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Working with a Changing Climate a Guide to Adaptation in the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB What the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Does for Us

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Working with a Changing Climate a Guide to Adaptation in the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB What the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Does for Us Working with a Changing Climate A guide to adaptation in the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB What the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley does for us This special landscape: • Is a home for people and various species of flora and fauna • Supports the economy, including farming and tourism • Provides food, fuel and materials from its fields, forests and quarries • Provides local water supplies and helps to manage flood risk • Helps to regulate the local climate and provide a clean, healthy atmosphere • Contributes to a strong sense of place for local communities and visitors • Provides opportunities for leisure, recreation, exercise, enjoyment, health and wellbeing for all • Is a physical record of our cultural heritage Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Working with a Changing Climate 3 Introduction The natural beauty of the Clwydian Range and Dee The designation of the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley as an Valley AONB must be conserved and enhanced, but AONB means that its natural beauty must be conserved and it is also a living and working landscape which is enhanced. It is, however, also a living and working landscape continuing to change over time. Climate change is which provides vital resources and services within the AONB and to the surrounding area. having an increasing influence on the area and we need to take action to adapt. This guide aims to help The Clwydian Range and Dee Valley has evolved over time, those working and living in the area to do just that. shaped by geological forces, climate and human activity, and this evolution is ongoing. Cimate change is expected to have a major Setting the scene influence in the coming decades, and we need to manage this process, taking action to adapt to the impacts and make the best of the opportunities. The Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is the dramatic upland frontier of north Wales, embracing some of the UK’s most wonderful countryside. Purpose of this guide The Clwydian Range is an unmistakeable chain of purple heather- This guide has been designed to help those working and living clad summits, topped by Britain’s most strikingly situated hillforts. in and around the AONB to understand the potential effects of a changing climate and take action to adapt. It is not a statement of Beyond the windswept Horseshoe Pass, over Llantysilio mountain, policy, but sets out a range of issues and options for discussion lies the glorious Dee Valley with historic Llangollen, a famous and consideration. market town rich in cultural and industrial heritage. It is aimed primarily at a professional audience, but it is hoped Offa’s Dyke Path traverses this specially protected area, one of that the information provided will also be interesting and useful for the least discovered yet most welcoming and easiest to explore of other residents, local businesses and community groups. Britain’s finest landscapes. Introduction How the climate Impacts on Adapting to Farmers and land Forestry and Planners and Residents and Further is changing the AONB change managers woodland managers policymakers businesses information 4 Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Working with a Changing Climate Heather Moorland on Moel Famau. Denbighshire Countryside Services. Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Working with a Changing Climate 5 How the climate is changing Although the global climate has been relatively Recent changes stable for thousands of years, recent extreme weather events and longer-term trends suggest Global average temperatures have increased over the last century it is now changing due to human activity. Climate and the 10 warmest years since records began have all occurred in change is expected to continue, causing hotter, the last 16 years. Sea-levels are also rising by around 3mm per year. drier summers, warmer wetter winters, more extreme weather and sea-level rise in Wales and Numerous records have been broken for extreme weather in the rest of Britain. recent years. The UK’s wettest summer in 100 years and wettest autumn since records began were in 2012 and the highest temperatures ever recorded were during the 2003 heatwave. In December 2013, the highest storm surge in sixty years caused Historic climate flooding along the North Wales coast. Wales has a maritime climate, with weather that is mild and often Future projections cloudy, windy and wet. Although the climate in Wales and the rest of the world has been relatively stable for the last 10,000 years, Recent changes in the global climate have been linked to increasing there have been periods of extreme change in the past. atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. This is largely due to human activity, such as burning fossil 350 million years ago, warm tropical seas covered the land, fuels, deforestation, peatland drainage and some farming practices. depositing the limestone found in the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley. 100 million years later, Wales had a desert climate, while the Global climate change is is projected to continue, causing hotter, valleys of the AONB were carved out by glacial movement during a drier summers, warmer, wetter winters, more extreme weather, series of ice ages, the most recent of which ended around14,000 drought, heatwaves, heavier rainfall, and accelerating sea-level rise years ago. in Wales and the rest of Britain over coming decades. Introduction How the climate Impacts on Adapting to Farmers and land Forestry and Planners and Residents and Further is changing the AONB change managers woodland managers policymakers businesses information 1 2 3 Impacts on the AONB and surrounding areas 4 5 6 The impacts of climate change could include: 1. Flooding 2. Drought and heatwaves 3. Erosion, landslip and loss of soil 4. Pollution of watercourses 5. Wildfires 6. Changes to habitats and species 7. Effects on crops, livestock and forestry 8. Damage to buildings and infrastructure 7 8 9 9. Effects on the health and wellbeing of people Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Working with a Changing Climate 7 Impacts on the AONB and surrounding areas Changing weather patterns and sea-level rise • Along the coast, sea-level rise and coastal storms could will have a direct impact on all parts of the increase flood risk and erosion Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB and the • The local climate could become less suitable for some habitats surrounding area. There could be positive and and species, while upwards and northwards migration could negative consequences, depending on how we bring other species into parts of the AONB respond. • The timing of seasonal events could change, including flowering, breeding and migration, which could affect synchronisation between species and important events like pollination • Agriculture and forestry could face changing yields, increased risks of pests and diseases, and damage from flooding, Direct impacts of changing weather drought and storms patterns and sea-level rise • The types of food we have access to could change, and prices and availability could be affected for example by damage to All parts of the AONB and surrounding areas could be affected by crops or disruption of supply chains the direct impacts of changing weather patterns and sea-level rise. There could be positive and negative consequences, depending in • Extreme weather could affect the health and wellbeing of part on how we respond. For example: communities and damage buildings and infrastructure, but milder winters could reduce cold-related deaths • Long periods of dry weather could lead to drought, reduced flows in rivers and streams, drier soil, and wildfires The actions that we take to respond to climate change could also • At other times of year heavier rainfall and storms could have an impact on the AONB and surrounding areas. These are increase the risk of flooding, erosion and landslip considered in the following section. Introduction How the climate Impacts on Adapting to Farmers and land Forestry and Planners and Residents and Further is changing the AONB change managers woodland managers policymakers businesses information d LEGEND x m . 2 Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB Boundary L C _ y r o s Prestatyn n Visual and Sensory Classification Level 2 e S l a u s Exposed Upland / Plateau i Rhyl V _ P A d LEGEND M x AdaptingUpland Valleys to change D m . N 2 A Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB Boundary L L C _ d d LLEEGGEENNDD _ 7 x x y 1 r Hills, Lower Plateau and Scarp Slopes m m _ o . 4 s 2 2 Prestatyn 9 CCllwwyyddiiaann RRaannggee aanndd DDeeee VVaallleeyy AAOONNBB BBoouunnddaarryy n The priorities for adaptation will be different in L L Visual and Sensory Classification Level 2 3 e C C 3 d LEGEND \ S _ _ l x s y y t a r r m c Lowland Valleys u . o o different parts of the landscape: s e 2 Exposed Upland / Plateau s s j i Rhyl PPrreessttaattyynn Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB Boundary L n n o VViissuuaall aanndd SSeennssoorryy CCllaassssiiffiiccaattiioonn LLeevveell 22 V r e e C _ P _ S S \ P l l y s St Asaph a a A i r u u g o Rolling Lowlands M s s s 8 Prestatyn EExxppoosseedd UUppllaanndd // PPllaatteeaauu i i \ • RollingUpland Vlowlandsalleys and coastal areas D n RRhhyyll Visual and Sensory Classification Level 2 V V e e N _ _ g S A n l P P L a a Flint A A _ h u M M 7 s FElaxt pLooswelda nUdp /la Lnedv e/ lPslateau C i 1 Rhyl UUppllaanndd VVaallleeyyss D D • UplandHills, Low eareasr Plateau and Scarp Slopes V _ e t N N _ 4 a A A P 9 L L 3 m A i _ _ l 3 \ M 7 7 C s Inland Water Upland Valleys 1 1 D t HHiilllss,, LLoowweerr PPllaatteeaauu aanndd SSccaarrpp
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