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Historical Backgrond of Industrial Development and Its Affect on Socio-Economic Conditions of Murshidabad District, West Bengal, India

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Historical Backgrond of Industrial Development and Its Affect on Socio-Economic Conditions of Murshidabad District, West Bengal, India HISTORICAL BACKGROND OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS AFFECT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF MURSHIDABAD DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL, INDIA HISTÓRICO BACKGROND DE DESENVOLVIMENTO INDUSTRIAL E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NAS CONDICÕES SOCIOECONÓMICAS ON DO MURSHIDABAD DISTRITO, BENGALA OCIDENTAL, ÍNDIA Dr. Haraprasad Bairagya Ph.D.Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India [email protected] ABSTRACT History is studied to make perfect decision for future progress of an area. Historical background of industrial development of a region inspires the industrialists to take the proper decision for the future development. The Murshidabad District, the former capital of Bengal, had its own glory of during the opulence of Nawab but now it is suffering from sickness. A region that contributed 5% of the world’s GDP at one point, where the richest citizen Jagat Seth’s (Former King/Nawab of Bengal promissory notes were honoured without question in Britain and America). Owing to its presence in the Bengal Delta (World’s Largest Delta), the industrial set up had the strong fluvial impact on its selection of types and scale on which flood becomes one of the most important parameter. There is no mineral found in the district in sufficient amount by which a mineral based industry can be established. Thus almost all industries, other than sugar cane industry, are agro-based small scale industries of the district. Amongst these small scale industries Silk Industry, Ivory Carving, Textile industry, Metal industry, Clay model and bidi industry were important during the Nawab period. Now only silk and bidi industries are carrying its glory and other are going to be sick due to some essential factors like the frequent flood damage, destruction of Nawab Kingdom, negligence of the Govt., population pressure due to refugees etc. Now the study of the historical background is highly needed for enhancing the future industrial progress of the economically backward district like Murshidabad in present situation Key-words: Poverty, Per-capita income, refugee, trafficking. RESUMO História é estudada para tomar a decisão perfeita para o progresso futuro de uma área. Contexto histórico do desenvolvimento industrial de uma região inspira os industriais para tomar a decisão correta para o desenvolvimento futuro. O Distrito Murshidabad, a antiga capital de Bengala, tinha a sua própria glória durante a opulência de nababo, mas agora ele está sofrendo de doença. A região, que contribuíram com 5 % do PIB do mundo em um ponto, onde o cidadão mais rico da Jagat Seth (ex- Rei / nababo de Bengala notas promissórias foram homenageados sem dúvida na Grã-Bretanha e América. Devido à sua presença no Delta Bengala (maior delta do mundo), o conjunto industrial até teve o forte impacto fluvial em sua seleção de tipos e escala em que inundação torna-se um dos parâmetros mais importantes. não há mineral encontrado no distrito Revista Eletrônica Geoaraguaia. Barra do Garças-MT. V 4, n.2, p 1 - 25. Julho/Dezembro. 2014. 1 em quantidade suficiente por que uma indústria de base mineral pode ser estabelecida. Assim, quase todos os setores, exceto a indústria de cana de açúcar, são indústrias de pequena escala de base agrícola do distrito. Entre essas indústrias de pequena escala da indústria de seda, Ivory Carving, indústria têxtil, indústria de metal, modelo de argila e da indústria bidi foram importantes durante o período de nababo. Agora, apenas as indústrias de seda e bidi estão levando a sua glória e outros vão estar doente devido a alguns fatores essenciais, como os danos freqüentes inundações, destruição de nababo Unido, negligência do Governo, pressão da população devido aos refugiados etc. Agora o estudo do contexto histórico é altamente necessário para melhorar o futuro progresso industrial do distrito economicamente atrasado como Murshidabad na situação atual. Palavras-chave : Pobreza, renda per capita, dos refugiados, tráfico INTRODUCTION Industry has a strong influence on the socio-economic aspects of a developing country like India. The local environment determines the type (i.e.agro based or mineral based) of an industry and its scale of production (i.e. large scale or small scale). Murshidabad district was a region that contributed 5% of the world’s GDP at one point, where the richest citizen Jagat Seth’s(Former King/Nawab of Bengal)promissory notes were honoured without question in Britain and America (Nock, 2010) . Murshidabad District, renowned for the opulence of Nawabi rule (Plate 1) when it hosted the capital of undivided Bengal in the 18th century, is today home to the maximum number of poor people in the country, according to the first official assessment of the poverty across 604 districts of India (Datta, 2009). The Murshidabad district is basically agrarian in character. The major work-force of the district is engaged in this sector. The agricultural sector makes the greatest contribution to the district’s total income (Chintis, 2009). The district is not endowed with many natural resources. In the Secondary Sector, i.e.manufacturing, the district’s performance is far below the desired level. It has been identified as an industrially backward district. It also creates the demand of the industrial goods and influences on the choice of the local public. Murshidabad district has recently been identified as a trafficking prone district. After independence long and porous border with Bangaldesh and to Economic scenario, religious customs, low female literacy rate, affects of flood make children and young adults of the district vulnerable to trafficking and child marriage etc. The per-capita income is going to be decreased day by day. So the study of industrial history of the district can inspire the people of Murshidabad to get relief from the pain of poverty and can inculcate the knowledge of future prospects of their own in the industrial sector. Revista Eletrônica Geoaraguaia. Barra do Garças-MT. V 4, n.2, p 1 - 25. Julho/Dezembro. 2014. 2 Plate 1 : Nawab’s Palace LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA The district Murshidabad centrally located in West Bengal (Fig.1) lies between the latitude of 23 043'30"N to 24 050'20"N and longitude of 87 049'17"E to 88 044'00"E. The river Ganga forms the north and eastern boundary and separates it from Bangladesh. Extending over an area of 5324 sq. km, the district has 58, 63,717 persons (30, 04,385 are males and 28, 59,332 females census 2001). The district has four Sub-divisions namely Jangipur, Baharampore, Lalbag and Kandi including 26 Blocks, 26 police stations, 1,918 inhabited villages and 18 towns. Only 10.43% population of this district is urban. Out of total area, 408.29 thousand hectares are cultivated which is relatively more than that of other districts in West Bengal (Jha&Bairagya, 2011).The district Murshidabad is less developed due to frequent occurrence of flood and also having no proper education and communicational facilities. Revista Eletrônica Geoaraguaia. Barra do Garças-MT. V 4, n.2, p 1 - 25. Julho/Dezembro. 2014. 3 Fig. 1: Location of The Study Area Fig. 2: Base Map of the Study Area Revista Eletrônica Geoaraguaia. Barra do Garças-MT. V 4, n.2, p 1 - 25. Julho/Dezembro. 2014. 4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Murshidabad district, which was the mostly developed district of West Bengal during the opulence of Nawabs (The Great king of Bengal), showing totally different feature today due to its decreasing glory from the middle of eighteenth century to till today. The Nawab made the glory on the basis of industrial development of the district mainly. The main aim and objective is to study and to find out the reasons behind its decreasing glory. Good suggestions are recommended which can help to return the glory of the district. Various glorious performances of the past in the industrial sector may inspire the present people to build up such industries for their economic development (Kathpalia, 2002). The study could make the district a very good tourist destination by which the economically very poor people can earn some money to gather food and clothes for their children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is descriptive and qualitative by nature. To ensure the perfect location of the study area, topographical sheets are used. Tabular analysis and cartographic presentations are done on the basis of primary and secondary statistical data. Direct field observation is also one of the principal methodology of the study. A team of geographers had visited the area during the month of October, 2013. The characteristics of the district and significant phenomenon are studied and included to draw attention of the future researchers. The present industrial conditions are also studied directly from the field observations and to some extent collected from the secondary sources. Secondary data are collected from different district statistical handbooks, gazetteers, magazines and local govt. offices etc. Previous literature reviews are done on the basis of direct library work to improve the authenticity of the study. The tourist guides had helped a lot to visit the key places and its surrounding regions of the district and added information which are very significant and interesting for the researchers. Information, mainly related to ivory carving, textile industry etc. are also collected from different secondary sources as it was in various web sites. Recommendations are made on the basis of direct field observation which has taken a vital role to draw the conclusions. After collecting the data; the toposheet, Google earth map and block map (district) are rectified (Photoshop-CS). Then, the Revista Eletrônica Geoaraguaia. Barra do Garças-MT. V 4, n.2, p 1 - 25. Julho/Dezembro. 2014. 5 image of the location map is registered (Photoshop-CS) respect to toposheet. The tables and Graphical presentations are done with the help of Excel software.
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