet that mimics the Earth’s stars also gravitationally interact with their about as bright as the Earth is at sunset. characteristics to be able to support life. planets, causing tides that heat the planet The planet’s size influences the Some of the previously discovered planets and often cause their rotations to be tidally strength of its gravitational pull, and were found in the habitable zone of its solar locked, which means one side always its ability to pull in abundant gases as system, but are all at least 40% larger than faces the star and the other faces the old hydrogen and helium. At this size, Kepler- Earth’s size. The habitable zone is the open space, much like our moon is tidally 186f has a small chance that it could have region around a star within which a planet locked with Earth. gathered up a thick hydrogen and helium can sustain liquid water on its surface Researchers had previously thought envelope, so there is a good chance that it given the right atmospheric conditions; that tidal locking would make a planet does have a rocky surface as Earth. being in this zone does not mean that the inhospitable to life; as such a world would Actually, it is not easy to know if the planet is habitable though. have one scorching-hot hemisphere and planet is habitable; astronomers need Life on a planet requires the presence another freezing cold hemisphere. More- to get a sense of the atmosphere and of liquid water; so a planet with the recent modeling work suggests that air its greenhouse effect. Still, Kepler-186f, potential for life would not be too close or water currents could transport heat nicknamed “Earth’s cousin”, is considered to the star, which would be too hot that around such planets, evening out their a huge discovery that proves the existence the water vaporizes, yet not too far than temperatures. of worlds that might be similar to our the star, where it would be too cold that There are five planets orbiting the own, and will undoubtedly shape future the water freezes.
Recommended publications
  • Investigating Gifted Middle School Students' Images About

    Investigating Gifted Middle School Students' Images About

    Science Education International Vol. 27, Issue 1, 2016, 136-150 Investigating Gifted Middle School Students’ Images about Scientists: A Cultural Similarity Perspective N. BAYRI*, M. S. KOKSAL†, P. ERTEKIN‡ ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to investigate gifted middle school students’ images about scientists in terms of cultural similarity. Sample of the study is 64 gifted middle school students taking courses from a formal school for gifted students. The data were collected by using Draw-a-scientist (DAST) instrument and was analysed by two researchers using Draw-a-scientist C form. The data involved two different drawings for the scientist from similar culture and the popular scientists respectively, and explanations of the drawings. When looked at the findings from cultural similarity perspective, it was seen that the findings about the drawings changed for the scientists in terms of cultural similarity with the students. They wrote mostly Einstein and Edison for the popular scientists while they gave names of Cahit Arf, Avicenna and Ali Qushji for scientists from similar culture. Also they did draw lab coat and eyeglasses more frequently for the popular scientists than those for scientists from similar culture. As another finding, they drew more number of tools for research of common scientists than those for scientists from similar culture. Finally, they drew messy, noisy, non-sterile places for the scientists from similar culture while they imagined the scientists from similar culture as lazy, ignorant inattentive and clumsy. These findings show importance of cultural similarity perception of gifted students on the scientists when they think about the scientists, this situation asks new questions about culture-dependent scientist images of gifted students to gifted science education researchers using DAST.
  • History of Islam

    History of Islam

    Istanbul 1437 / 2016 © Erkam Publications 2016 / 1437 H HISTORY OF ISLAM Original Title : İslam Tarihi (Ders Kitabı) Author : Commission Auteur du Volume « Histoire de l’Afrique » : Dr. Said ZONGO Coordinator : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Faruk KANGER Academic Consultant : Lokman HELVACI Translator : Fulden ELİF AYDIN Melda DOĞAN Corrector : Mohamed ROUSSEL Editor : İsmail ERİŞ Graphics : Rasim ŞAKİROĞLU Mithat ŞENTÜRK ISBN : 978-9944-83-747-7 Addresse : İkitelli Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Mahallesi Atatürk Bulvarı Haseyad 1. Kısım No: 60/3-C Başakşehir / Istanbul - Turkey Tel : (90-212) 671-0700 (pbx) Fax : (90-212) 671-0748 E-mail : [email protected] Web : www.islamicpublishing.org Printed by : Erkam Printhouse Language : English ERKAM PUBLICATIONS TEXTBOOK HISTORY OF ISLAM 10th GRADE ERKAM PUBLICATIONS Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I THE ERA OF FOUR RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS (632–661) / 8 A. THE ELECTION OF THE FIRST CALIPH .............................................................................................. 11 B. THE PERIOD OF ABU BAKR (May Allah be Pleased with him) (632–634) ....................................... 11 C. THE PERIOD OF UMAR (May Allah be Pleased with him) (634–644) ............................................... 16 D. THE PERIOD OF UTHMAN (May Allah be Pleased with him) (644–656) ........................................ 21 E. THE PERIOD OF ALI (May Allah be pleased with him) (656-661) ...................................................... 26 EVALUATION QUESTIONS .........................................................................................................................
  • The Golden Age of Islamic Achievement a Five-Part Social Studies Unit for Middle School

    The Golden Age of Islamic Achievement a Five-Part Social Studies Unit for Middle School

    The Golden Age of Islamic Achievement a five-part social studies unit for middle school Created by the Middle East Studies Center at Portland State University Written by: Courtney Ferrari, Sarah Segal, Elisheva Cohen The Golden Age of Islamic Achievement a five-part social studies unit for middle school Created by the Middle East Studies Center at Portland State University Lessons: 1. History of the Abbasid and Umayyad Dynasties 2. Geography of Islamic Expansion 3. Cities of Baghdad and Cordoba 4. House of Wisdom—scholarship in the Abbasid Dynasty 5. Scholarship, Art and Architecture in Muslim Spain Unit goal: Students will understand the role of Islamic civilization in the medieval world: its geographic and historical context, its achievements, scope and impact. Curriculum framing questions for the unit: Lesson 1: ‹ What events constitute the Abbasid and Umayyad Golden Ages? ‹ How are events in distant empires related? ‹ When and how did the empires begin and end? ‹ What events constitute the Golden Age of Islamic empires? Lesson 2: ‹ What was the geographic extent of the dynasties that made up the Islamic Golden Age? ‹ How were these societies shaped by the physical geography of their empires? Lesson 3: ‹ How are events in distant empires related? ‹ In what ways were the achievements of the Abbasid and Umayyad dynasties similar? In what ways were they different? ‹ Where did the Golden Age take place and how did geography affect its character? Lesson 4: ‹ What was the House of Wisdom and why was it important? ‹ Why did Caliph al-Ma’mun create the House of Wisdom and why did he choose Baghdad for its location? Lesson 5: ‹ What can objects tell us about the people who made them? ‹ In what ways were the achievements of the Abbasid and Umayyad dynasties similar? In what ways were they different? ‹ How did the achievements of these dynasties influence the world around them? Golden Age of Islamic Achievement: Overview 2 Learning objectives for the unit: Lesson 1: ‹ Students will be able to construct a proportional, parallel timeline to compare political units.
  • Dramatis Personae •

    Dramatis Personae •

    Dramatis Personae • Note: all dates are approximate. ALEXANDER THE GREAT (356– 323 bc). Macedonian ruler who, af- ter invading Central Asia in 329 bc, spent three years in the region, establishing or renaming nine cities and leaving behind the Bactrian Greek state, headquartered at Balkh, which eventually ruled territo- ries extending into India. Awhad al- Din ANVARI (1126– 1189). Poet and boon companion of Sultan Sanjar at Merv who, boasting of his vast knowledge, wrote that, “If you don’t believe me, come and test me. I am ready.” Nizami ARUDI. Twelfth- century Samarkand- born poet and courtier of the rulers of Khwarazm and of Ghor, and author of Four Discourses, in which he argued that a good ruler’s intellectual stable should include secretaries, poets, astrologers, and physicians. Abu Mansur Ali ASADI. Eleventh- century poet from Tus and follower of Ferdowsi. Working at a court in Azerbaijan, Asadi versified The Epic of Garshasp (Garshaspnameh), which ranks second only to Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh among Persian epic poems. Farid al- Din ATTAR (1145– 1221). Pharmacist and Sufi poet from Nishapur, who combined mysticism with the magic of the story- teller’s art. His Conference of the Birds is an allegory in which the birds of the world take wing in search of Truth, only to find it within themselves. Yusuf BALASAGUNI (Yusuf of Balasagun). Author in 1069 of the Wisdom of Royal Glory, a guide for rulers and an essay on ethics. Written in a Turkic dialect, Yusuf’s volume for the first time brought a Turkic language into the mainstream of Mediterranean civilization and thought.
  • Al-K¯Ash¯I's Mift¯Ah.Al-H.Isab, Volume I Arithmetic

    Al-K¯Ash¯I's Mift¯Ah.Al-H.Isab, Volume I Arithmetic

    Al-K¯ash¯ı’sMift¯ah. Al-H. isab, Volume I Arithmetic: Translation and Commentary Nuh Aydin and Lakhdar Hammoudi Contents 1 Preface 3 2 Introduction5 2.1 A Biography of al-K¯ash¯ıand a Brief History..................5 2.2 List of al-K¯ash¯ı’sKnown Works......................... 10 2.3 Manuscript Copies of Mift¯ah. ........................... 14 2.4 Modern Researchers' Assessment of Mift¯ah. and al-K¯ash¯ı’sWork....... 16 2.5 Pedagogical Aspects of Mift¯ah. .......................... 18 2.6 Possible Future Projects............................. 20 2.7 Notes on Translation and the Purpose of This Work.............. 21 3 The Mift¯ah. Translation 22 3.1 Cover Page.................................... 22 3.2 Preface of The Mift¯ah. .............................. 24 3.3 Table of Content of The Mift¯ah. ......................... 30 3.4 The First Treatise on Integer Arithmetic.................... 41 3.5 The Second Treatise on Arithmetic of Fraction................. 123 3.6 The Third Treatise on Arithmetic of Astronomers............... 185 References 245 2 1 Preface It is unfortunate that one of the most important mathematics books of the medieval Islamic civilization,1 namely Mift¯ah. al-H. isab written by al-K¯ash¯ı in 1427, has not been fully trans- lated to English before. In fact, until the middle of the twentieth century it was unknown to modern researchers [27]. According to Rashed [31], traditional history of mathematics was shaken by Luckey's discovery of this monumental work. Mift¯ah. Al-H. isab is written in Arabic and has never been fully translated to another language except for Russian [33]. Also, two small sections of Mift¯ah.
  • Islamic Muslim Welfare Organisation Malaysia

    Islamic Muslim Welfare Organisation Malaysia

    NOT FOR SALE ﻫاﻟﺪ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ PERTUBUHAN KEBAJIKAN ISLAM MALAYSIA ISLAMIC MUSLIM WELFARE ORGANISATION MALAYSIA PERKIM Sumbangan/Zakat (Donation/Zakat) Volume 34 No. 2 - 2017 ISBN 012-826 PP 12022/02/2013(032148) Sebarang bentuk sumbangan / zakat boleh disalurkan ke Ibu Pejabat PERKIM untuk membantu golongan: Any form of donation / zakat can be channel to PERKIM Headquarters to help: Mualaf / Converts Fakir Miskin / Poor Ibu Tunggal / Single Parent Anak Yatim / Orphans Mangsa bencana / Disaster victims Orang Kurang Upaya / Disabled people SHE IS ME Sumbangan boleh diberi dalam bentuk : Donations may be given in the form: Female Wang ringgit (tunai/cek) / Money (cash / cheque) Scholarship Kerusi roda / Wheelchair Kenderaan (kereta/van/bas) / Vehicle (car / van / bus) Pakaian terpakai / Used clothes Makanan / Food + / Expertise IBN FIRNAS’ Kepakaran, kemahiran 17 FLYING MACHINE Sumbangan yang berbentuk tunai / cek boleh dikreditkan ke : Donations in the form of cash or cheques can be credited to : The history of aviation NAMA AKAUN / Acc Name : TABUNG KEBAJIKAN TUNKU NO. AKAUN / Acc No : 105020002899 (Affin Bank Berhad) ZHENG HE + Islam in China Mereka yang bersifat pemurah dan dermawan bukan sahaja 11 “ Tidak ada satu hari hamba Allah berpagi pada hari itu, selain ia disanjungi dan dikasihi oleh masyarakat, malah di akhirat Allah SWT dihadiri dua Malaikat; kemudian salah seorang daripada menjanjikan ganjaran yang berlipat kali ganda. Allah SWT telah keduanya mendoakan: “Wahai Tuhan, berilah si dermawan itu memberi jaminan bahawa sifat pemurah dan dermawan tidak akan ganti; dan salah satu malaikat lagi mendoakan : Wahai Tuhan, + mengurangkan harta malah rezekinya akan ditambah selain berilah orang yang bakhil itu kehancuran“. (Sahih al-Bukhari) 52 mendapat saham pahala akhirat yang berterusan.
  • Philosophical Paradigm of Islamic Cosmology

    Philosophical Paradigm of Islamic Cosmology

    Vol. 7(2), pp. 13-21, February, 2016 DOI:10.5897/PPR2015.0135 Article Number: E1A8ABA57874 ISSN:2141-663X Philosophical Papers and Reviews Copyright © 2016 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/PPR Review Philosophical paradigm of Islamic cosmology Ali Mohammad Bhat Islamic Research Academy, India. Received 5 October, 2015; Accepted 11 February, 2016 Humans have been examining the cosmic bodies for many millennia, but scientific discoveries and ideas about the origin of the universe have changed the religious discourse and rely completely on empiricism. Many theories were put forth by the physicists, philosophers and even religions at large but Islam has its prime source of information “Quran” upon which Muslim cosmologists builds their theories and directed their ideas about the cosmology. According to Quran with the role of man or other creatures in the formation and regulation of heavenly bodies, it is God who holds everything and has power to create things which are observable or hidden in this universe. A large portion of the Holy Quran contains such information from first big bang to expansion of the universe, the concept of time, space, creation of heavens and earth, constellations and extinction of the total canvas of the universe. An attempt has been made to answer all the challenges put forth by modern sciences to religious knowledge particularly to Islamic cosmology. Different sources were utilized to highlight those challenges and response to them is provided through mutakallimun literature, and also directly from Qur’anic references. Key words: Big-Bang, cosmology, cosmogony, expansion of universe, formation of sky and earth, Ratqan, red shift.
  • Download the 2019 Abstract Book

    Download the 2019 Abstract Book

    2019 History of Science Society ABSTRACT BOOK UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS | 23-27 JULY 2019 History of Science Society | Abstract Book | Utrecht 2019 1 "A Place for Human Inquiry": Leibniz and Christian Wolff against Lomonosov’s Mineral Science the attacks of French philosophes in Anna Graber the wake of the Great Lisbon Program in the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine, University of Earthquake of 1755. This paper Minnesota concludes by situating Lomonosov While polymath and first Russian in a ‘mining Enlightenment’ that member of the St. Petersburg engrossed major thinkers, Academy of Sciences Mikhail bureaucrats, and mining Lomonosov’s research interests practitioners in Central and Northern were famously broad, he began and Europe as well as Russia. ended his career as a mineral Aspects of Scientific Practice/Organization | scientist. After initial study and Global or Multilocational | 18th century work in mining science and "Atomic Spaghetti": Nuclear mineralogy, he dropped the subject, Energy and Agriculture in Italy, returning to it only 15 years later 1950s-1970s with a radically new approach. This Francesco Cassata paper asks why Lomonosov went University of Genoa (Italy) back to the subject and why his The presentation will focus on the approach to the mineral realm mutagenesis program in agriculture changed. It argues that he returned implemented by the Italian Atomic to the subject in answer to the needs Energy Commission (CNRN- of the Russian court for native CNEN), starting from 1956, through mining experts, but also, and more the establishment of a specific significantly, because from 1757 to technological and experimental his death in 1765 Lomonosov found system: the so-called “gamma field”, in mineral science an opportunity to a piece of agricultural land with a engage in some of the major debates radioisotope of Cobalt-60 at the of the Enlightenment.
  • Bazi Fikirler Zamanin Ötesindedir Some Ideas Are Beyond Time

    Bazi Fikirler Zamanin Ötesindedir Some Ideas Are Beyond Time

    BAZI FİKİRLER ZAMANIN ÖTESİNDEDİR SOME IDEAS ARE BEYOND TIME 6 7 C B Küçükten büyüğe doğru sıralanmış kafalar Ay’ın Yörüngesi Güneş Sistemindeki Gezegenler DNA sarmalı Bilimin nesilden nesile gelişim süreci... The Orbit of the Moon Planets of the Solar System DNA’s double-helix A Science’s developmental process from B A C generation to generation in order of the smallest to largest minds... MODERN BİLİMİN ÖNCÜLERİ THE JOURNEY OF THE LOGO OF THE LOGOSUNUN YOLCULUĞU PIONEERS OF MODERN SCIENCE Doğanın geometrisi estetiktir, oranlıdır, ritmik ve Nature’s geometry is aesthetic, proportionate, uyumludur. Bedenimizde saklı ve açık yapılarda; epitel rhythmic, and harmonious. We designed our logo with dokuda, DNA’da, saç telinde, doğada; bir örümcek inspiration from the proportions and movements we ağında, bir arı peteğinde, bitki taç yapraklarında, encounter everywhere: in our bodies, in hidden and ağacın gövdesinde, evrende dev galaksilerde, open structures, in the epithelial tissue, in DNA, in a gezegenlerin yörünge dansında, gök cisimlerinin strand of hair, in the universe, in giant galaxies, in the hareketlerine kadar her yerde karşılaştığımız oran ve dance of the planets’ orbits, even to the motion of KEŞİF / DISCOVER hareketlerden ilhamla tasarladık logomuzu. celestial bodies. Modern bilimin öncüsü bilim insanlarının ilham We turned our gaze to the universe and nature, which GÖZLEM / OBSERVATION kaynağı olan evren ve doğaya bakışlarımızı çevirdik. have been the sources of inspiration for the pioneering Galaksileri oluşturan gezegenlerin sıralanışındaki scientists of modern science. We approached eternity mimari ve geometriye bakarken, sonsuzluğa by looking at the architecture and geometry in the yaklaştık. ordering of the planets that form the galaxies.
  • Kenan Tekin Dissertation Approved for Deposit

    Kenan Tekin Dissertation Approved for Deposit

    Reforming Categories of Science and Religion in the Late Ottoman Empire Kenan Tekin Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2016 © 2016 Kenan Tekin All rights reserved ABSTRACT Reforming Categories of Science and Religion in the Late Ottoman Empire Kenan Tekin This dissertation shows that ideas of science and religion are not transhistorical by presenting a longue durée study of conceptions of science and religion in the Ottoman Empire. I demonstrate that the idea of science(s) was subject to a tectonic change over the course of a few centuries, namely between the early modern and modern period. Even within a specific epoch, conception of science and religion were in no way monolithic, as evidenced by the diversity of approaches to these categories in the early modern period. To point out continuity and change in the ideas of science and religion, I study classifications of sciences in the early modern Ottoman Empire, by comparing two works; one by Yahya Nev‘î and the other by Saçaklızâde Muhammed el-Mar‘aşî. Nev‘î wrote from the context of the court in Istanbul, while Saçaklızâde represented the madrasa environment in an Anatolian province, thus providing a contrast in their orders of knowledge. In addition, the dissertation includes a study of the concept of "jihat al- waḥda" (aspect of unity) of science, as discussed by commentators from the early modern period. After first providing a textual genealogy, I argue that this concept reveals the dominant paradigm of scientific thinking during this period.
  • THE ENTRANCE of MODERN OPTICS to OTTOMAN SCIENCE by Sena Pekkendir B.S., Physics, Boğaziçi University, 2011 Submitted To

    THE ENTRANCE of MODERN OPTICS to OTTOMAN SCIENCE by Sena Pekkendir B.S., Physics, Boğaziçi University, 2011 Submitted To

    THE ENTRANCE OF MODERN OPTICS TO OTTOMAN SCIENCE by Sena Pekkendir B.S., Physics, Boğaziçi University, 2011 Submitted to the Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineeering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Graduate Program in Physics Boğaziçi University 2015 ii THE ENTRANCE OF MODERN OPTICS TO OTTOMAN SCIENCE APPROVED BY: Prof. Levent Kurnaz ………………………... (Thesis Supervisor) Prof. İhsan Fazlıoğlu ………………………… (Thesis Co-advisor) Assoc. Prof. Burçin Ünlü ………………………… Prof. Edhem Eldem ………………………… Prof. Naci İnci ………………………… DATE OF APPROVAL: 02.07.2015 iii Dedicated to my husband Behiç and my son Ömer Melih iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I’d like to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis advisor Prof. Levent Kurnaz for teaching me how to do academic research at first by joining me to his Soft Condensed Matter Lab when I was a sophomore. Also I’m very lucky to have been attended to his lectures on History of Science for that I discovered the branch I want to spend my life with. I’m so thankful to him to encourage and support me to write a thesis on history of science. I’d like to express my gratitude to Prof. İhsan Fazlıoğlu for always forcing me to be better and for teaching me a great deal of wisdom of academy. I’m very grateful for the things I’ve learned from him and I’m lucky that I’ll continue learning from him in the upcoming years. I also would like to thank my mother Sera Sarı for being there whenever I need her and always supporting me.
  • Life and Activity of Nasir Al-Din Al-Tusi

    Life and Activity of Nasir Al-Din Al-Tusi

    http://www.hst-journal.com Історія науки і техніки 2020, том 10, випуск 2 History of science and technology, 2020, vol. 10, issue 2 DOI:10.32703/2415-7422-2020-10-2-353-367 UDC 51(091) Maryam Seyidbeyli Institute of the History of Science Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences 115, Huseyn Javid Avenue, Baku, Azerbaijan e-mail: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-5885 Life and activity of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Abstract. At the beginning of the VII century in the political life of the Near and Middle East, fundamental changes have taken place. The Arabs conquered a colossal territory, which included the lands of Iran, North Africa, North-West India, the Asian provinces of Byzantium, most of the former Roman Empire. In the conquered cities of the caliphate, observatories, madaris, libraries were built. At the end of VII century, the first scientific center, an academy, the House of Wisdom, was founded in Baghdad, in which scholars who spoke different languages were assembled. Here the translation and commentary activity were very developed, the main works of ancient thought, such as the writings of Aristotle, Ptolemy were published in the 9th century in the Arabic- speaking world. For two centuries from 750 to 950 years, the works of ancient authors on philosophy, mathematics, medicine, alchemy, and astronomy were translated into Arabic, which indicates the high scientific potential of that time in the East. At the same time, in the XII century, Ibn Rushd composed 38 commentaries on the works of Aristotle, the “Republic” of Plato, the treatise “On the Mind” of Alexander of Aphrodisias, which subsequently had an important influence on the work of Nasir al- Din al-Tusi.