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Apollo 11 from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Apollo 11 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two humans on the Apollo 11 Moon. Mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the lunar module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC. Armstrong became the first to step onto the lunar surface six hours later on July 21 at 02:56:15 UTC; Aldrin joined him about 20 minutes later. They Neil Armstrong descends a ladder to become the first spent about two and a quarter human to step onto the surface of the Moon hours together outside the spacecraft, and collected 47.5 Mission type Manned lunar landing pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material Operator NASA[1] to bring back to Earth. Michael Collins piloted the command COSPAR ID CSM: 1969-059A module Columbia alone in lunar LM: 1969-059C orbit while they were on the SATCAT no. CSM: 4039 Moon's surface. Armstrong and LM: 4041 Aldrin spent just under a day on the lunar surface before Mission duration 8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes, rendezvousing with Columbia in 35 seconds lunar orbit. Spacecraft properties Apollo 11 was launched by a Spacecraft Apollo CSM-107 Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Apollo LM-5 Space Center in Merritt Island, Manufacturer CSM: North American Florida, on July 16, and was the Rockwell fifth manned mission of NASA's LM: Grumman Apollo program. The Apollo Launch mass 100,756 pounds (45,702 kg) spacecraft had three parts: a command module (CM) with a Landing mass 10,873 pounds (4,932 kg) cabin for the three astronauts, and Crew the only part that landed back on Crew size 3 Earth; a service module (SM), Members Neil A. Armstrong which supported the command Michael Collins module with propulsion, electrical power, oxygen, and water; and a Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin, Jr. lunar module (LM) that had two Callsign CSM: Columbia stages – a lower stage for landing LM: Eagle on the Moon, and an upper stage On surface: Tranquility Base to place the astronauts back into Start of mission lunar orbit. After being sent toward the Moon by the Saturn V's Launch date July 16, 1969, 13:32:00 UTC upper stage, the astronauts Rocket Saturn V SA-506 separated the spacecraft from it Launch site Kennedy LC-39A and traveled for three days until they entered into lunar orbit. End of mission Armstrong and Aldrin then moved Recovered by USS Hornet into the lunar module Eagle and Landing date [2] landed in the Sea of Tranquility. July 24, 1969, 16:50:35 UTC They stayed a total of about 21.5 Landing site North Pacific Ocean hours on the lunar surface. The 13°19′N 169°9′W[2] astronauts used Eagle's upper stage to lift off from the lunar Orbital parameters surface and rejoin Collins in the Reference system Selenocentric command module. They jettisoned Periselene [3] Eagle before they performed the 100.9 kilometers (54.5 nmi) maneuvers that blasted them out of Aposelene 122.4 kilometers (66.1 nmi)[3] lunar orbit on a trajectory back to Inclination [3] Earth. They returned to Earth and 1.25 degrees landed in the Pacific Ocean on Period 2 hours[3] July 24. Epoch July 19, 1969, 21:44 UTC[3] Broadcast on live TV to a Lunar orbiter worldwide audience, Armstrong stepped onto the lunar surface and Spacecraft Command/Service Module described the event as "one small component step for [a] man, one giant leap for Orbital insertion July 19, 1969, 17:21:50 UTC[4] mankind." Apollo 11 effectively ended the Space Race and fulfilled Departed orbit July 22, 1969, 04:55:42 UTC[4] a national goal proposed in 1961 Orbits 30 by U.S. President John F. Lunar lander Kennedy: "before this decade is Spacecraft Lunar Module out, of landing a man on the Moon component and returning him safely to the Landing date July 20, 1969, 20:18:04 UTC[5] Earth."[7] Return launch July 21, 1969, 17:54 UTC Landing site Mare Tranquillitatis Contents 0.67408°N 23.47297°E[6] Sample mass 21.55 kilograms (47.51 lb) 1 Framework Surface EVAs 1 1.1 Crew 1.2 Backup crew EVA duration 2 hours, 31 minutes 40 seconds 1.3 Support crew Docking with LM 1.4 Flight directors 1.5 Call signs Docking date July 16, 1969, 16:56:03 UTC[4] 1.6 Insignia Undocking date [4] 1.7 Mementos July 20, 1969, 17:44:00 UTC 2 Mission highlights Docking with LM ascent stage 2.1 Launch and flight Docking date [4] to lunar orbit July 21, 1969, 21:35:00 UTC 2.2 Lunar descent Undocking date July 21, 1969, 23:41:31 UTC[4] 2.3 Landing 2.4 Lunar surface operations 2.5 Lunar ascent and return 2.6 Splashdown and quarantine 2.7 Celebration 3 Moon race 4 Spacecraft location 5 40th anniversary events 6 Gallery 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Left to right: Armstrong, Collins, Aldrin Apollo program Framework Crew Position Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong Commander Second spaceflight Command Michael Collins Module Pilot Second spaceflight Lunar Module Edwin "Buzz" E. Aldrin, Jr. Pilot Second spaceflight Apollo 11 was the second all-veteran multi-person crew (the first being Apollo 10) in human spaceflight history.[8] A previous solo veteran flight had been made on Soyuz 1 in 1967 by Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov.[9] Collins was originally slated to be the Command Module Pilot (CMP) on Apollo 8 but was removed when he required surgery on his back and was replaced by Jim Lovell, his backup for that flight. After Collins was medically cleared, he took what would have been Lovell's spot on Apollo 11; as a veteran of Apollo 8, Lovell was transferred to Apollo 11's backup crew and promoted to backup commander. Backup crew Position Astronaut Commander James A. Lovell, Jr. Command William A. Anders Module Pilot Lunar Module Fred W. Haise, Jr. Pilot In early 1969, Anders accepted a job with the National Space Council effective August 1969 and announced that he would retire as an astronaut on that date. At that point Ken Mattingly was moved from the support crew into parallel training with Anders as backup Command Module Pilot in case Apollo 11 was delayed past its intended July launch (at which point Anders would be unavailable if needed) and would later join Lovell's crew and ultimately be assigned as the original Apollo 13 CMP.[10] Support crew Charlie Duke, Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) Ronald Evans (CAPCOM) Owen K. Garriott (CAPCOM) Don L. Lind (CAPCOM) Ken Mattingly (CAPCOM) Bruce McCandless II (CAPCOM) Harrison Schmitt (CAPCOM) Bill Pogue Jack Swigert Flight directors Cliff Charlesworth (Green Team), launch and EVA Gene Kranz (White Team), lunar landing Glynn Lunney (Black Team), lunar ascent Call signs After the crew of Apollo 10 named their spacecraft Charlie Brown and Snoopy, assistant manager for public affairs Julian Scheer wrote to Manned Spacecraft Center director George M. Low to suggest the Apollo 11 crew be less flippant in naming their craft. During early mission planning, the names Snowcone and Haystack were used and put in the news release,[11] but the crew later decided to change them. The Command Module was named Columbia after the Columbiad, the giant cannon shell "spacecraft" fired by a Apollo 11 Command/Service giant cannon (also from Florida) in Jules Verne's 1865 Module Columbia in lunar novel From the Earth to the Moon.[12] The Lunar Module orbit, photographed from the was named Eagle for the national bird of the United States, Lunar Module Eagle the bald eagle, which is featured prominently on the mission insignia. Insignia The Apollo 11 mission insignia was designed by Collins, who wanted a symbol for "peaceful lunar landing by the United States". He chose an eagle as the symbol, put an olive branch in its beak, and drew a lunar background with the Earth in the distance. NASA officials said the talons of the eagle looked too "warlike" and after some discussion, the olive branch was moved to the claws. The crew decided the Roman numeral XI would not be understood in some nations and went with "Apollo 11"; they decided not to put their names on the patch, so it would "be representative of everyone who had worked Apollo 11 space-flown silver [13] toward a lunar landing". All colors are natural, with blue Robbins medallion and gold borders around the patch. When the Eisenhower dollar coin was released in 1971, the patch design provided the eagle for its reverse side.[14] The design was also used for the smaller Susan B. Anthony dollar unveiled in 1979, ten years after the Apollo 11 mission.[15] Mementos Neil Armstrong's personal preference kit carried a piece of wood from the Wright brothers' 1903 airplane's left propeller and a piece of fabric from its wing,[16] along with a diamond- studded astronaut pin originally given to Deke Slayton by the widows of the Apollo 1 crew. This pin had been intended to be flown on Apollo 1 and given to Slayton after the mission but following the disastrous launch pad fire and subsequent funerals, the widows gave the pin to Slayton and Armstrong took it on Apollo 11.[17] Mission highlights Launch and flight to lunar orbit In addition to many people crowding highways and beaches near the launch site, millions watched the event on television, with Saturn V Earth seen from Taping at 500 fps of the engine NASA Chief of carrying Apollo Apollo 11 just after ignition at launch Public Information 11 rises past the leaving Earth orbit Jack King launch tower (translunar injection) providing camera commentary.
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