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Reproductive Success in Antarctic Marine Invertebrates
University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF SCIENCE School of Ocean and Earth Science Reproductive Success in Antarctic Marine Invertebrates By Laura Joanne Grange (BSc. Hons) Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2005 Dedicated to my Mum, Dad, Sam and my one and only Mike. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF SCIENCE SCHOOL OF OCEAN AND EARTH SCIENCE Doctor of Philosophy REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN ANTARCTIC MARINE INVERTEBRATES By Laura Joanne Grange The nearshore Antarctic marine environment is unique, characterised by low but constant temperatures that contrast with an intense peak in productivity. As a result of this stenothermal environment, energy input has a profound ecological effect. These conditions have developed over several millions of years and have resulted in an animal physiology that is highly stenothermal and sometimes closely coupled with the seasonal food supply, e.g. -
Santiago Castillo.Pdf (1.922Mb)
Índice Índice ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Agradecimientos .............................................................................................................................. 2 Listado de abreviaturas .................................................................................................................... 4 Resumen ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Introducción ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Aspectos biológicos de Nacella concinna ................................................................................... 6 Relación trófica con la gaviota cocinera ...................................................................................... 8 Hipótesis..................................................................................................................................... 10 Objetivos .................................................................................................................................... 10 Metodología ................................................................................................................................... 11 Área de estudio.......................................................................................................................... -
MOLLUSCA Nudibranchs, Pteropods, Gastropods, Bivalves, Chitons, Octopus
UNDERWATER FIELD GUIDE TO ROSS ISLAND & MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA: MOLLUSCA nudibranchs, pteropods, gastropods, bivalves, chitons, octopus Peter Brueggeman Photographs: Steve Alexander, Rod Budd/Antarctica New Zealand, Peter Brueggeman, Kirsten Carlson/National Science Foundation, Canadian Museum of Nature (Kathleen Conlan), Shawn Harper, Luke Hunt, Henry Kaiser, Mike Lucibella/National Science Foundation, Adam G Marsh, Jim Mastro, Bruce A Miller, Eva Philipp, Rob Robbins, Steve Rupp/National Science Foundation, Dirk Schories, M Dale Stokes, and Norbert Wu The National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs sponsored Norbert Wu on an Artist's and Writer's Grant project, in which Peter Brueggeman participated. One outcome from Wu's endeavor is this Field Guide, which builds upon principal photography by Norbert Wu, with photos from other photographers, who are credited on their photographs and above. This Field Guide is intended to facilitate underwater/topside field identification from visual characters. Organisms were identified from photographs with no specimen collection, and there can be some uncertainty in identifications solely from photographs. © 1998+; text © Peter Brueggeman; photographs © Steve Alexander, Rod Budd/Antarctica New Zealand Pictorial Collection 159687 & 159713, 2001-2002, Peter Brueggeman, Kirsten Carlson/National Science Foundation, Canadian Museum of Nature (Kathleen Conlan), Shawn Harper, Luke Hunt, Henry Kaiser, Mike Lucibella/National Science Foundation, Adam G Marsh, Jim Mastro, Bruce A Miller, Eva -
2019 the Harold Martin Outstanding Student Development Award $2000
Sabrina Heiser Department of Biology (UAB) 1300 University Blvd, CH242 Birmingham, AL, 35294 Contact: 205-478 6666, [email protected] Education: University of Alabama at Birmingham: January 2016 – present PhD Candidate since October 2018; mentor: Dr. Charles D. Amsler current GPA: 4.0 Title: The ecology of secondary metabolite production in Plocamium cartilagineum and its population genetics on the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Plymouth University: September 2009 – June 2012 BSc (Hons) Marine Biology – Second Class Honours (Upper Division) Independent research topic – Distribution of the non-native kelp species Undaria pinnatifida in Plymouth Sound SAC Professional Appointments: British Antarctic Survey (UK) Sept 2012-April 2015 Marine Assistant at Rothera Research Station (Antarctica), continuing the Rothera Biological and Oceanographic Time Series (CTD measurements, taking and processing water samples, fulfilling dive tasks, science cruise which involved Agassiz trawls, Epibenthic Sledge work, deep camera work and processing water samples). Countryside Council for Wales (UK) May 2012-Sept 2012 Contract Diver for Cross Wales Diving Monitoring Project and Didemnum vexillum eradication. Funding: 2019 The Harold Martin Outstanding Student Development Award $2000 2018 Phycological Society of America Grants-in-Aid of Research $1974 2017 Sigma Xi Grants in Aid of Research $730 2017 Antarctic Science Bursary (£3730) $4500 Last updated: March 2019 1 Not funded: 2018 The Harold Martin Outstanding Student Development Award “Gene flow as a potential -
A Weight-And Temperature-Dependent Model of Respiration in Praunus
JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH j VOLUME 34 j NUMBER 7 j PAGES 642–645 j 2012 SHORT COMMUNICATION A weight- and temperature-dependent model of respiration in Praunus flexuosus (Crustacea, Mysidacea) Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/plankt/article/34/7/642/1465303 by guest on 01 October 2021 MARTIN OGONOWSKI*, KRISTOFFER ANDERSSON AND STURE HANSSON DEPARTMENT OF SYSTEMS ECOLOGY, STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY, SE-106 91 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN *CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: [email protected] Received February 1, 2012; accepted in principle March 15, 2012; accepted for publication March 20, 2012 Corresponding editor: Marja Koski The mysid shrimp Praunus flexuosus is common in littoral habitats in the Baltic Sea and other marine areas, but its bioenergetic characteristics have not been studied. We present the first model of its routine respiration rate as a function of size and a natural temperature range. The model explained 87% of the variance in respir- ation, indicating that it could be useful in a larger modeling framework. Specific respiration rates and temperature dependence were consistent with previous reports for this and other littoral mysids at low-to-moderate temperatures. Respiration at higher temperatures was lower, indicating that previous reports may have been biased by residual SDA (specific dynamic action) effects. Increased res- piration due to SDA was detectable over a longer period than previously reported, 30 h. KEYWORDS: respiration; Praunus flexuosus; fasting; specific dynamic action; routine metabolism compared with what are available for fish (Hanson INTRODUCTION et al., 1997). One important component of such models Mysids are a significant component of aquatic ecosys- is respiration, since it constitutes a major component in tems and are important links between different trophic the energy budget. -
Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea)
Vol. 16: 105–113, 2012 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Published online July 19 doi: 10.3354/ab00435 Aquat Biol Slow arm regeneration in the Antarctic brittle star Ophiura crassa (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) Melody S. Clark*, Terri Souster British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK ABSTRACT: Regeneration of arms in brittle stars is thought to proceed slowly in low temperature environments. Here a survey of natural arm damage and arm regeneration rates is documented in the Antarctic brittle star Ophiura crassa. This relatively small ophiuroid, a detritivore found amongst red macroalgae, displays high levels of natural arm damage and repair. This is largely thought to be due to ice damage in the shallow waters it inhabits. The time scale of arm regener- ation was measured in an aquarium-based 10 mo experiment. There was a delayed regeneration phase of 7 mo before arm growth was detectable in this species. This is 2 mo longer than the longest time previously described, which was in another Antarctic ophiuroid, Ophionotus victo- riae. The subsequent regeneration of arms in O. crassa occurred at a rate of approximately 0.16 mm mo−1. To date, this is the slowest regeneration rate known of any ophiuroid. The confir- mation that such a long delay before arm regeneration occurs in a second Antarctic species pro- vides strong evidence that this phenomenon is yet another characteristic feature of Southern Ocean species, along with deferred maturity, slowed growth and development rates. It is unclear whether delayed initial regeneration phases are adaptations to, or limitations of, low temperature environments. -
Benthic Field Guide 5.5.Indb
Field Identifi cation Guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands Benthic Invertebrates Invertebrates Benthic Moore Islands Kirrily and McDonald and Hibberd Ty Island Heard to Guide cation Identifi Field Field Identifi cation Guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands Benthic Invertebrates A guide for scientifi c observers aboard fi shing vessels Little is known about the deep sea benthic invertebrate diversity in the territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI). In an initiative to help further our understanding, invertebrate surveys over the past seven years have now revealed more than 500 species, many of which are endemic. This is an essential reference guide to these species. Illustrated with hundreds of representative photographs, it includes brief narratives on the biology and ecology of the major taxonomic groups and characteristic features of common species. It is primarily aimed at scientifi c observers, and is intended to be used as both a training tool prior to deployment at-sea, and for use in making accurate identifi cations of invertebrate by catch when operating in the HIMI region. Many of the featured organisms are also found throughout the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, the guide therefore having national appeal. Ty Hibberd and Kirrily Moore Australian Antarctic Division Fisheries Research and Development Corporation covers2.indd 113 11/8/09 2:55:44 PM Author: Hibberd, Ty. Title: Field identification guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands benthic invertebrates : a guide for scientific observers aboard fishing vessels / Ty Hibberd, Kirrily Moore. Edition: 1st ed. ISBN: 9781876934156 (pbk.) Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Benthic animals—Heard Island (Heard and McDonald Islands)--Identification. -
1 Growth and Production of the Brittle Stars Ophiura Sarsii and Ophiocten Sericeum (Echinodermata: 2 Ophiuroidea)
1 Growth and production of the brittle stars Ophiura sarsii and Ophiocten sericeum (Echinodermata: 2 Ophiuroidea) 3 Alexandra M. Ravelo*1, Brenda Konar1, Bodil Bluhm2, Katrin Iken1 4 *(907) 474-7074 5 [email protected] 6 1School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks 7 P.O. Box 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA 8 2Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø 9 9037 Tromsø, Norway 10 11 Abstract 12 Dense brittle star assemblages dominate vast areas of the Arctic marine shelves, making them 13 key components of Arctic ecosystem. This study is the first to determine the population dynamics of 14 the dominant shelf brittle star species, Ophiura sarsii and Ophiocten sericeum, through age determination, 15 individual production and total turnover rate (P:B). In the summer of 2013, O. sarsii were collected in 16 the northeastern Chukchi Sea (depth 35 to 65 m), while O. sericeum were collected in the central 17 Beaufort Sea (depth 37 to 200 m). Maximum age was higher for O. sarsii than for O. sericeum (27 and 18 20 years, respectively); however, both species live longer than temperate region congeners. Growth 19 curves for both species had similar initial fast growth, with an inflection period followed by a second 20 phase of fast growth. Predation avoidance in addition to changes in the allocation of energy may be 21 the mechanisms responsible for the observed age dependent growth rates. Individual production was 22 higher for O. sarsii than for O. sericeum by nearly an order of magnitude throughout the size spectra. -
Invertebrate ID Guide
11/13/13 1 This book is a compilation of identification resources for invertebrates found in stomach samples. By no means is it a complete list of all possible prey types. It is simply what has been found in past ChesMMAP and NEAMAP diet studies. A copy of this document is stored in both the ChesMMAP and NEAMAP lab network drives in a folder called ID Guides, along with other useful identification keys, articles, documents, and photos. If you want to see a larger version of any of the images in this document you can simply open the file and zoom in on the picture, or you can open the original file for the photo by navigating to the appropriate subfolder within the Fisheries Gut Lab folder. Other useful links for identification: Isopods http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-33/htm/doc.html http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-48/htm/doc.html Polychaetes http://web.vims.edu/bio/benthic/polychaete.html http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-34/htm/doc.html Cephalopods http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-44/htm/doc.html Amphipods http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-67/htm/doc.html Molluscs http://www.oceanica.cofc.edu/shellguide/ http://www.jaxshells.org/slife4.htm Bivalves http://www.jaxshells.org/atlanticb.htm Gastropods http://www.jaxshells.org/atlantic.htm Crustaceans http://www.jaxshells.org/slifex26.htm Echinoderms http://www.jaxshells.org/eich26.htm 2 PROTOZOA (FORAMINIFERA) ................................................................................................................................ 4 PORIFERA (SPONGES) ............................................................................................................................................... 4 CNIDARIA (JELLYFISHES, HYDROIDS, SEA ANEMONES) ............................................................................... 4 CTENOPHORA (COMB JELLIES)............................................................................................................................ -
The Case of the South American Limpet Nacella Mytilina
RESEARCH ARTICLE Genetics, Gene Flow, and Glaciation: The Case of the South American Limpet Nacella mytilina Claudio A. González-Wevar1,2,3*, Sebastián Rosenfeld2,3, Nicolás I. Segovia2, Mathias Hüne2,4, Karin Gérard1,3, Jaime Ojeda2,3, Andrés Mansilla2,3, Paul Brickle5, Angie Díaz6, Elie Poulin2 1 GAIA Antártica – Universidad de Magallanes, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile, 2 Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad a11111 de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile, 3 Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile, 4 Fundación Ictiológica, Providencia – Santiago, Chile, 5 South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI), PO Box 609, Stanley Cottage, Stanley, Falkland Islands, 6 Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: González-Wevar CA, Rosenfeld S, Segovia Abstract NI, Hüne M, Gérard K, Ojeda J, et al. (2016) Genetics, Gene Flow, and Glaciation: The Case of Glacial episodes of the Quaternary, and particularly the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) drasti- the South American Limpet Nacella mytilina. PLoS ONE 11(9): e0161963. doi:10.1371/journal. cally altered the distribution of the Southern-Hemisphere biota, principally at higher lati- pone.0161963 tudes. The irregular coastline of Patagonia expanding for more than 84.000 km constitutes Editor: Geerat J. Vermeij, University of California, a remarkable area to evaluate the effect of Quaternary landscape and seascape shifts over UNITED STATES the demography of near-shore marine benthic organisms. Few studies describing the bio- Received: May 27, 2016 geographic responses of marine species to the LGM have been conducted in Patagonia, but existing data from coastal marine species have demonstrated marked genetic signa- Accepted: August 15, 2016 tures of post-LGM recolonization and expansion. -
1 Limpet Feeding Rate and the Consistency of Physiological Response to Temperature 2 3 Simon A
1 Limpet feeding rate and the consistency of physiological response to temperature 2 3 Simon A. Morley*a, Chien‐Hsiang Laib, Andrew Clarkea, Koh Siang Tanb, Michael A.S. Thornea, Lloyd S. 4 Pecka 5 a British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK 6 b Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 7 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 8 9 Abstract 10 Thermal reaction norms are fundamental relationships for geographic comparisons of organism 11 response to temperature. They are shaped by an organism’s environmental history and provide 12 insights into both the global patterns of thermal sensitivity and the physiological mechanisms 13 underlying temperature response. In this study we conducted the first measure of the thermal 14 reaction norm for feeding, comparing the radula rasping rate of two tropical and one polar limpet 15 species. The consistency of thermal response was tested through comparisons with limpet duration 16 tenacity. Feeding and duration tenacity of limpets are ecologically important muscular mechanisms 17 that rely on very different aspects of muscle physiology, repeated concentric (shortening) and 18 isometric (fixed length) contraction of muscles, respectively. In these limpets the thermal reaction 19 norms of feeding limpets were best described by a single break point at a maximum temperature 20 with linear declines at higher (S. atra) or lower temperatures (N. concinna and C. radiata) rather 21 than a bell shaped curve. The thermal reaction norms for duration tenacity were similar in the two 22 tropical limpets. However, the rasping rate in Antarctic Nacella concinna, increased linearly with 23 temperature up to a maximum at 12.3°C (maximal range 8.5 to 12.3°C) when feeding stopped. -
Distribution and Ecology of Ophionotus Victoriae Bell, 1902 (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) in the South Shetland Islands Area (Antarctica)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio Institucional Digital del IEO Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. 19 (1-4). 2003: 49-55 BOLETÍN. INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DE OCEANOGRAFÍA ISSN: 0074-0195 © Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 2003 Distribution and ecology of Ophionotus victoriae Bell, 1902 (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) in the South Shetland Islands area (Antarctica) F. Moya 1, A. Ramos 1 and M.ª E. Manjón-Cabeza 2 1 Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Puerto Pesquero, s/n, E-29640 Fuengirola (Málaga), Spain. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, s/n, E-29071 Málaga, Spain Received January 2003. Accepted December 2003. ABSTRACT We present a distribution analysis for Ophionotus victoriae Bell, 1902, based on abundance data obtained during the Bentart 95 Expedition, on a macrozoobenthos sampling transect from north of Livingston Island to the Antarctic Peninsula, with 24 Agassiz trawls carried out at depths of 40- 850 m. This ophiuroid seems characteristic of the macrobenthic assemblages south of Livingston Island and Deception, where the species represents 60-90 % of numerical abundance and 40-80 % of biomass for the total epifauna. Pearson and Spearman coefficients correlation showed interesting results which could explain the success of O. victoriae in this area. The highest O. victoriae abundances were related to acidic and carbonated sediments, as well as to mysid density; moreover, the presence of the largest spec- imens was apparently related to euphasids, and we also found a negative relationship with a fil- ter-feeder biomass.