chris reed stoss landscape urbanism . 423 w broadway #304 . boston . ma . 02127 . usa t 617 464 1140 [email protected]
CURRENT
Stoss Landscape Urbanism Founding Principal, Design Director Harvard Graduate School of Design Associate Professor in Practice of Landscape Architecture
EDUCATION
University of Pennsylvania Master of Landscape Architecture . 1995 Harvard College A.B. cum laude in Urban Studies . 1991 Columbia University New York / Paris Program . GSAPP . 1989-1990
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Stoss Landscape Urbanism Founding Principal . Boston . Massachusetts . 2000-present Hargreaves Associates Senior Associate . Associate . Cambridge . Massachusetts . 1995-2000 Stephen Stimson Associates Landscape Designer . Falmouth . Massachusetts . 1995 Burck Ryan Associates Landscape Designer . Watertown . Massachusetts . 1995 Wallace Roberts & Todd Intern . Philadelphia . Pennsylvania . 1994 Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates Intern . Cambridge . Massachusetts . 1991-1992
ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE
Harvard Graduate School of Design Associate Professor in Practice of Landscape Architecture . 2013-present Adjunct Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture . 2010-2013 Design Critic in Landscape Architecture . 2003, 2005, 2008-2010 Research Fellow . Center for Technology and Environment . 2003-2005 University of Pennsylvania Adjunct Associate Professor . Department of Landscape Architecture . 2008-2009 Lecturer . Department of Landscape Architecture . 2000-2008 Teaching Assistant . Department of Landscape Architecture . 1994-1995 University of Toronto Adjunct Faculty . Faculty of Architecture Landscape & Design . 2006 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Visiting Faculty . Department of Architecture . 2005-2006 Florida International University Visiting Faculty . School of Architecture . 2004 University of Virginia Lecturer . Department of Landscape Architecture . 2003 Rhode Island School of Design Visiting Faculty . Department of Landscape Architecture . 2000, 2003
APPOINTMENTS, AFFILIATIONS
Fellow American Society of Landscape Architects Council of Fellows Member American Society of Landscape Architects. Fellow The Forum for Urban Design. 2013-present Dean’s Council Member University of Pennsylvania School of Design. 2014-present
REGISTRATION
Registered Landscape Architect Arizona . Connecticut . Massachusetts . Michigan . New York . Ontario . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . Wisconsin
ADVISORY POSITIONS
Advisory Board Co-Chair Boston Futures Public Forums . 2015 Industry Advisory Group Member US Department of State Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations . 2013-present Globe Network Member SCI - Arc Future Initiatives . 2009-2010 Editorial Advisory Board Kerb 17 . 2009 Council Member New York Prize Fellowship Council . Van Alen Institute . 2007-2009 Editorial Board AB / ArchitectureBoston . 2007 chris reed 2
PROFESSIONAL AWARDS
Honor Award The Plaza at Harvard . Boston Society of Landscape Architects . College and University Design . 2015 Winner Van Alen Institute Future Ground Competition . New Orleans . 2015 Citation Award Boston Society of Architects Unbuilt Design . 2014 First Place Connected City Design Challenge . 2014 AZ Award Landscape Architecture The CityDeck . AZ Awards . Azure Magazine . 2014 First Place Movement on Main Design Competition . Syracuse NY . 2013 National Design Award Winner Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt National Design Award . Landscape Architecture category . 2012 Top Honor Award The CityDeck . Excellence on the Waterfront Awards . Waterfront Center . 2011 National Design Awards Finalist Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum . Landscape Design Finalist . 2008 . 2010 Topos Landscape Award Topos International Review of Landscape Architecture and Urban Design . 2010 Emerging Voices The Architectural League of New York . Juried Portfolio Selection . 2008 Progressive Architecture Award Urban Design Citation . Silresim Superfund Redevelopment Study . 2004 EDRA / Places Award Environmental Design Research Association / Places / Metropolis . Lower Don Lands . 2008 First Place Erie Street Plaza International Design Competition . Milwaukee . Wisconsin . 2006 ASLA Award for Analysis + Planning Merit . American Society of Landscape Architects . Silresim Superfund Study . 2004 Honor Award ASLA Michigan Chapter . Landscape Planning and Analysis . Detroit Future City . 2013 Hobson Honor Award Boston Society of Architects Unbuilt Architecture Award . Taichung Gateway Park . 2012 Planning Award Boston Society of Architects Urban and Campus Planning . Herinneringspark . 2012
Competition Finalist Back to the River . London Community Foundation . London . Ontario . Canada . 2015 Competition Finalist Jack Layton Ferry Terminal and Harbour Square Park . Toronto . Ontario . Canada . 2015 Competition Finalist 11th Street Bridge Park . Washington DC . 2014 Finalist Qatar Foundation Visitor Center . Doha . Qatar . 2014 Second Place Taichung Gateway Park International Design Competition . Taichung . Taipei . 2011 Honor Award Boston Society of Landscape Architecture award in Waterfront Design . The CityDeck . 2013 Merit Award Boston Society of Landscape Architecture award in Waterfront Design . Erie Street Plaza . 2013 Daniel Burnham Award Michigan Association of Planning . Planning Excellence Award . Detroit Future City . 2013 Citation Award Boston Society of Architects Unbuilt Architecture Award . Minneapolis Riverfront . 2012 Mayor’s Design Award Erie Street Plaza . Milwaukee . Wisconsin . 2011 Juried Selection Foreclosed . Museum of Modern Art / PS1 . (MOS Team) . New York . 2011 Competition Finalist / Second Place Minneapolis Riverfront Design Competition . Minneapolis . 2011 Competition Finalist Laagland Park . Antwerp . Belgium . 2010 Competition Finalist WW1 Remembrance Park . Flanders . Belgium . 2009-2010 Competition Finalist / Second Place Pittsburgh Arena Garden Passage / “Energy Forest” . Pittsburgh . 2009 Biennale Participant Biennale of Landscape Urbanism . Bat Yam . Israel . 2008/2010 Competition Finalist Horsens Harbour Competition . (Juul Frost Team) . Denmark . 2008 Second Place Allegheny Square Design Competition . (La Dallman Team) . Pittsburgh . 2007 Competition Finalist Lower Don Lands Innovative Design Competition . Toronto . Ontario . Canada . 2007 Juried Selection International Garden Festival . Reford Gardens . Grand-Métis . Québec . Canada . 2006 Competition Finalist Andrew Young Memorial Design Competition . Atlanta . (La Dallman team) . 2005 Competition Finalist Civic Exchange Design Competition . Lower Manhattan . (Leeser Architecture team) . 2004 Next Generation Runner-up Next Generation Prize . Metropolis Magazine . 2004 Honor Award for Unbuilt Architecture Boston Society of Architects . Silresim Superfund Redevelopment Study . 2004 Honor Award for Unbuilt Architecture Boston Society of Architects . Mt. Tabor Reservoirs . 2004 Design Research Grant Boston Society of Architects . Adaptive Design: Field Reconnaissance . 2004 Competition Finalist NYC2012 Olympic Village Design Competition . Queens . New York . (MVRDV team) . 2003 Competition Finalist Mt. Tabor Reservoir Design Competition . Portland . Oregon . 2003 Honor Award Entablature Architecture Website Awards . 2003 Competition Finalist Sugar House Crossing Competition . Salt Lake City . Utah . 2003 Honor Award for Design Boston Society of Landscape Architects . Riverside Park . 2003 Honor Award for Unbuilt Architecture Boston Society of Architects . Papago Trail . 2002 Featured Project Designed Landscape Forum III . Brookline Pool Garden . 2002 Finalist / Second Place Papago Trail Design Competition . Metropolitan Phoenix . 2002 First Honorable Mention Courthouse Plaza Design Competition . Lexington . Kentucky . 2001 Honor Award for Design Boston Society of Landscape Architects . Brookline Pool Garden . 2000 Exhibited Semi-Finalist Ideas competition for David’s Island . New Rochelle . New York . 1997 chris reed 3
ACADEMIC AWARDS
Faculty Medal University of Pennsylvania Department of Landscape Architecture . 1995 ASLA Honor Award University of Pennsylvania Department of Landscape Architecture . 1995 Award of Excellence Canadian Society of Landscape Architects . Overall Student Competition . 1995 First Prize Canadian Society of Landscape Architects . Rivers of the Mind . 1995 First Prize Canadian Society of Landscape Architects . Waterways in Place . 1995 WRT Traveling Fellowship University of Pennsylvania Department of Landscape Architecture . 1994
BOOKS + EDITED VOLUMES
Projective Ecologies ed. by Chris Reed and Nina-Marie Lister . ACTAR / Harvard Graduate School of Design . (2014) includes: “Ecological Thinking, Design Practices” and “Parallel Genealogies” by Chris Reed and Nina-Marie Lister “Curated Drawings Collection” by Chris Reed essays by Sanford Kwinter, Christopher Hight, Erle Ellis, Peter Del Tredici, Jane Wolff, Sean Lally
Stoss Landscape Urbanism Sourcebooks in Landscape Architecture 7 . ed. by Jason Kentner . The Ohio State University Press . 2013 includes essays by John Dixon Hunt, Jane Amidon, Jason Kentner
STOSSLU Monograph by C3 Publishers / Korea . 2007 includes: “Hybrid, Invasive, Indeterminate: Reading the Work of Chris Reed” by Charles Waldheim
BOOK REVIEWS
Projective Ecologies Forthcoming . Landscape Journal . Spring 2016 in Topos . vol 90 . Callwey . 2015 In Garten + Landschaft . Callwey . March 2015 in LA + . Wild . University of Pennsylvania School of Design . 2015 in Journal of Architectural Education . 69:2 . 2015 in Landscape Architecture Magazine . vol 12 . 2014 in The Dirt . December 2014 in The Dirt . “Best Books of the Year” . December 2014
StossLU in Topos . vol 66 . Callwey . 2009 in JoLA . Callwey . Spring 2009
PUBLISHED WRITINGS
“The Social Ecologies of Public Space” Ecological Urbanism . 2nd Ed. ed. Mohsen Mostafavi and Gareth Doherty . Lars Muller . 2016 “The Agency of Ecology”
“Projective Ecologies” Nature and Cities . ed. Frederick Steiner . George F. Thompson Publishing . forthcoming 2016
“Absorb / Adapt / Transform” Topos 90: Resilient Cities and Landscapes . Callwey . 2015 excerpt from Projective Ecologies Urban Landscape: Critical Concepts in Built Environment . Ed. Anita Berrizbeitia . Routledge . 2015 excerpt from Projective Ecologies by Chris Reed and Nina-Marie Lister . Places Journal . Design Observer . 2014
“Seoul: Flood the Zone” ArchitectureBoston . vol 16n4 . 2013
“Detroit Future City” by Chris Reed and Toni L. Griffin . Harvard Design Magazine 37: Urbanism’s Core . Harvard University Graduate School of Design . 2013
“Detroit Future City: Productive Topos 84: Urban Strategies . Callwey . 2013 Landscape and New Urban Ecologies” chris reed 4
“Let the Water In” Next New York: 40 Ideas for the Future of the Built Environment . The Forum for Urban Design . 2013
“Studio Report: Flux City” Urban Omnibus . The Architectural League of New York . 2013 http://urbanomnibus.net/2013/06/studio-report-flux-city/ excerpt from Projective Ecologies by Chris Reed and Nina-Marie Lister . Monograph Research 5: Rome Ecological Design Symposium . Wolters Kluwert . Italy . 2013 excerpt from Projective Ecologies by Chris Reed and Nina-Marie Lister . Harvard Design Magazine 36: Landscape Architecture’s Core . Harvard University Graduate School of Design . 2013
“Mat Ecologies: Landscape Representing Landscapes: A Visual Collection of Landscape Architectural Drawings . Representations” ed. Nadia Amoroso . Taylor & Francis / Routledge . 2012
“Landscape Urbanism in Practice” Topos 71: Landscape Urbanism . Callwey . 2010
“The Ecological (and Urbanistic) Agency Deconstruction / Construction: The Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project in Seoul . of Infrastructure” ed. Joan Busquets . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2010
“The Agency of Ecology” Ecological Urbanism . ed. Mohsen Mostafavi and Gareth Doherty . Lars Muller . 2010
“Underpinnings for an Arid Urbanism” The Al Qattara Oasis in Al Ain . ed. Jorge Silvetti and Felipe Correa . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2010
“Rambunctious Urbanism” Tactical Operations in the Informal City . ed. Christian Werthmann Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2009
Book Review Review of The Infrastructural City: Networked Ecologies in Los Angeles . ed. Kazys Varnelis . in Places Journal (online) . 2009
“StossWorks: Hybridized, Expansive, Creating Knowledge: Investigating. Understanding. Designing. ed. by Hille von Seggern, Incomplete” Julia Werner, and Lucia Grosse-Baechle . Leibniz University of Hannover . 2008
reprinted as: “Pràctiques híbrides, paisatges provisionals.” in Paisatges en transformació . ed. Carles Llop . Estudies . Diputació Barcelona . 2009
“Hybridized Hydrologies” Urban Space Design / China . vol 17 . 2007
“Landscape Urbanism Practices” Center 14: On Landscape Urbanism . ed. Dean Almy . University of Texas at Austin . 2007
“Austin TXDOT” Center 14: On Landscape Urbanism . co-written with Charles Waldheim . ed. Dean Almy . University of Texas at Austin . 2007
“Public Works Practice” The Landscape Urbanism Reader . ed. Charles Waldheim . Princeton . 2006
“Performance Practices” 306090 09: Regarding Public Space . Princeton . 2005 republished in StossLU . C3/Korea . 2007
Book Review Review of Manufactured Sites . ed Niall Kirkwood . Land Forum 12 . 2002
WORKS CITED . REFERENCED
Places Journal Projective Ecologies . “Landscape Migration: Environmental design in the Anthropocene” . by Bret Milligan . June 2015 . https://placesjournal.org/article/landscape-migration/
Landscape Journal Detroit Future City . “From Planned Shrinkage to Formerly Urban: Staking Landscape Architecture’s Claim in the Shrinking City Debate” . by Jill Desimini . vol 33, issue 1 . 2014
Landscape Architecture Magazine The Plaza at Harvard . “3-D Printing: The Basics (For Now)” . vol 104, issue 3 . March 2014
Topos Detroit Future City . “Cities, Disturbance and Recovery” by Jane Amidon . vol 84 . 2013 chris reed 5
LAF Landscape Architecture Frontiers Lower Don Lands. “Representing Complexity” by Frederick Steiner . vol 1, issue 6 . December 2013
Journal of Landscape Architecture Detroit Future City. “Blue Voids: Stormwater Strategies for Abandoned Lands” by Jill Desimini . vol 8, issue 2 . November 2013
Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design Lower Don Lands . “Civic Space in Regional Frameworks: Resilient Approaches to Urban Design” by Jill Desimini . vol 3 . 2013
LAF Landscape Architecture Frontiers Herinneringspark . “Initiative Practices . vol 1, issue 1 . February 2013
Landscape Journal Detroit Future City . “From Planned Shrinkage to Formerly Urban: Staking Landscape Architecture’s Claim in the Shrinking City Debate” by Jill Desimini . vol 33, issue 1 . The University of Wisconsin Press . January 2013
Digital Landscape Architecture Now Fox Riverfront . ed. Nadia Amoroso . October 2012
A World of Gardens by John Dixon Hunt . Reaktion Books / Chicago University Press . April 2012
Urban Ecological Design ed. Danilo Palazzo and Frederick Steiner . Island Press . December 2011
Huffington Post (online) “Landscape Urbanism: The Challenge of Implementation” Boston Society of Architects (online) by David Eisen . May 2011 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-eisen/landscape-urbanism-the-ch_b_862541.html http://www.architects.org/news/landscape-urbanism-challenge-implementation
Regional Planning in America: Lower Don Lands . “Plan with Nature: The Legacy of Ian McHarg.” by Frederick Steiner . Practice and Prospect ed. Ethan Seltzer and Armando Carbonell . Lincoln Institute of Land Policy . 2011
Landscape and Urban Planning Lower Don Lands . “Landscape Ecological Urbanism: Origins and Trajectories.” by Frederick Steiner . 2011
Ecological Urbanism “Insurgent Ecologies (Re)Claiming Ground in Landscape and Urbanism.” by Nina-Marie Lister . ed. M. Mostafavi and G. Doherty . Birkhauser . 2010
Harvard Design Magazine 31 “Promiscuous Patterns Synthetic Architecture.” by Paul Anderson and David Salomon . 2009
Alphabet City . Water “Water/Front.” by Nina-Marie Lister . ed. John Knechtel . 2009
republished in Places Journal (online) . 2009 http://places.designobserver.com/entry.html?entry=10227
The Fundamentals of by Tim Waterman . AVA Academia Publishing . 2009 Landscape Architecture
Log “The Ghost of Ian McHarg.” by Frederick R. Steiner . Fall 2008 republished as “Ian McHarg and Sex Parks for Fish.” by Frederick Steiner . in Landscape Architecture China . 2009
JoLA / Journal of Landscape Architecture “Sustaining Beauty: The Performance of Appearance” . by Elizabeth Meyer . 2008 republished in Landscape Architecture Magazine . Oct 2008 republished in JOLA (China) . 2011
Constructed Living Systems “Artificial Winter Microclimate for a Bamboo Garden / Erie Street Plaza” and “Gradient of Resilience / Safe Zone” . by Liat Margolis & Alexander Robinson . Birkhauser . 2007
Hybrids: Reshaping Contemporary Gardens Safe Zone. ed. by Lesley Johnstone . BlueImprint . 2007 Landscape Review “Sociology of professions: The Evolution of Landscape Architecture in the United States.” by C. Timothy Baird and Bonj Szcygiel . 2007
Landscape Journal “Framed Again: The Picturesque Aesthetics of Contemporary Landscapes.” by Susan Herrington . vol 25 . no 1 . University of Wisconsin Press . March 2006
Architecture “Treading Water” . by Anna Holtzman . Apr 2005 chris reed 6
WORK PUBLISHED
WLA #22 “The Eda U. Gerstacker Grove” . World Landscape Architecture . October 2015
30 Years of Emerging Voices ed. Anne Rieselbach, Meredith Baber . The Architectural League of New York . Princeton Architectural Press . 2015
Dallas Morning News Trinity Riverfront . “A Park Between Trinity River Levees Would be an Amenity that Protects Dallas” . by Mark Lamster . August 1 2015
The Globe and Mail Jack Layton Ferry Terminal and Harbour Square Park . “Ferry Tales: How Toronto’s Terminal Could Make Magic on the Waterfront” . by Alex Bozikovic . March 19 2015
Metropolis Magazine The Plaza at Harvard . Trinity Riverfront . “Q&A: Chris Reed on How Landscape Architecture Shapes Urban Life” . by Jared Green . January 30 2015
Landscape The Plaza at Harvard . “Take a Seat” . by Cannon Ivers . January 13 2015
D Magazine (Dallas) Trinity Riverfront . “Can Trees, Wetlands Reconnect Downtown with the Trinity River?” . by Doyle Rader . October 15 2014
Landscape Architecture Korea Detroit Future City . Issue 318 . October 2014
Azure The CityDeck . “Best Landscape Architecture” . August 2014
Topos Magazine Trinity Riverfront . “New Dallas City Design” . June 2014
Landscape Middle East Trinity Riverfront . “The Future is Bright” . Issue 83 . May 2014
Architectural Record The CityDeck . 2013
American Society of Landscape Architects “The Landscape Architect’s Guide to Boston: The Plaza” . by Laura Solano . September 2013 (online) http://www.asla.org/guide/site.aspx?id=40957
South Coast Today (online) “New Bedford Celebrates Opening of ‘Work of Art’ Urban Park” . by Matt Camara . September 2013 http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130913/NEWS/309130327/-1/ARCHIVE
Harvard Magazine “Uncommon Space” . vol. 116 . August 2013
Harvard Gazette (online) “Ideas to Build On: Momentum at Harvard as Design Bends to Rising Seas” . by Corydon Ireland . August 2013 http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2013/08/ideas-to-build-on/?utm_source=facebook&utm_ medium=social&utm_campaign=fb-wall
Harvard Gazette (online) “A Harvard Crossroads in Summer” . by Emelie Rutherford . July 2013 http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2013/07/a-harvard-crossroads-in-summer/
Topos “The Plaza at Harvard University” . vol. 83 . July 2013
Landscape Architecture Frontiers “City-making Based on Landscape Infrastructure” . vol. 1 . issue 3 . June 2013
Landscape Architecture Examiner “Something from Nothing? A re-envisioning of the Plaza at Harvard” . by Ryan Smith . June 2013 (online) http://www.examiner.com/article/something-from-nothing-a-re-envisioning-of-the-plaza-at-harvard
Architect’s Newspaper Blog (online) “Sliced Benches at Harvard Great for Loafing” . by Emily Hooper . June 2013 http://blog.archpaper.com/wordpress/archives/tag/stoss-landscape-urbanism
Architect’s Newspaper “Healthy Street: Stoss Landscape Urbanism Lays New Streetscape in Low-Income Neighborhood” . by Banden Klayko . May 2013 chris reed 7
Planetizen (online) “Can a New Streetscape Help Heal Syracuse’s Low-Income Near Westside?” . by Jonathan Nettler . May 2013 http://www.planetizen.com/node/63158
Sourcebooks in Landscape Architecture “Stoss Landscape Urbanism” . vol. 7 . ed. by Jason Kentner . Knowlton School of Architecture at Ohio State University . May 2013
Harvard GSD News (online) “Stoss’s Plaza, a Flexible Space Bringing Harvard Communities Together” . May 2013 http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/#/news/stoss-s-plaza-a-flexible-space-bringing-harvard-communities.html
South Coast Business Bulletin (online) “City Roots: Visionary’s Love of Landscape Design Began in New Bedford” . by Lauren Daley . May 2013 http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130528/SCBULLETIN/306030312
World Landscape Architecture (online) “The Plaza at Harvard University” . by Damian Holmes . May 2013 http://worldlandscapearchitect.com/the-plaza-at-harvard-university-cambridge-usa-stoss-landscape- urbanism/#.Uay290Dql8G
Landscape Architecture Magazine (online) “Stoss’s Winning Syracuse Street” . by Daniel Jost . April 2013 http://landscapearchitecturemagazine.org/2013/04/17/stosss-winning-syracuse-street/
Landscape Architecture Frontiers “Herrineringspark” . vol. 1 . issue 1 . April 2013
World Landscape Architecture (online) “Stoss Leads Design Team Selected for Movement on Main” . by Damian Holmes . April 2013 http://worldlandscapearchitect.com/?p=11776
Syracuse University News (online) “Design Team Selected for Movement on Main: Designing Healthy Main Street” . April 2013 http://news.syr.edu/design-team-selected-for-movement-on-main-designing-healthy-main- street-71912/
Syracuse.com (online) “Boston-based Design Team Awarded Contract to Make Syracuse’s Wyoming Street an Urban Playspace” . by Dave Tobin . April 2013 http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/04/boston_based_design_team_award.html
South Coast Today (online) “Custom House Square Park Groundbreaking Brings Hope for City” . by Auditi Guha . April 2013 http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130409/NEWS/304090324
Designing Activism (online) “Movement on Main Competition” . by Stephen Klimek . April 2013 http://www.designingactivism.com/2013/04/16/movement-on-main-competition/
LW Magazine “Stoss” . vol. 61 . March 2013
Landscape Urbanism (online) “Wild Innovation: Stoss in Detroit” . by Jill Desimini . ed. by Stephanie Carlisle and Nicholas Pevzner . March 2013 http://landscapeurbanism.com/article/wild-innovation-stoss-in-detroit/
South Coast Today (online) “New Bedford’s Urban Park Project on Starting Line” . by Steve Urbon . March 2013 http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130328/NEWS/303280358/-1/NEWS
Chinese Landscape Architecture “Wild Innovation: The Stoss Proposal to Transform Detroit” . by Jill Desimini . vol. 29 . February 2013
Topscape Magazine “Fox Riverfront” . vol. 11 . February 2013
The Harvard Crimson (online) “Science Center Plaza Renovation Moving Forward on Schedule” . by Antonio Coppola . January 2013 http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2013/1/30/science-center-construction/
Topos (online) “Detroit Future City” . by Ricky Ricardo . January 2013 http://www.toposmagazine.com/blog/detroit-future-city.html
Places (online) “Cartographic Grounds: Projecting the Landscape Imaginary” . The Plaza at Harvard University . by Jill Desimini . January 2013 http://places.designobserver.com/feature/cartographic-grounds-exhibition/37632/
Tasarim Magazine “The CityDeck” . vol. 227 . December 2012 chris reed 8
We Are Green Bay (online) “Green Bay’s Mayor Talks About Changing Face of Downtown” . by Erin Davisson . November 2012 http://wearegreenbay.com/1fulltext-news?nxd_id=163752
Topos (online) “The CityDeck in Green Bay Completed” . November 2012 http://www.toposmagazine.com/blog/the-The CityDeck-in-green-bay-completed.html
World Landscape Architecture (online) “The CityDeck Phase 2” . ed. by Damian Holmes . November 2012 http://worldlandscapearchitect.com/?p=10843
Mississauga.com (online) “Council Seeks Visions for Port Credit Waterfront” . by David Paterson . Novermber 2012 http://www.mississauga.com/news/article/1529106--council-seeks-visions-for-port-credit-waterfront
Harvard Magazine (online) “A Common Space at Harvard’s Crossroads” . November 2012 http://harvardmagazine.com/2012/11/community-space-at-harvards-crossroads
“Water Urbanisms” Water Urbanisms 2 . ed. by Kelly Shannon . SUN Press . November 2012
Digital Landscape Architecture Now “StossLU: Bass River Park and Erie Street Plaza” . by Nadia Amoroso . Thames & Hudson . October 2012
Topos “Two Shifts and Four Threads” . by Jane Amidon . vol. 80 . October 2012
Dlle No. 4 The CityDeck . ed. by YuMi Hyun . C3 Publishing Company . October 2012
WLA #06 “Huangpu Riverfront”. ed. by Damian Holmes . World Landscape Architecture . October 2012
Urban Sustainability: River+City+Life . University of Toronto Press . September 2012 Reconnecting Space and Place
Architectural Record (online) “Rebuilding Detroit Piece by Piece: Experts and Residents Rally in an Ambitious Plan to Save a Struggling City”. by Laura Mirviss . September 2012 http://archrecord.construction.com/news/2012/09/120928-Rebuilding-Detroit-Piece-by-Piece.asp
Fourth Estate Newspaper (online) “The CityDeck Catalyzes Downtown Green Bay Revitalization”. by Sean Baker . September 2012 http://www.fourthestatenewspaper.com/news/2012/09/11/The CityDeck-catalyzes-downtown-green- bay-revitalization/
Playground Design “Safe Zone” . by Michelle Galindo . Braun Publishing . August 2012
A Sustainable Future for the Exumas Environmental Management, Design, and Planning Conference Report . compiled + ed. by Harvard University Graduate School of Design . May 2012
Landscape Architecture Magazine (online) “Stoss Wins 2012 National Design Award” . May 2012 www.landscapearchitecturemagazine.org/2012/05/03/stoss-wins-2012-national-design-award/ cooper-hewitt-2012 . May 2012
with similar coverage in the following online publications:
The New York Times The Business Journals Fox News ABC News The Wall Street Journal - Market Watch ASLA E-News South Coast Today Yahoo News Brands of the World – News World Landscape Architecture Archinect News Design Applause Timeless Visions - Inspiring Through Design Media Bistro Smithsonian – Newsdesk Architect’s Newspaper PennDesign News GSD - News
LW (Landscape World) Magazine Korea . Footbridge . “The CityDeck”. ed. by Keerim Kim . Edition 52 . May 2012
A World of Gardens by John Dixon Hunt . Reaktion Books / Chicago University Press . April 2012 chris reed 9
Urban Spaces ed. by Jacobo Krauel . LinksBooks Publishing . March 2012 Landscape Urbanism (online) “The CityDeck”. February 2012 www.landscapeurbanism.com/strategy/city-deck/
Re-cycle: Strategies for Architecture, “Detroit Works Project” . ed. by Pippo Ciorra and Sara Marini. Electa Publishing . February 2012 City, and Planet
Art + Scape Erie Street Plaza . Safe Zone . Dopress Books . January 2012
WLA Magazine World Landscape Architecture magazine . Taichung Gateway Park . No. 3 . December 2011
WLA (online) “The CityDeck - Stoss Landscape Urbanism” . December 2011 www.worldlandscapearchitect.com/The CityDeck-green-bay-usa-stoss-landscape-urbanism
Green Bay Press Gazette (online) “Restauranteurs Dock New Place by The CityDeck”. December 2011 www.greenbaypressgazette.com/article/20111224/GPG03/112240540/Restaurateurs-dock-new- place-by-The CityDeck
Landscape Architecture Magazine “Stoss Landscape Urbanism: Its Stunning Quay for Green Bay”. ed. by Brad McKee . November 2011 Korea
Landscape The CityDeck . LST . 2011
ELA (Korea) Design Works . The CityDeck + Erie Street Plaza . 2011
X Files of Landscape Elements The CityDeck + Erie Street Plaza . Shanghai SaihanCultur . 2011
Source Book of Contemporary The CityDeck + Erie Street Plaza + Minneapolis Riverfront . Loft/Harper Collins . 2011 Urban Design
World Landscape Architecture Newsletter Taichung Gateway Park Competition . vol. 3 . 2011 Minneapolis Riverfront Competition . vol. 1 . 2011
International New Landscape (China) Laaglandpark . Erie Street Plaza . Minneapolis . Herinneringspark . 2011 Stock-pile . Radcliffe Yard Garden . No. 2 . 2011 Stock-pile . Radcliffe Yard Garden . No. 5 . 2009 Fox Riverfront . No. 1 . 2008 Safe Zone . No. 4 . 2007 Perkins Park . No. 1 . 2007
Landscape Architecture Magazine The CityDeck . “So Inclined” by Adam Regn Arvidson . November 2011 Minneapolis Riverfront . April 2011 Safe Zone . Jardins de Metis . November 2009 “RipRap.” Safe Zone . Jardins de Metis . November 2006 “ASLA Awards.” Silresim Superfund Redevelopment Study . September 2004
AEC Café (online) The CityDeck . Oct 15 2011 http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2011/10/15/ the-The CityDeck-in-green-bay-wisconsin-by-stoss-landscape-urbanism/
Erie Street Plaza . Oct 20 2011 http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2011/10/13/ erie-street-plaza-in-milwaukee-wisconsin-by-stoss-landscape-urbanism/
Architizer (online) Erie Street Plaza . 2011 http://www.architizer.com/en_us/projects/view/erie-street-plaza/31472/
ArchDaily (online) The CityDeck . Aug 20 2011 http://www.archdaily.com/159167/minneapolis-riverfront-competition-finalist-stosslu/
Erie Street Plaza . Aug 12 2011 http://www.archdaily.com/search/?cx=018045377813080133324%3Adqvn4mlyefm&cof= FORID%3A9&ie=UTF-8&q=The CityDeck&sa=Search&siteurl=www.archdaily.com%2F chris reed 10
Minneapolis Riverfront . Aug 20 2011 http://www.archdaily.com/159167/minneapolis-riverfront-competition-finalist-stosslu/ International Business Times Material Landscapes Exhibit at Washington University’s Sheldon Art Galleries . featuring Erie Street Plaza + The CityDeck . Aug 12 2011 http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/197074/20110812/material-landscapes-liane-hancock.htm
LAND Reader (online) Erie Street Plaza . May 22 2011 http://www.landreader.com/2011/05/22/ material-landscapes-exhibition-8-landscape-architecture-firms/
Landscape Urbanism (online) Lower Don Minneapolis Riverfront . Jul 17 2011 http://landscapeandurbanism.blogspot.com/search?q=lower+don
Waterfront Landscapes Fox Riverfront + Erie Street Plaza. LST Publishing House . 2011
Landscape Architecture China Minneapolis Riverfront . 2011 . No.4
Landscape Urbanism Strategies Erie Street Plaza . ed. Aurora Fernández Per, Javier Mozas . a+t architecture publishers . Issue 37 . spring 2011 .
View on Harvard GSD . Vol. 3 Detroit Works . Harvard Graduate School of Design . Tank . 2011
Radcliffe Magazine Stock-Pile. Winter 2010
A&B Architektura & Biznes (Poland) Topos Award . Firm overview . vol. 218 . by Marta Karpinska . 2010
Topos “Topos Landscape Award 2010: Stoss Landscape Urbanism” . vol. 71 . 2010 “Erie Street Design Competition decided” . vol 56 . 2006
Architektura (Poland) The CityDeck . vol. 193 . 2010
Landscape Architecture of the World Safe Zone . Redaktion van Uffelen . 2010
Small Scale: Creative Solutions Safe Zone . ed. Keith Moskow + Robert Linn . Princeton . 2010 for Better City Living
View on Harvard GSD . Vol. 2 Stock-pile . Harvard Graduate School of Design . Tank . 2010
Great Gardens of America Safe Zone . Métis Garden Festival . by Tim Richardson . 2009 Arts at Harvard (online) Stock-pile . Radcliffe Yard Garden . Nov 2009
Atrium Safe Zone . Nov 2009
PaiseaDos . East Coast USA Firm overview . Bass River Park . Fox Riverfront . vol. 2 . 2009
Fabricated Landscapes Andrew Young Park . ed. James Dallman and Grace La . University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Milwaukee, WI . 2009
Water Landscapes Fox Riverfront . Bass River Park . Erie Street Plaza . ed. Jeong, Ji-seong . CAPress . 2009
Parque Urbano de Valdebebas Parque de las esferas campos productivos . Fundación Arquitectura COAM . 2009
View on Harvard GSD . Vol. 1 Lower Don Lands . Harvard Graduate School of Design . Tank . 2009
Ideas + Concepts in Landscape Architecture Lower Don Lands . Mt. Tabor Reservoirs . by George Lam . vol. 2 Pace / Links International . 2009
Playgrounds Design Safe Zone . Perkins Park . by Carles Broto . LinksBrooks . 2009
Places Journal “RIVER + CITY + LIFE: A Guide to Renewing Toronto’s Lower Don Lands.” by Hector Fernando chris reed 11
Burga . vol 20 . no 3 . fall 2008
1000x Landscape Architecture Safe Zone . Braun / Germany . 2008
Ideas + Concepts in Landscape Architecture Erie Street Plaza . Bass River Park . by George Lam . Pace / Links International . 2008 ELA / Korea “Remarkable Landscape Architects” . by Hyosoon Ki . vol. 244 . August 2008
Garten + Landschaft Safe Zone . Materialien . May 2008
Architect’s Newspaper Emerging Voices . vol 04 . 2008
Metropolis EDRA Places Awards . RIVER + CITY + LIFE Toronto’s Lower Don Lands . 2008 “Flower Power.” Next Generation Award . by Nicholas Anderson . December 2004
LW / Landscape World (Korea) Erie Street Plaza . vol 09 . 2007 Lower Don Lands . vol 06 . 2007
Landscape Design @ Canada Safe Zone . by George Lam . Pace / Links International . 2007
Paisajismo (Spain) Safe Zone . by Patricia Benitez . 2007
Concept (Korea) Lower Don Lands . vol 100 . August 2007
Landscape Design @ USA Perkins Park . by George Lam . Pace / Links International . 2007 Urban Space Design Erie Street Plaza . 2007
Competitions Erie Street Plaza Competition . 2007 Lexington Courthouse Plaza Competition . Finalist projects . 2001
Playspaces (online) Safe Zone . http://playgrounddesigns.blogspot.com/ . 2006
Van Alen Report 18 Civic Exchange: Competition and Dialogues . Van Alen Institute . New York . 2005
AB / Architecture Boston “Unbuilt Architecture Awards” . Silresim Superfund Redevelopment Study . January 2005 “Unbuilt Architecture Awards” . Mt. Tabor Reservoirs . January 2005 “Unbuilt Architecture Awards” . Papago Trail . January 2003
Architecture “51st Annual P/A Awards” . Silresim Superfund Redevelopment Study . January 2004
Architectural Record “New York Dreams of Future Olympic Village” . by Sam Lubell . May 2004
Praxis 4: Landscapes “Riverside Park: Performance Ground” . ed. Julio Salcedo . 2002
Land Forum 13 “Designed Landscape Forum III” . Brookline Pool Garden . 2002
Landscape Forum 1 “Sevcenko Garden” . Spacemaker Press . 1997
Coverage in the following newspapers:
New York Times Boston Globe Detroit Free Press Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel Minneapolis Star-Tribune Atlanta Journal Constitution Green Bay Press-Gazette Green Bay News-Chronicle Toronto Globe + Mail Portland Oregonian Wellesley Townsman The Architectural Newspaper Lowell Sun Phoenix New Times Milwaukee Shepherd Express Boston Business Journal Toronto Star Cape Cod Times Barnstable Register The New Haven Register
PEER-REVIEWED PRESENTATIONS
Hybrid Practices ASLA Conference . Chicago . 2015 chris reed 12
Projective Ecologies ASLA Conference . Denver . 2014 EDRA Conference . New Orleans . 2014
Detroit Future City ASLA Conference . Denver . 2014 ASLA Conference . Phoenix . 2012
Critical Ecologies ASLA Conference . San Diego . 2011
Recalibrating Infrastructure CELA 2011 . Los Angeles . 2011
INTERVIEWS PUBLISHED
Metropolis Magazine Q&A: Chris Reed on How Landscape Architecture Shapes Urban Life . January 2015
The Dirt Interview with Chris Reed on Stoss’ Futuristic Landscapes . January 2015
FORM “From Motown to Notown” . January 2014
Landscape Architecture Frontiers “City-making Based on Landscape Infrastructure” . vol. 1 . issue 3 . 2013
The Design Observer Group (online) “Landscape Optimism: An Interview with Chris Reed” . 2011 www.designobserver.com
Harvard Design Magazine 33 Landscape Architectural Practice Now . 2010-2011
States of Change ed. Rosalea Monacella . RMIT . 2009
Becoming a Landscape Architect A Guide to Careers in Design . by Kelleann Foster . Wiley . 2009 kerb A conversation with Chris Reed from Stoss Landscape Urbanism . vol 17 . RMIT . 2009
Terragrams (online) www.terragrams.com . 2008
CONFERENCES AND LECTURE SERIES ORGANIZED
Boston Futures Multiple locations throughout Boston . co-convener . Boston MA . 2015
“City Garden Now” Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum . curator . Boston MA . 2010-2011 Landscape Visions Lecture Series
Critical Ecologies Harvard University Graduate School of Design . convener . 2010
Emerging Practices in University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Fine Arts . co-convener . 1994 Landscape Architecture
Constructing Landscape University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Fine Arts . student assistant . 1993
LECTURES . PRESENTATIONS
Work-Life University of Southern California . Los Angeles CA . January 2016 Rice Design Alliance . Rice University . Houston TX . January 2016 University of Rhode Island . Providence RI . May 2015
Metabolic Landscape Emaar Future Studio . Dubai . UAE . May 2015 Stanford University . Palo Alto CA . May 2015 University of Virginia . Charlottesville VA . April 2015 The Process: Hiafa Port Conference . Haifa . Israel . March 2015 California Polytechnic Institute . San Luis Obispo CA . January 2015 National Capital Commission Urban Lab . Ottawa . Ontario . Canada . April 2015 Affordable Housing Design Leadership Institute . September 2014 University of New South Wales . Sydney . Australia . August 2015 chris reed 13
Catalytic Landscape University of Nevada Las Vegas . October 2014 VIII international Biennial Barcelona . Barcelon . Spain . Septebmer 2014 Architectural Record Innovation Conference 2014 . May 2014 Oslo Architecture Triennial Conference . Oslo . Norway . September 2013
Projective Ecologies Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology . Melbourne . Australia . July 2015 Institute for Urbanism and Landscape . AHO (Oslo School of Architecture & Design) . Oslo . November 2014 Universiteit Leuven . KU Leuven . Leuven . Belgium . November 2014 The Cultural Landscape Foundation . Washington . DC . October 2014 University of Pennsylvania School of Design . University of Pennsylvania . October 2014 VIII international Biennial Barcelona . Barcelon . Spain . Septebmer 2014 Onassis Cultural Center . Athens . Greece . March 2014 Clemson University College of Architecture . Clemson . South Carolina . March 2014
Cities and Nature Symposium School of Architecture at The University of Texas at Austin . Austin . Texas . February 2014
Cultivating Cities EDRA45NewOrleans . Environmental Design Research Association . May 2014 Anova Lecture for Landscape Architecture . Washington University in St. Louis . February 2014 The Ecological Practices Research Group Lecture . University at Buffalo . Buffalo . New York . November 2013 Rome Ecological Design Symposium . Rome . Italy . September 2013
Projective Processes Projective Views on Urban Metabolism . Harvard University Graduate School of Design . February 2014
Legacy Cities Design: Bruner Loeb Forum The City College of New York’s Spitzer School of Architecture . New York . New York . November 2013
Next New York: Parks & Open Spaces Forum for Urban Design . New York . New York . May 2013
Designing Public Spaces in the Cooper-Hewitt Design Center: Design Talks . New York . New York . April 2013 Urban Environment
AIA Lecture Series AIA Baltimore Lecture Series . Baltimore . Maryland . April 2013
Waterproofing New York The City College of New York’s Spitzer School of Architecture . New York . New York . March 2013
The City That Never Was Architectural League of New York . February 2013
Ecological Cities Washington University Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Design . St. Louis . November 2012
Legacy Cities and Innovative Landscapes ASLA Conference . Phoenix . Arizona . October 2012
Resilient Cities Peking University College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture . Beijing . October 2012
Landscape and City-Making Seoul National University Landscape Architecture Program . Seoul . October 2012
Vacant Land + Detroit: Landscape as Detroit . Michigan . July 2012 Urban Catalyst
Landscape Infrastructure: Systems and Harvard University Graduate School of Design . March 2012 Strategies for Contemporary Urbanization
Energetic Landscapes Envisioning E+ Green Communities Symposium in Boston . March 2012 Landscape Urbanism in Practice University of California College of Environmental Design . Berkeley . March 2012 LABASH . Miami . March 2012 Northeastern University School of Architecture . Boston . February 2012 University of Pennsylvania School of Design . Philadelphia . November 2011 University of Colorado-Denver School of Architecture . Denver . November . 2011 University of Hong Kong Faculty of Architecture . Hong Kong . October 2011 Edinburgh College of Art . Scotland . 2011 Topos Seminar . Krakow . 2010 chris reed 14
Critical Ecologies Introduction ASLA Conference . San Diego . CA . 2011
A Landscape-Based Urbanism Detroit Institute of Arts . Detroit . 2011
Productive Landscapes AIA Detroit Urban Agriculture Symposium . Detroit . 2011
Vehicles for Speculation Irish Landscape Institute . Dublin . 2011
Ecology Agency Urbanism University of Nebraska - Lincoln . College of Architecture . Lincoln . 2011 University of Washington / Now Urbanism Seminars . Seattle . 2010 University of Puerto Rico School of Architecture . San Juan . 2010 Academie van Bouwkunst . Amsterdam . 2010 Architectural Association . London . 2010 Ohio State University . Knowlton School of Architecture . Columbus . 2010 University of Michigan . A. Alfred Taubman College of Architecture + Urban Planning . 2010
Beyond Landscape Canadian Center for Architecture . Montreal . 2009 Harvard Graduate School of Design Lunchbox Series . Cambridge . 2009 Syracuse University School of Architecture . Syracuse . 2009 Rice University School of Architecture . Houston . 2009 University of Georgia College of Environmental Design . Athens . 2009
Stage Staged Staging Symposium in honor of John Dixon Hunt . University of Pennsylvania School of Design . 2009 Hybridized, Expansive, Incomplete University of Waterloo School of Architecture . Ontario . 2009 University of Virginia School of Architecture . Charlottesville . 2009 Illinois Institute of Technology School of Architecture . Chicago . 2008 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven / Architecture, Urbanism + Planning . Belgium . 2008 Florida International University School of Architecture . Miami . 2008
River+City+Life: Metropolitan Ecologies Harvard Graduate School of Design Department of Landscape Architecture . 2008-2009 Harvard Graduate School of Design Department of Urban Planning + Design . 2009 American Society of Landscape Architects Conference . Philadelphia . 2008
Research by Design University of Hannover Faculty of Architecture and Landscape Sciences . Germany . 2008
Shifting Ecologies Urban Waterfronts Conference . Chicago . 2008 Hybridized Practices, Provisional Landscapes Harvard Graduate School of Design . Career Discovery . 2008 Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology . Melbourne . Australia . 2008 SHIFT / NZILA Conference . Auckland . New Zealand . 2008 Pennsylvania State University School of Architecture . State College . 2008 The Architectural League Emerging Voices Series . The New Museum . New York . 2008 Emerging Voices Series . The Building Museum / Catholic University . Washington . 2008 University of Southern California School of Architecture . Los Angeles . 2008
LandscapeInfrastructureUrbanism Questions on Landscape Seminar . Huelva . Spain . 2008
Contingent Landscapes Harvard Graduate School of Design Department of Landscape Architecture . 2006-2008 New School for Social Research Vera List Center . New York . 2006
Performance Practices Ohio State University Knowlton School of Architecture . Columbus . 2008 Otis College of Art + Design . Los Angeles . 2007 University of Pennsylvania School of Design . Philadelphia . 2007 Arizona State University College of Design . Tempe . 2007 University of Houston College of Architecture . Texas . 2007 ArchiTalx . Portland Museum of Art . Maine . 2007 University of Karlsruhe Fakultat fur Architektur . Germany . 2006 University of Hannover Faculty of Architecture and Landscape Sciences . Germany . 2006 University of Toronto Faculty of Architecture Landscape and Design . Canada . 2006 University of Michigan A. Alfred Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning . 2006 University of Arkansas School of Architecture . 2006 Landscapes in Transformation conference . CUIMB . Barcelona . Spain . 2006 chris reed 15
Performance Practices (cont) University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Architecture and Urban Planning . 2006 Detroit Urbanism symposium . Oslo School of Architecture @ University of Michigan . 2006 Harvard Graduate School of Design Department of Urban Design + Planning . 2006 . 2005 Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Department of Architecture . 2005 University of Rhode Island Community Planning + Landscape Architecture Series . 2005
Hybrid Landscapes Biennale of Landscape Urbanism Launching . Bat Yam . Israel . 2007
Public Works Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Architecture . 2007
Landscape Urbanism: Cases + Practices Urban Design Seminar . University of Ulster . Belfast . Northern Ireland . 2006
Water Infrastructures Wisconsin Green Building Council Water Symposium . Milwaukee . Wisconsin . 2005
Civic Ecologies Green Infrastructures for Water in the City . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2005
Public Works Practices University of Rhode Island Community Planning + Landscape Architecture Series . 2005 Auburn University School of Architecture . 2005 Iowa ASLA Annual Conference . Cedar Rapids . Iowa . 2004 Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2003
Ecological Urbanism: The City in Flux ProGreen Conference . Denver . Colorado . 2005
Practices in Landscape Urbanism Boston Society of Architects Conversations on Architecture . 2005 University of Pennsylvania School of Design . 2003 Landscape Urbanism Conference . University of Texas-Austin School of Architecture . 2002 Harvard Graduate School of Design Career Discovery Program . 2002 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Architecture + Urban Planning . 2001 Rhode Island School of Design . 2001
New Frameworks / Contemporary Parks Parks Symposium . Florida International University School of Architecture . 2004 Urban Planning and Development Conference . Taipei . Taiwan . 2004
Remediation in Process Brownfields symposium . Milwaukee . Wisconsin . 2004 Harvard Graduate School of Design Department of Landscape Architecture . 2001
Phyto-Harvesting: New Civic Gardens Metropolis magazine ”Pause Rewind” conference . Build Boston . Massachusetts . 2004 Urbanism in Flux Boston Architectural Center . Boston . Massachusetts . 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Urban Studies + Planning . 2003 Columbia University GSAPP Summer Urban Design Program . 2003 New Urban Geographies . Northeastern University School of Architecture . 2003
Performance Matters Culture and Technology > Limits of Landscape Conference University of Virginia School of Architecture . 2003
Urban Infrastructures Macphail Architectural Collaborative . Belmont . Massachusetts . 2003
Modeling Process Iowa State University Summer in Boston Program . 1997-2000 University of Toronto Landscape Architecture Program Boston Tour . 2000 Harvard Graduate School of Design Career Discovery Program . 1997-1999 Civic Infrastructures University of Pennsylvania Department of Landscape Architecture . 1999 North Carolina State University School of Architecture . 1999
Urban Waterfronts Harvard Graduate School of Design Department of Urban Design . 1999
Water-lands, WaterLineCity Canadian Society of Landscape Architects Congress . Winnipeg . Canada . 1995 ASLA Pennsylvania / Delaware Chapter Conference . Philadelphia . 1995 Desert Waters University of Pennsylvania Department of Landscape Architecture . 1994 chris reed 16
CLASSES TAUGHT
Harvard Graduate School of Design Exploratory Practices . seminar . spring 2016 Harvard Graduate School of Design Landscape Landform Urban Form . core 3 studio . fall 2015 Harvard Graduate School of Design FluxCity . core 4 studio . spring 2011 . spring 2012 . spring 2013 . spring 2014 . spring 2015 Harvard Graduate School of Design Land-scape Land-form Urban-form: Prototyping the City . core 3 studio . fall 2015 Harvard Graduate School of Design Carbon Urbanism . research seminar . fall 2014 Harvard Graduate School of Design California Limnolarium: Experiments in Projective Processing . fall 2013 Harvard Graduate School of Design Recalibrating Infrastructure . research seminar . fall 2009 . fall 2010 . fall 2011 Harvard Graduate School of Design Recalibrating Infrastructure: Network Urbanism in Los Angeles . option studio . spring 2010 University of Pennsylvania Recalibrating Infrastructure . option studio . Metropolitan Phoenix . spring 2009 Harvard Graduate School of Design Mat Ecologies . Massachusetts Military Reservation - Cape Cod, MA . option studio . fall 2008 University of Pennsylvania Mat Ecologies . Massachusetts Military Reservation - Cape Cod, MA . option studio . fall 2007 University of Toronto MAT-SCAPE Regenerative Urbanism . Massachusetts Military Reservation - Cape Cod, MA . option studio . fall 2006 University of Pennsylvania De/generative Urbanism . Georgia-Pacific Mill Site - Fort Bragg, CA . option studio . spring 2006 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee De/generative Urbanism . Port of Milwaukee . option studio . spring 2006 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee De/generative Urbanism . Deindustrialized Milwaukee . research seminar . fall 2005 Harvard Graduate School of Design Site Planning and Design . Waterfront Brownfields . Providence . core 4 studio . spring 2005 University of Pennsylvania Advanced Construction Topics . workshop 4 . 2005 University of Pennsylvania Urban Landscapes . Bayonne, NJ . core studio 2 . 2005 University of Pennsylvania Emergent Urbanism: Metropolitan Miami + the Everglades . option studio . fall 2004 Florida International University Miami River Infrastructures . vertical studio 2+4 . spring 2004 Harvard Graduate School of Design Site Planning and Design . Waterfront Brownfields . Providence . core 4 studio . spring 2003 University of Virginia Eco-technologies: Urban Infrastructure + Natural Systems . workshop . 2003 Rhode Island School of Design Mapping . representation workshop . winter 2003 University of Pennsylvania Landform : Process, Technique, Measure . workshop 2 . 2000, 2001, 2002 Rhode Island School of Design Adaptive Occupations . Metropolitan Boston . advanced studio . fall 2000 University of Pennsylvania Urban Landscapes . Philadelphia . studio 2 . Teaching Assistant . 1995
PANELS + RESPONDENT ROLES
Olmsted’s Legacy : Landscape + The City Boston Futures . BSA Space . Boston . 2015 Airport Landscape: Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2014 Troubled Waters Boston Society of Architects . 2014 Rebuilding Infrastructure Landscape Infrastructure Conference . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2012 A Sustainable Future for the Exumas Harvard Graduate School of Design . Nassau . Bahamas . 2011 Provocations + Practices “Imagining the Landscape.” Harvard Graduate School of Design . w/ Gary Hilderbrand . 2009 History of the Future “Ecology Now.” Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2009 Patterns: Cases in Synthetic Intelligence Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2009 On Conjecture “Provocations on Landscape + Urbanism.” Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2008 On Landscape Urbanism ASLA Conference . Philadelphia . 2008
JURIES
Elevating Erie ideas Competition Design Miami Entry Pavilion Kiley Teaching Fellowship Jury Academie van Bouwkunst Rice University Harvard Innovation Lab Deans’ Design Challenge Columbia University University of Colorado-Denver Veronica Rudge Green Urban Design Prize Edinburgh College of Art University of Hong Kong ASLA Student Awards Florida International University University of Illinois - Chicago Shift Boston, Why Stop Competition Harvard Graduate School of Design University of Illinois - Urbana/Champaigne Transiting Cities, RMIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of Pennsylvania Re-stitch Tampa Competition Northeastern University University of Toronto Radcliffe Institute Public Art Competition Ohio State University University of Virginia Boston Society of Architects Princeton University University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Rhode Island School of Design Yale University
chris reed 17
ACADEMIC COMMITTEES
Practice Platform Committee Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2014-present Daniel Kiley Teaching Fellowship Committee Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2012-present Sensory Media Platform Committee Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2011-present Landscape Admissions Committee Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2010-present Dean’s Design Challenge: Urban Life 2030 Harvard Innovation Lab . Harvard University . 2014 HILT Faculty Advisory Committee Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2013-2015 Penny White Fund Committee Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2012-2014 Piper Curtain Committee Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2011 Studio Curriculum Committee Harvard Graduate School of Design . Landscape Architecture Department . 2009-2011 Plants + Ecology Advisory Committee Harvard Graduate School of Design . Landscape Architecture Department . 2009-2011 Veronica Rudge Green Urban Design Prize Harvard Graduate School of Design . Urban Design Prize Jury . 2009-2010 Chair Search Committee University of Pennsylvania Department of Landscape Architecture Student Rep . 1993-1994
VISITING COMMITTEES . EXTERNAL REVIEWS
Pennsylvania State University School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture . 2009 Florida International University School of Architecture . 2005 - 2006
STUDENT ADVISING
Independent Study Advisor Cannon Ivers . “Space for Change” Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2015 Thesis Advisor McKenna Cole . Master of Landscape Architecture Program . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2013 Independent Study Advisor Tiffany Lau . “The Typology of Nowhere: America’s Downtown Urban Condition” . Harvard Graduate School of Design Thesis Advisor Conor O’Shea . Master of Landscape Architecture Program . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2012 Thesis Advisor Troy Vaughn . Master of Landscape Architecture Program . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2012 Thesis Advisor Jonathan Linkus . “Liminiscape: Leveraging the Reflexive Ecologies of Infrastructure” Master of Architecture in Urban Design Program . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2010-2011 Associated Faculty Master of Design Studies Program . Urbanism, Landscape, Ecology Concentration Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2010 Thesis Advisor Andrew tenBrink . “Agencies of Infrastructure: Staging Ground in the Sacramento Delta” Master of Landscape Architecture Program . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2009-2010 Thesis Advisor Erik Prince . “Ephemeral Crossroads: Landscapes, Highways, Events of the Ogallala Aquifer” Master of Landscape Architecture Program . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2009-2010 Thesis Advisor Scott Bishop . “Mining the Delaware.” Master of Landscape Architecture Program . University of Pennsylvania School of Design . 2005 Thesis Advisor Jill Desimini . “Stitching the Urban Fabric: Resettling the Homestead” University of Pennsylvania School of Design . 2005
STUDENT WORK PUBLISHED
Platform 7 Shahab Al Bahar, Rituparna Simlai, Ken Chongsuwat, Peichen Hao, Eri Yamagata, Yi Lun Yang, Elizabeth Wu, Tzyy-Haur Yeh, Christina Geros, Craig Reschke, Xinjun Gu, Han Yang, Weimao Kong, Bingjie Shi, Nina Phinouwong, Emily Wettstein, McKenna McKetty, Timothy Wei, Sourav Biswas, Flavio Sciaraffia, Xiaoran Du, Yue Shi (GSD) . Core IV: Landscape Architecture . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2014
Projective Ecologies Tomas Folch, Sara Newey, Amna Chaudhry, Lauren McClure, Geneva Wirth (GSD) . GSD / Actar . 2014
Urban Omnibus Jason Brain, Jenny Corlett, Zhewen Dai, Anya Domlesky, Ellen Garrett, Jing Guo, Lauren Hamper, Takuya Iwamura, Justin Jackson, Meng Jia, Difei Ma, Miao Yu, Juan J. Reyna Monrreal, Mikaela S. Pearson, Michele Richmond, Cara Walsh, Andy Wisniewski, (GSD) . Studio Report: Flux City . June 19, 2013 . http://urbanomnibus.net/2013/06/studio-report-flux-city/
Platform 6 Anya Domelsky, Justin Jackson, Jason Brain, Lauren Hamer, Zhewen Dai, Takuya Iwamura (GSD) . Core IV: Landscape Architecture . 1212 Core Studio . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2013 McKenna Cole (GSD) . Infrastructural Ecologies . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2013 chris reed 18
Platform 5 Ellen Garrett, Kunkuook Bae, Taehyung Park, Chuhan Zhang, Yizhou Xu (GSD) . “Flux” . 1212 Core Studio . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2012
Representing Landscapes: A Visual Geneva Wirth (GSD) . Kelly Nelson (UToronto) . Tomas Folch, Sara Newey, Amna Chaudhry, Collection of Landscape Architecture Lauren McClure (GSD) . ed Nadia Amoroso . Taylor & Francis / Routledge . 2012 Drawings
Rotterdam Architectural Biennial Dec 06, 2011. Chen Chen (MLA1 ‘13) selected for 2012 Rotterdam Architecture Biennial Willets Point, Delta City, “Smart Cities” exhibition.
Landscape Archtecture China Andrew tenBrink . “Staging Ground: the Agency of Infrastructure” . Thesis - 2009-2010 . Harvard Graduate School of Design . No.4 . 2011
Platform 4 Irene Toselli . “Flux City” . 1212 Core Studio . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2011
Places (online) Dorothy Tang . Ecologies of Gold: The Past and Future Mining Landscapes of Johannesburg . Feb 2011 . http://places.designobserver.com/slideshow.html?view=1618&entry=25008&slide =4#slide
ELA / Korea Geneva Wirth . “Disturbance Ecology.” Mat Ecologies . Massachusetts Military Reservation . Fall 2008 studio . vol. 274 . 2011
Platform 3 Andrew tenBrink . “Staging Ground: Structural Logistics and Ecological Infrastructure in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta.” Thesis - 2009-2010 . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2010 Erik Prince . “Ephemeral Crossroads . The National Ogallala Aquifer Trail: In Index // An Impetus.” Thesis - 2009-2010 . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2010
Platform 2 Studio: Mat Ecologies . Geneva Wirth . Chris Tuccio . Mat Ecologies . Massachusetts Military Reservation . Fall 2008 studio . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2009
CONFERENCES PUBLISHED
Platform 3 Critical Ecologies . Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2010
EXHIBITED WORK
Shanghai Urban Space and Art Season Group show featuring The Plaza at Harvard . Shanghai Municipal Administration of Planning and Land Resources and Shanghai Municipal Administration of Culture, Radio, Film and Television . 2015
East Lansing 2030 Collegeville Re-Envisioned . featuring “Carbon Nests” Eli & Edythe Broad Museum . East Lansing . MI . 2014
Grounded Visionaries Group show featuring The Plaza at Harvard University Cambridge . MA . 2014
International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam Detroit Future City . Rotterdam . Netherlands . 2014
Architecture Boston Expo Photo Exhibit Group show featuring The Plaza at Harvard University and The CityDeck Boston Convention Center . Boston . MA . 2013
Città Parlanti Group show featuring Fox Riverfront and The CityDeck Bologna . Italy . 2013
Airport Landscape: Group show featuring Taichung Gateway Park Urban Ecologies in the Aerial Age Harvard University Graduate School of Design . Cambridge . MA . 2013
Composite Landscapes: Group show. Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum . Boston . MA . 2013 Photomontage and Landscape Architecture
Cartographic Grounds Group show featuring The Plaza at Harvard University, Taichung Gateway Park, and Erie Street Plaza Harvard University Graduate School of Design . Cambridge . MA . 2013 chris reed 19
Foreclosed: Re-housing the American Group show featuring collaborative work; part of MOS team Dream Museum of Modern Art . New York . 2012
Re-Cycle: Strategies for Architecture, Curatorial Co-advisor on Detroit and New York City, and Planet MAXXI National Museum of XXI Century Arts . Rome . 2011-2012
Material Landscapes Group show featuring Erie Street Plaza and The CityDeck Sheldon Art Galleries . St. Louis . 2011-2012
Stoss Praxis Solo show featuring The CityDeck and Erie Street Plaza University of Colorado School of Architecture . Denver . 2011 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . Champaign . Illinois . 2011
Miejska Przestrzen Publiczna / Group traveling show featuring The CityDeck Urban Public Spaces Topos + Stowarzyszenie Architektury Krajobrazu (SAK) . Warsaw . Poland . 2011 Topos + Stowarzyszenie Architektury Krajobrazu (SAK) . Rzeszów . Poland . 2010 Topos + Stowarzyszenie Architektury Krajobrazu (SAK) . Lublin . Lithuania . 2010 Topos + Stowarzyszenie Architektury Krajobrazu (SAK) . Krakow . Poland . 2010
Urban Interventions Group show featuring Safe Zone and Perkins Park Boston Society of Architects Gallery . Boston . 2010
Public Works Solo show featuring original installation, Safe Zone, and Stock-pile Boston Architectural College . Boston . 2010
Actions in the City Group show featuring safety materials from Safe Zone and Perkins Park Graham Foundation . Chicago . 2009-2010 Canadian Centre for Architecture . Montreal . 2008-2009
Patterns: Cases in Synthetic Intelligence Group show featuring Bass River Park Harvard University Graduate School of Design . Cambridge . 2009
Stoss Works Progress Solo show featuring The CityDeck and Erie Street Plaza University of Colorado College of Architecture and Planning . 2007 Pennsylvania State University School of Architecture + Landscape Architecture . 2006
Build Boston Juried group show featuring various projects. Fox Riverfront . Boston . Massachusetts . 2006 Safe Zone . Jardins de Metis . Boston . Massachusetts . 2006 Sugar House Crossing . Boston . Massachusetts . 2003 Adelphi University Student Plazas . Boston . Massachusetts . 2003 Post Office Square . Boston . Massachusetts . 2003 Papago Trail . Boston . Massachusetts . 2002 Brookline Pool Garden . Boston . Massachusetts . 2002
Stoss Public Works Practices Solo show featuring numerous projects Florida International University School of Architecture . Miami . 2004
Progressive Architecture Awards Exhibit Group show featuring Silresim Superfund Redevelopment Study Van Alen Institute . New York . New York . 2004 Stoss Currents Solo show featuring Riverside Park Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2003
BSLA Awards Exhibit Group shows featuring various projects. Riverside Park . Boston . Massachusetts . 2003 Brookline Pool Garden . Boston . Massachusetts . 2000
Brownfields 2002 Group show featuring Riverside Park and Silresim Superfund Redevelopment Study Brownfields Conference . Charlotte . North Carolina . 2002
Brownfields and Graywaters Group show featuring Silresim Superfund Redevelopment Study Harvard Graduate School of Design . 2001 chris reed 20
Designed Landscape Forum 1 Group show featuring Wet Garden / Sevcenko Residence San Francisco Museum of Modern Art . San Francisco . California . 1996
CSLA Congress 95 Group show featuring WaterLineCity and Water-lands Congress 95 Exhibit . Winnipeg . Manitoba . 1995
Competition Exhibitions Group shows featuring finalist competition projects Dallas Connected City . Dallas Museum of Art . Dallas . Texas . 2013 Taichung Gateway Park . Taichung City Hall . Taichung . Taiwan . 2012 Minneapolis Riverfront . Walker Art Center . Minneapolis . Minnesota . 2011 Lower Don Lands . Toronto . Canada . 2007 Erie Street Plaza . University of Wisconsin School of Architecture . Milwaukee . 2006 Civic Exchange . Van Alen Institute . New York . 2005 NYC2012 Olympic Village . Grand Central Station . New York . 2004 Mt. Tabor Reservoirs . Portland . Oregon . 2003 Queens Plaza . Van Alen Institute . New York . 2002 Papago Trail . Phoenix . Scottsdale . Tempe . 2002 Ideas Afloat / David’s Island . College of New Rochelle . New York . 1997
PROJECT DESIGN / PLANNING / MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE
West Louisville Food Port . Louisville . Kentucky Dubai Creek Harbour . Dubai . UAE Coldbrook Riverfront . Grand Rapids . Michigan Get Sunflowered . Installation . Melbourne . Australia Niagara Street Green Streets . Buffalo . New York Pittsburgh Eco-Innovation District . Pittsburgh . Pennsylvania Back to the RIver . London . Ontario . Canada Jack Layton Ferry Terminal and Harbour Square Park . Toronto . Ontario . Canada Matthews Southwest Water Gardens . Dallas . Texas Boston 2024 Beach Volleyball Park . Boston . Massachusetts Trinity Riverfront . Dallas . Texas 11th Street Bridge Park . Washington . DC Grand Rapids Downtown + Riverfront Master Plan . Grand Rapids . Michigan Plaza at Bay + Scollard . Toronto . ON . Canada Qatar Foundation Visitor Center . Education City . Doha . Qatar Genesee Streetscape . Buffalo . New York The Plaza at Harvard University. Harvard University . Cambridge . Massachusetts Eda U. Gerstacker Grove at University of Michigan . Ann Arbor . Michigan University Avenue . Atlanta. Georgia Fisherman’s Memorial Park. New Bedford. Massachusetts Inspiration Port Credit . Mississauga . Ontario . Canada MIT NW Campus District Planning Study . Cambridge . Massachusetts Khalifa Avenue Wajbah Memorial Park . Doha . Qatar The CityDeck . Green Bay . Wisconsin Genesee Streetscape . Buffalo . New York BMW FIZ Future . Munich . Germany Water Institute . New Orleans . Louisiana Custom House Square . New Bedford . Massachusetts Movement on Main: Light Play! . Syracuse . New York Sugar Hill Arts District Public Art Plan . Detroit . Michigan Sweeney Playground . Boston . Massachusetts Erie Street Plaza . Milwaukee. Wisconsin Detroit Future City . Detroit . Michigan Satamalahti Competition . Mikkeli . Finland North Park . Hartford . Connecticut Common Spaces Interim Landscape . Harvard University . Cambridge . Massachusetts Huangpu Riverfront . Shanghai . China Avery Street Revitilization Plan . Boston . Massachusetts Taichung Gateway Park . Taichung . Taiwan Mill River District Master Plan . New Haven . Connecticut chris reed 21
Sugar Hill Arts District Public Art Plan . Detroit . Michigan Dolphin Söğütözü Office Project . Ankara . Turkey German Automobile Showroom Re-conceptualization . multiple sites . Germany Maritime Culture and Pop Music Center . Kaohsiung . Taiwan Minneapolis Riverfront . Minneapolis . Minnesota Gloucester Harborwalk . Gloucester . Massachusetts First Parliament Commemorative Park . Toronto . Ontario . Canada Laaglandpark . Antwerp . Belgium WW1 Remembrance Park . Flanders . Belgium Stock-pile . Radcliffe Yard Garden . Cambridge . Massachusetts Appleton Mills ArtYard . Lowell . Massachusetts Thoreau Path . Boston . Massachusetts Dubai Promenade . Dubai . United Arab Emirates Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum . Boston . Massachusetts River City Neighbourhood . Toronto . Ontario . Canada New Canaan Village Center . New Canaan . Connecticut Bass River Park . Dennis . Cape Cod . Massachusetts Harvard University Art Center . Boston . Massachusetts Allegheny Square . Pittsburgh . Pennsylvania Lower Don Lands . Toronto . Ontario . Canada Fox Riverfront Master Plan . Green Bay . Wisconsin Safe Zone . Grand-Métis . Québec . Canada Harvard-Allston Interim Landscapes . Boston . Massachusetts Dartmouth College Dining Hall . Hanover . New Hampshire Farlin Park . Green Bay . Wisconsin Mediterranean Improv Urban Space . Bat Yam . Israel Central Oneida Green Infrastructures . Oneida . Wisconsin Perkins Park . Somerville . Massachusetts Nankang Depot Joint Development . Taipei . Taiwan Andrew Young Memorial Park . Atlanta . Georgia East Darling Waterfront . Sydney . Australia Readville Brownfields Redevelopment . Boston . Massachusetts Nankang Depot Stormwater Park . Taipei . Taiwan Eco-Lab . Somerville. Massachusetts Cook Landscape . Duxbury . Massachusetts Civic Exchange . Battery Park . Lower Manhattan . New York NYC2012 Olympic Village . Queens . New York Mystic Gateway . Somerville . Massachusetts Perkins House Landscape . Brookline . Massachusetts Calumet Environmental Center . Chicago . Illinois Mt. Tabor Reservoir and Park . Portland . Oregon Sugar House Crossing . Salt Lake City . Utah Post Office Square . Wellesley . Massachusetts Lower Falls Riverway . Wellesley . Massachusetts Newton-Wellesley Hospital . Newton . Massachusetts Adelphi University Master Plan . Garden City . New York Adelphi University Student Center . Garden City . New York New England House . Western New England Terraces at Albany-Fellows . Boston . Massachusetts Papago Trail . Phoenix-Scottsdale-Tempe . Arizona Silresim Superfund Redevelopment Study . Lowell . Massachusetts Austin TXDOT . Austin . Texas East Pond Park . Lowell . Massachusetts Riverside Park . New Bedford . Massachusetts Thornton Garden Drive . New Bedford . Massachusetts Johnson Cultural Center Garden . New Bedford . Massachusetts Arsenal Street Urban Design Study . Watertown . Massachusetts Walnut Street Pedestrian Park . Watertown . Massachusetts Queens Plaza . New York . New York Courthouse Plaza . Lexington . Kentucky Highway Landscapes . New Bedford . Massachusetts 13 Acres Schoolyard . Vancouver . British Columbia . Canada Waterfront Community and Open Space . Falmouth . Massachusetts chris reed 22
Pool Garden . Brookline . Massachusetts Wet Garden . Cambridge . Massachusetts David’s Island . New Rochelle . New York with other firms (select): Clinton Presidential Center and Park . Little Rock . Arkansas Main Street . University of Cincinnati . Ohio Waterfront Park . Louisville . Kentucky Drexel University Master Plan . Philadelphia . Pennsylvania New Bedford Harbor Public Access Study . Massachusetts Campus Life Study . University of Cincinnati . Ohio University of Cincinnati Master Plan 2001 . Cincinnati . Ohio Sigma Sigma Amphitheater . University of Cincinnati . Ohio Campus Green . University of Cincinnati . Ohio McMicken Commons . University of Cincinnati . Ohio Center for Environmental Sciences . SUNY . Albany . New York University Commons . University of Cincinnati . Ohio La Terre en Marche . Chaumont-sur-Loire . France New Bedford Aquarium . New Bedford . Massachusetts St.-Michel Environmental Complex . Montreal . Quebec . Canada Exploration Place Waterfront Park . Wichita . Kansas