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Journal of Leadership in Organizations, ISSN 2656-8829 (Print), ISSN 2656-8810 (Online) Vol.3, No Journal of Leadership in Organizations, ISSN 2656-8829 (Print), ISSN 2656-8810 (Online) Vol.3, No. 1 (2021) 58-71 JOURNAL OF LEADERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS Journal homepage: https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/leadership EXPATRIATION AFTER THE TERROR ATTACK: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY FROM HR PERSPECTIVE Silvia Akter 1 , Shamsul Huq Bin Shahriar 2, Md. Abdul Momen 3, Nayeema Sultana 4 1,3,4 East West University, Jahurul Islam City Gate, A/2 Jahurul Islam Ave, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2 American & Efird Bangladesh Ltd., The Glass House, Gulshan Avenue, Dhaka, Bangladesh ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Introduction and Main Objective: This study attempted to Keywords: explain the anxieties from the insights of expatriates and Expatriates, Bangladesh, their views related to international assignments in Terror attack, ‘Holey Bangladesh after the Holey Artisan attack in 2016, this study Artisan Bakery’, Qualitative approach also discusses the immediate and current status of expatriation in Bangladesh. Background Problems: The host Article History: countries’ environment plays an important role in accomplishing any overseas assignment. Bangladesh with its Received 2020-12-15 ethnicity of warm hospitality has always been an ideal place for expatriates from both novel and similar cultures and Received in revised from 2021-02-22 environments. Conversely, the recent incidents of terror attacks, notably the major attack at ‘Holey Artisan Bakery’ in Received in revised from 2016 have changed many calculations. Research Method: 2021-03-06 This qualitative research is a combination of narrative Accepted situational analysis and longitudinal study. Primary data 2021-03-24 was collected through interviews. Findings/Results: DOI: Research findings revealed some aftermaths of the attack https://doi.org/10.22146/jlo.62247 related to the actions taken by the authority of the state. And how this incident hampered the assignments and work-life balance of the expatriates. Novelty: This particular study contributes to the existing literature of international human resource management with the tools and technics of effective crisis management from the real-life experiences of the expatriates. Conclusion: This study suggests that this is high time for organizations to work on their people and culture management strategies to increase interfaith, intercultural, and multiracial harmony. ___________ * Corresponding Author at Human Resource, American & Efird Bangladesh Ltd., The Glass House, Gulshan Avenue, Dhaka, Bangladesh. E-mail address: [email protected] 58 This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Akter, et al. Journal of Leadership in Organizations Vol.3, No. 1 (2021) 31-44 1. Introduction of transferring leadership and core organizational values to the region. Along with the local investment, the With previous experience, expertise and potential success of any emerging economy well premeditated international to a great extent depends on international assignments; even within a short period of investments, successful global collaborations time expatriates can gain a good hold over and foreign aids. At the same time, global the subject matter and contribute to collaboration and support from international organizational survival and competitive communities help business organizations to growth. Sometimes they even play a design better and sustainable strategies, significant role to develop the conditions and achieve operational excellence, transfer relations between the host and parent technology, knowledge and leadership. countries, in the course of working as an Where, the operation, market orientations agent of development partners. and even the employment have become Day by day the purposes and the nature matters of free geographical boundaries or of these kinds of international assignments margins; globalization is creating huge are becoming more and more challenging opportunities for overseas jobs; international and intricate (Mayerhofer, et al., 2004). It assignments and expatriation (Brewster and becomes more difficult when the host Harris, 1999). country faces any threat of terrorism and Due to the fact of internationalization of foreign delegates are the main target of the businesses and increasing concerns related to militants. implementing the ‘best practice’ in the Bangladesh, a South Asian lower- subsidiaries and partner organizations; it has middle-income- developing country, which become a common practice for various gained independence in 1971 after nine multinational companies, international joint months ‘liberation war; the country and its ventures and even for the local companies to people know the value of peace, love, build and maintain global partnerships. secularism and hospitality. Bangladesh has Nevertheless, the success of international been a perfect place for expatriates from both projects critically depends on the host novel and similar cultures. However, this country, its economic condition, culture, recent incident of extremism and terror natural resources, manpower, political attack at ‘Holey Artisan Bakery’ in 2016 has situation, market size, environment, safety, changed more than a few calculations etc. regarding its image and put a question mark In the literature of international human on the country’s security measures for the resource management expatriation has been foreign delegates and expatriates. Although explained as an essential foundation to the attack was on some targeted people become global leaders (Black, et al., 1999) as (mostly non-Muslim foreigners), it was a during these varieties of international major blow to Bangladesh's overall security assignments; an employee gets a prospect to system, as well as a major plot to tarnish the experience the comprehensive conditions of country's image in the international arena. international business, its challenges, The attack could have had far-reaching opportunities, and actions. It is also a process negative effects on the country's business, trade, international investment and 59 Akter, et al. Journal of Leadership in Organizations Vol.3, No. 1 (2021) 31-44 development sector. Consequently, this and salvation from sins; through the incident had created a negative perception observance of a whole month of fasting, towards expatriation in Bangladesh as the Muslims urge for mercy and peace. On that main target of these attacks were the night everything was going as usual, after the foreigners. iftar people were taking a rest or performing Therefore, the government with its Taraweeh prayer. At around 9:20 pm (local supreme priority took all essential counter- time), a group of militants stormed a popular terrorism measures to ensure the security of restaurant named Holey Artisan Bakery in a the country, its people, and the citizens of filmy style and took around thirty people, other countries living in Bangladesh. hostage in the café (Bdnews24.com, 2016). Nevertheless, very little was known Holey Artisan Bakery, the restaurant located regarding the immediate reactions of the in Gulshan 2, Dhaka is a sister concern of expatriates and their families who were Izumi was a very popular gathering place living in Bangladesh at that time, their among the foreigners. Dhaka's high-class evaluation on the efforts of the Bangladesh area Gulshan is a diplomatic zone. government and whether they had to face Nevertheless, the attackers knew that very any problem staying in Bangladesh after this well, they targeted the place so that they can incident. In this study authors focused on the get the attention of the government and effect of the Holey Artisan Attack on foreign international media immediately. delegates and expatriates working in A total number of twenty-nine were Bangladesh. killed, extremists brutally killed twenty-two This study aims to enlighten the hostages among them eighteen were literature of international human resource foreigners and four Bangladeshis (including management in the context of challenges, three guests and bakery staff); on the other anxieties from the insights from the hand, two police officers and five extremists expatriates after a major terror attack at the were also killed during the operation for Holey Artisan Bakery, Dhaka, Bangladesh. retrieval of the control (M. Billah, 2017; BBC Additionally, the study also tried to answer News, 2016a; The Daily Star, 2016a, the question such as how the expatriates are Bdnews24.com, 2016) and at least fifty were currently working in Bangladesh and their injured; at Holey Artisan Bakery. views related to international assignments in The government gave its supreme Bangladesh in the present circumstances. priority to rescue the hostages and regain control over the situation. The major 2. Literature Review operation was conducted by the Bangladesh Army; it was named ‘Operation 2.1. Background Analysis- ‘Holey Thunderbolt’. However, different defender Artisan Attack’ forces, i.e., Para-Commando Battalion, July 1, 2016, was a regular night of the month Bangladesh Air force, Bangladesh Navy of holy Ramadan. For the Muslims, Ramadan SWADS, Border Guards Bangladesh (BGB), is one of the most important time for self- Bangladesh Ansar, Rapid Action Battalion improvement and heightened devotion. It is (RAB), SWAT, Bangladesh Fire Service and the ninth month of the Islamic calendar and Civil Defense, Bangladesh police, Armed considered as the month of blessings, mercy Police Battalion, Special branch, and 60 Akter, et al. Journal of Leadership in Organizations Vol.3, No. 1
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