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Phase Evolution of Ancient and Historical Ceramics
EMU Notes in Mineralogy, Vol. 20 (2019), Chapter 6, 233–281 The struggle between thermodynamics and kinetics: Phase evolution of ancient and historical ceramics 1 2 ROBERT B. HEIMANN and MARINO MAGGETTI 1Am Stadtpark 2A, D-02826 Go¨rlitz, Germany [email protected] 2University of Fribourg, Dept. of Geosciences, Earth Sciences, Chemin du Muse´e6, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland [email protected] This contribution is dedicated to the memory of Professor Ursula Martius Franklin, a true pioneer of archaeometric research, who passed away at her home in Toronto on July 22, 2016, at the age of 94. Making ceramics by firing of clay is essentially a reversal of the natural weathering process of rocks. Millennia ago, potters invented simple pyrotechnologies to recombine the chemical compounds once separated by weathering in order to obtain what is more or less a rock-like product shaped and decorated according to need and preference. Whereas Nature reconsolidates clays by long-term diagenetic or metamorphic transformation processes, potters exploit a ‘short-cut’ of these processes that affects the state of equilibrium of the system being transformed thermally. This ‘short-cut’ is thought to be akin to the development of mineral-reaction textures resulting from disequilibria established during rapidly heated pyrometamorphic events (Grapes, 2006) involving contact aureoles or reactions with xenoliths. In contrast to most naturally consolidated clays, the solidified rock-like ceramic material inherits non-equilibrium and statistical states best described as ‘frozen-in’. The more or less high temperatures applied to clays during ceramic firing result in a distinct state of sintering that is dependent on the firing temperature, the duration of firing, the firing atmosphere, and the composition and grain-size distribution of the clay. -
01 Schultz Hansen 03.02.2015 19:19 Uhr Seite 11
01 Schultz Hansen 03.02.2015 19:19 Uhr Seite 11 Hans Schultz Hansen Der Weg in die Katastrophe 11 Der Krieg 1864 in der aktuellen dänischen Geschichts- Hans Schultz Hansen: Düppel schreibung. Der Kieler Marinehistoriker Michael Salewski hat einmal festgestellt: „Der Krieg von Der Weg in die 1864 war für Dänemark eine Art Weltuntergang, 1 Katastrophe für Deutschland eine Marginalie“. Diese Aussage Die Vorgeschichte des Deutsch- ist bei der 150-jährigen Wiederkehr des Deutsch- Dänischen Krieges bestätigt worden. Während Dänischen Krieges 1864 aus dieses Jubiläum in Deutschland außerhalb von Schleswig-Holstein dänischer Perspektive kaum Beachtung gefunden hat, wurde es in Dänemark mit zahlreichen Veranstaltungen, Ausstellungen, Büchern und einer Fernsehreihe mar- kiert. Das Interesse war schon vorher durch die zwei vielgelesenen Bücher von Tom Buk-Swienty Slagtebænk Dybbøl und Dommedag Als gestiegen.2 Die beiden Bücher zeichnen sich besonders durch ihre men- schennahe Darstellung aus. Sie ist in erster Linie Geschichte von unten her gesehen. Die Vorgeschichte des Krieges 1864 und die politischen Verhältnis- se während des Krieges spielen dagegen bei Hans Vammes Den tomme stat eine zentrale Rolle.3 Der Kopenhagener Historiker vertritt eine langjährige Tradition, wenn er die Verantwortung für die katastrophale Niederlage vor allem bei den nationalistischen dänischen Politikern sucht, das heißt bei den Nationalkonservativen und den Nationallibera- 1 Michael Salewski: 1864 – ein deut- len. Besonders die letztgenannten sollen demnach eine „Fantasiepoli- sches Trauma? in: Carsten Jahnke und tik“ betrieben haben. Vammen sieht die Politik Dänemarks als einen Jes Fabricius Møller (Hrsg.): 1864 – großen Versuch, sich von den Verträgen mit Österreich und Preußen und der lange Schatten der Geschichte, von 1851/52 zu befreien, die eine Wiederherstellung des Gesamtstaates Husum 2011, S. -
De Nordiske Juristmøder 1872-1972
DE NORDISKE JURISTMØDER 1872-1972 HENRIK TAMM DE NORDISKE JURISTMØDER 1872 -1972 Nordisk Retssamvirke gennem 100 År Udgivet af De nordiske juristmøders danske styrelse Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck København 1972 © Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck A/S 1972 Billedredaktion: Barbara Marcus-Møller Printed in Denmark by Krohns Bogtrykkeri ISBN 87 1701516 2 INDHOLD Forord 7 I Ældre nordiske Forbindelser og Baggrunden for Møderne 11 II Forberedelserne til Mødet 1872 21 III Det første Møde i København 1872 40 IV Møderne i Stockholm 1875 og i Christiania 1878 50 v De syv Møder i Årene 1881-1902 59 VI De syv Møder i Mellemkrigsårene 1919—37 67 VII De otte seneste Møder 1948-69 92 VIII Hvilke Emner er behandlet 113 IX Emner fra Obligationsretten 115 A Veksler, Checks og Gældsbreve 115 B Søret 121 C Forældelse 123 D Forsikringslovgivning 126 E Aktieselskabslovgivning 128 F Købelov og Aftalelov 128 G Erstatningsret 134 1 Arbejderforsikring 134 2 Statens Ansvar for Tjenestemænd 136 3 Objektivt Ansvar 139 4 Ansvar for Børn 144 5 Erstatning for ideel Skade 146 6 Erstatningens Udmåling 147 7 Almindelig Erstatningsret 148 x Emner fra Ejendomsretten 154 A Tinglysning (Inskrivning) 154 B Begrænsninger i Ejendomsretten 156 C Vindikation 158 xi Emner fra Immaterielretten 160 XII Emner fra Person-, Familie- og Arveretten 164 A Personret 164 B Familieret 164 C Arveret 168 XIII Emner fra Kriminalretten 170 XIV Emner fra Retsplejen 175 A Civilproces 180 B Straffeproces 183 C Konkursret 184 D Almindelige Retsplejespørgsmål 185 E Voldgift 189 XV Emner fra Statsforfatnings- og Forvaltningsretten 191 XVI Nordisk Lovfællesskab og Kodifikation 194 XVII Fortid, Nutid og Fremtid 205 FORORD De nordiske folks historie har gennem tiderne været præget af to indbyrdes modgående strømninger. -
P.O. Brøndsted's Relations to the Revival
P.O. Brøndsted’s relations to the Danish literary, artistic, national and political revival by Niels Henrik Holmqvist-Larsen Introduction: Brøndsted and the so-called and the titles of the papers I decided that some modest Golden Age of Denmark glimpse of the parish pump of Copenhagen with its ru Peter Oluf Brøndsted (fig. 1) and his works were im ral dependencies in the first half of the 19th Century portant in the cultural life of the so-called Danish might be a subject of some interest in the present con Golden Age. Contemporary writers actually sometimes text, especially to non-Danish speakers since much of used this expression, although the honest and decent the material concerning Brøndsted, in spite of the ef scientist Hans Christian Ørsted in the heyday of the era forts of Ejnar Dyggve, Otto Mørkholm, Ida Haugsted didn’t like it at all. He wrote to Adam Oehlenschläger and Jacob Isager among others, is still available only about “... the foolish conceit by which many writers in Danish.21 would make our time a Golden Age" .l But Brøndsted This essay is centered around the period after was a dedicated and most learned lover of Greek An Brøndsted’s return to Denmark in 1813 from his tra tiquity and the Greece of his days. He had a knowledge vels in Greece, and the period after his second return in of - and a feeling for - Greece, and as he communi 1832 until his death in 1842.3 My intention is to relate cated both scholarship and sentiments successfully to very briefly some incidents of Brøndsted’s life in his contemporaries we may be allowed to call his con Copenhagen and to write about some of his very many tribution to the Zeitgeist a golden one. -
How to Identify Old Chinese Porcelain
mmmKimmmmmmKmi^:^ lOW-TO-IDENTIFY OLD -CHINESE - PORCELAIN - j?s> -ii-?.aaig3)g'ggg5y.jgafE>j*iAjeE5egasgsKgy3Si CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE WASON CHINESE COLLECTION DATE DUE 1*-^'" """"^*^ NK 4565!h69" "-ibrary 3 1924 023 569 514 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023569514 'a4^(A<-^^ %//3 HOW TO IDENTIFY OLD CHINESE PORCELAIN PLATE r WHITE PORCELAIN "BLANC-DE-CHINE" PAIR OF BOWLS of pierced fret-work divided by five circular panels or medallions of raised figures in relief, supposed 10 represent the Pa-Sien or eight Immortals and the God of Longevity. Height, if in. Diameter, sfin. SEAL in the form of a cube surmounted by the figure of a lion Height, i^in. INCENSE BURNER, eight sided and ornamented by moulding in relief with eight feet and four handles. The sides have three bands enclosing scrolls in ancient bronze designs. At each angle of the cover is a knob; it is ornamented with iris and prunus, and by pierced spaces. The stand has eight feet and a knob at each angle ; in the centre is a flower surrounded by detached impressed scrolls, round the outside are similar panels to those on the bowl. Height, 4|in. Diameter of stand, 6f in. THE FIGURE OF A CRAB on a lotus leaf, the stem of which terminales in a flower. Length, 6| in. From Sir PV. fraiik^s Collection at the BritisJi Museum. S3 HOW TO IDENTIFY OLD CHINESE PORCELAIN BY MRS. -
Sevres Porcelain MAKERS and MARKS of the EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Sevres Porcelain MAKERS AND MARKS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Carl Christian Dauterman THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART New York 1986 Sevres Porcelain MAKERS AND MARKS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 45-t TABLEAU OES ~IAf\Qt:ES ET )IO~OGnA)lliES COXi\1iS, DES PEI~Tf\ES, DECORATEURS ET DOREURS DE LA MANUFACTURE ROYALE n~; POHCELAINE DE S~VRES, ch1>uis l':um(oc I 7:i3, ju•qu'itl't1>oque aclueUe (i), 1•• Jli::RIODE DE i7t33 A iSOO. Oi~r·:w,, DoutLLAT. Fleurs, pa)S(lgea. ~ :\ nni~D- Jknt·~, I'IC. -y. J'orh·ait•, minia- Bouquets deta- ,_/!),. ou.- A ASSBLCi. turc,;, Nc:. Ob .. BoutANGIDl· ches. DouquNs Mta· Bouquets deta· BAn. DULlDON. 05 cite~. OS-n~. ch.<$. BU:XBL PI·••), Gnirln ndt-s, Bouqnet6 dcta· , lJAnnAT. 'l11/. Docc,M.B nee !Jonquets. ches. ~ 1\I.uo" Bun.DJC . Orn i' menr~ , Fleur~, auri- DUT£UX p~re . BAt'DOUI~. frL•c~, etc. 612: y nul$ 1 CIC. Bouqou·t!l tl~Ut· Bonqoclll cleta- BenTnA.-;n. Bun;ux .GJ.s :Unc.! 6: cht~ _9. ch•~. elc. Sujets pnstoraux, Dt:T£UX lils BrE~F..uT. Ounm•. cofanta, etc. • 8 jcuoe. Friscs diverscs. Br,ST. fiOili[IICI• fllota• C.u>nL£. T. d>t.... A. Dt\ET (Mm•), Guitl;uul••, Bouquets cleta- C. \liDIN. cites. rJC; Jt{"t' hUilCJl.ld,, cp SoPuLB CUANou. Pn~·~.1gc, ligure Pnr~~agr, cha~. Bot·cU£'1'. CASTEL- 9 l'l fJrUt'IIICUll!. o. oiscaux. \ II) C!' tahll'an 'I"~ nou~ nwn• poi• •(lin •lr rrmlrr lo plu• comrlH pM~ihlc, poor co qui cooccrnc lr.! pit'rca falrrirJII<',.•• Nitre 11o1 l'l I Kiln. -
Danimarca=Danmark=Denmark
DANIMARCA DANIMARCA=DANMARK=DENMARK Kongeriget Danmark Regno di Danimarca Kobenhavn=Copenhagen 1.250.000---2.000.000 ab. (Dal 1020 al 1443, la capitale era Roskilde) Kmq. 43.074 (43.032)(43.069)(43.075)(43.076)(43.095) Compreso Kmq. 700 di acque interne. Rivendica (unitamente all’Islanda e all’Irlanda) alla GB lo scoglio di Rockall (per conto delle Isole Faroe). Alcune fattorie sul confine con la Germania sono exclave. Dispute per le acque territoriali con Polonia (Baltico intorno a Bornholm). Dispute per la acque territoriali con GB (presso le Isole Faroe). Dispute per la pesca con Cuba (Oceano Atlantico). Dispute per la pesca con Islanda/Irlanda/GB (presso le Isole Faroe). Movimento indipendentista a Christiania=Freetown Christiania. Movimento indipendentista nella Skania=Scania=Skaneland=Terra Scania (coinvolti anche territori svedesi). Movimento indipendentista tedesco nel Nord Schlewig. Movimento indipendentista nelle Isole Faroe. Movimento indipendentista nella Groenlandia. Movimento indipendentista a Bornholm. Ab. 5.050.000---5.500.000 Coefficiente natalità: 19,6% Coefficiente mortalità: 11,4% Danesi (96%) Tedeschi Svedesi Turchi Inglesi Norvegesi Faroesi Lingua Nazionale/Ufficiale: Danese=Danish Alfabetizzazione: 99% Ciechi: 10.000 Sordi: 320.000 (con 20 Istituzioni) Pagina 1 di 22 DANIMARCA Indice di diversità: 0.05 Chirmangichi=Kirmanjki Croati (5,000) Danese=Danish=Dansco=Dansk=Danese Centrale=Central Danish=Siellandese= Siaelland (5.000.000) Danese Gitano=Danese Zingaro=Gitano=Zingaro=Traveller Danish=Rodi= Rotvelo=Rotwelsch -
Newsletter 24-3 For
UUUUUUKKKKKK BBBBBBeeeeeelllllllllllleeeeeeeeeeeekkkkkkUK BelleekCCCCCCoooooo Collectors’lllllllllllleeeeee Groupcccccctttttt Newsletteroooooorrrrrrssssss 24/3,’’’’’’ SepteGGGGGGmberrrrrrr 2003oooooo uuuuuupppppp NNNNNNeeeeeewwwwwwsssssslllllleeeeeetttttttttttteeeeeerrrrrr NNNNNNuuuuuummmmmmbbbbbbeeeeeerrrrrr 222222444444//////333333 SSSSSSeeeeeepppppptttttteeeeeemmmmmmbbbbbbeeeeeerrrrrr 222222000000000000333333 Autumn is already creeping up on us but hopefully this latest Belleek Collectors’ Newsletter will keep some warmth in our lives, especially with its reminders of our sunny July weekend in Buckinghamshire. Contributions to the Newsletter will always be welcomed ––– anything about Belleek, of course, and any other news from the ceramic world in the past oorr present. It’s the way we can share information with everybodyeverybody in the Group and keep widening our knowledge. --- Gina Kelland Page 111 UK Belleek Collectors’ Group Newsletter 24/3, September 2003 Contacts: Gina Kelland compiles the Newsletter, so please let her have your contributions, comments, suggestions, letters for publication, criticisms etc. If you are sending published articles please either get Copyright clearance or enclose the details of the publisher so Gina can ask for permission. Gina’s email [email protected] Chris Marvell publishes the Newsletter, and he and Bev Marvell distribute it. He is also setting up a database which will form the Group’s archive, keeping a record of relevant publications and photographs (including photos etc. not published in the Newsletter). Chris’s email [email protected] Jan Golaszewski’s email [email protected] Our Treasurer, Simon Whitlock can be contacted by email at [email protected] and the Group’s Administrator, Bev Marvell at [email protected] . Our website is administered by Simon and can be found at Your Editor, Gina (right) and the Group http://www.belleek.org.uk/ . -
Or Toilet Purposes, of Porcelain Or China
No L 58/40 Official Journal of the European Communities 28 . 2. 78 COMMISSION DECISION of 18 January 1978 authorizing the French Republic not to apply Community treatment to table ware and other articles of a kind commonly used for domestic or toilet purposes, of porcelain or china (including biscuit porcelain and parian) or of other kinds of pottery other than common pottery or stoneware , falling within heading No 69.11 and subheadings 69.12 C and D of the Common Customs Tariff, originating in the People's Republic of China and in free circulation in the other Member States (Only the French text is authentic ) (78/ 187/EEC) THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN first paragraph of Article 115 , subject to the condi COMMUNITIES, tions specified in the Commission Decision of 12 May 1971 ('), and in particular Article 1 thereof, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular the first para graph of Article 115 thereof, HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION : Having regard to the application under the first para graph of Article 115 of the Treaty, made on 11 Article 1 January 1978 by the French Government to the Euro pean Communities, for authorization not to apply The French Republic is authorized not to apply Community treatment to tableware and other articles Community treatment to imports of tableware and of a kind commonly used for domestic or toilet other articles of a kind commonly used for domestic purposes, of porcelain or china (including biscuit or toilet purposes , of porcelain or china (including -
Chinese Glazed Biscuit 31
30. Pair of Chinese Glazed Biscuit 31. Superb Pair of Chinese Famille Porcelain Fu Lions Rose Semi Eggshell Porcelain KANGXI PERIOD, AD 1662-1722 Plates Finely modeled and bearing bold and YONGZHENG PERIOD, AD 1723-1735 energetic expressions. Decorated with fan shaped reserved with CHINESE ART Finely glazed in deep enamels. A rare pheasants on rockery; set upon a beautiful ESTABLISHED 1910 type. floral and diaper ground. Height: 10 ¼ inches Diameter: 8 ¼ inches Another very similar pair from the historic Similar plates; Former Martin Hurst Collection collection of Augustus the Strong are in the and a variant example in the Rijksmuseum, Zwinger Museum, Dresden. Amsterdam. 16 East 52nd Street, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10022 Tel: 212-397-2818 Fax: 212-319-0471 Email: [email protected] Web: www.rmchait.com his booklet presents a wide array of beautiful Chinese porcelains and works of art. It 3. Chinese Powder Blue Tincludes fine and most beautiful examples for both the Chinese and Western markets: Porcelain Rouleau Vase an important and well provenance archaistic bronze, Imperial Dragon plate, superb KANGXI PERIOD, AD 1662-1722 examples of famille verte and famille rose porcelains. In addition, we include bronze figures, China trade silver, and choice snuff bottles. All of these pieces are a representative Decorated in gilt with large reserves of flowering plants on the example of the many fine and rare objects at our gallery. We welcome your inquiries and front and back. would be delighted with your visit to our new gallery space at 16 East 52nd Street, 10th Floor. Height: 17 ¾ inches Our new gallery space has been completed in time for the season, and we look forward to many years in this wonderful new location. -
Some Continental Influences on English Porcelain
52925_English_Ceramics_vol19_pt3_book:Layout 1 24/7/08 09:12 Page 429 Some Continental Influences on English Porcelain A paper read by Errol Manners at the Courtauld Institute on the 15th October 2005 INTRODUCTION Early French soft-paste porcelain The history of the ceramics of any country is one of We are fortunate in having an early report on Saint- continual influence and borrowing from others. In the Cloud by an Englishman well qualified to comment case of England, whole technologies, such as those of on ceramics, Dr. Martin Lister, who devoted three delftware and salt-glazed stoneware, came from the pages of his Journey to Paris in the year 1698 (published continent along with their well-established artistic in 1699) to his visit to the factory. Dr. Lister, a traditions. Here they evolved and grew with that physician and naturalist and vice-president of the uniquely English genius with which we are so Royal Society, had knowledge of ceramic methods, as familiar. This subject has been treated by others, he knew Francis Place, 2 a pioneer of salt-glazed notably T.H. Clarke; I will endeavour to not repeat stoneware, and reported on the production of the too much of their work. I propose to try to establish Elers 3 brothers’ red-wares in the Royal Society some of the evidence for the earliest occurrence of Philosophical Transactions of 1693. 4 various continental porcelains in England from Dr.. Lister states ‘I saw the Potterie of St.Clou documentary sources and from the evidence of the (sic), with which I was marvellously well pleased: for I porcelain itself. -
University of Copenhagen
Unity Through Separation On the Construction of Danish Secularism Dabelsteen, Hans B. Publication date: 2015 Document version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (APA): Dabelsteen, H. B. (2015). Unity Through Separation: On the Construction of Danish Secularism. Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen . Ph.d. - serien Vol. 2015 No. 2 Download date: 30. sep.. 2021 UNITY THROUGH SEPARATION On the Construction of Danish Secularism [05-05-2015: minor text corrections] Hans Bruun Dabelsteen PhD Thesis The Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Political Science University of Copenhagen October 2014 To Maria and Hannah who animate my dreams CONTENTS Acknowledgements v Chapter 1 Introduction 1 PART I 23 Chapter 2 Theory and concepts of secularism 24 Chapter 3 Methodological considerations 75 PART II 103 Chapter 4 Political struggles over the constitution of the church 104 Chapter 5 “…the two flags suit one another!” – On establishment and same-sex marriage 164 Chapter 6 Modernizing religious governance? 217 Chapter 7 Reflections on Danish secularism 263 Chapter 8 Conclusion 285 Appendix I: Names and abbreviations of Danish political parties in parliament 295 Appendix II: Legislative work concerning homosexual living arrangements 296 Abstract 299 Opsummering 300 References 301 i DETAILED CONTENTS Acknowledgements v Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1. Jensen’s call for mercy, the headscarf case and Danish secularism 1 1.2. A framework to interpret the place of public religion in politics 8 1.3. The structure of the thesis 18 PART I 23 Chapter 2 Theory and concepts of secularism 24 2.1. Introduction 24 2.2. Whither secularism? 27 2.2.1.