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Intertidal Benthic Communities Associated with the Macroalgae Iridaea Cordata and Adenocystis Utricularis in King George Island, Antarctica

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Intertidal Benthic Communities Associated with the Macroalgae Iridaea Cordata and Adenocystis Utricularis in King George Island, Antarctica See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/282774178 Intertidal benthic communities associated with the macroalgae Iridaea cordata and Adenocystis utricularis in King George Island, Antarctica ARTICLE in POLAR BIOLOGY · SEPTEMBER 2015 Impact Factor: 1.59 · DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1773-1 READS 36 8 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Yusbelly Diaz Ileana Ortega Simon Bolívar University Simon Bolívar University 23 PUBLICATIONS 71 CITATIONS 5 PUBLICATIONS 5 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Jesus Souza Troncoso University of Vigo 180 PUBLICATIONS 689 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Yusbelly Diaz Retrieved on: 20 October 2015 Intertidal benthic communities associated with the macroalgae Iridaea cordata and Adenocystis utricularis in King George Island, Antarctica Alberto Martín, Patricia Miloslavich, Yusbelly Díaz, Ileana Ortega, Eduardo Klein, Jesús Troncoso, Cristian Aldea & Ana K. Carbonini Polar Biology ISSN 0722-4060 Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-015-1773-1 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-015-1773-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Intertidal benthic communities associated with the macroalgae Iridaea cordata and Adenocystis utricularis in King George Island, Antarctica 1 1,2 1 1,3 Alberto Martı´n • Patricia Miloslavich • Yusbelly Dı´az • Ileana Ortega • 1 4,5 6,7 1 Eduardo Klein • Jesu´s Troncoso • Cristian Aldea • Ana K. Carbonini Received: 18 December 2014 / Revised: 27 July 2015 / Accepted: 17 August 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Antarctic benthos has been a main target in biomass of I. cordata was 0.8–61.4 g/individual and Antarctic research, but very few quantitative studies have 4.7–93.0 g/100 cm2 for A. utricularis. The assemblage been carried out in the littoral zone, which may be sea- associated with both macroalgae differed significantly sonally covered by macroalgae. In this work, we studied between sites. The studied fauna was composed mainly of (1) cover and biomass of the macroalgae Iridaea cordata amphipods, gastropods and bivalves. Species diversity was and Adenocystis utricularis, and (2) composition of mac- higher in the community associated with A. utricularis.A robenthic assemblage associated with these macroalgal total of *27 ind/g DW were found associated with I. species at three locations at King George Island: Mare- cordata, while *112 ind/g DW were found associated ograph Beach (1 M), Tank’s Bay (2R) and Ardley Bay with A. utricularis. The most abundant groups associated (3R). Iridaea cordata was collected by completely with I. cordata were amphipods at 1 M (57 %) and gas- detaching the algae from the substrate, while A. utricularis tropods at 2R (46 %). Both groups were responsible for the was scraped. Adenocystis utricularis covered more than dissimilarity between localities (62.50 %). The most 80 % of the substrate at all locations, while coverage of abundant groups associated with A. utricularis were the Iridaea cordata was below 53 % or absent (3R). Fresh gastropods at all localities reaching up to 82 % at 1 M. This study provides a first baseline on the diversity and abundance of benthic assemblages associated with inter- & Ileana Ortega [email protected] tidal macroalgae in the southwest of King George Island. 1 Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simo´n Keywords Diversity Á Macrobenthos Á Macroalgae Á Bolı´var, Valle de Sartenejas, Caracas, Estado Miranda 89000, Biomass Á Amphipods Á Gastropods Venezuela 2 Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia Introduction 3 Programa de Po´s-graduac¸a˜o em Oceanografia Biolo´gica, ´ Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av Italia, Antarctic benthos has been one of the main targets in km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96201-90, Brazil 4 Antarctic research (Arntz et al. 1994). In the last decades, ECIMAT - Toralla Marine Sciences Station, University of studies of Antarctic benthos have increased particularly Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Spain since the establishment of permanent research stations in 5 ´ ´ Departamento de Ecologıa y Biologıa Animal, Facultad de coastal zones and the introduction of scuba diving tech- Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain niques (Jazdzewski et al. 2001; Huang et al. 2007). The Antarctic benthic fauna in general is known to be endemic 6 Laboratorio de Ecologı´a y Medio Ambiente, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes, (Wakabara et al. 1990; Jazdzewski et al. 2001; Linse et al. 01890 Punta Arenas, Chile 2006; Fortes and Absalao 2011; De Broyer and Koubbi 7 Programa GAIA-Anta´rtica, Universidad de Magallanes, 2014); however, very few studies have been carried out in Punta Arenas, Chile the littoral and supralittoral zones and quantitative data on 123 Author's personal copy Polar Biol density and biomass are very scarce (Gambi et al. 1994). Bellingshausen Sea area (Aldea et al. 2008). Cryptic spe- With expanded sampling efforts, some studies have shown cies are also an important feature of Antarctic intertidal a great diversity of certain marine groups surrounding the communities and may be very diverse and abundant Antarctic continent, increasing the number of endemic (Shabica 1972; Stockton 1973; Barnes et al. 1996; Waller species. Antarctic endemism may be associated with its et al. 2006; Waller 2008; Bick and Arlt 2013). For these, isolation and climate change over an evolutionary time the ice foot is probably the most important source of dis- scale. Despite this relative isolation, recent evidence sug- turbance limiting colonization. gests some degree of connectivity between the Antarctic Knowledge of the benthic community associated with and South American faunas (Fortes and Absalao 2011). macroalgae is limited to a few geographic areas. In the The prevalence of ice cover, the abrasive action of ice Antarctic Peninsula, Amsler et al. (2015) studied the floes or ice foot, and the reduction in incoming solar abundance and diversity of gastropods associated with radiation during the polar winter has led to the assumption subtidal macroalgae reporting abundances of up to 38 that the Antarctic intertidal fauna is scarce or even absent. individuals per 100 g fresh weight of alga regardless of Seasonal changes of salinity caused by the summer ice melt algal species or site. In the South Shetland Islands, there and runoff with terrestrial sediments as well as high UV are some studies on the taxonomy and the local and irradiation in the austral summer are thought to be addi- regional distribution of macroalgae (Weykam et al. 1996; tional reasons for the poorly populated intertidal habitats in Farı´as et al. 2002), but knowledge of the fauna associated Polar regions (Bick and Arlt 2013). Disturbance has long with these macroalgae is limited to some localities in King been recognized as an integral part of ecosystems as its George Island, like Admiralty Bay, Potter Cove and Ade- frequency and magnitude are critical in shaping community laide Island (Jazdzewski et al. 1986, 1991, 1992, 2001; structure and its biodiversity. In rocky shores, there are Broitman et al. 2001; Quartino et al. 2008a). In the subti- many physical and biological factors operating at different dal, zonation patterns of the benthic communities from scales to determine community structure. For example, at a some Antarctic and Subantarctic areas are well known local scale, desiccation limits the distribution of many (Aldea et al. 2008; Saiz et al. 2013), and some quantitative organisms in the high intertidal zone, while competition data from subtidal habitats and shallow sublittoral mac- and predation have shown to be important in the lower robenthos are available at a local scale (Bone 1972; Bre- subtidal zones. At a regional scale, the community struc- gazzi 1972a, b; Richardson and Whitaker 1979; Jazdzewski ture is highly influenced by salinity and wave exposure, et al. 2001; Huang et al. 2007). while at a larger scale, temperature and biogeographical Seaweeds are an important source of energy for herbi- factors play key roles (Ingo´lfsson 2005; Pabis and Sicinski vores, as well as an important source of organic matter for 2010). In the Antarctic, the benthic community structure detritivores and suspension feeders in shallow areas of the has been proposed to be shaped by ice disturbance along Antarctic littoral (Quartino et al. 2008a, b; Oliveira et al. with biological interactions such as herbivory, competition, 2009). In Admiralty Bay seaweed beds cover about 30 % predation and food availability (Jazdzewski et al. 2001; of the bottom surface, thereby constituting an estimated Momo et al. 2008). The absence of ice in large areas of the 74,000 tons of fresh biomass (Zielinski 1990; Nedzarek coast during austral
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