DOCSLIB.ORG

Dispersal by Flight of Leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha: Homoptera)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dispersal by Flight of Leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha: Homoptera) DISPERSAL BY FLIGHT OF LEAFHOPPERS (AUCHENORRHYNCHA: HOMOPTERA) BY N. WALOFF Departmentof Zoology and AppliedEntomology, ImperialCollege, London S. W.7. INTRODUCTION In thelast fewyears a seriesof studieson thebionomics and ecologyof leafhoppers have been carriedout at theImperial College Field Station,Silwood Park,Berkshire. Results of a surveyof the speciesbreeding in acidic grasslandshave been reported(Waloff & Solomon 1973). Dispersal by flightof leafhoppersand the catchesin the aerial suction traps and in variousinterference traps, have also been studied.The interestin these problemsis two-fold,firstly, because dispersalto and frombreeding sites contributes to fluctuationsin the sizes of populations(see May 1971; Tay 1972; Solomon 1973) and, secondly,because many of these plant-suckinginsects are vectorsof plant diseases; transmittingviruses or mycoplasmato variousgraminaceous crops, clover, strawberries and otherplants (Slykhuis& Watson 1958; Watson & Sinha 1959; Raatikainen & Tinnila 1959; Maramorosch,Shikata & Granados 1968; Fewkes 1969; Nakasuji & Kiritani1970). Littleis knownabout thetimes of the year in whichthe leaf hoppers in Britaindisperse by flight,and theseaspects have been summarizedin thispaper. In thiscountry, leaf- hoppersare consideredpests of minorimportance only, but in partsof Europe,in North Americaand in tropicalcountries the effectsof transmittedplant diseases and of direct damage caused by leafhopperson cropsassume a highsignificance. Recently, the direct effectsof feeding,coupled withthe intenseoutbreaks of the delphacidSaccharosydne saccharivora(Westw.) on sugar cane throughoutthe Caribbean have been described (Metcalfe1971). Closely associatedwith dispersal by flightare the problemsof alary polymorphism, whichare both widespreadand diversifiedthroughout the Auchenorrhyncha. METHODS Flight Dispersal by flightwas investigatedby recordingthe numbersof Auchenorrhyncha capturedin the aerial suctiontraps (Johnson 1950, 1957; Johnson& Taylor 1955; Taylor 1951, 1955, 1962). Traps IL and IV are permanentlysited east of Elm Ridge at Silwood,adjacent to one another,with trap II suspended1 2 m and trapIV 9*1m above groundlevel. Both are 46 cm in diameterand the inputof air is 71 m3/min.A third suctiontrap, 12 2 m above groundlevel and 65 m westof the other two, has beenoperated since 1969.It is referredto as the Rothamstedtrap (R.T.). Supplementarysuction-traps, 23 cm diameter,were also used in thisstudy. They were locatedon sitesof populationstudies on Psanimotettixconfines (Solomon 1973),Cicadella viridis(Tay 1972) and Stenocranusnminutus (May 1971). Anothersimilar trap which 705 706 Dispersalby flight of leafhoppers >~~~ . ). O, 10t ... .......... ^ 0) Cd,0 . *n............... ., . Q . ~o < 0)I 0 . .. X ,D -4.-~.Cd . .. F -) Cmd . _so~~~ . ON ON en***c o r. ts < 0 . ..). ~~~~ . Cd . .. o~~~~~~~ ~ * ^- ~ o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-4 (n *?* - ?*??*?Q * o~~~~~~~~~~~~~ X~~~~t-) M)* ~ - ) * . ) ) ) ~* ~ ~~~~4 0 t~~s_ Ce * ee *Q U- 6 ....... ~~~~~~~~+I - O ~~~~~~~- 4C. s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 46 s ia) s~~~~~~Z O. 3 qj* @,-, A4 I .}g4a ,a N. WALOFF 707 . * . ... ....4 . ... ....I . .***** ***N* * ** . cn . *. c o * * * * * O * ~~~. 00N. ^*o..N . * * q * * . cn0^ *n .4t ,* r--( cn 00~~~~~~~~orCl * 00 . o** . 'r-s . a . 0 . N 00N %,o N ON _I ***eD*ss *- *0 *efnO. * _ CZ C cl Z~C ~~~~.. * E Z +... - CZ a cd~~~~~~~~~. * . cn L = cl 4.o- Ln l . *** **. ** . .. .... .. .. .. .. .. ** . * . n . .-. ** . *** ........ .00~~~~~~~c. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -. +. CZlC .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-.- O, - A-AE = = r4 $- cd A A w CZ9 Z - _ - U _ * , - _ -~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ -~~~~~~~0~~Z ~3 Q* 3':E Z t: 0)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z-t3 E, ~, z , , S C Z o' ~ P, $ C4,W Q to1 R wWi b tia s iS * b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'or~ Q~ 0 0 Q cmcd~~~~~ Z t~~~ - ~~~~~t Z~~-v - Q -x E~ 2b > ( ~~4' c4Q) ~ -4 44 44 44 C4 (,J-~~~J, 4 LL1 708 Dispersalby flight of leafhoppers O D . ?*.**. _I.*.** . *. **. .* . *. *.t. a o o a) ~~~~~~~~~~~m kn .. >,D st * * * * * _I _I **. * **. *.*. * . I.*. *. *. *. *. *. * . kn <~~~~~~~~.t . 0k * ** ***-' *_Ien. ._ . .. >,D ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~.t- .- t * * * * * *_ . Cd Cd ~~~~~~~~~~~~0~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 CZ *. I * It . _I _I . _I . _I . d .D . N. Cd N . N . .... ................................. - . $. 1. C) z Ut~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9 > o = $. C: 0C Cd tz I Q 0 CZ O e > Q t ? 34! A > > u 2 2 r CZ Ew Hem~~~g;4N44wN~~u~~sCZ= -u zz N. WALOFF 709 'IC . .. .. .. .. s . *. ? *00 * n - * _- ^ *m _I**t*t * N * n . *. .b** r 00en-N *n mo en * * * ** ^.* . * . * t * N -. N* * _ I m . ... _ *. *00l * . .. * . en . ... .. * . * . c .XNO . *St . *_ . .. cnE E U Ed ? E 'o?< cd0 r j LL~t~a~aRU~dUR~~~~~~~~~~~ s = ts 0 h%c Co) :~~~~-< ~~~~~~~o d 9 , Q 2 z g ' ' ' " "2 ki~~~E 0 U +I =$ Co 710 Dispersalby flight of leafhoppers segregatedthe catch into hourlysamples was erectedby traps II and IV in 1972. In addition,water traps and pots containinggrasses on whichthe flyinginsects landed weresuspended at 0l6, 1 2, 1 8 m above theground level within the area of study(Waloff & Solomon 1973).There were two watertraps and tensets of suspendedpots distributed throughthe 1-hafield. The catcheswere removed daily and preservedin 7000 alcohol forsorting and identi- ficationin winter.The data weresupplemented by catchesmade in 1962.Simultaneously, withsampling of the aerial populations,the seasonal abundanceof the acidic grassland species was recordedin the fieldand the methodsused are summarizedin Waloff& Solomon (1973). Flitting Flittingwas examinedin 1968,when ten sets,each of threepots withgrasses, which were periodicallyrenewed, were suspendedon poles at heightsof 0-6, 1 2 and 1-8 m above the groundlevel. The thirtypots wereexamined daily and any leafhoppersthat settledon themwere beaten on to a tray,collected and recorded.It can be seenin Table 2, thatas generationtime progressed, fewer insects settled on thehigher pots and more on the lowerones and thiscoincided with greater proportions of matureindividuals. Females were dissectedand the immatureones given the value of - 1, those with developingoocytes -2, and thosewith fully developed eggs -3 and spentfemales -4. The indicesof maturitybeing the averages of thesevalues. It maybe inferredfrom these data (Table 2) thatmature individuals tend to flit. Laboratorytests Some laboratorytests were made to see whetherthe leafhopperswould continueto flyon reachingmaturation. These werenot testsfor migratory abilities but theyhelped to distinguishbetween the femaleswhich retained flight ability throughout their lives fromthese that lost it withage. The insectswere gently shaken out of a tubeat a heightof 0l6 m intoa container1Il0 m longwith muslin sides and roof,a transparentwindow at one end and an open side at the releasingend. Some flewstraight to thewindow, others dropped on thefloor and hopped towardsit. This was repeatedfive times with each individualinsect. Secondly, the insects werereleased on to thefloor, one at a time,and gentlyprodded with a paintbrush, some onlyhopped, while the flyershopped and flitted.This was also repeatedfive times with each insect.The flyersand non-flyerswere then dissectedto ascertaintheir state of maturationand measurementsof their body length, the length of thefore and hindwings and of hindtibia (Table 7). Macrostelessexnotatus, Balclutha punctata retained powers offlight to death,whereas in otherspecies, e.g. Arthaldeus pascuellus, Streptanus sordidus, Euscelisplebejus, Diplocolenus abdorninalis, Elymana sulphurella, the older femaleswith abdomens distendedwith eggs, appeared to lose the abilityto flyand only hopped. RESULTS The seasonal incidenceof flying Auchenorrhyncha The seasonal incidenceof flightof leafhoppersand froghoppersis summarizedin Table 1. One hundredand fifteenspecies were identifiedin the catchesin the Silwood traps; threeCercopidae, fifty-eight Cicadellidae, twenty-nine plus Typhlocybinae,two Cixiidae and twenty-threeDelphacidae. This list constitutesone-third of the British speciesof Auchenorrhyncha. N. WALOFF 711 Table 2. Numbersof leafhopperssettling on grass in pots suspendedat differentheights and the indicesof maturityof thefemales in thesamples (1968) Date No. in Heightabove ground sample 1-8m 1-2m 0-6m 1-8m 1-2m 0-6m Proportionof sample Indexof maturity 16-31 May 17 0-88 0-12 000 1-3 - - 1-15June 42 0-67 0-21 0-12 1-7 1-5 16-30June 45 0-22 0-51 0-27 1.9 2-5 - 1-16July 36 0-14 0-28 0-58 1-8 2-0 2-7 The yearlycatches were small, the combined totals from traps II, IV and R.T. ranging betweena 1000and 1400in 1969to 1972.Generally, about one-halfof each annualcatch comprisedJavesella pellucida,Macrosteles sexnotatusand M. laevis only (Table 3). All are activeflyers, but not the most abundantlocal speciesand are vectorsof plant diseases.Javesella pellucida transmits the Europeanwheat striate mosaic virus(Watson & Sinha 1959) and the Macrostelesspp. carrythe 'astersyellow' mycoplasma. The proportionsin whichthe different families of Auchenorrhyncha formed the monthly catches in aerial traps are given in Table 4. As most delphacid species hibernateas nymphs,their adults were the firstto emergeand formedthe bulk of the catchin April and May. By June,the Cicadellidae,most of whichhibernated as eggs,were the most abundantboth in thefield and in theair, while the numbers of adultdelphacids declined. By mid-July,the second generationof adult delphacidsemerged and theirincidence in the aerial trapsrose. The second generationsof cicadellidadults tended to overlapwith thedelphacids, but whereasthe latter
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review of the Diet and Micro-Habitat Values for Wildlife and the Agronomic Potential of Selected Grassland Plant Species
    Report Number 697 Review of the diet and micro-habitat values for wildlifeand the agronomic potential of selected grassland plant species English Nature Research Reports working today for nature tomorrow English Nature Research Reports Number 697 Review of the diet and micro-habitat values for wildlife and the agronomic potential of selected grassland plant species S.R. Mortimer, R. Kessock-Philip, S.G. Potts, A.J. Ramsay, S.P.M. Roberts & B.A. Woodcock Centre for Agri-Environmental Research University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR A. Hopkins, A. Gundrey, R. Dunn & J. Tallowin Institute for Grassland and Environmental Research North Wyke Research Station, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB J. Vickery & S. Gough British Trust for Ornithology The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU You may reproduce as many additional copies of this report as you like for non-commercial purposes, provided such copies stipulate that copyright remains with English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA. However, if you wish to use all or part of this report for commercial purposes, including publishing, you will need to apply for a licence by contacting the Enquiry Service at the above address. Please note this report may also contain third party copyright material. ISSN 0967-876X © Copyright English Nature 2006 Project officer Heather Robertson, Terrestrial Wildlife Team [email protected] Contractor(s) (where appropriate) S.R. Mortimer, R. Kessock-Philip, S.G. Potts, A.J. Ramsay, S.P.M. Roberts & B.A. Woodcock Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR A.
    [Show full text]
  • Planthopper and Leafhopper Fauna (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha Et Cicadomorpha) at Selected Post-Mining Dumping Grounds in Southern Poland
    Title: Planthopper and leafhopper fauna (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha) at selected post-mining dumping grounds in Southern Poland Author: Marcin Walczak, Mariola Chruściel, Joanna Trela, Klaudia Sojka, Aleksander Herczek Citation style: Walczak Marcin, Chruściel Mariola, Trela Joanna, Sojka Klaudia, Herczek Aleksander. (2019). Planthopper and leafhopper fauna (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha) at selected post-mining dumping grounds in Southern Poland. “Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology” Vol. 28 (2019), s. 1-28, doi 10.5281/zenodo.3564181 ANNALS OF THE UPPER SILESIAN MUSEUM IN BYTOM ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 28 (online 006): 1–28 ISSN 0867-1966, eISSN 2544-039X (online) Bytom, 05.12.2019 MARCIN WALCZAK1 , Mariola ChruśCiel2 , Joanna Trela3 , KLAUDIA SOJKA4 , aleksander herCzek5 Planthopper and leafhopper fauna (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha) at selected post- mining dumping grounds in Southern Poland http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564181 Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Bankowa Str. 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland 1 e-mail: [email protected]; 2 [email protected]; 3 [email protected] (corresponding author); 4 [email protected]; 5 [email protected] Abstract: The paper presents the results of the study on species diversity and characteristics of planthopper and leafhopper fauna (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha) inhabiting selected post-mining dumping grounds in Mysłowice in Southern Poland. The research was conducted in 2014 on several sites located on waste heaps with various levels of insolation and humidity. During the study 79 species were collected. The paper presents the results of ecological analyses complemented by a qualitative analysis performed based on the indices of species diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of Cicadulina Bipunctata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) In
    Appl Entomol Zool (2014) 49:325–330 DOI 10.1007/s13355-014-0253-3 ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Occurrence of Cicadulina bipunctata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in southwestern Shikoku, Japan and comparisons of gall-inducing ability between Kyushu and Shikoku populations Shun Kumashiro • Keiichiro Matsukura • Ryo Ogawa • Masaya Matsumura • Makoto Tokuda Received: 2 July 2013 / Accepted: 19 February 2014 / Published online: 8 March 2014 Ó The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The maize orange leafhopper Cicadulina bi- bipunctata had a gall inducing ability similar to the punctata (Melichar) is an insect pest of cereal crops in Kumamoto population. More attention should be paid to tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. This assessing the risk of further expansion of C. bipunctata leafhopper induces gall symptoms characterized by stunted populations in Shikoku. growth and swollen leaf veins on various Poaceae. Damage by C. bipunctata has been reported from Australia, the Keywords Distribution Á Maize orange leafhopper Á Philippines, China, Taiwan, and Japan. In Japan, C. bi- Maize wallaby ear symptom Á Poaceae punctata occurs in the central and southern parts of Kyu- shu. Because the leafhopper is a potential pest of various cereal crops, we conducted field surveys in Shikoku and the Introduction southern part of the Kii Peninsula (a part of Honshu), where the climate seems to be suitable for the establish- Maize orange leafhopper, Cicadulina bipunctata (Meli- ment of C. bipunctata. As a result, we found C. bipunctata char), is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of at some localities in Ehime and Kochi Prefectures.
    [Show full text]
  • The Corixidae (Hemiptera) of Oklahoma KURT F
    BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 71 The Corixidae (Hemiptera) of Oklahoma KURT F. SCHAEFER, Panhandle State Colle.e, Goodwell The Corixidae or water boatman family is a commonly collected fam­ ily taken in a variety of aquatic habitats and frequently at lights at night or on shiny surfaces during the day. Hungerford's 1948 monograph on the world corixids is an important contribution, essential to a serious collector. My paper is an attempt to make the identification of state fonns easier and to supply descriptions and distribution data for the corixids of the state. Schaefer and Drew (1964) reported 18 species and Ewing (1964) added one for the state. Five addi­ tional species are included because information of their known ranges in­ dicates that they will probably be found in Oklahoma when more collecting is done. Each pair of legs is modified for a different function. The anterior pair is short with the tenninal segment (pala) often more or less spoon­ shaped and fringed with bristles for food gathering. Both adults and nymphs feed mainly on algae and protozoa, obtained from bottom ooze (Usinger, 1956). The middle pair of legs, used for anchorage and support, is long and slender, tenninating with two long claws. The hind pair, for swimming, is stouter, laterally flattened and fringed with hairs. The principal dimorphic structures used as key characters are as fol­ lows: males, usually smaller, with vertex of the head otten more produced and frons concavely depressed. Fonn and chaetotaxy of the male palae, front tarsi, are much used characters. The female abdomen is bilaterally symmetrical, while the asymmetry of male may be either to the right (dextral) or left (stnistral).
    [Show full text]
  • The Leafhoppers of Minnesota
    Technical Bulletin 155 June 1942 The Leafhoppers of Minnesota Homoptera: Cicadellidae JOHN T. MEDLER Division of Entomology and Economic Zoology University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station The Leafhoppers of Minnesota Homoptera: Cicadellidae JOHN T. MEDLER Division of Entomology and Economic Zoology University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Accepted for publication June 19, 1942 CONTENTS Page Introduction 3 Acknowledgments 3 Sources of material 4 Systematic treatment 4 Eurymelinae 6 Macropsinae 12 Agalliinae 22 Bythoscopinae 25 Penthimiinae 26 Gyponinae 26 Ledrinae 31 Amblycephalinae 31 Evacanthinae 37 Aphrodinae 38 Dorydiinae 40 Jassinae 43 Athysaninae 43 Balcluthinae 120 Cicadellinae 122 Literature cited 163 Plates 171 Index of plant names 190 Index of leafhopper names 190 2M-6-42 The Leafhoppers of Minnesota John T. Medler INTRODUCTION HIS bulletin attempts to present as accurate and complete a T guide to the leafhoppers of Minnesota as possible within the limits of the material available for study. It is realized that cer- tain groups could not be treated completely because of the lack of available material. Nevertheless, it is hoped that in its present form this treatise will serve as a convenient and useful manual for the systematic and economic worker concerned with the forms of the upper Mississippi Valley. In all cases a reference to the original description of the species and genus is given. Keys are included for the separation of species, genera, and supergeneric groups. In addition to the keys a brief diagnostic description of the important characters of each species is given. Extended descriptions or long lists of references have been omitted since citations to this literature are available from other sources if ac- tually needed (Van Duzee, 1917).
    [Show full text]
  • STUBBORN, GREENING, and RELATED DISEASES
    STUBBORN, GREENING, and RELATED DISEASES Visualization of Spiroplasma Citri in the Leafhopper Scaphytopius Nitridus (De Long) M. Russo, G. L. Rana, A. L. Granett, and E. C. Calavan Spiroplasma citri Saglio et. al. is the Although these experiments indicated causal agent of stubborn disease of citrus that S. citri multiplies within leafhoppers, (Markham et al., 1974). Unlike most they provided no visual evidence that it other phytopathogenic mycoplasmalike was present inside the insect cells. For organisms (PMLO), S. citri can be cul- this investigation we fed S. nitridus adults tured on artificial media (Fudl-Allah et on 5 per cent sucrose solutions containing al., 1971; Saglio et al., 1971). Most S. citri. (Groups of these insects were PMLO are known to be vectored by one macerated and S. citri was isolated from or more leafhoppers or psyllids (Whit- most groups. After 40 days several indi- comb and Davis, 1970; Kaloostian et al., viduals were dissected, fixed and embed- 1971), but the natural vector or vectors ded for electron microscopy. of stubborn have been difficult to dis- My co plasmalike organisms (MLO) cover. Recently workers in England were found abundantly in thin sections of (Daniels et al., 1973; Markham et al., some, but not all leafhoppers. MLO were 1974) obtained transmission by injecting present in several organs of the insect, S. citri cultures into Euscelis plebejus namely, intestine (figs. 1 and 2), salivary (Fallen), and feeding the injected insects glands (fig. 3), and intact (fig. 4A,B) or on citrus. In California, S. citri was degenerating somatic muscles. In the lat- cultured from macerates of the beet ter, groups of MLO were encased in leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker), sack-like membranous structures (fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Insects: a Hidden Biodiversity Crisis? 1
    Chapter 7—Terrestrial Insects: A Hidden Biodiversity Crisis? 1 Chapter 7 Terrestrial Insects: A Hidden Biodiversity Crisis? C.H. Dietrich Illinois Natural History Survey OBJECTIVES Like most other elements of the biota, the terrestrial insect fauna of Illinois has undergone drastic change since European colonization of the state. Although data are sparse or entirely lacking for most species, it is clear that many formerly abundant native species are now exceedingly rare while a few previously uncommon or undocumented species, both native and exotic, are now abundant. Much of this change may be attributable to fragmentation and loss of native habitats (e.g., deforestation, draining of wetlands, agricultural conversion and intensification, urbanization), although other factors such as invasion by exotic species (including plants, insects and pathogens), misuse of pesticides, and improper management of native ecosystems have probably also been involved. Data from Illinois and elsewhere in the north temperate zone provide evidence that at least some groups of terrestrial insects have undergone dramatic declines over the past several decades, suggesting that insects are no less vulnerable to anthropogenic environmental change than other groups of organisms Yet, insects continue to be under-represented on official lists of threatened or endangered species and conservation programs focus primarily on vertebrates and plants. This chapter summarizes available information on long-term changes in the terrestrial insect fauna of Illinois, reviews possible causes for these changes, highlights some urgent research needs, and provides recommendations for conservation and management of terrestrial insect communities. INTRODUCTION Insects are among the most important “little things that run the world” (1).
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Associates of Orthezia Urticae, Matsucoccus Pini, And
    Protoplasma https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01377-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Bacterial associates of Orthezia urticae, Matsucoccus pini, and Steingelia gorodetskia - scale insects of archaeoccoid families Ortheziidae, Matsucoccidae, and Steingeliidae (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) Katarzyna Michalik1 & Teresa Szklarzewicz1 & Małgorzata Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk2 & Anna Michalik1 Received: 1 February 2019 /Accepted: 2 April 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The biological nature, ultrastructure, distribution, and mode of transmission between generations of the microorganisms associ- ated with three species (Orthezia urticae, Matsucoccus pini, Steingelia gorodetskia) of primitive families (archaeococcoids = Orthezioidea) of scale insects were investigated by means of microscopic and molecular methods. In all the specimens of Orthezia urticae and Matsucoccus pini examined, bacteria Wolbachia were identified. In some examined specimens of O. urticae,apartfromWolbachia,bacteriaSodalis were detected. In Steingelia gorodetskia, the bacteria of the genus Sphingomonas were found. In contrast to most plant sap-sucking hemipterans, the bacterial associates of O. urticae, M. pini, and S. gorodetskia are not harbored in specialized bacteriocytes, but are dispersed in the cells of different organs. Ultrastructural observations have shown that bacteria Wolbachia in O. urticae and M. pini, Sodalis in O. urticae, and Sphingomonas in S. gorodetskia are transovarially transmitted from mother to progeny. Keywords Symbiotic microorganisms . Sphingomonas . Sodalis-like
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 271.95 K
    Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics (IJAB) Vol.11, No.2, 121-148, 2015 ISSN: 1735-434X (print); 2423-4222 (online) A checklist of Iranian Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Pakarpour Rayeni, F.a*, Nozari, J.b, Seraj, A.A.a a Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran b Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran (Received: 7 February 2015; Accepted: 29 June 2015) By using published records and original data from recent research, the first checklist for subfamily Deltocephalinae from Iran is presented. This study is based on a comprehensive review of literatures and the examination of some materials from our collection. The present checklist contains 184 species belonging to 74 genera. In addition, for each species, the known geographical distribution in Iran and in the world is reported. Key words: leafhoppers, records, subfamily, distribution, Iran. INTRODUCTION Zahniser and Dietrich (2013) stated that currently Deltocephalinae contains 6683 valid species and 923 genera, making it the largest subfamily of Cicadellidae based on the number of described species. The subfamily is distributed worldwide, and it contains the majority of leafhoppers vectoring economically important plant diseases, some of which cause significant damage and economic loss”. Many species feed on herbaceous or woody dicotyledonous plants, while about 1/3 of the tribes specialize on grass and sedge hosts and are particularly diverse and abundant in grassland ecosystems (Dietrich, 2005). The history of the faunestic studies on leafhoppers in Iran is mainly based on Dlabola's investigations (1957; 1958; 1960; 1961; 1964; 1971; 1974; 1977; 1979; 1981; 1984; 1987; 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • Zum Sommeraspekt Der Zikadenfauna Des Kyffhäusergebirges (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha)
    Beiträge zur Zikadenkunde 9: 15-22 (2007) 15 A food plant study of the Auchenorrhyncha of the Częstochowa upland, southern Poland (Insecta, Hemiptera) Dariusz Świerczewski1 Kurzfassung: Auf der Hochebene von Tschenstochau in Süd-Polen wurde 2004 bis 2006 die Zikadenfauna von 31 Kräuter- und Grasarten untersucht. Das Material umfasst insgesamt 1970 adulte Individuen aus 44 Arten. Für 21 Pflanzenarten werden Zikadengilden beschrieben und diskutiert. Abstract: Auchenorrhyncha were sampled on 31 species of forbs and grasses in the years 2004-2006 in the area of Częstochowa Upland in southern Poland. Altogether, the material includes 1970 adult individuals belonging to 44 species. Auchenorrhyncha guilds for 21 plants are described and discussed. Key words: Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha guilds, food plants, Poland 1. Introduction The knowledge of Auchenorrhyncha food plants in Poland, unlike those published recently from Germany (Nickel 2003) or Britain (e.g. Waloff & Solomon 1973; Cook 1996), are far from complete. Smreczyński (1954) and Nast (1976) provided records mainly for arboricolous taxa, i.e. Macropsinae, Idiocerinae, Jassinae and Typhlocybinae, but there is still no information on the food preferences of the bulk of the leafhopper fauna. The aim of this work was to determine Auchenorrhyncha guilds associated with forbs and grasses, which are notable constituents of grasslands on limestone and sandy substrates of the Częstochowa upland in southern Poland. 2. Study area, methods and material A survey was carried out over a 3-year period (2004-2006) near the villages of Olsztyn and Mstów, UTM CB 72, CB 73 (Fig. 1). This region is characterized by Upper Jurassic limestone formations dissected by valleys filled with Pleistocene sands.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects of Larose Forest (Excluding Lepidoptera and Odonates)
    Insects of Larose Forest (Excluding Lepidoptera and Odonates) • Non-native species indicated by an asterisk* • Species in red are new for the region EPHEMEROPTERA Mayflies Baetidae Small Minnow Mayflies Baetidae sp. Small minnow mayfly Caenidae Small Squaregills Caenidae sp. Small squaregill Ephemerellidae Spiny Crawlers Ephemerellidae sp. Spiny crawler Heptageniiidae Flatheaded Mayflies Heptageniidae sp. Flatheaded mayfly Leptophlebiidae Pronggills Leptophlebiidae sp. Pronggill PLECOPTERA Stoneflies Perlodidae Perlodid Stoneflies Perlodid sp. Perlodid stonefly ORTHOPTERA Grasshoppers, Crickets and Katydids Gryllidae Crickets Gryllus pennsylvanicus Field cricket Oecanthus sp. Tree cricket Tettigoniidae Katydids Amblycorypha oblongifolia Angular-winged katydid Conocephalus nigropleurum Black-sided meadow katydid Microcentrum sp. Leaf katydid Scudderia sp. Bush katydid HEMIPTERA True Bugs Acanthosomatidae Parent Bugs Elasmostethus cruciatus Red-crossed stink bug Elasmucha lateralis Parent bug Alydidae Broad-headed Bugs Alydus sp. Broad-headed bug Protenor sp. Broad-headed bug Aphididae Aphids Aphis nerii Oleander aphid* Paraprociphilus tesselatus Woolly alder aphid Cicadidae Cicadas Tibicen sp. Cicada Cicadellidae Leafhoppers Cicadellidae sp. Leafhopper Coelidia olitoria Leafhopper Cuernia striata Leahopper Draeculacephala zeae Leafhopper Graphocephala coccinea Leafhopper Idiodonus kelmcottii Leafhopper Neokolla hieroglyphica Leafhopper 1 Penthimia americana Leafhopper Tylozygus bifidus Leafhopper Cercopidae Spittlebugs Aphrophora cribrata
    [Show full text]
  • ZGRUPOWANIA PIEWIKÓW (HEMIPTERA: FULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) WYBRANYCH ZBIOROWISK ROŚLINNYCH BABIOGÓRSKIEGO PARKU NARODOWEGO Monografia
    ZGRUPOWANIA PIEWIKÓW (HEMIPTERA: FULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) WYBRANYCH ZBIOROWISK ROŚLINNYCH BABIOGÓRSKIEGO PARKU NARODOWEGO Monografia LEAFHOPPER COMMUNITIES (HEMIPTERA: FULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) SELECTED PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE BABIA GÓRA NATIONAL PARK The Monograph ROCZNIK MUZEUM GÓRNOŚLĄSKIEGO W BYTOMIU PRZYRODA NR 21 SEBASTIAN PILARCZYK, MARCIN WALCZAK, JOANNA TRELA, JACEK GORCZYCA ZGRUPOWANIA PIEWIKÓW (HEMIPTERA: FULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) WYBRANYCH ZBIOROWISK ROŚLINNYCH BABIOGÓRSKIEGO PARKU NARODOWEGO Monografia Bytom 2014 ANNALS OF THE UPPER SILESIAN MUSEUM IN BYTOM NATURAL HISTORY NO. 21 SEBASTIAN PILARCZYK, MARCIN WALCZAK, JOANNA TRELA, JACEK GORCZYCA LEAFHOPPER COMMUNITIES (HEMIPTERA: FULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) SELECTED PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE BABIA GÓRA NATIONAL PARK The Monograph Bytom 2014 Published by the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Plac Jana III Sobieskiego 2 41–902 Bytom, Poland tel./fax +48 32 281 34 01 Editorial Board of Natural History Series: Jacek Betleja, Piotr Cempulik, Roland Dobosz (Head Editor), Katarzyna Kobiela (Layout), Adam Larysz (Layout), Jacek Szwedo, Dagmara Żyła (Layout) International Advisory Board: Levente Ábrahám (Somogy County Museum, Kaposvar, Hungary) Horst Aspöck (University of Vienna, Austria) Dariusz Iwan (Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS, Warszawa, Poland) John Oswald (Texas A&M University, USA) Alexi Popov (National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, Bulgaria) Ryszard Szadziewski (University of Gdańsk, Gdynia, Poland) Marek Wanat (Museum
    [Show full text]