Article: 3Rd & 4Th May 2020 Current Affairs Analysis
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www.iastoppers.com 3rd & 4th May 2020 Current Affairs Analysis - IASToppers By IASToppers | 2020-05-04 00:00:00 For IASToppers Current Affairs Analysis Archive, Click Here Issues related to Health and Education eCovSens: Portable coronavirus detection kit The researchers from the National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, have developed a biosensor that can detect the novel coronavirus in saliva samples. Copyright © 2020 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 1/16 www.iastoppers.com New device: Biosensors have been currently used across the world to detect toxins, narcotic drugs, and are also considered as a reliable tool to detect infectious diseases. The new portable device named eCovSens, can be used to detect the presence of novel coronavirus antigens in human saliva within 30 seconds using just 20 microlitres of the sample. Mechanism: The in-house built biosensor consists of a carbon electrode and the coronavirus antibody. The antibody is capable of binding with the spike protein found on the outer layer of the virus. An electrical signal is generated when the antigen and antibody binds. Electrical components in the device further amplify this signal, process it, convert it to digital readings on an LCD display. The device can also be battery-operated as it uses very low voltage of 1.3V to 3V. National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB): The National Institute of Animal Biotechnology is an Indian autonomous research establishment of the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (India). The primary mandate of NIAB is towards the development of sustainability and globally competitive livestock (farm animals) for public and industry through innovative and cutting edge technology. The emphasis is on showing excellence in production of globally competitive livestock products, pharmaceuticals (medicines), nutritional products and other biologicals related to animal health care. Copyright © 2020 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 2/16 www.iastoppers.com [Ref: The Hindu] African Swine Fever The Centre has advised the Assam state government to go for the culling of pigs affected by the African swine fever (ASF) in the state. About the African Swine Fever: African Swine Fever is a transboundary animal disease which can spread by live or dead pigs and pork products. It is a highly contagious animal disease. It affects domestic and wild pigs and causes high mortality. It is caused by a large DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family. Affected pigs suffer from an acute form of haemorrhagic fever. The first outbreak occurred in 1921 in Kenya. ASF is not a risk to human health. Transmission mechanisms: Direct contact with infected domestic or wild pigs; Indirect contact, through ingestion of contaminated material (e.g. food waste, feed, or garbage); Through biological vectors like ticks. What is the Impact? The mortality rate is close to 100 percent. Copyright © 2020 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 3/16 www.iastoppers.com ASF is responsible for the production and economic losses at local, regional and national levels. ASF is a disease of growing strategic importance for global food security and household income. Post outbreak, the pork prices increase. Moreover consumers shift to alternate sources of protein like beef and chicken. Treatment Methods: Post infection, culling (selective slaughter) and burying the animal. No vaccinations or treatment options available. Prevention systems include proper implementation of appropriate import policies and biosecurity measures. [Ref: The Hindu] Covid Toe A paper published in the British Journal of Dermatology talks about “unexplained” skin manifestations in Covid-19 patients including the so-called ‘covid toe’. Symptoms of Covid-19: The most common symptoms include fever, dry cough, sore throat and muscle pain among others. Other symptoms include the loss of smell and taste, confusion, stroke and seizures in a small subset of patients infected with the virus. Recently the researchers have described five clinical patterns, including ‘covid toe’ which has been observed in 19 percent of the cases examined. Copyright © 2020 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 4/16 www.iastoppers.com What is ‘covid toe’? ‘Covid toe’ is a kind of rash being reported as a manifestation in some Covid-19 patients’ toes. It was seen in 19 percent of the cases and the researchers have likened it to pseudo-chilblain lesions. Of the 71 cases that had these pseudo-chilblains, 41 percent had confirmed SARS-CoV-2, the virus strain that causes Covid-19. Chilblains are small, itchy, red patches that appear on the toes and fingers after a person has been exposed to the cold due to inflammation in the small blood vessels in the skin. Are skin conditions common in viral diseases? A 1966 paper published in Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews says that rashes accompanying infectious diseases date back to ancient times and are one of the most characteristic and “readily observed” signs of disease. For instance, chickenpox, which is a contagious viral disease causes itchy, fluid-filled blisters on the skin. Measles is another viral disease, which may lead to a breakout of skin rashes, which usually begin as flat red spots on the face and spread downward to the neck, trunk, arms, feet and legs. [Ref: Indian Express] Final draft of New Education Policy The final draft of the New Education Policy (NEP) is said to be silent on student participation in decision-making bodies, committees, and institutional processes of a university or college. Key Features: The final policy draft limits giving students plenty of opportunities to be involved in sports, culture/arts clubs, activity clubs, community service projects. It speaks of creating a “systematised arrangement” to support “students from rural backgrounds, including increasing hostel facilities as needed”. The provision on setting up “systems and mechanisms” to enable student participation in the institutional processes of higher education institutions is missing from the document shared by Copyright © 2020 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 5/16 www.iastoppers.com the HRD Ministry. Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE): The final policy document has dropped a proposal to set up a Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog (RSA) as suggested by the Kasturirangan Committee. The RSA was to be headed by the Prime Minister and was intended to replace the Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE). Following objections from the state governments to this proposal the proposal has been scrapped altogether. The policy circulated among ministries instead speaks of strengthening CABE and giving it a greater mandate. The final draft of the NEP has also dropped the recommendation on setting up a “permanent Indian Education Service (IES) cadre comprising a specialist cadre of the bureaucracy”. To know more about Draft National Education Policy 2019, refer IASTopper’s Mains Article: /articles/draft-national-education-policy-2019-mains-article/ [Ref: Indian Express] Copyright © 2020 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 6/16 www.iastoppers.com Environment, Ecology & Disaster Management Blackbuck The blackbuck aka Indian antelope is a species of antelope found in India. About blackbuck: The blackbuck is a diurnal i.e. active mainly during the day. They generally inhabit grassy plains; thinly forested areas and scrublands with hot and humid conditions . The Female antelopes are generally hornless. It is considered to be the fastest animal next to Cheetah. It is found in Central-Western India (MP, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra and Odisha) and Southern India (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu). In India, there are a few national parks and sanctuaries inhabited by blackbuck, like the Velavadar Wildlife Sanctuary in Gujarat and the Ranebennur Blackbuck Sanctuary in Karnataka. Conservation status: The blackbuck has significance in Hinduism; Indian and Nepali villagers do not harm the antelope. The Bishnoi community of Rajasthan is known worldwide for their conservation efforts of blackbuck and Chinkara. In India, hunting of blackbuck is prohibited under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and its hunting invites punishment of up to seven years in jail. Copyright © 2020 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 7/16 www.iastoppers.com IUCN Status: Least Concern [Ref: Down To Earth] Iceland will not hunt whales in 2020 Iceland has decided to cancel their summer whaling season and will not be hunting any whales in 2020 because of economic pressure due to Covid-19. Location of Iceland: Copyright © 2020 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 8/16 www.iastoppers.com Iceland is a remote island country located in the North Atlantic Ocean on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It is known worldwide for its immense geological activity and large glaciers and has been nicknamed the land of ice and fire. Copyright © 2020 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 9/16 www.iastoppers.com It is a part of the Scandinavian union with Denmark, Norway, Faroe Islands, Finland and Sweden. The country was settled around 870 AD by Norse Vikings and there has been an ongoing settlement in Iceland ever since. Iceland is situated at the confluence of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid- Atlantic Ridge where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates come together. Due to its location Iceland is very volcanically and geologically active with daily earthquakes and numerous volcanoes. Capital: Reykjavík [Ref: Down To Earth] Science and Technology Human sweat as a source of power A Californian Group of researchers have been able to generate electrical energy from human sweat. Copyright © 2020 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 10/16 www.iastoppers.com Sweat as power supply: The skin specialists attach a thin polymer-based sheet which contains the desired drug, stick it to the skin on a person’s arm or chest and deliver the drug past the sweat fluid directly into the body, using a tiny electric current on the patch. This is thus a wearable technology for personalised medicine — no pills or potions. In all these assays, the probes and sensors need to be powered externally using microbatteries.