CRITICAL CONSTANTS References
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Use of Bismuth Compounds for the Manufacture of Medicaments for The
Europäisches Patentamt *EP000805815B1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 0 805 815 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.7: A61K 33/24, C07F 9/94, of the grant of the patent: A61K 49/04 10.04.2002 Bulletin 2002/15 (86) International application number: (21) Application number: 96901066.9 PCT/GB96/00183 (22) Date of filing: 26.01.1996 (87) International publication number: WO 96/22994 (01.08.1996 Gazette 1996/35) (54) Use of bismuth compounds for the manufacture of medicaments for the treatment of gastric disorders caused by Helicobacter pylori Verwendung von WISMUTVERBINDUNGEN zur Herstellung eines Arzneimittels zur Behandlung von Magenverstimmungen, die durch Helicobacter pylori verursacht werden Utilisation de COMPOSES DE BISMUTH pour la fabrication de médicaments pour le traitement de troubles gastriques associées avec Helicobacter pylori (84) Designated Contracting States: EP-A- 0 480 691 EP-A- 0 716 091 DE DK ES FR GB IE IT SE WO-A-91/03241 WO-A-93/02713 WO-A-95/06053 WO-A-96/16677 (30) Priority: 26.01.1995 GB 9501560 WO-A-96/16678 BE-A- 782 105 07.06.1995 US 486225 DE-A- 2 216 725 (43) Date of publication of application: • TETRAHEDRON LETT. (TELEAY,00404039);94; 12.11.1997 Bulletin 1997/46 VOL.35 (44); PP.8197-200, KYOTO UNIV.;FAC. SCI.; KYOTO; 606-01; JAPAN (JP), SUZUKI H ET (73) Proprietor: NYCOMED IMAGING A/S AL ’Ultrasonic reaction of triarylbismuthines 0401 Oslo (NO) and triarylstibines with iodosylbenzene. Mild oxidizing ability of the organobismuth oxide (72) Inventors: function for organic substrates’ • KLAVENESS, Jo • DATABASE CHEMABS CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS N-1166 Oslo (NO) SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US ASTHANA A • BERG, Arne ’Reactions of triphenyl antimony, bismuth and N-1300 Sandvika (NO) their dibromides with pentachlorophenol and • ALMEN, Torsten pentachlorothiophenol’ & INDIAN J. -
United States Patent (19) ’11) 4,095,037 Stapp 45) June 13, 1978
United States Patent (19) ’11) 4,095,037 Stapp 45) June 13, 1978 54 METHOD FOR THE oxIDATION OF A 56) References Cited CONJUGATED DOLEFN U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,238,225 3/1966 Brill................................ 260/346.1 (75) Inventor: Paul R. Stapp, Bartlesville, Okla. 3,432,558 3/1969 Ryland ................................. 260/604 3,670,014 6/1972 Fernholz .......................... 260/497 A 73 Assignee: Phillips Petroleum Company, 3,755,423 8/1973 Onoda .............................. 260/497 A. Bartlesville, Okla. 3,922,300 11/1975 Onoda .............................. 260/497. A Primary Examiner-James O. Thomas, Jr. 21 Appl. No.: 721,645 Assistant Examiner-Michael Shippen 22 Filed: Sep. 8, 1976 57 ABSTRACT A conjugated diolefin is reacted with a carboxylic acid, (51) Int, C.’......................... CO7C 67/05; B01J 23/16 a carboxylic acid anhydride, or a mixture thereof, in the (52) U.S.C. .................................... 560/246; 260/410; presence of oxygen and a catalyst comprising a com 260/410.6; 260/465.4; 560/1; 560/106; pound of bismuth, an alkali metal compound and a 560/112; 560/122; 560/228; 560/230; 252/438 source of nitrate ion. 58 Field of Search ........... 260/497 R, 497 A, 476 R, 260/410, 40.6, 465.4, 468 R, 487 11 Claims, No Drawings 4,095,037 1. METHOD FOR THE OXDATION OF A . R. R. R. 1) CONJUGATED DOLEFN C-CEC as R. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a method suitable for the In said formula (1), R- is selected from the group oxidation of a conjugated diolefin. In another aspect, consisting of H-, F-, CL-, Br-, -, -CsN, the invention relates to a composition useful as a cata lyst. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,117,412 Klaveness Et Al
USOO6117412A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,117,412 Klaveness et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Sep. 12, 2000 54) NON-CLUSTER TYPE BISMUTH 5,417,958 5/1995 Deutsch et al. ........................ 424/9.42 COMPOUNDS 5,482,669 1/1996 Shah. 5,482,700 1/1996 Deutsch et al.. 75 Inventors: Jo Klaveness, Oslo; Ame Berg, 5,730,953 3/1998 Suzuki et al. .......................... 424/9.42 Sandvika, both of Norway; Torsten 5,817,289 10/1998 Klaveness et al. .................... 424/1.11 Almen, Falstorbo, Sweden; Klaes FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Golman, Rungsted Kyst, Denmark; 809388 5/1974 Belgium. Michael Droege, Livermore; Shi-bao O O217 577 Yu, Campbell, both of Calif. A2 9/1986 European Pat. Off.. O 230 893 A2 1/1987 European Pat. Off.. 73 Assignee: Nycomed Imaging AS, Norway O 445 743 A2 9/1991 European Pat. Off.. 0 480 691 A2 4/1992 European Pat. Off.. * Notice: This patent is Subject to a terminal dis O OS33 281 claimer. A1 9/1992 European Pat. Off.. 0 716 091 A1 8/1994 European Pat. Off.. 21 Appl. No.: 08/875,305 2216725 10/1973 Germany. 63-225381 9/1988 Japan. 22 PCT Filed: Jan. 26, 1996 81/7456 4/1983 South Africa. 86 PCT No.: PCT/GB9600183 1003685 9/1965 United Kingdom. 1341331 12/1973 United Kingdom. S371 Date: Oct. 22, 1997 2 248 185 1/1992 United Kingdom. 2 262 036 6/1993 United Kingdom. S 102(e) Date: Oct. 22, 1997 WO 89/00557 1/1989 WIPO. WO 89/03219 4/1989 WIPO. -
Gas Conversion Factor for 300 Series
300GasTable Rec # Gas Symbol GCF Density (g/L) Density (g/L) 25° C / 1 atm 0° C / 1 atm 1 Acetic Acid C2H4F2 0.4155 2.7 2.947 2 Acetic Anhydride C4H6O3 0.258 4.173 4.555 3 Acetone C3H6O 0.3556 2.374 2.591 4 Acetonitryl C2H3N 0.5178 1.678 1.832 5 Acetylene C2H2 0.6255 1.064 1.162 6 Air Air 1.0015 1.185 1.293 7 Allene C3H4 0.4514 1.638 1.787 8 Ammonia NH3 0.7807 0.696 0.76 9 Argon Ar 1.4047 1.633 1.782 10 Arsine AsH3 0.7592 3.186 3.478 11 Benzene C6H6 0.3057 3.193 3.485 12 Boron Trichloride BCl3 0.4421 4.789 5.228 13 Boron Triflouride BF3 0.5431 2.772 3.025 14 Bromine Br2 0.8007 6.532 7.13 15 Bromochlorodifluoromethane CBrClF2 0.3684 6.759 7.378 16 Bromodifluoromethane CHBrF2 0.4644 5.351 5.841 17 Bromotrifluormethane CBrF3 0.3943 6.087 6.644 18 Butane C4H10 0.2622 2.376 2.593 19 Butanol C4H10O 0.2406 3.03 3.307 20 Butene C4H8 0.3056 2.293 2.503 21 Carbon Dioxide CO2 0.7526 1.799 1.964 22 Carbon Disulfide CS2 0.616 3.112 3.397 23 Carbon Monoxide CO 1.0012 1.145 1.25 24 Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 0.3333 6.287 6.863 25 Carbonyl Sulfide COS 0.668 2.456 2.68 26 Chlorine Cl2 0.8451 2.898 3.163 27 Chlorine Trifluoride ClF3 0.4496 3.779 4.125 28 Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 0.2614 4.601 5.022 29 Chlorodifluoroethane C2H3ClF2 0.3216 4.108 4.484 30 Chloroform CHCl3 0.4192 4.879 5.326 31 Chloropentafluoroethane C2ClF5 0.2437 6.314 6.892 32 Chloropropane C3H7Cl 0.308 3.21 3.504 33 Cisbutene C4H8 0.3004 2.293 2.503 34 Cyanogen C2N2 0.4924 2.127 2.322 35 Cyanogen Chloride ClCN 0.6486 2.513 2.743 36 Cyclobutane C4H8 0.3562 2.293 2.503 37 Cyclopropane C3H6 0.4562 -
Itetall IC BROMIDES AS CATALYSTS in THE
QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF ;itETALL IC BROMIDES AS CATALYSTS IN THE FRIED.liL-CRAFTS KETONE SYNTHESIS i QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF MET ALLIC BROMIDES AS CATAL YSTS IN THE FRIEDEL-CRAFTS KETONE SYNTHESIS By Peter Taketoshi M,, ori Bachelor of .Arts Park College Parkville, Missouri 1945 Submitted to the Department of Chemistry Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the r equirement for t he Degree of Master of Science 194'~ ii \ APPROVED BY: Chairman, Thesis Committee Head of the Department ~he~ ( ~uate~~ School 2174~10 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wis hes to express his s i neere gr atitude to Dr . O. C. Dermer under whose guidance t his work has been accomplished . He also wi s hes to express hi s a ppreciation to the Chemi stry Department for t he s uppl y of chemicals used. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS "P age Introduction • • l Historical • • • • 2 Experimental • • • • 5 Procadure • • • • • • • • 9 Table of results . • • • • • • • 12 Discussion of results • .. • • • • • • 15 Summary • • • • • • • • 22 Bibliography • • • • • • • • • • 23 Biography • • • • • • • • • • • 25 1 I NTRODCCT ION T~lis is a continuation of the s t udy of catalystf for the Friedel Crafts ketone synt hesis star ted by Wilson ( .38 ), a nd continued by Suguj. tan (34), Johnson (17), and Billme ier (4). Ma ny metallic chlorides have been used in t his reacti on, but metallic bromides, as cat alyst s, have been rather neelected . It is the purpose of this work to study the ef fectiveness of some of the metallic bromides by following essentially the experimental pro cedure of Billmeier (4). 2 HISTORICAL In 1877, the French chemist Friedel and his American colleague Crafts (12) discovered the f amous Friedel-Crafts reaction, which now has s uch great industrial a pplication (7 , 13, 18, 35). -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,911,640 B2 Nappa Et Al
USOO891. 1640B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,911,640 B2 Nappa et al. (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 16, 2014 (54) COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING 5,736,063 A 4/1998 Richard et al. FLUOROOLEFNS AND USES THEREOF 5,744,052 A 4/1998 Bivens 5,788,886 A 8, 1998 Minor et al. 5,897.299 A * 4/1999 Fukunaga ..................... 417.316 (71) Applicant: E I du Pont de Nemours and 5,969,198 A 10/1999 Thenappan et al. Company, Wilmington, DE (US) 6,053,008 A 4/2000 Arman et al. 6,065.305 A 5/2000 Arman et al. (72) Inventors: Mario Joseph Nappa, Newark, DE 6,076,372 A 6/2000 Acharya et al. 6,111,150 A 8/2000 Sakyu et al. (US); Barbara Haviland Minor, Elkton, 6,176,102 B1 1/2001 Novak et al. MD (US); Allen Capron Sievert, 6,258,292 B1 7/2001 Turner Elkton, MD (US) 6,300,378 B1 10/2001 Tapscott 6.426,019 B1 7/2002 Acharya et al. (73) Assignee: E I du Pont de Nemours and 6,610,250 B1 8, 2003 Tuma Company, Wilmington, DE (US) 6,858,571 B2 2/2005 Pham et al. 6,969,701 B2 11/2005 Singh et al. 7,708,903 B2 5, 2010 Sievert et al. *) Notice: Subject to anyy disclaimer, the term of this 8,012,368 B2 9/2011 Nappa et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 8,070,976 B2 12/2011 Nappa et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. -
5.157 TABLE 5.29 Van Der Waals' Constants for Gases the Van Der
DEAN #37261 (McGHP) RIGHT INTERACTIVE top of rh PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.157 base of rh cap height TABLE 5.29 Van der Waals’ Constants for Gases base of text The van der Waals’ equation of state for a real gas is: na2 ͩͪP ϩ (V Ϫ nb) ϭ nRT for n moles V2 where P is the pressure, V the volume (in liters per mole ϭ 0.001 m3 per mole in the SI system), T the temperature (in degrees Kelvin), n the amount of substance (in moles), and R the gas constant. To use the values of a and b in the table, P must be expressed in the same units as in the gas constant. Thus, the pressure of a standard atmosphere may be expressed in the SI system as follows: 1 atm ϭ 101,325 N · mϪ2 ϭ 101,325 Pa ϭ 1.01325 bar The appropriate value for the gas constant is: 0.083 144 1 L · bar · KϪ1 · molϪ1 or 0.082 056 L · atm · KϪ1 · molϪ1 The van der Waals’ constants are related to the critical temperature and pressure, tc and Pc, in Table 6.5 by: 27 RT22 RT a ϭ ccand b ϭ 64 Pcc8 P Substance a,L2 · bar · molϪ2 b,L·molϪ1 Acetaldehyde 11.37 0.08695 Acetic acid 17.71 0.1065 Acetic anhydride 26.8 0.157 Acetone 16.02 0.1124 Acetonitrile 17.89 0.1169 Acetyl chloride 12.80 0.08979 Acetylene 4.516 0.05218 Acrylic acid 19.45 0.1127 Acrylonitrile 18.37 0.1222 Allene 8.235 0.07467 Allyl alcohol 15.17 0.1036 Aluminum trichloride 42.63 0.2450 2-Aminoethanol 7.616 0.0431 Ammonia 4.225 0.03713 Ammonium chloride 2.380 0.00734 Aniline 29.14 0.1486 Antimony tribromide 42.08 0.1658 Argon 1.355 0.03201 Arsenic trichloride 17.23 0.1039 Arsine 6.327 0.06048 Benzaldehyde 30.30 0.1553 Benzene 18.82 -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,596,206 B2 Lee (45) Date of Patent: *Jul
USOO6596206B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,596,206 B2 Lee (45) Date of Patent: *Jul. 22, 2003 (54) GENERATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS AENESSING FOCUSED WO WO OO/37169O542314 6/20007/1998 (75) Inventor: partson-Hui Lee, Mountain View, W W s: 2: OTHER PUBLICATIONS (73) Assignee: Picoliter Inc., Sunnyvale, CA (US) Debenedetti et al. (1993), “Application of Supercritical Fluids for the Production of Sustained Delivery Devices.” (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Journal of Controlled Release 24:27–44. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Tom et al. (1991), “Formation of Bioerodible Polymeric U.S.C. 154(b) by 14 days. Microspheres and Microparticles by Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions,” Biotechnol. Prog. 7(5):403-411. This patent is Subject to a terminal dis- Chattopadhyay et al. (2001), “Production of Griseofulvin claimer. Nanoparticles Using Supercritical CO2 Antisolvent with Enhanced Mass Transfer.” International Journal of Phar (21) Appl. No.: 09/823,899 maceutics 228:19-31. (22) Filed: Mar 30, 2001 Jung et al. (2001), “Particle Design Using Supercritical e a Vs Fluids: Literature and Patent Survey,” Journal of Supercriti (65) Prior Publication Data cal Fluids 20:179-219. Primary Examiner Mary Lynn Theisen US 2002/0142049 A1 Oct. 3, 2002 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Dianne E. Reed; Reed & (51) Int. Cl." .................................................. B29C 9/00 Eberle LLP (52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 264/9; 264/5; 2647. (57) ABSTRACT (58) Field of Search ......................... 264/9, 7, 5; 425/6, A method and device for generating pharmaceutical agent 425/10 particles using focused acoustic energy are provided. -
Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride -
Environmental Health Criteria 166 METHYL BROMIDE
Environmental Health Criteria 166 METHYL BROMIDE Please note that the layout and pagination of this web version are not identical with the printed version. Methyl Bromide (EHC 166, 1995) INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 166 METHYL BROMIDE This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. First draft prepared by Dr. R.F. Hertel and Dr. T. Kielhorn. Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Aerosol Research, Hanover, Germany Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization World Health Orgnization Geneva, 1995 The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. The main objective of the IPCS is to carry out and disseminate evaluations of the effects of chemicals on human health and the quality of the environment. Supporting activities include the development of epidemiological, experimental laboratory, and risk-assessment methods that could produce internationally comparable results, and the development of manpower in the field of toxicology. Other activities carried out by the IPCS include the development of know-how for coping with chemical accidents, -
Status of Numerical Modeling of Halocarbon Impacts on Stratospheric Ozone
THE STATUS OF NUMERICAL MODELING OF HALOCARBON IMPACTS ON STRATOSPHERIC OZONE Donald J. Wuebbles Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 Tel: 217-244-1568; Fax: 217-244-4393 [email protected] INTRODUCTION Numerical models of the chemistry and physics of the global atmosphere have played a key role in the scientific understanding of past, current and potential future effects of human-related emissions of halocarbons, including Halons, other brominated compounds and various replacement compounds on stratospheric ozone and climate change. As a result, these models have led directly to the Montreal Protocol and other national and international policy decisions regarding halocarbon controls due to their effects on stratospheric ozone. The purpose of this paper is to provide a perspective on atmospheric models, the role they have played in studies of the effects of Halons and other halocarbons on ozone, and to discuss what role models will likely play in future studies of stratospheric ozone THE COMPLEXITY OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE It is important to recognize that the stratospheric ozone layer is a naturally occurring phenomenon that has great benefits to life on Earth. In fact, the formation of the ozone layer is generally believed to have played an important role in the development of life here on Earth. The accumulation of oxygen molecules in the atmosphere allowed for the production of ozone. Gradually the increasing levels of ozone led to the formation of the stratosphere, a region of the upper atmosphere where temperature increases with altitude largely as a result of the absorption of solar radiation by ozone. -
Al-46% ATTORNEY
Aug. 20, 1963 H. A. WIIST 3,101,304 DISTILLATION PROCESS FOR FLUOROCARBONS Filed April 28, 1960 INVENTOR ... al-46%HERBERT A. WIST ATTORNEY 3, 2,304 United States Patent Office Paterated Aug. 20, 1963 2 17 to 53 inclusive by extractive distillation. Compounds 3,105,304 causing the separation of the perfluorocarbons from the DSTELLATION PRO-CESS FOR FLUORO CARBONS close boiling or azeotrope forming fluorocarbons are aro Herbert Albert Wist, Wilmington, Dei. assignor to matic hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, and halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in which the halo Del, a corporation of Delaware gen has an atomic number of 17 to 53, and which are Filed Apr. 28, 1960, Ser. No. 25,362 liquid at distillation conditions. The process of the pres 17 Clains. (C. 202-39.5) ent invention is based on the discovery that the volatility The process of the present invention relates to the sepa of fluorocarbons boiling close to the volatile perfuoro ration of fluorocarbons, and, more particularly, to the ex 10 carbons, which generally have from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, tractive distillation of fluorocarbons. or form. azeotropes with the fluorocarbons, is so changed Fluorocarbons, i.e., compounds of carbon and fluorine by the addition of the extractive distillation agents of the which may also contain other elements, such as hydro present invention, that the separation of these groups of . gen and chlorine, and particularly, perfluorocarbons, i.e., compounds becomes a matter of simple distillation. The compounds consisting solely of carbon and fluorine, are 15 close boiling or azeotrope forming fluorocarbons generally highly useful as refrigerants and solvents.