CottonwoodMonitoring Flats Project 2017 Activity Report & Assessment Data March, 2018

Report prepared by: Jason Ramsay-Brown, CFMP Primary Administrator Report reviewed by: Stephen Smith, Gavin Miller, Charles Bruce-Thompson, Nancy Dengler Reference as: TFN 2017 CFMP Activity Report Report Designed By: Off to Market, Inc. http://offtomarket.ca

1 Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION...... 3 APPENDIX B: COMPILED FAUNA DATA. . . 37 PROJECT OVERVIEW...... 3 COMPLETE DATA SET (ALL PLOTS)...... 37 STUDY AREA...... 3 COMPLETE DATA SET (BY DATE)...... 38 METHODOLOGY & PROTOCOLS...... 4 LOCATIONS OF BEAVER ACTIVITY ...... 39 SUMMARY OF RESULTS...... 5 APPENDIX C: HUMAN USE DATA ...... 39 FLORA SPECIES AT COTTONWOOD FLATS. . . 5 APPENDIX D: ASSESSMENT AND FAUNA SPECIES AT COTTONWOOD FLATS. . . 6 SESSION NOTES...... 40 HUMAN USE AT COTTONWOOD FLATS. . . . . 7 MS1: MONITORING SESSION #1...... 40 2018 RECOMMENDATIONS...... 8 VEG1: VEGETATION ASSESSMENT #1. . . . 40 SITE RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 8 MS2: MONITORING SESSION #2...... 41 PROTOCOL ADJUSTMENTS ...... 8 MS3: MONITORING SESSION #3...... 41 MONITORING ACTIVITIES ...... 9 MS4: MONITORING SESSION #4...... 42 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT...... 9 VEG2: VEGETATION ASSESSMENT #2. . . . 42 RESTORATION & STEWARDSHIP...... 10 MS5: MONITORING SESSION #5...... 43 APPENDICES...... 11 MS6: MONITORING SESSION #6...... 43 APPENDIX A: COMPILED FLORA DATA. . . 11 PLOT 1...... 12 PLOT 2...... 14 PLOT 3...... 16 PLOT 4...... 18 PLOT 5...... 20 PLOT 6...... 22 PLOT 7...... 24 PLOT 8...... 27 PLOT 9...... 29 PLOT 10...... 31 COMPLETE DATA SET (ALL PLOTS)...... 33 INTRODUCTION

PROJECT OVERVIEW

The Cottonwood Flats Monitoring Project (CFMP) is a partnership between the City of Toronto’s Natural Environment and Community Programs (NECP) section of Urban Forestry and the Toronto Field Naturalists (TFN) . Its primary goal is to create and curate an inventory of animal and vegetation biodiversity at Cottonwood Flats (see “Study Area”) which, over time, will be used to assess overall trends in species richness and abundance . A secondary objective for the project is to facilitate community engagement and outreach .

Project protocols (see “Methodology & Protocols”) were designed and developed by TFN in 2016, and approved for use by NECP in January, 2017 . TFN has committed to running the project for a three-year period which began in April, 2017 . The project will be reassessed in 2019/2020 .

STUDY AREA

Cottonwood Flats is an approximately 4-hectare parcel of floodplain, elevated by an anthropogenic fill base, that is located on a post-industrial site along the eastern banks of the Lower Don River near Crothers Woods . The site was once home to a rockwool factory, was used as a disposal site for concrete debris, and until recently served as a primary site for dumping snow plowed from city streets .

Between 2009 and 2014, the City of Toronto, TRCA, Task Force to Bring Back the Don, and Schollen and Company created and executed a restoration plan intended primarily to provide habitat for ground- nesting birds . A key feature of this plan was an approximately one acre songbird meadow, fully enclosed by permanent fencing, meant to help secure the area from trampling, off-leash dogs, and other potential threats .

3 METHODOLOGY & PROTOCOLS

Cottonwood Flats is too large an area to monitor and assess in its entirety . Instead, ten 20m x 20m permanent plots have been defined that are the focus of monitoring and assessment efforts . These plots have been delineated by pin flags in each corner to aid on-site discovery . Plot locations were selected based on existing natural features, human traffic patterns, and the post- industrial legacy of the site . Site activities abide by specific protocols developed by TFN in consultation with NECP, and modelled on similar protocols used by organizations like TRCA and EMAN so as to maximize compatibility with other standard data collection methods .

Annually, volunteers conduct six site Monitoring Sessions, the purpose of which is to identify animal species (primarily birds), and flora in bloom or seed . Each session begins with a ten minute “Bird Circle” observation, during which two or three stationary observers log all animal activity within a 50m circle encompassing plots 1,2,3, & 4, and the entirety of the fenced-in Songbird Meadow . Following this, two to four volunteers devote a minimum of five minutes of continuous observation time to logging all animal activity in each plot . An additional observer visits all plots independently to document flora in bloom or seed .

Further, two Vegetation Assessments are conducted each year, during which the emphasis is on flora identification . During these assessments there is no Bird Circle observation period, but one volunteer continues to devote five minutes of continuous observation time to each plot for the purpose of logging animal activity . Meanwhile, two to five volunteers devote a total two hours each to flora identification, working alone or in co- operation with one another, as proves most effective .

During all eight sessions and assessments, a volunteer photographer is responsible for documenting interesting discoveries, general activities, and attending to routine photo monitoring as prescribed by the City of Toronto .

Concurrently, a CFMP Site Ambassador, situated by the trail that connects the Lower Don Recreational Trail to nearby Sun Valley/Crothers Woods, engages with any members of the public curious about project activities . The Site Ambassador answers questions, distributes TFN and City of Toronto brochures, and keeps records on human visitation and use of Cottonwood Flats .

4 SUMMARY OF RESULTS

Flora Species at Cottonwood Flats

The study area is dominated by Exotic Cool- season Grass Graminoid Meadow (CUM1-b) and Exotic Forb Meadow (CUM1-c) . A portion of the site is successional semi-woody habitat, which includes the riparian zone along the Don River . The developing vegetation structure indicates it is headed towards a vegetation community typical of the Lower Don Valley - Fresh-Moist Cottonwood Tall Treed Woodland (CUW1-A4)

Plot observations identified a total of 92 species of vascular plants during the 2017 season (see Appendix A) . These included 28 native species (both naturally-occurring and planted) and 64 exotic species (69 5%). . 7 additional plants were identified only to the level of Genus . Of interest, 14 species catalogued (4 native, 10 exotic) are not present in Beechwood Wetland and Cottonwood Flats Terrestrial Biological Inventory and Assessment (TRCA, 2010) .

Native tree canopy in the plots is generally dominated by Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) . Cottonwood propagation is evident, particularly in plots 6 & 9 (Veg1, Stephen Smith) . Most cottonwoods were observed to be in generally good health, although some exhibited deformation of the branch tips due to gall mites (Veg1, Stephen Smith; MS5, Jim Grass) . Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) is the dominant tree species found in plot 3, but also has significant presence in plot 8 . Green ash here range from 30cm to 4 .5m in height . While no obvious indication of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) was discovered, dieback from vole girdling was seen in plot 3 (Veg2, Stephen Smith), and half of those in plot 6 produced no buds (MS3, Ken Sproule) .

Tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) is the dominant native at the herbaceous layer . Plot 7, the only plot that touches upon the Don River, also supports notable populations of riverbank grape (Vitis riparia), white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima), and riverbank wild rye (Elymus riparius) . For the most part, however, all plots are dominated by exotic or invasive herbs .

Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) is the most populous invasive catalogued, covering 5% to 30% of all plots . White sweet clover (Melilotus albus) is similarly abundant in many plots, particularly 4, 5, & 6 . Dog-strangling vine (Vincetoxicum rossicum) was catalogued in seven of the ten plots, with plot cover ranging from 7 .5% to 10% where discovered . Of notable concern, despite its relatively small population, is the discovery of Asian bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) in plot 7 . This invasive plant was not listed in Beechwood Wetland and Cottonwood Flats Terrestrial Biological Inventory and Assessment (TRCA, 2010) but its potential introduction is mentioned therein with note as to the impact it would have on local American bittersweet (Celastrus scandens) populations .

While greater burdock (Arctium lappa) is not yet of particular concern in the study area, it is worth mentioning that volunteers discovered the skeletal remains of a small songbird (likely a black-capped chickadee) entangled in the burdock present in plot 7 (Veg1, Ken Sproule) .

5 FAUNA SPECIES AT COTTONWOOD FLATS

18 species of birds were cataloged during the 2017 season . Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), American robins (Turdus migratorius), and American goldfinch (Spinus tristis) were the most often sighted birds . While the majority of sightings were made during Bird Circle observation, these species were frequently spotted during plot observation as well .

Only 2 nests were discovered in the study area: both built by American robins, but neither located in our plots (MS1, Ken Morin; MS3, Lillian Natalizio) .

There was ample evidence that male & female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were co-habitating many of the bird boxes located in the study area, particularly those located in/near plots 1, 6, & 8 (MS3, Anne Powell, Carol Sellers, Jason Ramsay-Brown; MS4, Charles Bruce-Thompson, Jason Ramsay-Brown) . No juveniles were seen, but one volunteer was repeatedly “dive-bombed” by an adult male tree swallow while in proximity to the bird box south of plot 5 (MS4, Jason Ramsay-Brown) .

Courtship behavior was observed in red-winged blackbirds during Monitoring Session #3 (MS3, Anne Powell, Carol Sellers, Jim & Petra Grass) but no local nests were found .

3 black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus), including 1 juvenile, were spotted in the willow just outside plot 5 during Vegetation Assessment #2, but no nest could be located (Veg2, Ken Sproule) .

While not represented in the compiled data (Appendix B), the following additional bird species were noted in the study area over the season: Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii), wood duck (Aix sponsa), double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), great egret (Ardea alba), downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), Eastern towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), and chimney swift (Chaetura pelagica) .

Eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) were frequently spotted in the study area but seemed to enjoy avoiding the plots themselves during observation periods . Consensus of TFN volunteers is that these rabbits may have been living in the rubble slabs located in plot 7, given how frequently they were sighted in proximity, but no direct evidence was found . Volunteers also suspect that garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) may be living among the rubble slabs in plot 7 but no snakes were ever seen here directly .

While never seen, evidence that white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) make frequent use of the site was routinely encountered . This includes signs of browsing in plots 2 & 8 (Veg1, Stephen Smith), and the discovery of beds just south of plot 3 and under the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) in plot 4 (Veg2, Stephen Smith) . Similarly, vole girdling was present on green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) in plot 3 (Veg2, Stephen Smith) but the voles themselves were not observed .

At the start of the 2017 season volunteers discovered of a number of tree stumps which had clearly been gnawed on by beavers (Castor canadensis), indicating significant use of the site by this species . No beaver was ever sighted . A complete map of all stump locations has been included in Appendix B .

6 7 species of butterflies were documented, with the bulk of sightings during Monitoring Session #4 (June) . In addition, 16 Red Admirals (Vanessa atalanta) were observed over a thirty- minute period during Monitoring Session #3, visiting the catkins on the pussy willow (Salix discolor) and peachleaf willow (Salix amygdaloides) that overhang plot 5 (Veg1, Liz Menard) . A large colony of black ants (Lasius niger) was recorded in plot 4 (MS2, Bob Kortright; Veg 2, Stephen Smith), and bumblebees were occasionally documented during plot observation . On the whole, however, observation of insect life was less than what might have been expected . This may be more reflective of volunteer observation than actual site conditions . Outside of the plots, several “red beetles” were noted, and an eastern-eyed click beetle (Alaus oculatus) found wandering the armourstones at the north-eastern end of the site generated much excitement (MS4, Viktor Moroz) .

Despite a significant outbreak of fall cankerworms (Alsophila pometaria) elsewhere in the city, none of these inch worms were noted at Cottonwood Flats .

No fish were ever spotted in the Don River . The river was monitored as part of routine observation in plot 7, but twice during the year volunteers also dedicated twenty minutes of continuous observation time exclusively to the river, in hopes of spotting aquatic life .

HUMAN USE AT COTTONWOOD FLATS

As demonstrated by the complied human visitation data presented in Appendix C, Cottonwood Flats experiences heavy human visitation - sometimes up to nearly 100 visitors over a two hour period . While many of these people are in transit between the Lower Don Recreational Trail and Sun Valley / Crothers Woods, at least 30% of these people access Cottonwood Flats directly . While the CFMP Site Ambassador does nothing to directly discourage visitation during CFMP sessions & assessments (save during the Bird Circle), volunteers suspect that visitation would be much higher if project work was not underway .

All plots outside of the fenced-in Songbird Meadow show evidence of routine trampling by both humans and dogs; Plots 6, 7, and 9 in particular .

A fire pit was discovered in Plot 7, sheltered by the rubble slabs (MS1, Jason Ramsay-Brown) that showed evidence of frequent use over the season . (MS2, MS3, MS4, MS5, Veg 2, Jason Ramsay-Brown)

Plot 9 experiences the heaviest and most destructive use . The presence of the picnic table and umbrella (installed by citizens) does much to bring people to this area . Garbage is frequently found littering the plot and surrounding area, which has included up to half a dozen empty beer cans (MS4, Jason Ramsay-Brown) . A very intoxicated individual was once found asleep by the trail in plot 9 (MS3, Jason Ramsay-Brown) but left by his own accord within the first thirty minutes of that day’s project activities .

Off-leash dogs are a common occurrence at the Flats, sometimes numbering as many as 31 in a two-hour period . These numbers, however, are potentially unreliable as there is a notable increase in leash usage when volunteers with clipboards are visible . Off-leash dogs at the Flats have been directly observed trampling plant life, flushing birds out of vegetation, chasing rabbits, and intimidating human visitors and other dogs . Dog waste is routinely left “where it falls,” with no attempt to clean it up by human companions .

People have been responsible for the death of at least one animal at the Flats, a garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) found run over by a bicycle on the trail parallel to the Metrolinx tracks (MS3, Jason Ramsay-Brown) . 7 2018 RECOMMENDATIONS

SITE RECOMMENDATIONS

TFN requests that the City give consideration to the following general recommendations:

• During upcoming wetland construction please erect temporary fencing between the trail and plot 5 . This fencing should extend far enough to also protect the two willows at the southern edge of the plot .

• Install a permanent sign at the northern edge of the site that clearly indicates there is no access to the Lower Don Recreational Trail via Cottonwood Flats . Based on the number of times our Site Ambassador was asked by passing cyclists whether or not they could get to that trail from the site, we believe this would considerably reduce the volume of bike traffic in the Flats and improve wayfinding for recreational users of the Don Valley .

PROTOCOL ADJUSTMENTS

TFN recommends making the following adjustments or enhancements to CFMP protocols, effective 2018, in order to help improve the quality of collected data:

• Due to difficulties precisely estimating cover-abundance, and differences in estimation from one observer to another, we could like to begin using the Domin scale to record cover-abundance .

• To improve speed of observer orientation and plot identification we would like to mark the southwestern corner of each plot with a visible and semi-permanent marker . A t-bar or rebar stake would be ideal, colour-coded as per EMAN protocol . Other plot corners should also be enhanced . We recommend using distinctively shaped flagstones, also colour-coded as per EMAN protocol using discreet blobs of paint . Pin flags would remain alongside the flagstones to aid in location during summer/fall monitoring sessions .

• Primary Administrator to enhance CFMP information kits and on-site volunteer instruction to more effectively stress:

– Only flora in bud, bloom, seed (etc .) needs to be logged during Monitoring Sessions (note: All flora must be logged during Vegetation Assessments)

– Photographer should take pictures of all flora in bud, bloom, seed (etc .) during all sessions and assessments

• Maximum number of volunteers on the site during Monitoring Sessions & Assessments should be officially increased to 12 . Based on performance during 2017, this increase is very unlikely to cause an negative impact so long as other protocols continue to be followed, and will greatly benefit speed and thoroughness of data collection, particularly during flora identification . Efforts would still be taken to minimize team size whenever possible .

• Integrate plot photo monitoring into routine data collection by having Photographer take a photo of each plot from the same location each session/assessment . TFN experimented with this during 2017 . Results were very encouraging but better locations need to be selected for some plots to maximize usefulness .

• As recommended by Paul Prior (fauna biologist, TRCA) during the 2017 site orientation, we would like to establish one or more salamander boards in the study area but outside of the existing plots .

8 MONITORING ACTIVITIES

TFN intends to include the following activities or enhancements during 2018 Monitoring Sessions and/or Vegetation Assessments, in addition or supplemental to routine observations .

• Examine all rubble slabs in the study area for evidence of usage as dens during winter 2017/2018

• Re-evaluate study area for evidence of beaver use during winter 2017/2018 . Update map (Appendix B) as may be required .

• Monitor green ash (particularly in plot 3) for signs of EAB infestation .

• Clean up litter & garbage in the study area . The rubble slabs in plot 7 are of particular concern but will not be addressed without the explicit consent of NECP in case it is felt this would compromise data integrity .

• Attempt to improve identification of those flora species only identified to the level of Genus during 2017 observations .

• Attempt to ensure that volunteers with strong mushroom identification skills are present at the Monitoring Session in late April

• Attempt to ensure that volunteers with strong grass identification skills are present for the Monitoring Sessions in May & June .

• Attempt to ensure that volunteers with strong butterfly identification skills are present at the Monitoring Session in June .

• Attempt to ensure that volunteers with strong insect identification skills are present at the Monitoring Session in June .

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

To enhance and expand community engagement, TFN would like to co-ordinate with or include people from outside the project team in this year’s activities .

• Invite the citizen who erected and maintains the bird boxes in the area to contribute to the project . TFN would take responsibility for creating log sheets he could use to record his observations, and collected data would be submitted to TFN and included in future CFMP reports . TFN will provide this individual with a free TFN membership .

• Determine who is currently using the two t-bars already erected at the site, and for what purposes . There many be opportunities for data or materials sharing .

• TFN would like to invite a member of the Mycological Society of Toronto to participate in the Monitoring session in late April .

• TFN would like to invite a member of the Toronto Entomologists’ Association to participate in the Monitoring Session in June .

• TFN would like to invite a member of the Toronto Ornithological Club to participate in a Monitoring Session (date TBD) .

9 RESTORATION & STEWARDSHIP

TFN volunteers greatly enjoyed the two stewardship events we participated in at Cottonwood Flats in 2017 . These provided an excellent opportunity for team-building, community-engagement, and allowed volunteers to make positive contributions to the ecological health of the area .

Our major concern regarding stewardship at Cottonwood Flats is that no formal restoration and stewardship plan exists . Under the current ecological trajectory, we anticipate ongoing invasion of the meadow both by exotic species and woody natives which, without strategic management of these influences, would see the Flats continue to transition to the more typical urban vegetation community found throughout the Don Valley .

TFN strongly encourages the City to formalize a long-term restoration and stewardship plan for Cottonwood Flats . Such a plan should describe and support a target ecological trajectory of the site, with a specific emphasis on the cultivation and/ or protection of wildlife habitat for specific target species .

Given TFN’s commitment to CFMP, the dedication and expertise of our project volunteers, and our enthusiasm for protecting the Flats itself, we would request the opportunity to participate in design and decision-making related this plan .

Until an official restoration & stewardship plan is formalized, TFN makes the following near-term recommendations:

• Favour efforts to remove exotic and invasive species over the planting of native species .

• Monitor and limit the spread of woody and/or rhizomatous, grove-producing species in or near the existing meadow to help preserve that habitat . Of particular concern here is staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), and grey dogwood (Cornus racemosa) .

• Focus on the removal of tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), dog-strangling vine (Vincetoxicum rossicum), Manitoba maple (Acer negundo), buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), and mugworts (Artemisia sp.) over other species . While white sweet clover (Melilotus albus) is a significant issue, it provides greater habitat value than the aforementioned species, and can be deprioritized for the time being to make best use of available resources .

• Follow up exotic or invasive species removal with native seed spreading in affected areas

• For plantings/seedings in or around the meadow area we recommend: Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), common thimbleweed (Anemone hupehensis), poverty oat grass (Danthonia spicata), showy tick trefoil (Desmodium canadense), Canada wild-rye (Elymus canadensis), wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca), woodland sunflower (Helianthus divaricatus), wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa), black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta), hoary vervain (Verbena stricta), biennial evening primrose (Oenothera biennis), grey goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis), New England aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae), common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) .

• For plantings/seedings along the riverbank or in woodland area we recommend: butternut (Juglans cinerea), basswood (Tilia americana), glaucous honeysuckle (Lonicera dioica), smooth rose (Rosa blanda), ironwood (Ostrya virginiana) .

• Limit stewardship to one planting a year, and use seed spreading for any other habitat enhancement events .

• For all plantings/seedings, make sure materials are native to Toronto and from a verified local seed source like High Park or Lambton Park .

• Work to maintain about the same ratio of meadow to woodland as now

• Encourage increased visitation from by-law officers to help reduce routine damage by off-leash dogs and inappropriate human use . 10 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: COMPILED FLORA DATA

Data presented in this section has been compiled from all flora logs submitted during the 2017 season . Where cover- abundance estimates differed, those recorded during Vegetation Assessment #2 were considered authoritative . Where such differences were significant, coverage was re-evaluated in August to confirm final figures .

LEGEND

DG Dominant groundcover with no precise estimate of population or distribution ND Species noted, but no population or distribution data recorded SD  Sparsely distributed throughout plot, making exact estimate impractical but certainly less than 3% Blue Text Exotic species Red Text Species identified to level of Genus only. Green Text Species does not appear in Beechwood Wetland and Cottonwood Flats Terrestrial Biological Inventory and Assessment (TRCA, 2010).

MAP LEGEND

11 PLOT 1

12 PLOT 1

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PLOT 1 NOTES

Acer negundo Manitoba maple SD Seeding: MS3,MS4 Achillea millefolium Common yarrow SD Agrostis gigantea Redtop grass SD Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed SD Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass SD Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace SD Flowering: MS5 Echium vulgare Viper’s bugloss 1.00% Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Elymus repens Quack grass SD Erigeron strigosus Rough fleabane SD Flowering: Veg2 Erysimum hieraciifolium European wallflower SD Festuca rubra Red fescue SD Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash 1 tree Budding: MS3 Hypericum perforatum St. John’s wort SD Linaria vulgaris Common toadflax (butter-and-eggs) SD Lolium perenne Perennial rye SD Medicago lupulina Black medick SD Flowering: MS4 Melilotus albus White sweet clover SD Flowering: Veg2 Morus alba White mulberry 2-3 trees Poa compressa Flat-stemmed blue grass SD Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass SD Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood 40.00% Budding: Veg1; Catkins: MS3; Galls: MS5 Potentilla spp. Cinquefoil 2 stems Rhamnus cathartica European buckthorn SD Leafing: MS3 Securigera varia Crownvetch 20.00% Flowering: Veg2 Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod 10.00% Symphyotrichum ericoides Heath aster SD Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 30.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion SD Flowering: MS3 Ulmus pumila Siberian elm 2 saplings Seeding: MS3 Verbascum thapsus Common mullein 1 stem Vincetoxicum rossicum Dog-strangling vine 10.00% Flowering: MS4; Seeding: Veg2,MS5 Vitis riparia Riverbank grape SD

13 PLOT 2

14 PLOT 2

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PLOT 2 NOTES

Acer negundo Manitoba maple 1 seedling Seeding: MS3,MS4 Achillea millefolium Common yarrow SD Agrostis gigantea Redtop grass SD Cirsium arvense Creeping thistle 5.00% Flowering: MS5 Echium vulgare Viper’s bugloss 1.00% Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Elymus repens Quack grass SD Erigeron strigosus Rough fleabane 10 plants Flowering: Veg2 Festuca rubra Red fescue SD Hypericum perforatum St. John’s wort 3 plants Lolium perenne Perennial rye SD Lotus corniculatus Birdsfoot trefoil SD Phalaris arundinacea Reed canary grass 0.50% Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass SD Poa spp. Grass DG Flowering: MS3; Seeding: MS4 Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood 6.50% Budding: Veg1; Catkins: MS3; Galls: MS5 Securigera varia Crownvetch 35.00% Flowering: Veg2 Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod 15.00% Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 5.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Vincetoxicum rossicum Dog-strangling vine 10.00% Flowering: MS4; Seeding: Veg2,MS5

15 PLOT 3

16 PLOT 3

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PLOT 3 NOTES

Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed 1 plant Artemisia absinthium Wormwood 10 plants Asclepias syriaca Common milkweed 10 plants Seeding: MS5 Cardamine impatiens Balsam bittercress 2.00% Centaurea maculosa Spotted knapweed <1% Cirsium arvense Creeping thistle 5.00% Flowering: MS5 Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle 1 plant Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace 2.00% Flowering: MS5 Dipsacus sylvestris Fuller’s teasel 3.00% Flowering: Veg2 Elymus repens Quack grass <1% Festuca rubra Red fescue DG Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash 70.00% Budding: MS3 Hypericum perforatum St. John’s wort 2 plants Melilotus albus White sweet clover 3 plants Flowering: Veg2 Nepeta cataria Catnip 1 plant Flowering: Veg2 Poa spp. Grass DG Flowering: MS3; Seeding: MS4 Polygonum persicaria Lady’s-thumb Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood 10.00% Budding: Veg1; Catkins: MS3; Galls: MS5 Rumex xcrispus Curly dock 1 plant Flowering: MS4 Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod 10.00% Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 5.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Vincetoxicum rossicum Dog-strangling vine 10.00% Flowering: MS4; Seeding: Veg2,MS5

17 PLOT 4

18 PLOT 4

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PLOT 4 NOTES

Asclepias syriaca Common milkweed 1 plant Seeding: MS5 Cichorium intybus Chicory 5.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace 2.00% Flowering: MS5 Echium vulgare Viper’s bugloss <1% Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Erigeron strigosus Rough fleabane <1% Flowering: Veg2 Festuca rubra Red fescue DG Juglans nigra Black walnut 3 seedlings Medicago lupulina Black medick 5.00% Flowering: MS4 Melilotus albus White sweet clover 25.00% Flowering: Veg2 Poa palustris Fowl meadow-grass DG Poa spp. Grass DG Flowering: MS3; Seeding: MS4 Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood 50.00% Budding: Veg1; Catkins: MS3; Galls: MS5 Rhamnus cathartica European buckthorn 5 plants Leafing: MS3 Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac 10.00% Fruiting: Veg2,MS5 Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust 10.00% Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod 30.00% Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 20.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion 20 plants Flowering: MS3 Verbascum thapsus Common mullein 1 plant Vitis riparia Riverbank grape 1 seedling

19 PLOT 5

20 PLOT 5

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PLOT 5 NOTES

Acer negundo Manitoba maple 1 tree Seeding: MS3,MS4 Achillea millefolium Common yarrow SD Flowering: MS4 Agrostis gigantea Redtop grass SD Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved sandwort SD Asclepias syriaca Common milkweed SD Seeding: MS5 Carex spicata Prickly sedge SD Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace 2 stems Flowering: MS5 Echium vulgare Viper’s bugloss 5.00% Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Elymus repens Quack grass SD Erigeron annuus Daisy fleabane ND Euphorbia vermiculata Hairy sandmat SD Festuca rubra Red fescue SD Hieracium spp. Hawkweed 1.00% Hypericum perforatum St. John’s wort SD Juglans nigra Black walnut 1 seedling Lepidium campestre Field pepperwort SD Linaria vulgaris Common toadflax (butter-and-eggs) SD Malus pumila Apple tree 2 stems Medicago lupulina Black medick SD Flowering: MS4 Melilotus albus White sweet clover 30.00% Flowering: Veg2 Morus alba White mulberry SD Plantago lanceolata English plantain SD Poa compressa Flat-stemmed blue grass SD Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass SD Poa spp. Grass DG Flowering: MS3; Seeding: MS4 Potentilla recta Sulphur cinquefoil SD Flowering:MS4 Potentilla spp. Cinquefoil 1.00% Rhamnus cathartica European buckthorn SD Leafing: MS3 Silene latifolia White campion SD Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet nightshade Berries: MS5 Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod 5.00% Symphyotrichum ericoides Heath aster SD Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 50.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Tragopogon spp. Salsify SD Trifolium spp. Clover 1.00% Verbascum thapsus Common mullein SD Vincetoxicum rossicum Dog-strangling vine SD Flowering: MS4; Seeding: Veg2,MS5

21 PLOT 6

22 PLOT 6

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PLOT 6 NOTES

Achillea millefolium Common yarrow ND Flowering: MS4 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed ND Artemisia spp. Mugwort 3.00% Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace 3.00% Flowering: MS5 Echium vulgare Viper’s bugloss ND Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Elymus repens Quack grass ND Erigeron annuus Daisy fleabane ND Eryngium planum Sea holly ND Flowering: Veg2;Seeding: MS5 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash 5.00% Budding: MS3 Linaria vulgaris Common toadflax (butter-and-eggs) ND Malva moschata Musk mallow ND Medicago lupulina Black medick ND Flowering: MS4 Melilotus albus White sweet clover 10.00% Flowering: Veg2 Poa spp. Grass DG Flowering: MS3;Seeding: MS4 Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood 40.00% Budding: Veg1;Catkins: MS3; Galls: MS5 Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac ND Fruiting: Veg2,MS5 Salix exigua Sandbar willow 5.00% Catkins: MS3 Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod 8.00% Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 10.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion ND Flowering: MS3 Vicia cracca Cow vetch 5 plants Vitis riparia Riverbank grape ND

23 PLOT 7

24 PLOT 7

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PLOT 7 NOTES

Acer negundo Manitoba maple 30.00% Seeding: MS3,MS4 Ageratina altissima White snakeroot 20 plants Alliaria petiolata Garlic mustard 10 plants Flowering: MS3 Arctium lappa Greater burdock 3.00% Bromus tectorum Downy chess SD Cardamine impatiens Balsam bittercress SD Celastrus orbiculatus Asian bittersweet 5.00% Chenopodium album Lamb’s quarters SD Cichorium intybus Chicory 1 plant Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Cirsium arvense Creeping thistle SD Flowering: MS5 Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle 4 plants Cornus alternifolia Alternate Dogwood 1 plant Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace 3 plants Flowering: MS5 Elymus riparius Riverbank wild rye 15-20 plants Elymus virginicus Virginia wild rye ~10 plants Erigeron annuus Daisy fleabane 1 plant Erigeron canadensis Horseweed 4 plants Erigeron strigosus Rough fleabane SD Flowering: Veg2 Fallopia japonica Japanese knotweed 10.00% Flowering: MS4 Hesperis matronalis Dame’s rocket ND Flowering: MS4 Lactuca serriola Prickly lettuce 1 plant Linaria vulgaris Common toadflax (butter-and-eggs) SD Lolium perenne Perennial rye SD Lycopus europaeus European bugleweed SD Medicago lupulina Black medick SD Flowering: MS4 Melilotus albus White sweet clover SD Flowering: Veg2 Morus alba White mulberry 1 seedling Nepeta cataria Catnip <1% Flowering: Veg2 Nepeta spp. Catmint 5.00% Oenothera biennis Common evening primrose 4 plants Oxalis stricta Yellow wood-sorrel SD Phalaris arundinacea Reed canary grass SD Phleum pratense Timothy-grass SD Plantago rugelii Red-stemmed plantain SD Poa compressa Flat-stemmed blue grass SD Poa nemoralis Wood bluegrass SD Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass SD Poa spp. Grass DG Flowering: MS3;Seeding: MS4

25 PLOT 7 – Cont.

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PLOT 7 NOTES

Polygonum persicaria Lady’s-thumb 1 plant Prunus virginiana Chokecherry SD Ranunculus repens Creeping buttercup SD Rhamnus cathartica European buckthorn 6 trees Leafing: MS3 Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac 5.00% Fruiting: Veg2,MS5 Ribes rubrum Red currant SD Rumex xcrispus Curly dock ND Flowering: MS4 Saponaria officinalis Bouncing bet SD Silene latifolia White campion 1 plant Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet nightshade 4 plants Berries: MS5 Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod 1.00% Symphyotrichum ericoides Heath aster SD Symphyotrichum lanceolatum Panicled aster SD Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 30.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion 10 plants Flowering: MS3 Verbascum thapsus Common mullein 4 plants Verbena urticifolia White vervain SD Vincetoxicum rossicum Dog-strangling vine 7.50% Flowering: MS4;Seeding:Veg2,MS5 Vitis riparia Riverbank grape 15 plants

26 PLOT 8

27 PLOT 8

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PLOT 8 NOTES

Achillea millefolium Common yarrow 5.00% Flowering: MS4 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed 2 plants Artemisia spp. Mugwort ND Centaurea maculosa Spotted knapweed 5.00% Cichorium intybus Chicory 10 plants Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace 5 plants Flowering: MS5 Echium vulgare Viper’s bugloss ND Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Eryngium planum Sea holly 1 plant Flowering: Veg2;Seeding: MS5 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash 20.00% Budding: MS3 Hypericum perforatum St. John’s wort 5 plants Lotus corniculatus Birdsfoot trefoil 10 plants Medicago lupulina Black medick ND Flowering: MS4 Melilotus albus White sweet clover 20 plants Flowering: Veg2 Nepeta cataria Catnip 1 plant Flowering: Veg2 Poa spp. Grass DG Flowering: MS3;Seeding: MS4 Potentilla recta Sulphur cinquefoil 20 plants Flowering:MS4 Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac 5.00% Fruiting: Veg2,MS5 Rumex xcrispus Curly dock 5 plants Flowering: MS4 Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod 10.00% Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 10.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion 1 plant Flowering: MS3 Verbascum thapsus Common mullein 5 plants

28 PLOT 9

29 PLOT 9

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PLOT 9 NOTES

Acer negundo Manitoba maple 1 tree Seeding: MS3,MS4 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed 3 plants Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace 5.00% Flowering: MS5 Echium vulgare Viper’s bugloss 1 rosette Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash 5.00% Budding: MS3 Juniperus virginiana Eastern red cedar 1 tree Medicago lupulina Black medick 5.00% Flowering: MS4 Melilotus albus White sweet clover 5.00% Flowering: Veg2 Nepeta cataria Catnip 1.00% Flowering: Veg2 Poa spp. Grass 5.00% Flowering: MS3;Seeding: MS4 Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood 50.00% Budding: Veg1;Catkins: MS3; Galls: MS5 Rhamnus cathartica European buckthorn 1 sapling Leafing: MS3 Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac 5.00% Fruiting: Veg2,MS5 Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust 1 seedling Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod 30.00% Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 20.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Ulmus pumila Siberian elm 2 plants Seeding: MS3 Vincetoxicum rossicum Dog-strangling vine 10.00% Flowering: MS4;Seeding:Veg2,MS5 Vitis riparia Riverbank grape 1.00%

30 PLOT 10

31 PLOT 10

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PLOT 10 NOTES

Acer negundo Manitoba maple 10.00% Seeding: MS3,MS4 Alliaria petiolata Garlic mustard 1.00% Flowering: MS3 Cichorium intybus Chicory 1.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Cirsium arvense Creeping thistle 1.00% Flowering: MS5 Cornus sericea Red osier dogwood 2.00% Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace 1.00% Flowering: MS5 Echium vulgare Viper’s bugloss 1.00% Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Erigeron strigosus Rough fleabane 1.00% Flowering: Veg2 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash 5.00% Budding: MS3 Hypericum perforatum St. John’s wort 1.00% Linaria vulgaris Common toadflax (butter-and-eggs) 1.00% Lonicera tatarica Tatarian honeysuckle 4 plants Flowering: MS3 Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife <1% Medicago lupulina Black medick 5.00% Flowering: MS4 Nepeta cataria Catnip 1.00% Flowering: Veg2 Phleum pratense Timothy-grass 5.00% Pinus nigra Austrian pine 1 tree Poa spp. Grass 10.00% Flowering: MS3;Seeding: MS4 Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood 5.00% Budding: Veg1;Catkins: MS3; Galls: MS5 Ranunculus acris Tall buttercup 1 plant Flowering: MS4 Rhamnus cathartica European buckthorn 10.00% Leafing: MS3 Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac 5.00% Fruiting: Veg2,MS5 Rubus spp. 1 plant Securigera varia Crownvetch 10.00% Flowering: Veg2 Silene latifolia White campion 1.00% Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod 5.00% Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 30.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion 3 plants Flowering: MS3 Trifolium spp. Clover 1.00% Vincetoxicum rossicum Dog-strangling vine 10.00% Flowering: MS4;Seeding:Veg2,MS5

32 COMPLETE DATA SET (ALL PLOTS)

SCIENTIFIC COMMON PLOT 1 PLOT 2 PLOT 3 PLOT 4 PLOT 5 PLOT 6 PLOT 7 PLOT 8 PLOT 9 PLOT 10 NOTES NAME NAME

Acer negundo Manitoba maple SD 1 seedling 1 tree 30.00% 1 tree 10.00% Seeding: MS3,MS4 Achillea millefolium Common yarrow SD SD SD ND 5.00% Flowering: MS4 Ageratina altissima White snakeroot 20 plants Agrostis gigantea Redtop grass SD SD SD Alliaria petiolata Garlic mustard 10 plants 1.00% Flowering: MS3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed SD 1 plant ND 2 plants 3 plants Arctium lappa Greater burdock 3.00% Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved sandwort SD Artemisia absinthium Wormwood 10 plants Artemisia spp. Mugwort 3.00% ND Asclepias syriaca Common milkweed 10 plants 1 plant SD Seeding: MS5 Bromus tectorum Downy chess SD Cardamine impatiens Balsam bittercress 2.00% SD Carex spicata Prickly sedge SD Celastrus orbiculatus Asian bittersweet 5.00% Centaurea maculosa Spotted knapweed <1% 5.00% Chenopodium album Lamb’s quarters SD Cichorium intybus Chicory 5.00% 1 plant 10 plants 1.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Cirsium arvense Creeping thistle 5.00% 5.00% SD 1.00% Flowering: MS5 Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle 1 plant 4 plants Cornus sericea Red osier dogwood 2.00% Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass SD Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace SD 2.00% 2.00% 2 stems 3.00% 3 plants 5 plants 5.00% 1.00% Flowering: MS5 Dipsacus sylvestris Fuller’s teasel 3.00% Flowering: Veg2 Echium vulgare Viper’s bugloss 1.00% 1.00% <1% 5.00% ND ND 1 rosette 1.00% Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Elymus repens Quack grass SD SD <1% SD ND Elymus riparius Riverbank wild rye 15-20 plants

33 COMPLETE DATA SET (ALL PLOTS) – Cont.

SCIENTIFIC COMMON PLOT 1 PLOT 2 PLOT 3 PLOT 4 PLOT 5 PLOT 6 PLOT 7 PLOT 8 PLOT 9 PLOT 10 NOTES NAME NAME

Elymus virginicus Virginia wild rye ~10 plants Erigeron annuus Daisy fleabane ND ND 1 plant Erigeron canadensis Horseweed 4 plants Erigeron strigosus Rough fleabane SD 10 plants <1% SD 1.00% Flowering: Veg2 Eryngium planum Sea holly ND 1 plant Flowering: Veg2; Seeding: MS5 Erysimum hieraciifolium European wallflower SD Euphorbia vermiculata Hairy sandmat SD Fallopia japonica Japanese knotweed 10.00% Flowering: MS4 Festuca rubra Red fescue SD SD DG DG SD Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash 1 tree 70.00% 5.00% 20.00% 5.00% 5.00% Budding: MS3 Hesperis matronalis Dame’s rocket ND Flowering: MS4 Hieracium spp. Hawkweed 1.00% Hypericum perforatum St. John’s wort SD 3 plants 2 plants SD 5 plants 1.00% Juglans nigra Black walnut 3 seedlings 1 seedling Juniperus virginiana Eastern red cedar 1 tree Lactuca serriola Prickly lettuce 1 plant Lepidium campestre Field pepperwort SD Linaria vulgaris Common toadflax(butter-and-eggs) SD SD ND SD 1.00% Lolium perenne Perennial rye SD SD SD Lonicera tatarica Tatarian honeysuckle 4 plants Flowering: MS3 Lotus corniculatus Birdsfoot trefoil SD 10 plants Lycopus europaeus European bugleweed SD Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife <1% Malus pumila Apple tree 2 stems Malva moschata Musk mallow ND Medicago lupulina Black medick SD 5.00% SD ND SD ND 5.00% 5.00% Flowering: MS4 Melilotus albus White sweet clover SD 3 plants 25.00% 30.00% 10.00% SD 20 plants 5.00% Flowering: Veg2 Morus alba White mulberry 2-3 trees SD 1 seedling Nepeta cataria Catnip 1 plant <1% 1 plant 1.00% 1.00% Flowering: Veg2 Nepeta spp. Catmint 5.00% Oenothera biennis Common evening primrose 4 plants Oxalis stricta Yellow wood-sorrel SD

34 COMPLETE DATA SET (ALL PLOTS) – Cont.

SCIENTIFIC COMMON PLOT 1 PLOT 2 PLOT 3 PLOT 4 PLOT 5 PLOT 6 PLOT 7 PLOT 8 PLOT 9 PLOT 10 NOTES NAME NAME

Phalaris arundinacea Reed canary grass 0.50% SD Phleum pratense Timothy-grass SD 5.00% Pinus nigra Austrian pine 1 tree Plantago lanceolata English plantain SD Plantago rugelii Red-stemmed plantain SD Poa compressa Flat-stemmed blue grass SD SD SD Poa nemoralis Wood bluegrass SD Poa palustris Fowl meadow-grass DG Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass SD SD SD SD Poa spp. Grass DG DG DG DG DG DG DG 5.00% 10.00% Flowering: MS3; Seeding: MS4 Polygonum persicaria Lady’s-thumb 1 plant Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood 40.00% 6.50% 10.00% 50.00% 40.00% 50.00% 5.00% Budding: Veg1; Catkins: MS3; Galls: MS5 Potentilla recta Sulphur cinquefoil SD 20 plants Flowering: MS4 Potentilla spp. Cinquefoil 2 stems 1.00% Prunus virginiana Chokecherry SD Ranunculus acris Tall buttercup 1 plant Flowering: MS4 Ranunculus repens Creeping buttercup SD Rhamnus cathartica European buckthorn SD 5 plants SD 6 trees 1 sapling 10.00% Leafing: MS3 Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac 10.00% ND 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% Fruiting: Veg2,MS5 Ribes rubrum Red currant SD Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust 10.00% 1 seedling Rubus spp. 1 plant Rumex xcrispus Curly dock 1 plant ND 5 plants Flowering: MS4 Salix exigua Sandbar willow 5.00% 1 plant Catkins: MS3 Saponaria officinalis Bouncing bet SD Securigera varia Crownvetch 20.00% 35.00% 10.00% Flowering: Veg2 Silene latifolia White campion SD 1 plant 1.00% Flowering: MS4,Veg2 Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet nightshade 4 plants Berries: MS5 Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod 10.00% 15.00% 10.00% 30.00% 5.00% 8.00% 1.00% 10.00% 30.00% 5.00% Symphyotrichum ericoides Heath aster SD SD SD Symphyotrichum lanceolatum Panicled aster SD

35 COMPLETE DATA SET (ALL PLOTS) – Cont.

SCIENTIFIC COMMON PLOT 1 PLOT 2 PLOT 3 PLOT 4 PLOT 5 PLOT 6 PLOT 7 PLOT 8 PLOT 9 PLOT 10 NOTES NAME NAME

Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 30.00% 5.00% 5.00% 20.00% 50.00% 10.00% 30.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% Flowering: Veg2,MS5 Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion SD 20 plants ND 10 plants 1 plant 3 plants Flowering: MS3 Tragopogon spp. Salsify SD Trifolium spp. Clover 1.00% 1.00% Ulmus pumila Siberian elm 2 saplings 2 plants Seeding: MS3 Verbascum thapsus Common mullein 1 stem 1 plant SD 4 plants 5 plants Verbena urticifolia White vervain SD Vicia cracca Cow vetch 5 plants Vincetoxicum rossicum Dog-strangling vine 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% SD 7.50% 10.00% 10.00% Flowering: MS4; Seeding: Veg2,MS5 Vitis riparia Riverbank grape SD 1 seedling ND 15 plants 1.00%

36 APPENDIX B: COMPILED FAUNA DATA

Data presented in this section has been compiled from all fauna logs submitted during the 2017 season . Species were logged on a plot by plot basis, and the possibility exists that the same animal may have been logged multiple times as it moved between plots .

COMPLETE DATA SET (ALL PLOTS)

SCIENTIFIC COMMON PLOT 1 PLOT 2 PLOT 3 PLOT 4 PLOT 5 PLOT 6 PLOT 7 PLOT 8 PLOT 9 PLOT 10 CIRCLE NAME NAME

Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged blackbird 2 4 1 6 2 3 23 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard 2 Bombus sp Bumblebee 4 1 Cardinalis cardinalis Northern cardinal 1 Celastrina ladon Spring azure butterfly 7 2 Coenonympha tullia Inornate ringlet butterfly 5 2 1 1 2 Cupido comyntas Eastern tailed-blue butterfly 2 Danaus plexippus Monarch butterfly 4 1 4 1 2 Dumetella carolinensis Gray catbird 1 2 Icterus galbula Baltimore Oriole 1 2 3 Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed junco 1 Megisto cymela Little wood satyr butterfly 1 2 1 1 2 Melospiza melodia Song sparrow 4 2 1 2 2 2 Molothrus ater Brown-headed cowbird 1 Papilio glaucus Eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly 1 Picoides villosus Hairy woodpecker 1 1 1 Pieris rapae Cabbage white butterfly 1 1 4 3 1 3 Poecile atricapillus Black-capped chickadee 3 1 1 Quiscalus quiscula Common grackle 1 1 Sayornis phoebe Eastern phoebe 1 Setophaga petechia Yellow warbler 2 1 1 Spinus tristis American goldfinch 1 1 3 1 2 13 Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern cottontail 1 1 1 Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow 2 2 1 2 8 Turdus migratorius American Robin 3 2 1 5 1 4 3 1 10 Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern kingbird 2 1 Vireo gilvus Warbling vireo 1 1 1 1

37 COMPLETE DATA SET (BY DATE)

SCIENTIFIC COMMON MS1 VEG1 MS2 MS3 MS4 VEG2 MS5 MS6 NAME NAME Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged blackbird 5 1 6 15 14 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard 2 Bombus sp Bumblebee 1 4 Cardinalis cardinalis Northern cardinal 1 Celastrina ladon Spring azure butterfly 9 Coenonympha tullia Inornate ringlet butterfly 11 Cupido comyntas Eastern tailed-blue butterfly 2 Danaus plexippus Monarch butterfly 5 7 Dumetella carolinensis Gray catbird 1 2 Icterus galbula Baltimore Oriole 3 2 1 Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed junco 1 Megisto cymela Little wood satyr butterfly 7 Melospiza melodia Song sparrow 1 1 1 2 4 3 1 Molothrus ater Brown-headed cowbird 1 Papilio glaucus Eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly 1 Picoides villosus Hairy woodpecker 1 1 1 Pieris rapae Cabbage white butterfly 5 8 Poecile atricapillus Black-capped chickadee 2 3 Quiscalus quiscula Common grackle 1 1 Sayornis phoebe Eastern phoebe 1 Setophaga petechia Yellow warbler 1 3 Spinus tristis American goldfinch 3 1 8 3 6 Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern cottontail 1 1 1 Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow 9 2 4 Turdus migratorius American Robin 12 9 1 3 5 Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern kingbird 1 1 1 Vireo gilvus Warbling vireo 1 3

38 LOCATIONS OF BEAVER ACTIVITY

APPENDIX C: HUMAN USE DATA

Human use data was collected by the CFMP Site Ambassador and reflects observations recorded along the trail that connects the Lower Don Recreational Trail to Sun Valley / Crothers Woods . Individuals and/or dogs may have been counted more than once if they made a return journey and the Site Ambassador did not recognize them .

SIGHTING MS1 VEG1 MS2 MS3 MS4 VEG2 MS5 MS6

Person, on foot 72 46 37 31 49 - 17 - Person, on bike 12 2 62 40 50 - 5 - Dog, on leash 13 5 5 9 8 - 11 - Dog, off leash 31 7 19 2 25 - 7 -

39 APPENDIX D: ASSESSMENT AND SESSION NOTES MS1: MONITORING SESSION #1

Date Sun April 2, 9:00am - 11:00am Temperature 6°C to 8°C Beaufort Sky Code 1 (partly cloudy) Beaufort Wind Code 1 (light) to 2 (light breeze); NW Flora ID Agneta Szabo Fauna ID Nadine Price Stephen Kamnitzer Ken Morin Anne Powell Photographer Ken Sproule Site Ambassador Kristina Jackson Other participants Liz Menard Administrator Jason Ramsay-Brown

VEG1: VEGETATION ASSESSMENT #1

Date Sat April 15, 10:00am – 12:00pm Temperature 8°C to 9°C Beaufort Sky Code 5 (drizzle) to 6 (rain) Beaufort Wind Code 1 (light) to 2 (light breeze); S/SE Flora ID Stephen Smith Nancy Dengler Fauna ID Ken Sproule Photographer Lillian Natalizio Site Ambassador Kristina Jackson Other participants Liz Menard Administrator Jason Ramsay-Brown

40 MS2: MONITORING SESSION #2

Date Sat April 29, 10:00am - 12:00pm Temperature 13°C to 14°C Beaufort Sky Code 2 (continuous cloud) to 5 (drizzle) Beaufort Wind Code 2 (light breeze) to 3 (gentle breeze); S/SE Flora ID Mehdi Zarrei Fauna ID Bob Kortright Ken Sproule Rachel Gottesman Photographer Viktor Moroz Site Ambassador Charles Bruce-Thompson Other participants Eve Smelter Administrator Jason Ramsay-Brown

MS3: MONITORING SESSION #3

Date Mon May 15, 6:30pm - 8:30pm Temperature 16°C to 19°C Beaufort Sky Code 1 (partly cloudy) Beaufort Wind Code 1 (light) to 2 (light breeze); N/NW Flora ID Kristyn Housman Anne Purvis Fauna ID Carol Sellers Anne Powell Jim Grass Petra Grass Photographer Lillian Natalizio Site Ambassador Kristina Jackson Other participants Administrator Jason Ramsay-Brown

41 MS4: MONITORING SESSION #4

Date Sat June 10, 10:00am - 12:00pm Temperature 24°C Beaufort Sky Code 1 (partly cloudy) Beaufort Wind Code 2 (light breeze) to 3 (gentle breeze); N/NW Flora ID Bob Kortright Fauna ID Carol Sellers Anne Powell Charles Bruce-Thompson Photographer Viktor Moroz Site Ambassador Kristina Jackson Other participants Administrator Jason Ramsay-Brown

VEG2: VEGETATION ASSESSMENT #2

Date Sun July 23, 10:00am - 12:00pm Temperature 23°C to 26°C Beaufort Sky Code 2 (continuous cloud) Beaufort Wind Code 1 (light) to 3 (gentle breeze); N/NW Flora ID Stephen Smith Gavin Miller Mike Donnan Tim Dickinson Agneta Szabo Fauna ID Ken Sproule Photographer David Wallace Barr Site Ambassador Other participants Administrator Jason Ramsay-Brown

42 MS5: MONITORING SESSION #5

Date Tue August 22, 7:30am - 9:30am Temperature 24°C to 28°C Beaufort Sky Code 2 (continuous cloud) Beaufort Wind Code 0 (calm) to 2 (light breeze); S Flora ID Bob Kortright Fauna ID Charles Bruce-Thompson Anne Powell Jim Grass Petra Grass Photographer Jason Ramsay-Brown Site Ambassador Kristina Jackson Other participants Administrator Jason Ramsay-Brown

MS6: MONITORING SESSION #6

Scheduled for Sun October 15, 4:00pm – 6:00pm, this session was cancelled due to an extreme weather alert that resulted in downed power lines and tree branches in the immediate area .

43