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Danio Rerio) Cadet Frederick Dawson (Biology, ‘13) Faculty Mentor: Colonel James E

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Danio Rerio) Cadet Frederick Dawson (Biology, ‘13) Faculty Mentor: Colonel James E 2013 Writing April 1 Undergraduate Number Horizons of 7 Journal New VMI Volume New Horizons: VMI Journal of Undergraduate Writing Volume 7 Number 1 April 2013 Writing Institute 24450 Program VA Horizons Undergraduate Writing Military of New Lexington, Institute Virginia Journal VMI NEW HORIZONS VMI Journal of Undergraduate Writing EDITORIAL BOARD Executive Editor: D. Alexis Hart, Associate Professor of English Associate Editor for Engineering: Robert L. McMasters, Professor of Mechanical Engineering Associate Editor for the Humanities and Social Sciences: Timothy C. Dowling, Associate Professor of History Associate Editor for the Natural Sciences: Nathan D. Axvig, Assistant Professor of Mathematics Contributing Editors for Volume 7 Louis Blair, Virginia Military Institute Joyce Blandino, Virginia Military Institute Stephen J. Blank, Strategic Studies Institute of the United States Army War College Bob Coleman, University of South Alabama Bradley Lynn Coleman, Virginia Military Institute Christopher S. Lassiter, Roanoke College Laurie Lyda, Georgia College & State University Kristen Pond, Baylor University Wayne G. Shear, Virginia Military Institute Matthew Swenty, Virginia Military Institute Copyeditors and Layout and Design Editors for Volume 7 Taylor Armstrong, ‘13 Adam Marsh, ‘15 Lindsey Carty, ‘13 Mary Meidenbauer, ‘13 Lucas Champion, ‘14 Sean Murphy, ‘14 Max Curry, ‘13 Nathan Sitzman, ‘16 Flora Edelbrock, ‘14 Connor Sullivan, ‘15 Campbell Henkel, ‘14 Russell Timmons, ‘14 Glen Ingham, ‘12 Matt Wendler, ‘15 Cover photo by Cadet Sean P. Noll, ‘13. The editorial board of New Horizons: VMI Journal of Undergraduate Writing would like to acknowledge the generous financial support of the Institute Writing Program and the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, which provided the resources for publishing this issue. Our thanks to the following for their efforts on behalf of New Horizons: • BG R. Wane Schneiter, Deputy Superintendent for Academics and Dean of the Faculty • COL Robert L. McDonald, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs • COL Christina R. McDonald, Institute Director of Writing • COL Emily P. Miller, Head, Department of English and Fine Arts • Dr. Jim Adams, Interim Director, VMI Writing Center • LTC Keith Kline, Director, VMI Center for Undergraduate Research • Mr. BR Floyd, VMI Communications and Marketing • COL Joseph Blandino, BG Charles Brower, MAJ Jennifer deHart, LTC Timothy Dowling, MAJ Wakeel Idewu, COL John Leland, COL Robert L. McDonald, MAJ Tim Moore, LTC Charles Newhouse, MAJ Mary Beth Pennington, COL Rose Mary Sheldon, and COL James E. Turner, faculty mentors to the cadet authors of New Horizons, Volume 7. • Special thanks to the members of the Spring 2013 WR349 Professional Editing and Design class. NEW HORIZONS VMI JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE WRITING Volume 7 Issue 1 April 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 From the Executive Editor 2 From the Cadet Copyeditors and Designers NATURAL SCIENCES 5 The Effects of Estrogen Deprivation on the Vascular Development of (PEU\RQLF=HEUD¿VK Danio rerio) Cadet Frederick Dawson (Biology, ‘13) Faculty Mentor: Colonel James E. Turner 14 The Effects of Nitric Oxide on the Sensory-Motor Functions in the 'HYHORSLQJ=HEUD¿VK Danio rerio) Cadet Ben Sykes (Biology, ‘13) Faculty Mentor: Colonel James E. Turner HUMANITIES 26 Operational Art Goes Digital Cadet John Bolen (History, ‘14) Faculty Mentor: Lieutenant Colonel Timothy Dowling 39 Kicking the Hornet’s Nest: Operation Ajax and Its Effects on Middle Eastern Relations Cadet Stephen Caskey (International Studies, ‘15) Faculty Mentor: Major Mary Beth Pennington 42 Ceci n’est pas une redaction de mi-semestre Cadet Sean McCauley (English and History, ‘13) Faculty Mentor: Colonel John Leland 50 Disaster at Arausio: Lessons in Leadership in the Roman Army Cadet Abhimanyu Trikha (History, ‘14) Faculty Mentor: Colonel Rose Mary Sheldon 62 Atticus Finch and “The Dude’s” Impact on American Masculinity Cadet Matthew Wendler (Biology, ‘15) Faculty Mentor: Major Mary Beth Pennington 67 Neo-Confederates on Your News Feed Cadet Cabell Willis (History, ‘14) Faculty Mentor: Colonel Robert L. McDonald SOCIAL SCIENCES 79 Understanding the Danger of a Nuclear Iran Ms. Micah Coate (International Studies and Political Science, ‘12) Faculty Mentor: Brigadier General Charles F. Brower ENGINEERING 92 Compressive Strength Analysis of Mortar Mixes Consisting of Recycled Plastics Cadet John McDonald (Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‘15) Faculty Mentors: Major Jennifer deHart and Lieutenant Colonel Charles Newhouse 106 Using Correlations of Real-Time Vehicle Emissions and VISSIM Multimodal Traffic Flow Modeled Emissions to Predict Neighborhood-Scale Air Quality and NOX Exposure Levels Cadet John Partin (Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‘14) Faculty Mentors: Major Wakeel Idewu and Major Tim Moore 117 Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle Wing Deformation and Force Measurement in a Wind Tunnel Cadet Alex Sharp (Mechanical Engineering, ‘13) Faculty Mentor: Colonel Joseph Blandino 134 Curricular Suggestions 138 About the Contributing Editors 140 About the Authors 142 About the Copyeditors 144 The Institute Writing Program 1HZ+RUL]RQV9ROXPH1XPEHU$SULO From the Executive Editor t has been my distinct pleasure to have served as a member of the New Horizons editorial board since its initial conception as a highly selective, disciplinary expert-reviewed academic Iundergraduate journal in the Fall of 2005. I began my work on the journal as the Associate Editor for the Humanities and Social Sciences under the outstanding mentorship and leadership of then-Executive Editor COL Mary Ann Dellinger. Since that time, the journal has moved from the auspices of the VMI Center for Undergraduate Research to those of the Institute Writing Program and has expanded the range of cadet writing that it features. The editorial board has H[SHULHQFHGFKDQJHVDVZHOO$IWHU¿YH\HDUVRIH[FHSWLRQDOVHUYLFH&2/'HOOLQJHUJUDFLRXVO\ turned over to me the position of Executive Editor in 2010. In that role, it has been my honor to have worked with Dr. Duncan Richter and LTC Merce Brooke, who served as Associate Editor for the Humanities and Social Sciences and Associate Editor for the Natural Sciences, respectively, as well as collaborating with the current Associate Editors, MAJ Nate Axvig (Natural Sciences), LTC Tim Dowling (Humanities and Social Sciences), and CAPT Bob McMasters (Engineering). The dedication of these faculty members to the success of the journal and to the teaching and professional development of the cadet authors and copyeditors has been nothing less than remarkable, and I can not thank them enough for their commitment to this endeavor. In addition, I would like to acknowledge and to thank the dozens of VMI faculty members and the more than 30 faculty members at other institutions who have taken time out of their busy schedules to provide valuable critical comments and recommendations for revision to the cadet authors. ,KDYHDOVRKDGWKHJRRGIRUWXQHWROHDGWKUHHWHUUL¿FWHDPVRIFDGHWFRS\HGLWRUVDQGGHVLJQHUV who enrolled in the WR349 Professional Editing and Design course—many of whom did not know quite what they were getting into when they signed up, but all of whom worked diligently to ensure that the authors’ manuscripts were presented to the New Horizons readers in the most professional manner possible. Over the course of these changes, the journal has consistently featured exemplary samples of the extraordinary writing and research being produced by cadets across the disciplines, including the twelve manuscripts featured in this volume representing all of the major academic divisions at VMI. This seventh volume represents my last as Executive Editor, as it is time for me to seek my own “new horizons.” Though I will no longer be directly involved in the process, I look forward to continuing to read the exceptional work that will undoubtedly be published in future volumes, and I will remain ever grateful for having had the privilege to work with and for the authors, editors, and readers of New Horizons. Fair winds and following seas. D. Alexis Hart Executive Editor 1 New Horizons$SULO From the Copyeditors The New Horizons copyediting staff is pleased to announce the release of Volume 7. This volume includes academic writing representing multiple academic disciplines across the VMI curriculum. We cadets enrolled in CDR Hart’s Professional Editing and Design course have been DEOHWRZRUN¿UVWKDQGZLWKWKHSXEOLVKLQJSURFHVVDVFRS\HGLWRUVIRUPDQXVFULSWVXEPLVVLRQV We were also responsible for determining the design, formatting, layout, and cover design of the journal and for contributing ideas for the “Curricular Suggestions.” This course has provided us with a good opportunity to branch out and meet more faculty mentors and fellow cadets. It has also given us the chance to read and study works from majors different than our own. The reading and editing processes have allowed us to broaden our academic horizons and hone our communication skills. We are proud of the successes we have achieved together as copyeditors this semester, and we hope you enjoy reading the manuscripts that follow. Taylor Armstrong, Biology ,’13 Lindsey Carty, Psychology, ’13 Lucas Champion, English, ’14 Max Curry, English, ’13 Flora Edelbrock, English, ’14 Campbell Henkel, English, ’14 Glen Ingham, English, ’12 Adam Marsh, Biology, ’15 Mary Meidenbauer, English, ’13 Sean Murphy, History, ’14 Nathan Sitzman, International Studies, ’16 Connor Sullivan, Biology,’15 C. Russell Timmons, Applied Mathematics, ’14 Matthew Wendler, Biology,
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