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Isolation, Characterization and Evaluation of Anti-Convulsant Activity of Rubus Racemosus

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Isolation, Characterization and Evaluation of Anti-Convulsant Activity of Rubus Racemosus Available online on www.ijppr.com International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2010; 2(3):26-29 ISSN: 0975 4873 Research Article Isolation, Characterization and Evaluation of Anti-Convulsant Activity Of Rubus Racemosus P.R.Kumar 1* and Dr.V.Vaidhyalingam2 1Department of pharmaceutical science, Vels college of pharmacy, Vels university, Pallavaram – 143. 2Director K.K.College of Pharmacy, Director cum Professor, K.K.College of Pharmacy, 1/161, Sankaralinganar Road, Girukambakkam, Chennai-602 101. ABSTRACT The structure of new compounds Compound I - 1-[20, 21 – dodeacylnanone] – α-1→6-D-glucotetraose-6’’’(P-hydroxy) benzoate. Compound II-9, 10 epoxynonacosane have been isolated from the methanolic aerial extract of the Rubus racemosus. The methanolic extract was subjected to anticonvulsant activity by MES induced epilepsy and determination of neurotransmitter concentrations in rat brain after induction of epilepsy. Keywords: MERR, MEZ, Anticonvulsant, Rubus racemosus INTRODUCTION Seizures are induced to all the groups by using an Rubus racemosus is a deciduous shrub belongs to the electroconvulsiometer. Maximal electroshock seizures family Rosaceae1. Traditionally, it is used as astringent, were elicited by a 60 Hz alternating current of 150 mA abortifacient, muscle relaxant, Anticonvulsant and free intensity for 0.2 sec. A drop of electrolyte solution (0.9% radical scavenging agents2. Family Rosaceae is known as NaCl) with lignocaine was applied to the corneal folk medicine for treatment to nervous disorders3. electrodes prior to application to the rats. This increased Decoction of the root is useful for relaxed bowel and the contact and reduced the incidence of facilities. dysentery4. The chief active constituents are flavanoids, Different doses of the methanolic extract of Rubus phenolic, glycosides and tannins. Literature review racemosus (MERR) were administered for 14 days revealed no documentation of scientific work on aerial before induction of seizures. The duration of various parts of Rubus racemosus. An attempt has been made to phases of epilepsy were observed. The percentage isolate and characterize the compounds and evaluate the protection was estimated by observing the number of anticonvulsant activity. animals showing abolition of Hind Limb Tonic Extension6 (HLTE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Group I Animals treated with 1% SCMC,1ml/100g Extraction and isolation Group II Animals treated with phenytion (25mg/kg) The aerial parts of Rubus racemosus were collected from suspended in 1% w/v SCMC Niligiri hills authenticated, shade dried for seven days Group III Animals treated with MERR* (200mg/kg) and powdered. Powdered material was extracted with suspended in 1% w/v SCMC methanol and evaporated under reduced pressure. The Group IV Animals treated with MERR (400mg/kg) methanolic extract was subjected to column suspended in 1% w/v SCMC chromatography5 over silica gel G activated at 1000 for *MERR – Methanolic Extract of Rubus racemosus one hour. The column was eluated with different organic Determination of the effect of Rubus racemosus on solvents in increasing order of polarity. The eluate from neurotransmitter concentrations in rat brain after the column was collected. The fractions were combined induction of epilepsy and identified by TLC with mobile phase The various biogenic amines in discrete regions of the ethylacetate:isopropyl alcohol, ethylalcohol:methanol6. rat brain were estimated by spectroflurorimetric method. Anti-convulsant activity Preparation of Tissue Extracts8 Experimental animals Dissected frozen rat brains were first cut on a cooled Wistar albino rats weighing 150g-200g were obtained microtome (-200) in to frontal slices (about 1mm thick) from animal house. They were fed with standard pellet at pre determined antero posterior levels. The frontal diet and water adlibitum. Animals were maintained in a slices were subsequently placed on the cooled stage (- standard animal house. The experiments were designed 200) of a punching apparatus where cylindrical tissue and conducted according to the ethical guidelines after samples (usually 1 mm in diameter, same thickness as obtaining the necessary clearance from the committee the slice) were punched out of selected brain areas with a [Approval No: IAEC/XIII/17/CLBMCP/2007-2008. glass tube. The x and y co-ordinates of the center of the Maximal electroshock induced convulsion7 area were adjusted is a stereo microscope, the ocular of Procedure which contained cross line that were concentric with the *Author for correspondence: [email protected] Kumar, Vaidhyalingam / Isolation, characterization and evaluation of anticonvulsant… center of the glass tube. For weight determination the phthaldialdehyde (OPT) method was employed. From tissue pieces were transferred immediately to pre-cooled the OPT reagent (20mg% in conc. HCl) 0.025ml were microhomogenizers which were closed with glass stored added to 0.08ml of the HCl extract. The fluorophore was at –250. developed by heating to 100oC for 10min. For the Extraction serotonin tissue blank 0.025 of HCl without OPT was The tissue(1.5 – 5 mg) was homogenized in 0.1ml HCl- added. After the samples reached equilibrium with the Butanol (0.85ml of 37% HCl in 1liter of butanol for ambient temperature, excitation and emission spectra or spectroscopy) for 1 minute in a glass homogenizer made intensity reading at 360 and 470nm were recorded. from a small centrifuge tube (vol. 1.5ml). The total volume was considered to give 0.105ml, taking account RESULTS of the tissue volume (1mg = 0.001ml). The sample was Compound I OH then centrifuged for 10 min at 2000 rpm. An aliquot of 1 2 the supernatant phase (0.08ml) was added to an 6 Eppendroff reagent tube (vol.1.5ml) containing 0.2ml heptane (for spectroscopy) and 0.025ml HCl 0.1M. After 5 3 4 10 min of vigorous shaking, the tube was centrifuged O C under the same condition as above in order to separate the two phases and the overlaying organic phase was 6 O HO O 4 discarded. The aqueous phase (0.02ml) was then taken 5 2 G 1 either for a 5-HT or NA and DA assay. All steps were HO 3 OH 0 O carried out at 0 C. 6' 8 HO O Nor-Adrenaline and Dopamine assay G' 1' The assay represents miniaturization of trihydroxyindole HO OH O method. To 0.02ml of HCl phase, 0.005ml 0.4M HCl 6" HO O and 0.01ml EDTA/Sodium acetatebuffer (pH 6.9) were G" 1'' added, followed by 0.01ml iodine solution(0.1M in HO OH O ethanol) for oxidation. The reaction was stopped after 6"' two minutes by the addition of 0.01ml sodium HO O G''' 22 thiosulphate in 5M sodium hydroxide(0.5g Na2SO3 in 1''' 309 HO OH m/z O 21 2ml H2O +18ml 5M NaOH). Acetic acid(0.01ml,10M) 29 3 5 7 O 2 was added 1.5 minutes later. The solution was then 20 heated to 1000C for 6 minutes. When the sample again reached room temperature, excitation and emission 1 19 It was spectra were read (330 and 375 nm for Dopamine and obtained as an amorphous and yellow in colour. The IR 395 – 485 nm for Nor-adrenaline) in a spectrum of the isolated compound I from Rubus spectrofluorimeter compared the tissue values racemosus shows characteristic absorption bands at -1 -1 (fluorescence of tissue extract minus fluorescence of 3411cm for –OH group and 1651 cm for α, β – tissue blank) with an internal reagent standard unsaturated carbonyl group. 1 (fluorescence of internal reagent standard minus The HNMR spectrum revealed three distinct patterns of fluorescence of internal reagent blank). Tissue blanks for proton resonances. The first is typical for esterified p- the assay were prepared by adding the reagents of the hydrozy benzoic acid and contained two signals at δ6.85 oxidation step in reversed order (sodium thiosulphate (d, 2H) and δ7.11 (d, 2H).The second pattern is before iodine). Internal reagent standards were obtained characteristic for sugar protons and contained four by adding 0.005ml distilled water and 0.1 ml HCl anomeric resonances at δ5.3, δ5.2, δ4.91 and δ4.92. The Butanol to 20 ng of dopamine and Nor-adrenaline chemical shift values of these doublet signals indicated standard. For the internal reagent blank 0.005ml of water esterification of the anomoric hydroxyl group and four was added to 0.1ml Hcl butanol. sugar units were present. Other sugar protons resonate at Serotonin Assay9 chemical shift values between δ3.04 to δ3.84.The third In order to obtain in a good fluorescence yield with pattern of H-NMR signals is indicative of a long chain reduced volume for 5-HT determination, the o- epoxide and contained signals at δ0.84 (t, 3H, CH3), a 57 309 43 m/z 144 m/z m/z m/z 10 9 1 O 29 m/z 155 10 9 1 O 29 IJPPR September - November 2010, Volume 2, Issue 3 (26-29) 27 Kumar, Vaidhyalingam / Isolation, characterization and evaluation of anticonvulsant… Table 1: TLC of isolated compounds compound II is found to be C29 H58 O from the E1 mass Detecting spectrum [MH]+ m/z 423. The ‘H and 13C NMR spectra Compound Solvent System Rf agent indicated that Compound II was a linear hydrocarbon Compound I Ethyl acetate : UV 0.62 with an epoxide ring (δH, 2.90; δc, 58.19). The 200MHz Compound Isopropanol radiation 0.59 1H-NMR data further showed two very close methyl II Ethyl alcohol : resonances at δ0.84 and δ 0.88. The methylene protons ά Methyl alcohol to the epoxide ring resonated at δ1.47 and gave the strong singlet at δ1.22 for long chain methylene protons, chemical shifts of the corresponding carbons at δc 27.42 two multiplets at δ2.83 and δ2.69 for epoxide hydrogens and 28.65. The strong singlet at δH 2.25 and δc 30.52 and a signal at δ1.57 for the α – methylene protons to the corresponds to the long chain methylene protons and epoxide ring.
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