History Newsletter CENTER FOR HISTORY OF & LIBRARY & ARCHIVES Vol. 42, No. 2 • Winter 2010–2011

Science Beyond Borders: Geophysicists Meet in South America

AIP’s Center for History of Physics discuss many aspects of international for tackling complex geo-problems. Director Greg Good traveled to Foz do collaboration. Among the twelve speak- Other speakers included Brazilian Iguaçu, Brazil earlier this year to take part ers were Jack Hess (Geological Society of graduate students in the history of in the Meeting of the Americas (August America), Pat Leahy (American Geological physics from the Federal University of 8–12), joining more than 2,000 scientists Institute), and Greg Good (AIP). Bahia. One of these students, Indianara from around the world to learn about Silva, based her talk on materials she recent developments in geophysics. The Jack Hess discussed the complexity and found in the Niels Bohr Library & conference was cosponsored by the successes of the recent International Archives while conducting research American Geophysical supported by a grant-in- Union (AGU) as well as aid from the Center for many Latin American History of Physics. scientific organizations and governments. Also this fall, Greg Good presented his research at In July 1949, Physics Today the Niels Bohr Institute published an article by in Copenhagen, the Bart J. Bok on the United Science Studies Unit at Nations Educational, Aarhus University (both Scientific and Cultural in Denmark) and at Organization (UNESCO) Oslo University, Norway. and international coll- While there he met with aboration in science. more young historians of Today, more than 60 science. years later, international collaboration among The Center for History of scientists is ongoing. But it is not on Year of Planet Earth, with its effects Physics sees its cultivation of international autopilot. in countries everywhere. The results activity as essential to its mission, and will go to UNESCO with policy recognizes the special importance of The recent Meeting of the Americas recommendations later this year. Pat encouraging the rising generation of beamed a bright spotlight on this Leahy argued that collaboration among historians of physics in Brazil, Europe, issue, dedicating a special session to divergent scientific societies is needed China, and elsewhere. ■

In this issue...

Science Beyond Borders: Geophysicists Meet in South America...... 1 Grants-in-Aid Awarded in Spring 2010...... 11

Center for History of Physics to Sponsor International Conference Oral History Interview Update...... 12 For Early-Career Historians of Physical Science...... 2 Please Help Us Contact...... 12 The Niels Bohr Archive is Placing Collections on its Website...... 3 Documentation Preserved: New Collections...... 13

News From the Center for History of Physics...... 5 Documentation Preserved: New Finding Aids...... 17

History of Physics and History of Science Recent Publications of Interest...... 19 in Brazilian Universities...... 6 Niels Bohr Library & Archives Report on Internship at the Center for History of Physics...... 8 2010 Book Donations...... 21

Recent Additions to the Niels Bohr Library & Archives...... 9 Cover Photo: Dr. Greg Good (center) with historians at Campinas, Brazil. Credit: photo Grant-in-Aid Program Special Description for 2011...... 11 courtesy of Dr. Greg Good.

AIP Member Societies: The American Physical Society • The Optical Society of America • The Acoustical Society of America • The Society of Rheology • The American Association of Physics Teachers American Crystallographic Association • American Astronomical Society • American Association of in Medicine • AVS The Science and Technology Society • American Geophysical Union Center for History of Physics to Sponsor International Conference For Early-Career Historians of Physical Science

The Center for History of Physics is • Disciplines and Communities—includ- Preference will be given to abstracts that pleased to host an international confer- ing issues of disciplinary identity, and demonstrate how the proposed presen- ence for graduate students and early how the development and interactions tation addresses the conference theme career scholars, to be held July 28 – July of scientific communities affected scien- and one or more of the conference sub- 31, 2011 in Washington, DC, on the tific discourse; and, themes. theme: Continuity and Discontinuity in the Physical Sciences Since the Enlight- • Transfer and Transformation of Knowl- All paper proposals should be e-mailed enment. edge—including issues of how knowledge as an attachment in a single document of natural phenomena is disseminated and (in .pdf, .docx, or .doc format) to Amy The goal of this conference is to fos- transformed within and across cultures. Fisher at [email protected]. The submis- ter communication and collaboration sion deadline is January 15, 2011 at 5:00 amongst junior scholars in the history We welcome submissions, including p.m. U.S. Eastern Standard Time. of the physical sciences. It provides an works-in-progress, from all areas of the opportunity for graduate students and physical sciences—including, but not Successful applicants will be notified scholars to discuss their work and ex- limited to, physics, , chemistry, by early March that their abstracts have change views on current issues in the geology, and space sciences—related to been accepted. history and historiography of the field. these themes. The conference will also provide an op- Conference Organizers: portunity for junior scholars to interact Presentations should be 20–25 minutes in Amy Fisher, Center for History of Physics, with invited senior scholars. length. Paper proposals should include American Institute of Physics the following: Fábio Freitas, Universidade The central theme of continuity and Federal da Bahia discontinuity is organized around three • Your name Anna Holterhoff, Max-Planck-Institut sub-themes relevant to contemporary • E-mail address für Wissenschaftsgeschichte historiographical concerns: • Institutional affiliation Christian Joas, Max-Planck-Institut für • Presentation title Wissenschaftsgeschichte • Theory and Practice—including con- • Presentation abstract (250 words max.) Joseph D. Martin, University of ceptual tools and frameworks, experi- • A short biography, indicating where Minnesota mental methods, laboratory practices, you are in your studies and/or career (250 Ann E. Robinson, University of instrumentation, and their relations; words max.). Massachusetts, Amherst Pierre Teissier, Centre François Viète, Univer- sité de Nantes Xiaodong Yin, Capital Normal University

Planning for the Con- tinuity and Disconti- nuity Conference is also supported by: The Center for History of Physics (American Institute of Physics), DPG FV History of Physics, and the Com- mission for the Histo- ry of Modern Physics (IUHPS/DHS).

The conference web site is http://www.aip. org/history/events/ conference2011

2 History Newsletter | Winter 2010–2011 www.aip.org/history The Niels Bohr Archive is Placing Collections on Its Website By Finn Aaserud, Director, Niels Bohr Archive, Copenhagen, Denmark

As some readers may have observed al- able to researchers in practice? This was ment level—proved a real challenge. ready, the Niels Bohr Archive (NBA) has a puzzle that troubled us for a long time, With the help of computer experts at the made a good start at making information while our small staff was also occupied NBI, I was able to reeducate myself in about its collections, and even some of with other matters, such as complet- programming, and after several months the collections themselves, available on ing the Niels Bohr Collected Works. In the majority of our already existing the internet. The work is still in progress, early 2007 my old friend Joe Anderson catalogues was imported into Archon. but just for this reason it may be useful at the AIP Center for History of Phys- As a consequence, a user can now at this point to share some of the lessons ics alerted us to the existence of the ar- easily search and move around in and learned and to receive feedback from our chives software Archon, freely available across catalogues. users in order to make improvements. from the University of Illinois. However, it took another year and a half just to be Fortunately, Archon allows linkage to The story begins in the spring of 2003, able to install the software, a process digital documents outside the software when the Danish State accepted the which proved to require extensive as- itself, and we were thus able to link from NBA’s application for a pilot project. The sistance from the infrastructure of our the document level of the catalogues purpose was, first, to make the in-house host institution, the Niels Bohr Institute to each archival document. Unlike the catalogues of our archival collections— (NBI). Nor was learning how to find catalogues, however, the archival docu- which existed in various formats, both on one’s way around in the software, once ments are generally restricted. Any per- paper and as computer files—available to installed, a trivial matter. In the end we son visiting our archives database is everyone on the internet from our web- succeeded, with crucial help from the therefore required to apply for access to site. Second, we wished to make some of Archon developers themselves. such documents. This is done by down- the archival material itself digitally avail- loading, printing and submitting an ap- able for researchers upon application. However, the exercise proved to be plication from our website, much like For our paper collection we chose the worth it. Entering the information of our the application that researchers visiting archival material on the collection level, the NBA in person need to fill out. Upon Niels Bohr Political Papers, which is of a which was already on our homepage, approval of the application, the re- manageable size, which had just been re- into standard archives fields in Archon searcher will receive a password giving leased by the family for research use, and proved a trivial matter. But our more de- access to archival material for a limited which we deemed of special interest. In tailed catalogues—previously only for time for the particular project described addition, we applied to make a good part staff use and maintained in a variety of in the application. of our film and sound collections simi- formats sometimes down to the docu- (Continued on next page) larly available, both because some of this material was in a deteriorating physical state and because we wanted to try out several kinds of collections.

The scanning of the documents could begin at once as an in-house project, which at the same time made it possible to continue paying salaries to our per- manent staff. The scanning had two pur- poses. First, we made high-quality digital copies in TIFF format to be kept as a secu- rity backup of the collection itself. From these, we then made black-and-white PDF-files of significantly lower resolution with the intention of making them avail- able to researchers as digital documents. The sound recordings and films were digitized out of house. Just as in the case of the documents, two sets of files were produced: one of high quality for backup purposes, and one of lower quality for later use by researchers. A snapshot from a silent film taken at an after-conference party at Niels Bohr’s residence, the But how best to make the material avail- Carlsberg Mansion, 1947. Credit: courtesy of Finn Aaserud. www.aip.org/history Winter 2010–2011 | History Newsletter 3 side and outside duction quality (usually in black-and- Denmark, and white) of the documents themselves ac- hope to make this ceptable? We would be grateful for any material available comment to these and other questions in a year. sent to our email address [email protected]. Obviously, nothing can compete with a Our flagship, the research visit to the NBA, which we still Niels Bohr Scientific encourage! ■ Correspondence (BSC—about 400 Correction correspondents), John Stachel, professor emeritus, is part of the Ar- Boston University, has asked for the chives for the His- correction of two errors in Dwight tory of Quantum E. Neuenschwander’s article “Bright Physics, which is Ideas: From Concept to Hardware available on mi- in the First Lasers,” which was in the crofilm at several Summer 2010 History Newsletter. institutions around the world. Digitiz- The article states that Einstein’s 1917 ing this collection paper depended on four facts “well is therefore seen known to physicists” at the time. Prof. as less urgent. Stachel notes that practically no physi- However, over the cists accepted that electrons make years many new transitions between states by emitting scientific letters or absorbing a photon, one of the pur- have come to light, ported facts. Secondly, no one then so that there now Photo of , winner of the 1937 in knew that “Planck’s statistical phys- Physics, taken in February 1957 in Charlottesville, VA for an article exists a supple- ics gave us an expression for the en- that appeared in the Richmond Times-Dispatch. Credit: R. Beverly ment to the BSC, Orndorff, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. ergy distribution in a gas of photons.” with as many cor- Prof. Stachel’s article “Bohr and the (Collections, continued from previous page) respondents as the Photon,” in Wayne C. Myrvold and Joy The pilot project was finally completed original collection, which has not been Christian, eds., Quantum Reality, Rela- early this year, and we are grateful to the microfilmed. The NBA has recently- re tivistic Causality, and Closing the Epis- Danish Ministry of Science for generous- ceived a grant from the Ministry to digi- temic Circle (Springer 2009) details the ly allowing us to reach this stage in spite tize this supplement, the documents of rejection of the photon concept. of the many delays along the way. Yet, which we hope to make available on the project must still be considered to be our website by 2013, the centennial for The interpretation of black-body ra- in its beginning stages. For one thing, our Bohr’s model of the nuclear atom. diation as the equilibrium distribu- current version of Archon on the inter- tion of a gas of light quanta became net is not the most recent one; updating We have found the task of digitizing our possible only after the work of S.N. to the latest version, which we expect to collections generally complex, some- Bose. Prof. Stachel discusses this in occur within half a year’s time, will lead to times frustrating, and in the end satis- his paper “Einstein’s Light-Quantum significant improvement, not least with fying. At this stage it is particularly im- Hypothesis, or Why didn’t Einstein regard to speed of access. portant to receive feedback from our Propose a Quantum Gas a Decade- users about any aspect of our Archon and-a-Half Earlier” in his Einstein from Also, we will continue to add collections website, archon.nbi.dk (which can also ‘B’ to ‘Z’ (Birkhäuser 2002), pp. 427–444. and make catalogues more detailed and be reached through our normal web ad- Dr. Neuenschwander and I thank Prof. precise. Most importantly, perhaps, the dress, nba.nbi.dk). Does Archon (which Stachel for this. ■ only archival documents available so far while we worked with it received the are the ones digitized as part of the pilot prestigious Mellon Award for Technol- project. We are currently scanning the ogy Collaboration in 2008) seem to be an Did you know? letters in the extensive (close to a thou- appropriate means to make our collec- The American Physical Society (APS) sand correspondents) Bohr Private Cor- tions available? Are the collections easy maintains a Physics Timeline at respondence, which documents Bohr’s enough to navigate? Which collections http://timeline.aps.org. large network outside physics, both in- need to be digitized next? Is the repro-

4 History Newsletter | Winter 2010–2011 www.aip.org/history News From the Center for History of Physics By Greg Good

The History Center is sponsoring an inter- the Center and NBL&A. This newsletter Will’s product. We greatly appreciate the national, intergenerational conference on includes an article on graduate study in energy and hard work all three of them “Continuity and Discontinuity in the Phys- history of science in Brazil by two Brazil- brought to us. Although Raina, Amy, and ical Sciences since the Enlightenment.” We ian colleagues. Will are now elsewhere, we will continue expect as many as 100 historians of science to collaborate closely with them. will attend, and we are aiming this mainly Hellos and Goodbyes: The Center has at graduate students and early-career pro- been lucky this year to have SPS sum- Will’s departure also means that the His- fessionals. This will last from July 28 to 31st, mer intern Raina Khatri (a double major tory Center will soon be looking for a 2011, and will be held here in the ACP. This in Physics and English at Hope College, new post-doc historian of science. The conference is in the hands of the next gen- Michigan) working with us on the new new post-doc will begin in 2011 and con- eration of historians of physics. The orga- web exhibit “Edge of Space.” Raina is now tinue for three years. nizing committee includes the half dozen back at school. We also have had Dr. Amy young scholars named in a separate article, Fisher working closely with us on the re- In the Hello category, we welcome chaired by our unpaid intern, Amy Fisher. design of the Center’s web presence and Richee-Lori Smith, AIP’s new Chief De- Amy recently successfully defended her on the 2011 “Continuity” conference. velopment Officer. Richee will be very PhD dissertation at the University of Lastly, for three years our post-doc Will important to the History Center and the Minnesota! Other members are located Thomas has called AIP home, but he has Niels Bohr Library & Archives, as well as in Berlin, Brazil, Beijing, France, and the moved on to Imperial College, London. to Education and other units in the Phys- US. There is also an advisory committee The new biographical resource “Array of ics Resource Center. We’re glad to have of senior scholars. Contemporary American Physicists” is you on board, Richee! ■

We are making headway on two addi- tions to our internet “Exhibit Hall”: “The Edge of Space” and “Rutherford’s Nuclear World.” We hope that these will be up and running before the Summer 2011 newsletter is received. We are completely revamping the History Center’s side of the website to serve three main constitu- encies: K-12 education, the “curious,” and professional scholars who work in history of physics and the allied sciences. We are adding some fun features for the first two groups and several useful tools for the “CHP-Scholars.” You may recall that the Niels Bohr Library & Archive completely redesigned its side of the website in 2009.

A unifying initiative of the Center is to reach out to historians of physical science everywhere and to strengthen the sense of community among them. To that end, I visited Brazil for two weeks in August and gave lectures to graduate programs in history of science at two universities. I spoke about some of my research in his- tory of geophysics and about the resourc- es available at the Niels Bohr Library & Archives. I recently heard that as many as 15 Brazilian graduate students will be pro- posing abstracts for the 2011 “Continuity” conference! This was a wonderful oppor- tunity to speak one-on-one with young William Fastie in 1964 at the Wallops Island launch facility putting finishing touches on the nose scholars and to pull them a little closer to cone containing one of his Ebert spectrometers. Credit: NASA, AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. www.aip.org/history Winter 2010–2011 | History Newsletter 5 History of Physics and History of Science in Brazilian Universities By Olival Freire and Silvia Figueirôa

In Brazil students may get a PhD involv- Casa de Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz – Rio de Universidade Federal Fluminense (Ni- ing history of science in at least seven Janeiro teroi, Rio de Janeiro), or History and different graduate studies programs. History of Science and Health (mainly Philosophy of Science at the State Uni- Those programs are scattered in dif- history of biomedical sciences) versity of Rio de Janeiro. ferent departments. Most important, in Brazil, graduate studies are regulated Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro At the undergraduate level the situa- by a federal agency, the CAPES, and History and Epistemology of Science tion is rather diverse, including history under the classification of that agency and Technology of science courses offered by history most of the programs conferring doc- departments and by science depart- toral degrees in history of science fall Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São ments (mainly physics and mathemat- in one of three fields: history; science Paulo ics). Universidade Estadual de Campi- education; or multidisciplinary. Below History of Science nas offers History of Natural Sciences. is a list of these programs. After the name of the university or institution are Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazilian historians of science founded the names of the programs, which in History the Sociedade Brasileira de História da general are the names of the doctoral Ciência (SBHC) in 1983. Every two years degrees. Universidade de São Paulo this society holds a national meeting History bringing together about 400 people. Universidade Federal da Bahia The number of scholars working on History, Philosophy, and Science In addition it is possible in a few cases history of science is not, however, that Teaching to get a PhD degree in programs which high, but is closer to sixty. Fifty-one Bra- do not have history of science as a for- zilians attended the international con- Universidade Estadual de Campinas mal field. This is the case, for instance, gress for history of science in Budapest Geoscience Education and History of with Physics at the Universidade Es- in 2009. Among those, around 30 may Geoscience tadual de Campinas, and History at the be considered senior researchers. A

From left: Jaime U. Fucugauchi (AGU International Secretary and AIP Governing Board member) and Indianara Silva and Jose Clemente (PhD candidates in history of physics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil). Credit: courtesy of Dr. Greg Good.

6 History Newsletter | Winter 2010–2011 www.aip.org/history periment and the approach to radiation in terms of Glauber’s coherent states.

José Clemente – history of the institu- tionalization of graduate studies in Bra- zil, in particular courses of geophysics and chemistry at the University of Ba- hia.

Climério Paulo Neto – history of the in- troduction of quantum optics in Brazil and analysis on the contributions of the Herch Moyses Nussenzveig to that field (a masters thesis).

Daniel Berg, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), at left, with Don Ritter (Republican, PA) Mayane Nóbrega – history of the contri- Congressman, at Physics Today Roundtable. September 30, 1987. Credit: photo by Douglas bution from physicists to the study of Goralski, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection. chaotic and complex systems, with par- smaller figure (20) of them are fellows Historians working with history of ticular attention to the development of of the Brazilian CNPq (Conselho Na- physics include 8 to 10 scholars, in ad- this field in Brazil. cional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico dition to doctoral students. Prof. Olival e Tecnológico, the National Council of Freire, and his two students Fabio Frei- Leyla Joaquim – study of how, in the Scientific and Technological Develop- tas and Indianara Silva have conducted last fifteen years, physicists have been ment). The fellowships are granted on research at AIP. Some of the graduate crossing boundaries to approach bio- a very competitive basis. students in history of physics are: logical phenomena.

The twelfth meeting of the SBHC was Fabio Freitas – history of quantum deco- Gustavo Rocha – analysis of how physi- in Salvador, Brazil in November 2010. herence, in particular concerning the cists themselves have contributed and Alexei Kojevnikov, a former post-doc role played by phyisicists A. Leggett, W. interacted with “quantum mysticism”. at AIP’s Center for History of Physics, Zurek and H-D Zeh. Analysis of the work of H. Stapp. was a keynote speaker. This meeting was held in conjunction with a Latin Indianara Silva – history of the vicissi- Wanderley Vitorino – history of the first American meeting in history of sci- tudes around the concept of photon, in work in solid state in Brazil, especially ence. The society publishes the journal particular about the debates stimulated the work of physicist Joaquim Costa Ri- Revista Brasileira de História da Ciência by the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss ex- beiro (a masters thesis). ■ (http://www.sbhc.org.br/revistas_an- teriores.php) twice a year. Other jour- nals published in Brazil dedicated to the history of science are Manguinhos (http://www.coc.fiocruz.br/hscience/) and the Revista Brasileira de História da Matemática (http://www.sbhmat.com. br/rbhm/).

Brazilian historians of science also at- tend and present papers at other meet- ings, such as the History meeting As- sociação Nacional de História (ANPUH) and some meetings of scientific societ- ies. All the same, journals like the Revis- ta Brasileira de Ensino de Física [physics teaching], Química Nova (chemistry) and Química na Escola [chemistry Baseball game at a the 1947 University of Illinois Physics Department picnic. ‘Sidney Dancoff is teaching] have sections dedicated to at bat, Sid Drell leaning (standing) on fence, Arnold Nordsieck on other side of fence. Credit: history of science papers. AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. www.aip.org/history Winter 2010–2011 | History Newsletter 7 Report on Internship at the Center for History of Physics By Amy Fisher

This year, I spent six months at the Cen- I spent the majority of my summer, how- over the world, offered to not only par- ter for History of Physics as an intern. It ever, working on two larger projects, ticipate in the conference, but also to was a valuable experience. In addition both of which are still ongoing. First, I help with the behind-the-scenes fund to learning more about Center activities assisted Greg Good, director of CHP, raising, advertising, and general plan- and the Niels Bohr Library and Archives, and Ada Uzoma, web specialist, in de- ning. I had the opportunity to work with many veloping an online community for stu- scholars in the history of the physical dents of all ages interested in the history Dr. Good has been a supportive ad- sciences and in physics. of the physical sciences. I developed a vocate for this conference from the database of scholars working in the field beginning. Although he has provided I participated in a variety of projects. I and helped to integrate new content guidance, he has also showed restraint, learned how to make computer anima- into the existing website. wanting it to be mainly organized by tions. I surveyed online resources in the and for junior scholars in the field. As history of physics. I had many interest- Second, I helped to organize an inter- a result, I have been involved in almost ing conversations with Raina Khatri, an national conference for early-career every stage of the planning process. I undergraduate summer intern, about scholars, to be held July 28–31, 2011 helped to put together the organizing history and historical methods. (She at the American Institute of Physics in committee, assisted in writing grant spent her summer designing a new web Maryland. In the spring, I sent out a applications and making local arrange- exhibit on the history and science of call-for-volunteers to a number of list- ments, and corresponded with a num- solar activity and storms.) I also learned servs and societies. The response was ber of junior scholars and established more about the history of amateur tremendously positive. Many graduate historians. It has been a rewarding ex- astronomy in the Capitol region. students, postdocs, and faculty, from all perience, and I appreciate the confi- dence Dr. Good has placed in the orga- nizing committee and me.

I’m particularly proud of our organizing committee, representing six different countries and four continents. Together, we discussed potential conference themes and devised an interesting and relevant set of topics. We deliberately chose a broad conference theme— Continuity and Discontinuity in the Physical Sciences Since the Enlighten- ment—to encourage dialogue across diverse fields of study.

Both of these projects reflect the CHP’s grass roots efforts to build a stronger community among historians of the physical sciences. Historians and scien- tists are often separated by geography and subject matter, but we share a num- ber of common interests. By promoting dialogue across disciplinary boundar- ies, I believe scholarship can be en- hanced. I hope the conference and website will encourage new collabora- tions and conversations.

If you would like to know more about the conference or are interested in par- Gordon Teal, who developed the first silicon transistor in April 1954 while at Texas Instruments. ticipating, please feel free to contact me Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection. at [email protected]. ■

8 History Newsletter | Winter 2010–2011 www.aip.org/history Recent Additions to the Niels Bohr Library & Archives

The Library & Archives rely heavily on Cees Dekker, Charles M. Lieber, Geof- Association of Physics Teachers’ (AAPT) donations. We work with other reposi- frey Marcy, , Sir John International Conference in 1991 in Fuji, tories to ensure that collections offered Pendry, and . Japan and Physics for phun video; Ameri- to us find the most suitable home, often can Vacuum Society’s (AVS) 55th Interna- not in our archives, but even so we still We thank these generous donors for tional Symposium from 2008 in Boston, acquire many historically valuable col- giving us their images as well: Richard MA and a talk from the 1999 AVS sympo- lections and materials. We collect often Epworth, Will Fastie, Ignacio Rodrigues- sium on the vacuum contributions to the difficult-to-find and unique items that Iturbe, Brian Kennett, Jean Knapp, R. industry. we are able to make readily available to Beverly Orndorff, Art Poskanzer, Eric researchers and scholars. Over the past R. Priest, Dileep V. Sathe, Elias Snitzer, Other additions included reminiscences year we have made great strides in filling Joseph Silk, Jozef Szudy, and David Wil- by A. B. Wood; Ed Gerjuoy’s recollec- out our collections from various Ameri- liams. Lastly, we thank the following AIP tions of J. Robert Oppenheimer and can Institute of Physics’ member societ- Member Society Presidents for sending ; lectures and collect- ies and other subject areas. us their photos for our Gallery of Mem- ed recordings of Emilio Segrè; the mo- ber Society Presidents: Curtis G. Callan, tion picture by Roald A. Schrack “The Audiovisual Collections Jr., David G. Castner, David M. Cook, Jr., Search”; a copy of a Japanese public Debra M. Elmegreen, Michael G. Her- broadcasting program from NHK En- The Emilio Segrè Visual Archives (ESVA) man, Judith Kelly, Michael J. McPhaden, tapuraizu detailing the development of now makes available over 20,000 images Faith Morrison, and James C. Wyant. in Japan; a session from online at http://photos.aip.org. a colloquium at the U. S. National Insti- Along with the ESVA, the Archives has tute of Standards and Technology titled The past year was a very good one collected conference proceeding and “New Insights into Old Problems”; a for photo donations to ESVA. Notable symposium videos from the American documentary from Sky Fabin from the are images given by Lucinda Douglas- Physical Society’s (APS) 2010 Annual 40th anniversary of Los Alamos Labora- Menzies, a working photographer in the meeting in Washington DC and 2008 An- tory; and a copy of Squaredog Radio in U.K., who gave us 37 photos used in her nual meeting in St. Louis, MO; American (Continued on next page) book and exhibition, Portraits of Astron- omers. Susan Kilbride donated four pho- tos of her great, great grandfather, Henry Anton Erikson. Richard Zallen, recently retired Professor of Physics at Virginia Tech, donated several images spanning his career. Paula Sanders gave us almost a dozen photos taken by her mother, Es- ther Mintz, at an American Physical So- ciety (APS) meeting held in Washington, D.C. in the late 1930s. Jerome S. Danburg sent us over 100 negatives taken Oct. 30 & 31, 1968 at UC Lawrence Berkeley Na- tional Laboratory during celebration of the 1968 to Luis W. Alvarez. Erasmo Recami donated several dozen additional photos of Ettore Majo- rana, his family and colleagues collected over Recami’s years of research into the life of Majorana.

The 2009 Nobel Laureates in Physics, Wil- lard S. Boyle, Charles Kao, and George Elwood Smith, donated photos at our request. We also solicited images this year of several contemporary, still-active scientists and among those who gener- Wang Kan-chang working in the office of The China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), August ously donated to us were: Ignacio Cirac, 1986, where he was Director. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. www.aip.org/history Winter 2010–2011 | History Newsletter 9 ics and Astronomy from 1933 to 1996 by Henry E. Bass; Henry Garon’s history of Loyola University’s physics depart- ment; and Jasper McKee’s history of the Canadian Association of Physicists. We also received many unpublished his- torical and biographical accounts to add to our manuscript biographies. These include Nan Dieter Conklin, Henry A. Erickson, Margaret Hartree Booth’s rec- ollection on Douglas R. Hartree; Albert Wallace Hull, a remembrance of John Pound, James M. Stewart; and a manu- script titled “Entropy in cosmology” by Charles W. Misner.

Other donations to our miscellaneous physics collection include scanned documents of the Jules Gueron papers Paolo Franzini and Juliet Lee-Franzini; photo likely taken at Columbia University, ca. 1960s. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection. from the United Kingdom’s National Archives; a web exhibit from the U. S. Britain’s radio broadcast “The Death-ray addition to the APS collection that will National Radio Astronomy Observatory in your Pocket — Fifty years of lasers” include records that begin where our Archives that showcases various course which includes excerpts of some of the collection now ends and bring it to the materials; bound lecture notes from a Niels Bohr Library & Archives Oral His- present. As well, we are working closely quantum mechanics class taught by Ju- tory interview collection. with the staff at AAPT to accession new lian Schwinger that were written by John materials that will expand our holdings. Markus Blatt; and a dissertation by Wil- Manuscript Collections Furthermore, we had another of our liam Carl Lineberger titled “Ionization yearly additions to the Gravity Research of Lithium Ions by Electron Impact” that The Niels Bohr Library & Archive is the Foundation’s essay contest collection. was signed at his 70th birthday celebra- official repository for the American In- tion by former colleagues, including a stitute of Physics (AIP) and most of the In addition to our archival manuscript few Nobel laureates and some of the AIP member societies. Each year we re- collections, we collect single or few graduate students that he taught. ■ ceive valuable material from them as item collections of “miscella- well as from physicists, historians, and neous physics,” manuscript biog- other important individuals. This year is raphies and institutional histo- no exception with new collections from ries. These collections often have the American Astronomical Society’s large amounts of information for records of the obituary committee; the researchers to supplement their American Physical Society’s (APS) cen- research with. And as these items tennial meeting records and records are often too interesting to throw from its Southeastern section; the his- away, they have become some of tory of geophysics committee records our largest collections over the from the American Geophysical Union; years and continue to grow. an addition of records and oral history interviews from the American Vacuum Donations to these collections Society; editor reports and John Lay- this year include institutional his- man’s records from the American Asso- tories from Lillian C. McDermott ciation of Physics Teachers’ (AAPT) Of- on the University of Washing- fice of the President; and from the Board ton’s physics department; Tulane of Directors of the American Center for University’s Department of Phys- Physics records from Bernie Khoury. ics and Engineering; an update to the American Association of Along with all of these collections that Physics Teachers’ Appalachian have been accessioned into the hold- section; also the new version of Melba Phillips at the 1939 American Physical Society (APS) Meeting, the National Bureau of Standards, in ings of the Niels Bohr Library & Archive, the history of the University of Washington, DC. Credit: Esther Mintz, courtesy AIP we are in the process of acquiring a large Mississippi’s Department of Phys- Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Esther Mintz Collection.

10 History Newsletter | Winter 2010–2011 www.aip.org/history Center for History of Physics Grant-in-Aid Program Special Description for 2011 Awards

For research in the history of modern physics and allied physical sciences (such as astronomy, geophysics, biophysics, industrial physics, and optics) and their social interactions.

Grants in 2011 will support graduate students and early-career scholars attending the conference “Continuity and Discontinuity in the Physical Sciences Since the Enlightenment,” to be held at the Center for History of Physics, July 28 to 31, 2011. Applicants must be presenting at the conference and must also plan to conduct research in the Niels Bohr Library & Archives either before or after the conference. The conference web site is http://www.aip.org/history/events/conference2011

The Grants-in-Aid can be used only to reimburse direct expenses connected with the conference and research. Grant amounts will not exceed actual costs, and may be limited to help more scholars attend the conference.

Applicants may consult our online catalog at www.aip.org/history/icos, and should feel free to inquire about the Library’s holdings.

Applying No applications should be made until after acceptance of abstract. Application deadline is April 15, 2011. Applicants should either be working toward a graduate degree in the history of science (please include a letter of reference from the thesis adviser), or be in an early career stage. To apply, send by mail or email a vitae, a letter of no more than two pages describing your research project, and a brief budget showing the expenses for which support is requested to:

Dr. Greg Good Center for History of Physics American Institute of Physics One Physics Ellipse College Park, MD 20740 Phone: 301-209-3174, Fax: 301-209-0882, E-mail: [email protected]

Deadline for receipt of applications: April 15

Grants-in-Aid Awarded in Spring 2010

Philip Kao, Ph.D. Candidate, Social An- Doll is the last living physicist who com- renegotiated in the fifteen years fol- thropology, University of St. Andrews, pleted a doctoral dissertation under lowing the atomic explosions at Hiro- Scotland. To conduct a series of oral Walther Meissner. Doll’s greatest suc- shima and Nagasaki. In the shadow of history interviews with physicists who cess was the proof of flux quantization. the atomic bomb, a burgeoning nucle- developed the National Superconduct- Ms. Lindner’s dissertation is supervised ar arms race and fierce domestic anti- ing Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan by Dieter Hoffmann. communism, scientists struggled to State University in East Lansing, Michi- negotiate the boundaries and mean- gan in the 1980s. This grant-in-aid also Glenn Sandiford, Ph.D. Post-doctoral ing of the scientific community.” For supports Mr. Kao’s work in the NSCL researcher, University of Illinois. Dr. research conducted at the Niels Bohr archives. Sandiford is participating in a team Library & Archives. (including Michael Riordan and Lillian Clarissa Ai Ling Lee, Ph.D. Candidate in Hoddeson) writing the history of the Aaron Sidney Wright, Ph.D. Candidate, Literature, Duke University, Durham, Superconducting Super Collider. This Institute for History and Philosophy of North Carolina. Ms. Lee conducted pre- grant-in-aid supported an oral history Science and Technology, University of liminary research at the Niels Bohr Li- interview with Daniel S. Greenberg. Dr. Toronto, Canada. Mr. Wright investi- brary & Archives on the history of high Sandiford also researched in the Niels gated the development by theoretical energy physics. Bohr Library & Archives. physicists of “paper tools” for research- ing “theoretical objects that are unob- Sigrid Lindner, Ph.D. Candidate, Hum- Patrick Slaney, Ph.D. Candidate, Uni- servable in principle: black holes.” In boldt-University Berlin, . Oral versity of British Columbia, Vancou- particular, he drew on material in the history interview with Robert Doll, who ver, Canada. Mr. Slaney’s dissertation archives of Physical Review and Physi- was at the Low-Temperature-Laboratory concerns “how the relationships be- cal Review Letters, and the papers of of the Bavarian Academy of Science. Dr. tween science and government were Samuel Goudsmit. ■ www.aip.org/history Winter 2010–2011 | History Newsletter 11 Oral History Interview Update

2011 Physicists at Work & Play Calendar The History Center has acquired over 50 From the Emilio Segrè Visual Archives interviews that are in the process of being transcribed and edited for the Niels Bohr Library & Archives’ Oral History collection. The Emilio Segrè Visual Archives (ESVA) Some of the highlights that will join the has produced a beautiful set of 2011 International Catalog of Sources (ICOS) calendars featuring some of the most reference site are: interesting photos from our collection— right on schedule for the holidays! Keynyn Brysse’s interview with Michael Prather and Donald J. Wuebbles as part The calendar shows physicists as of the Ozone Depletion series. William you’ve never seen them before and Thomas’s interview with Ralph E. Gor- makes for a unique holiday gift for mory and D. R. MacAyeal for his Life the physicist in your life. All proceeds History series. Catherine Westfall’s in- benefit the Emilio Segrè Visual terview with Jack Carpenter. Victor W. Archives. Conveniently available Sparrow of ASA’s interview with Sabih I. in two sizes: standard (11 x 17) and Hayek and George O. Zimmerman’s in- premium (13.5 x 19) format. terviews of Lawrence G. Rubin, John G. King and Michael Tinkham. Order the calendar by going to: http://photos.aip.org/calendar.jsp Joe Anderson and Orville Butler of the History Center are also conducting many interviews as part of the History of Physicist Entrepreneurs (HoPE) project. ■

Please help us contact...

...the individuals listed below or their heirs so we can put their oral history interview transcripts online. The ! Library’s project to mount the transcripts of our most valuable oral histories on the web has come to a success- ful conclusion, with hopefully a new stage of the project beginning soon.

Currently, one can read interviews with over 500 physicists and astronomers, including figures like Bohr, Bethe, Chandrasekhar, Gell-Mann, and Rabi, and listen to voice clips of Heisenberg, Gamow, and others, by clicking on the list of names at http:// www.aip.org/history/nbl/oralhistory.html. For a full description of the project, which was funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, see our Fall 2008 newsletter (http://www.aip.org/history/newsletter/fall2008/oral-history.html).

Contacting interviewees and heirs for permissions is one of the most important and most time consuming parts of the project, and you and other newsletter readers have been of enormous help in the past. We are counting on you now to help us include these important individuals in our new online archive. If you have contact or other information, please get in touch with Amanda Nelson at [email protected] or 301-209-3172.

Akhiezer, Aleksandr I. Hartwig, Georg Ochsenfeld, Robert Ambartsumian, Victor A. Herneck, Friedrich Pick, Heinz Bell, Leon Hirsh, Ira J. Riehl, Nikolaus Buck, Paul Hohenemser, Kurt H. Rytov, S. M. Chaffee, Emory Leon Kaganov, Moisel Isaakovich Tolok, Vladimir T. Cockcroft, John Levi, Hilda Ueberreiter, Kurt Dillon, John Henry McCutcheon, Robert Unsold, Albrecht Evans, Robley Dunglison Migulin, Vladimir V. Usikov, Alexandr L. Hanle, Wilhelm Neel, Louis Welker, Heinrich Johan

12 History Newsletter | Winter 2010–2011 www.aip.org/history Documentation Preserved Victor F. Weisskopf papers. Collection Compiled by Melanie Brown Dates: 1958–1984. Size: 2 linear meters.

Our report of new collections or new finding aids is based on our regular survey of archives and other repositories. Many of the collections are new accessions, which Chemical Heritage Foundation. may not be processed, and we also include previously reported collections that now have an online finding aid available. The Beckman Center for History of Chemistry. 315 Chestnut Street, To learn more about any of the collections listed below, use the International Catalog Philadelphia, PA 19106-2702, USA of Sources for History of Physics and Allied Sciences at www.aip.org/history/icos. You can search in a variety of ways including by author or by repository. Oral history interview with Paul K. Hansma. Collection Dates: 2006 May Please contact the repository mentioned for information on restrictions and access 2 and August 7. Size: 73 pages. Restric- to the collections. tions: Users may view, quote from, cite, or reproduce the oral history with the permission of the Chemical Heritage NEW COLLECTIONS Access restrictions are included in the Foundation. finding aid (available online). University of Sheffield. Main Library. Oral history interview with Alan J. Special Collections and Archives. Herwig F. Schopper papers. Collection Heeger. Collection Dates: 2006 March Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN Dates: circa 1975–1989. Size: 31 linear 13 and 16. Size: 75 pages. meters. Restrictions: Access restrictions Sir Gareth Roberts papers. Collection are included in the finding aid (available Oral history interview with Masao Dates: 1960–2007. Size: 225 linear feet. online). Horiba. Collection Dates: 2004 Novem- ber 19 and 20. Size: 148 pages. Restric- John B. Adams papers. Collection Dates: tions: Users may view, quote from, cite, CERN (European Organization for 1965–1983. Size: 38 linear meters. or reproduce the oral history with the Nuclear Research) Scientific Infor- permission of CHF. mation Service. CH-1211 Geneva, Leon Van Hove papers. Collection Switzerland Dates: 1954–1982. Size: 16 linear meters (146 boxes). Restrictions: Access restric- Harvard College Observatory. 60 CERN Directors of Research records. tions are included in the finding aid Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, Collection Dates: 1967–2003. Size: 6 lin- (available online). USA ear meters. Restrictions: Access restric- tions are described in the finding aid (available online).

Giorgio Brianti papers. Collection Dates: 1972–1995. Size: 4 linear meters. Restric- tions: Access restrictions are described in the finding aid (available online).

Nuclear Physics Division records. Col- lection Dates: 1956–1975. Size: 10 linear meters. Restrictions: Access restrictions are described in the finding aid (avail- able online).

Nuclear Physics Research Committee records. Collection Dates: 1972–1995. Size: 2 linear meters. Restrictions: Ac- cess restrictions are described in the finding aid (available online).

Christopher Hubert Llewellyn Smith pa- L–R: Samuel Devons, Lillian Hartman Hoddeson at Barnard College, 1970. At the time, Devons was the Director and Hoddeson the Assistant Director of “a somewhat unorthodox vehicle for pers. Collection Dates: 1987–1998. Size: teaching physics, a combination laboratory and library designated a History of Physics laboratory.” 31 linear meters (276 boxes). Restrictions: Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection. www.aip.org/history Winter 2010–2011 | History Newsletter 13 (New Collections, cont’d from previous page) Charlotte Moore Sitterly papers. Collec- Oregon State University Libraries. tion Dates: 1948–1985. Size: circa 30 linear Special Collections. Corvallis, OR Harvard College Observatory plate col- feet. Restrictions: Access to the National 97331, USA lection. Collection Dates: 1885–1989. Institute of Standards and Technology Size: 525,000 glass plate negatives. Re- (NIST) Archives requires prior appoint- Hanford Site forty-year environmental strictions: Open for research. ment. Researchers must complete a reg- data collection. Collection Dates: 1943– istration form and receive permission to 1986. Size: 7 linear feet (18 boxes). access the collection. Henry E. Huntington Library. 1151 Nuclear science technical reports col- Oxford Road, San Marino, CA 91108, USA lection. Collection Dates: 1946–1979. North Carolina State University. Size: 50 linear feet (105 boxes). Re- Special Collections Research Cen- strictions: Permission to examine the Mount Wilson Observatory records of ter. NCSU Libraries. Box 7111, Ra- collection will be granted to qualified George Ellery Hale. Collection Dates: leigh, NC 27695-7111, USA researchers upon completion of an 1901–1925. Size: 25 boxes. “Application for Use” form, and contin- Jerome Kohl papers. Collection Dates: gent upon the researcher’s agreement John Tyndall notebook. Collection 1942–1995. Size: 22 linear feet (47 archival Dates: circa 1860. Size: 1 volume. to abide by the rules and policies gov- boxes, 5 slide boxes). Restrictions: Col- erning the use of manuscripts. lection is open for research; access re- IEEE History Center. Rutgers Univer- quires at least 24 hours advance notice. Barton C. and Sally L. Hacker nuclear sity. 39 Union Street, New Bruns- affairs collection. Collection Dates: wick, NJ 08901, USA North Carolina State University, College 1938–2002. Size: 51 linear feet (653 of Physical and Mathematical Sciences items). Restrictions: Permission to ex- Oral history interview with Joseph collections. Collection Dates: 1916–2010 amine the Hacker collection will be Giordmaine. Collection Dates: 1995 (bulk). granted to qualified researchers upon April 18. completion of an “Application for Use” North Carolina State University, grad- form, and contingent upon the re- Arthur Edwin Kennelly papers. Collec- uate physics student association re- searcher’s agreement to abide by the tion Dates: 1902–1940. Size: 18 items. cords. Collection Dates: 1969–1978. rules and policies governing the use of Size: 0.5 linear feet (1 archival box). manuscripts. Restrictions: Collection is open for Louisiana State University. Hill Me- research; access requires at least 24 Roger Hayward papers. Collection morial Library. Special Collections. hours advance notice. Dates: 1899–2007. Size: 15 linear feet (33 Lousiana and Lower Mississippi Val- boxes). ley Collections. Baton Rouge, LA, USA Ohio State University. University Leonard M. Maki nuclear power col- Archives. 2700 Kenny Road, Colum- lection. Collection Dates: 1935–1975. Louisiana State University Department bus, OH 43210, USA Size: 5 linear feet (4 boxes, 24 books). of Physics and Astronomy records. Col- Restrictions: Permission to examine the lection Dates: 1975–1993. Size: 1 report John E. Pfeiffer correspondence. Col- Maki collection will be granted to qual- and 10 posters. Restrictions: No restric- lection Dates: 1954–1958. Size: 20 items. ified researchers upon completion of tions on access. an “Application for Use” form, and con- tingent upon the researcher’s agree- Louisiana State University College of Ohio University. Vernon R. Alden ment to abide by the rules and policies Basic Sciences records. Collection Library. Robert E. and Jean R. Mahn governing the use of manuscripts. Dates: 1973–1997. Size: 7 linear feet. Center for Archives and Special Col- Restrictions: No restrictions on access. lections. Park Place, Athens, OH 45701-2978, USA Oregon State University Libraries. University Archives. Corvallis, OR National Institute of Standards and H. Richard Blackwell and Olive M. 97331, USA Technology. NIST Research Library Blackwell collection. Collection Dates: and NIST Archives. Information Ser- 1943–1992. Size: 4.5 cubic feet (5 boxes). Melvin Cutler papers. Collection Dates: vices Division. 100 Bureau Drive, Restrictions: This collection is open 1951–1958. Size: 0.05 cubic feet (1 box). MS 2500, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, under the rules and regulations of the Restrictions: Collection is open for re- USA Ohio University Library. search.

14 History Newsletter | Winter 2010–2011 www.aip.org/history Rubin H. Landau papers. Collection Smithsonian Institution. Center Lewis M. Rutherfurd collection. Col- Dates: 1966–2008, (bulk 1975–2005). Size: for Folklife and Cultural Heritage. lection Dates: 1846–1884. Size: 0.3 cubic 19 cubic feet (20 boxes). Restrictions: Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and feet (1 box, 1 oversize folder). Collection is open for research. Collections. 600 Maryland Ave., S.W., Suite 2001, Washington, D. C. Victor A. Madsen papers. Collection 20560 USA Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Dates: 1964–1998. Size: 1.8 cubic feet (2 (SLAC). National Accelerator Labo- boxes). Restrictions: Collection is open The science of sound [sound recording], ratory. Archives and History Office. 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 88, Menlo for research. produced by the Bell Telephone Labora- tories, Inc. Size: 2 phonograph records Park, CA 94025, USA Restrictions: Restrictions on access. Gerry Fischer papers. Collection Princeton University. Department Dates: 1945–1993. Size: 57 cubic feet. of Rare Books and Special Collec- Smithsonian Institution. National Restrictions: Please contact the SLAC tions. 1 Washington Road, Princ- Air and Space Museum. Archives Archivist for more information regard- eton, NJ 08544 USA. Division. MRC 322, Washington, ing access. D.C., 20560, USA Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Edward L. Garwin papers. Collection records. Collection Dates: 1958–2007. Leo Goldberg diary. Collection Dates: Dates: 1950–2003 Size: 36 cubic feet. Size: 1.71 linear feet (5 volumes, 1 box). 1960, 1979. Size: 0.05 cubic feet (1 folder). Restrictions: Please contact the SLAC Restrictions: The collection is open for Restrictions: No restrictions on access. Archivist for more information regard- research use. ing access. Theodore von Karman collection [mi- Charles Greene Rockwood collec- crofiche]. Collection Dates: 1881–1963. Robert H. Siemann papers. Collection tion on earthquakes. Collection Dates: Size: 2 cubic feet (10 shoeboxes). Dates: 1991–2005. Size: 15 cubic feet. 1872–1907. Size: 3.25 linear feet (5 Restrictions: No restrictions on access, Restrictions: Please contact the SLAC archival boxes, 1 oversize print box). restrictions on permission to publish. Archivist for more information regard- Restrictions: Collection is open for ing access. research use. Smithsonian Institution. National Herbert C. deStaebler papers. Collec- Henry De Wolf Smyth papers. Collection Museum of American History. Ar- tion Dates: 1953–2007. Size: 4 cubic feet. Dates: 1898–1988. Size: 0.20 linear feet (1 chives Center. MRC 601, 12th Street Restrictions: Please contact the SLAC Archivist for more information regard- half-size archival box). Restrictions: The and Constitution Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20560, USA ing access. collection is open for research.

Smithsonian Institution Archives. Capital Gallery. Suite 3000, MRC 507, 600 Maryland Avenue, SW; Washington, DC 20024-2520, USA

Farouk El-Baz papers. Collection Dates: (bulk 1965–1983). Size: 32.8 linear me- ters. Restrictions: Restricted; use of this record unit requires prior arrangement with the Archives staff.

Arthur Edward Lilley papers. Collection Dates: circa 1972. Size: 0.25 cubic feet (1 half document box).

William H. Pickering papers. Collection L–R: The Menard Group, in costumes, on the Capricorn Expedition. Henry Menard, bottom row, Dates: 1892–1893. Size: 0.15 cubic feet (1 second from left with hat; Harald Sverdrup, bottom row, far right. 1952. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè 3x5 box). Visual Archives, courtesy American Geological Union (AGU). www.aip.org/history Winter 2010–2011 | History Newsletter 15 University of Wyoming. American Heritage Center. Dept. 3924, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA

John C. Bellamy papers. Collection Dates: 1944–1981. Size: 13 cubic feet (13 boxes).

George Paulikas papers. Collection Dates: 1960–1985. Size: 7 cubic feet (16 boxes). Restrictions: There are no ac- cess restrictions on the materials for research purposes, and the collection is open to the public.

Emerson M. Pugh papers. Collection Dates: 1906–1975. Size: 1.25 cubic feet (2 boxes). William Fowler in 1983, the year he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection. Robert Anthony Rivera papers. Collec- (New Collections, cont’d from previous page) James P. Wells papers. Collection Dates: tion Dates: 1912–1991. Size: 113 cubic feet (127 boxes). Stanford University. Music Library 1949–1963. Size: 0.25 linear feet. Restric- and Archive of Recorded Sound. tions: This collection is open for re- Ronald C. Surdam papers. Collection Stanford, CA 94305, USA search. Dates: 1965–1986. Size: 2.05 cubic feet (5 boxes, 1 oversize folder). Arthur H. Benade papers. Collection University of Minnesota Libraries. Dates: 1961–1987. University Archives. Andersen Li- brary, Minneapolis, MN, USA W.E.B. Du Bois Library. Special Col- Catgut Acoustical Society records. lections and Archives. University Collection Dates: 1963–1994. Size: 54 John Overend papers. Collection Dates: of Massachusetts at Amherst, Am- linear feet. circa 1949–1982. Size: 2.6 linear feet. Re- herst, MA 01003, USA strictions: In-house use only. Lazar Mayants papers. Collection Dates: University of Iowa Libraries. Main 1941–2003. Size: 3 linear feet (2 boxes) Library. Archives. Iowa City, IA University of Notre Dame Archives. 52242-1420, USA 607 Hesburgh Library, Notre Dame, Clause M. Penchina papers. Collection IN 46556, USA Dates: 1963–2008 Size: 18 linear feet (12 Kenneth J. Hartmann papers. Collec- boxes). tion Dates: 1945–2000. Size: 6 boxes. Bernard D. Cullity papers. Collection Restrictions: This collection is open for Dates: 1945–1978. Size: 33 linear feet. research. Yale University Library. Manuscripts and Archives. Box 208240, New Ha- Gustavus Hinrichs papers. Collection University of Wisconsin-Madison. ven, CT 06520, USA Dates: 1864–1890. Size: 1 linear foot (2 University Archives. Steenbock Li- boxes). Restrictions: This collection is brary, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Dorrit Hoffleit papers. Collection Dates: open for research. 1847–2006 (bulk 1945–2000). Size: 8.5 lin- Joseph P. Cassinelli papers. Collection ear feet; 9 boxes. Restrictions: The col- George H. Ludwig papers. Collection Dates: 1985–2001. Size: 7 folders. lection is open for research. Dates: 1957–2009. Size: 7.5 linear feet. Restrictions: This collection is open for University of Wisconsin-Madison De- Yale University Department of Astron- research. partment of Astronomy Aerobee rocket omy records of the Astronomical Ob- records. Collection Dates: 1962–1982. servatory. Collection Dates: 1874–1890. Size: 1 cubic foot. Size: 1.25 linear feet.

16 History Newsletter | Winter 2010–2011 www.aip.org/history Solon Irving Bailey papers. Collection Yale University Library. Manuscripts NEW FINDING AIDS Dates: 1889–1931. Size: 7 cubic feet. Restric- and Archives. Box 208240, New Ha- Columbia University. Rare Book and tions: The collection is open for research. ven, CT 06520, USA Manuscript Library. Butler Library, 6th Floor East, New York, NY 10027, Papers of Cecilia Helena Payne- Charles Sheldon Hastings papers. Collec- USA Gaposchkin. Collection Dates: 1959. tion Dates: 1869–1930. Size: 1 linear foot. Size: 3 folders. Restrictions: Permission Bergen Davis papers. Collection Dates: of the Archives is re- Alois Francis Kovarik papers. Collection 1898–1960. Size: 1 linear foot (2 boxes). quired for access to the Papers of Cecilia Dates: 1902–1951. Size: 7 linear feet (15 Helena Payne-Gaposchkin. Digital im- boxes). Henry M. Foley papers. Collection Dates: ages and autobiography are accessible 1913–1982. Size: 10 linear feet (22 boxes). without special permission. Please see David Peck Todd papers. Collection the reference staff for details. Dates: 1862–1939. Size: 46 linear feet (124 Dana Paul Mitchell papers. Collection boxes, 1 folio). Dates: circa 1925–1960. Size: 4 boxes. Restrictions: This collection is located University of Iowa Libraries. Main Li- Yale University Department of Astrono- off-site. You will need to request this brary. Archives. Iowa City, IA 52242- my records. Collection Dates: 1848–1993. material at least twenty-four (24) hours 1420, USA Size: 66.5 linear feet. Restrictions: Access in advance to use the collection in is partially restricted. Details available at the Rare Book and Manuscript Library George Walter Stewart papers. Collec- repository. reading room. This collection has no tion Dates: 1899–1955. Size: 0.75 linear restrictions. foot. Restrictions: This collection is open Yale University Department of Geol- for research. ogy and Geophysics records. Collection Taras K. Novak papers. Collection Dates: Dates: 1789–1957. Size: 3.5 linear feet. Re- circa 1950–1968. Size: 6 boxes. strictions: Access to the records is partial- University of Michigan. Bentley His- ly restricted. See inventory for details. ■ George Braxton Pegram papers. Collec- torical Library. Ann Arbor, Michigan tion Dates: 1903–1958. Size: 95 records 48109-2113, USA boxes, 2 flat oversize volumes. Restric- Visit our online catalogs at tions: This collection is located off-site. Heber Doust Curtis papers. Collection www.aip.org/history/icos You will need to request this material at Dates: 1889–1890, 1900–1908, and 1921– least twenty-four (24) hours in advance 1942. Size: 1.3 linear feet. to use the collection in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library reading room. This collection has no restrictions.

Shirley L. Quimby papers. Collection Dates: 1918–1974. Size: 21 boxes. Restric- tions: This collection is located off-site. You will need to request this material at least twenty-four (24) hours in advance to use the collection in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library reading room. This collection has no restrictions.

Willard L. Severinghaus papers. Collec- tion Dates: 1895–1947. Size: 2.5 linear feet (5 manuscript boxes). Restrictions: 8 boxes of arranged material are shelved off-site and require advance notice of intent to use. This collection has no restrictions.

Harvard University Archives. Pusey Donald Menzel and Gerard Kuiper outdoors at International Astronomical Union, Prague, 1987. Library. Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Credit: photo by Leo Goldberg, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. www.aip.org/history Winter 2010–2011 | History Newsletter 17

Recent Publications of Interest Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences Compiled by Will Thomas Vol. 40, No. 3: Nicolas Nierenberg, Walter R. Tschinkel, and Victoria J. This is our usual compilation of some (by no means all) recently published articles Tschinkel, “Early Climate Change on the history of modern physics, astronomy, geophysics, and allied fields. Note Consensus at the National Academy: that these bibliographies have been posted on our website since 1994, and you can The Origins and Making of Changing search the full text of all of them (along with our annual book bibliography, recent Climate”; Catherine Westfall, “Surviving Catalog of Sources entries, exhibit materials, etc.) by using the “Search” icon on our to Tell the Tale: Argonne’s Intense Pulsed site index: www.aip.org/history/s-index.htm. Neutron Source from an Ecosystem Perspective”. To restrict your search to the bibliographies, enter in the box: [your search term(s)] and “recent publications” British Journal for the History of Science Vol. 43, No. 2: Jaume Navarro, “Electron Physics in Perspective which includes: Vladimir Jankovic, Diffraction chez Thomson: Early Vol. 12, No. 2: Michael S. Reidy, “John “Climates as Commodities: Jean Pierre Responses to Quantum Physics in Tyndall’s Vertical Physics: From Rock Purry and the Modelling of the Best Britain”. Quarries to Ice Peaks”; Trevor C. Weekes, Climate on Earth”; Spencer Weart, “The “The Nineteenth-Century Spiral Nebula Development of General Circulation Vol. 43, No. 3: Thomas F. Mayer, “The Whodunit”; Milena Wazeck, “The 1922 Models of Climate”. Roman Inquisition’s Precept to Galileo Einstein Film: Cinematic Innovation and (1616)”; Omar W. Nasim, “Observation, Public Controversy”; Ursula Pavlish, Studies in History and Philosophy of Working Images, and Procedure: The “Robert Vivian Pound and the Discovery Science, Part A ‘Great Spiral’ in Lord Rosse’s Astronomical of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Vol. 41, No. 2: Robert Callegård, Record Books and Beyond”. Condensed Matter”; Ruth Lewin Sime, “Thomas Reid’s Newtonian Theism: His “An Inconvenient History: The Nuclear- Differences with the Classical Arguments History of Science Fission Display in the Deutsches of Richard Bentley and William Whiston”; Vol. 38, No. 2: Raquel Delgado Moreira, Museum”; Claus Habfast, “The DESY Brian Hepburn, “Euler, Vis Viva, and “‘What Ezekiel Says’: Newton as a Temple Golden Jubilee in Hamburg: Lessons Equilibrium”. Scholar”. from the Past”.

Vol. 12, No. 3: Yves Gingras, “The Transformation of Physics from 1900 to 1945”; Thomas O’Connor, “The Scientific Work of John A. McClelland: A Recently Discovered Manuscript”; Martin J. Klein, “Paul Ehrenfest, Niels Bohr, and : Colleagues and Friends”; Katherine R. Sopka and Elisabeth M. Sopka, “The Bonebreak Theological Seminary: Top-Secret Manhattan Project Site”.

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Vol. 41, No. 2: Ivahn Smadja, “Tuning Up Mind’s Pattern to Nature’s Own Idea: Eddington’s Early Twenties Case for Variational Derivatives”; Daan Wegener, “De-Anthropomorphizing Energy and Energy Conservation: The Case of and Ernest Mach”.

Vol. 41, No. 3 is a special issue on L–R: Edward Knapp and Dr. Morton Kligerman (head of University of New Mexico Cancer Cen- ter), celebrating the first Pi-Meson (pion) therapy for cancer patients at Los Alamos National “Modelling and Simulation in the Laboratory. Knapp was subsequently the seventh director of the National Science Foundation Atmospheric and Climate Sciences”, (NSF) from 1982 to 1984. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Jean Knapp Collection. www.aip.org/history Winter 2010–2011 | History Newsletter 19 Waves and Neutrinos: The Later Work of Joseph Weber”; Michela Massimi, “Galileo’s Mathematization of Nature at the Crossroad between the Empiricist and Kantian Tradition”.

Vol. 18, No. 4: Jeffrey K. McDonough, “Leibniz’s Optics and Contingency in Nature”.

Annals of Science Vol. 67, No. 2: Duane J. Jaecks, “An Investigation of the Eighteenth-Century Achromatic Telescope”; François Wesemael, “‘Unaffected by Fortune, Good or Bad’: Context and Reception of Chandrasekhar’s Mass-Radius Relation- ship for White Dwarfs, 1935–1965”. L–R: Yuvak Ne’eman and Leon Lederman at a blackboard. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection. Vol. 67, No. 4: Gérald Péoux, (Publications, continued from previous page) Kramers Equation”; Jean Mawhin and “Atmospheric Refraction and the Ramus Vol. 38, No. 3–4 is a special issue on André Ronveaux, “Schrödinger and Circle: Aspects of a Late Sixteenth- “Seriality and Scientific Objects in the Dirac Equations for the Hydrogen Atom, Century Dispute”. Nineteenth Century”, which includes: and Laguerre Polynomials”. Chitra Ramalingam, “Natural History Notes and Records of the Royal Society in the Dark: Seriality and the Electric Vol. 64, No. 5: Danilo Capecchi, Giuseppe Vol. 64, No. 2: Anna Marie Roos, “A Discharge in Victorian Physics”. Ruta, and Patrizia Trovalusci, “From Speculum of Chemical Practice: Isaac Classical to Voigt’s Molecular Models Newton, Martin Lister (1639–1712), and Centaurus in Elasticity”; Enric Pérez and Tilman the Making of Telescopic Mirrors”; Olival Vol. 52, No. 2: Olivier Darrigol, “The Sauer, “Einstein’s Quantum Theory of Freire and Christoph Lehner, “‘Dialectical Analogy between Light and Sound in the Monatomic Ideal Gas: Non-Statistical Materialism and Modern Physics’, an the History of Optics from the Ancient Arguments for a New Statistics”. Unpublished Text by ”. Greeks to Isaac Newton, Part 1”. Perspectives on Science Historia Scientiarum Vol. 52, No. 3: Olivier Darrigol, “The Vol. 18, No. 2: Allan Franklin, “Gravity Vol. 19, No. 2 is a special issue entitled, Analogy between Light and Sound in the History of Optics from the Ancient Greeks to Isaac Newton, Part 2”.

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Vol. 64, No. 2: Clayton A. Gearhart, “‘Astonishing Successes’ and ‘Bitter Disappointments’: The Specific Heat of Hydrogen in Quantum Theory”; Davide Cenadelli, “Solving the Giant Stars Problem: Theories of Stellar Evolution from the 1930s to the 1950s”.

Vol. 64, No. 3: M. Nauenberg, “The Early Application of the Calculus to the Inverse Square Force Problem”.

Vol. 64, No. 4: Stefano Zambelli,

“Chemical Kinetics and Diffusion Gerald Brown fishing in the St. Croix river. September, 1963. Credit: photo by Norton Hintz, Approach: The History of the Klein- courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Hintz Collection.

20 History Newsletter | Winter 2010–2011 www.aip.org/history “Beyond Differences: International “A ‘Practique Discipline’? Mathematical Vol. 63, No. 9: Dirk van Delft and Peter Kes, Comparison on Nuclear Histories in Arts in John Blagrave’s The Mathematical “The Discovery of Superconductivity”. Japan, Korea, and the United States”, Jewel (1585)”; Stephen Johnston, “Wren, which includes: Sean L. Malloy, Hooke, and Graphical Practice”; Boris Foundations of Physics “Contemporary Scholarship and New Jardine and Nicholas Jardine, “Critical Vol. 40, Nos. 9–10 is a Festschrift for Light on the A-bomb Decision”; Dong- Editing of Early-Modern Astronomical Peter Mittelstaedt, which includes: Won Kim, “Imaginary Savior: The Diagrams”. Paul Busch, Joachim Pfarr, Manfred Image of the Nuclear Bomb in Korea, L. Ristig, and Ernst-Walther Stachow, 1945–1960”; Maika Nakao, “Images Vol. 41, No. 4: J. A. Ruffner, “Isaac “Quantum-Matter-Spacetime: Peter of the Atomic Bomb in Japan before Newton’s Historia Cometarum and the Mittelstaedt’s Contributions to Hiroshima”; Masakatsu Yamazaki, Quest for Elliptical Orbits”; Christopher Physics and Its Foundations”; Brigitte “Nuclear Energy in Postwar Japan and M. Graney, “The Telescope against Falkenburg, “Language and Reality: Anti-Nuclear Movements in the 1950s”; Copernicus: Star Observations by Riccioli Peter Mittelstaedt’s Contributions to the Hiroko Takahashi, “One Minute after Supporting a Geocentric ”; Philosophy of Physics”. the Detonation of the Atomic Bomb: Richard L. Kremer, “Calculating with The Erased Effect of Residual Radiation”; Andreas Aurifaber: A New Source for CERN Courier Ikuo Sasamoto, “Korean Victims of the Copernican Astronomy in 1540”. Vol. 50, No. 3: André Martin, “Murray Atomic Bomb”; John DiMoia: “Atoms Gell-Mann: My Contemporary and for Power?: The Atomic Energy Research Physics Today Friend”. Institute (AERI) and South Korean Vol. 63, No. 4: Stuart W. Leslie, Electrification, (1948–1965)”; Seong- “Laboratory Architecture: Building for an Physics World Jun Kim, “Technology Transfer behind Uncertain Future”. Vol. 23, No. 5: Pauline Rigby, “And Then a Diplomatic Struggle: Reappraisal of There Was Light” on the early history of South Korea’s Nuclear Fuel Project in Vol. 63, No. 6: Frank von Hippel, “James the laser. the 1970s”. Franck: Science and Conscience”. Vol. 23, No. 7: Robert P. Crease, “Missed Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Vol. 63, No. 7: Gregory A. Good, Metric Moment” on Joseph Dombey and Vol. 33, No. 1: Dieter Hoffmann, “Rutherford’s Geophysicists”. an early attempt to import the metric Hole Rößler and Gerald Reuther, system to the United States. ■ “‘Lachkabinett’ und ‘großes Fest’ der Vol. 63, No. 8: T. N. Narasimhan, Physiker: Walter Grotian’s ‘phsilakischer “Thermal Conductivity through the 19th Search 30,000+ images online at photos.aip.org Einakter zu Max Plancks 80. Geburtstag”. Century”.

Journal for the History of Astronomy Vol. 41, No. 2: Jonathan Green, “The Niels Bohr Library & Archives 2010 Book Donations First Copernican Astrologer: Andreas Aurifaber’s Practica for 1541”; David As in past years, we have continued to expérimentale et appliquée. First pub- Baneke, “Teach and Travel: Leiden receive generous donations of books lished in Paris in 1851, the successive Observatory and the Renaissance of and other publications from both indi- editions of Ganot’s work were among Dutch Astronomy in the Interwar Years”; viduals and organizations during 2010. the most widely used 19th century phys- José Chabás and Bernard R. Goldstein, We accessioned especially large gifts ics textbooks in Europe and the U.S. “Astronomical Activity in Portugal in the from the New York Academy of Medi- Fourteenth Century”; Michael Hoskin, cine Library; Kay Smith on behalf of Other donors include Joseph Bellina, “Mary Herschel’s Fortune: Origins and the late Prof. Leonard Jossem; William Kenneth Caneva, Alan Chodos, Lucien Impact”; Lee MacDonald, “Isaac Roberts, Kelly’s family; Warren Hein, Raymond Cremaldi, Charles Day, Donald Fitts, E. E. Barnard, and the Nebulae”. L. Murray, the CalTech Library, and Marion Kazemi, William Keller, Bernard from Frances Bernstein on behalf of the Khoury, Catherine Mader, Alex Magoun, Vol. 41, No. 3 is a special issue on “Forms American Crystallographic Association. Jack Oliver, Marial Poll, Ronald Smeltzer, and Functions in Early Modern Celestial Judith Soukup, David Stern, and Fank R. Imagery”, which includes: Isabelle The New York Academy of Medicine Tangherlini. Each contribution has helped Pantin, “The Astronomical Diagrams donation is of special note; it consists strengthen and fill gaps in our collection, in Oronce Finé’s Protomathesis of over 40 textbooks and monographs, and we are grateful to all of our donors. (1532): Founding a French Tradition?”; almost all from the 19th and early 20th Christoph Lüthy, “Centre, Circle, century. The titles include five editions For information on donating books, Circumference: Giordano Bruno’s of the English translation of Adolphe contact Kim Hukill, Librarian, at 301-209- Astronomical Woodcuts”; Katie Taylor, Ganot’s Traité élémentaire de physique 3182 or [email protected]. ■ www.aip.org/history Winter 2010–2011 | History Newsletter 21 Would you rather read this on the Web? If you switch to our online newsletter, it will leave us more money for our programs and projects, and you can see it as soon as it’s issued—with some of the pictures in color! Please visit www.aip.org/history/newsletter/newsletter-request. htm, call 301-209-3165, or e-mail [email protected] to find out more. ❑ I have a new address, please update my subscription. (My old address is indicated on the label below.) New address:

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STAFF MEMBERS This Newsletter is a biannual publication of the Cen- Gregory A. Good, Director, Center for History of Physics ter for History of Physics and the Niels Bohr Library & R. Joseph Anderson, Director, Niels Bohr Library & Archives Archives, American Institute of Physics, One Physics El- Stephanie Jankowski, Senior Administrative Secretary lipse, College Park, MD 20740; phone: 301-209-3165; fax: Orville R. Butler, Associate Historian 301-209-0882; e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]; Editor: Ada Uzoma, Web Specialist Gregory A. Good. The Newsletter reports activities of the Center for History of Physics and Niels Bohr Library & Kim Hukill, Assistant Librarian Archives, and other information on work in the history Chip Calhoun, Technical Services Archivist of physics and allied fields. Melanie Brown, Associate Archivist Amanda Nelson, Assistant Archivist Any opinions expressed herein do not necessarily Scott Prouty, Photo Librarian represent the views of the AIP or its Member Barbara Allen, Senior Library Preservation Assistant Societies. This Newsletter is available by request Nancy Honeyford, Senior Library Assistant without charge, but we welcome donations (tax- Mary Romanelli, Senior Photo Archives Assistant deductible) to the Friends of the Center for History of Phys- Rachel Carter, Photo Archives Assistant ics (www.aip.org/history/historymatters). A web version is Rebecca Bruner, Project Assistant available at http://www.aip.org/history/newsletter/current/.

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