Contract Wp 9711 Development of a Reconciliation Strategy for All Towns in the Northern Region

CONTRACT WP 9711 DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION

MOPANI DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY BA-PHALABORWA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY

FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR

NAMAKGALE - LULEKANI RWS CLUSTER

Ben ABC, Mashishimale R1, Mashishimale R2, Mashishimale R3, Makushane R1, Makhushane R2, Maseke, Namakgale, Humulani, Lulekani A & B and Matiko-Xikaya

DRAFT VERSION 1.2

December 2010

Prepared by: Prepared for: SRK Consulting Department of Water Affairs PO Box 55291 Directorate: National Water Resource Planning NORTHLANDS Private Bag X313 2116 PRETORIA, Tel: +27 (0) 11 441 1111 0001 E-mail: [email protected]

RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR NAMAKGALE - LULEKANI CLUSTER REPORT NO. { } DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR NAMAKGALE-LULEKANI RWS CLUSTER EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The strategy objectives and methodology are presented in a separate report titled “Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ” that should be read in conjunction with this document. Location and Background Information The Namakgale-Lulekani RWS Cluster is situated in the south-eastern part of the Ba- Phalaborwa Local Municipality. The Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality (BPLM) is one of six local municipalities that together form the Mopani District Municipality within the Limpopo Province of the Republic of South Africa. Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality is situated in the central eastern portion of the Limpopo province within the Mopani District Municipal Area of jurisdiction. The Ba-Phalaborwa municipality is bordered by the Kruger National Park to the east, the Greater Giyani municipality to the north, Tzaneen municipality to the west and Maruleng municipality to the south.

Ba-Phalaborwa Municipality covers an area of 300,488 km 2 and has an overall population density of 44 persons/km 2. The towns within the Namakgale-Lulekani RWS Cluster and the nearby town of Phalaborwa constitute the major population concentration in BPLM (Mopani WSDP, 2008). Mining is the main economic activity in this region.

This document focuses on the Namakgale-Lulekani RWS Cluster. The Namakgale-Lulekani RWS Cluster includes the settlements of Ben ABC, Mashishimale R1, Mashishimale R2, Mashishimale R3, Makhushane R1, Makhushane R2, Maseke, Namakgale, Humulani, Lulekani A & B and Matiko – Xikaya.

The capacity of the Olifants River Barrage Water Works situated within the Namakgale- Lulekani Cluster is 63 Ml/day, which translates to 22.995 million m³/a (WSDP, 2009).

Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area

The confidence level for the information in this study area is low due to the low confidence in the population estimates as well as minimal existing records of actual water consumption.

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Priority Rating for the Development of a Detailed Reconciliation Strategy

The cluster possesses a Priority 1 (low) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy, as the cluster is supplied with sufficient water.

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Water Balance with Reconciliation Options

The table and graph below show the future status of the Namakgale - Lulekani Cluster water balance, if WC/WDM measures and augmentation by ground water are implemented in the study area.

Current Status and Demand Projections (million m3/a)

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Available Yield (million Groundwater 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 m3/a) Surface water 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 Total Water Supply (million m 3/a) 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 Water Requirement (no Low Growth 8.774 8.998 9.549 10.410 10.829 10.914 reconciliation options 3 (million m /a) High Growth 8.812 9.115 9.881 10.998 11.676 12.004 Surplus/ Shortfall (million Low Growth 14.221 13.997 13.446 12.585 12.166 12.081 m³/a) High Growth 14.183 13.880 13.114 11.997 11.319 10.991

Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (million m3/a)

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Available Yield (million Groundwater 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 m3/a) Surface water 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995

Augmentation Measures Groundwater 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 (million m ³/a) Surface water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Total Available Water (million m 3/a) 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 Water Requirement (no Low Growth 8.774 8.998 9.549 10.410 10.829 10.914 reconciliation options 3 (million m /a) High Growth 8.812 9.115 9.881 10.998 11.676 12.004 WC/WDM measures Low Growth 0.193 0.187 0.173 0.177 0.185 0.184 (Savings)(million m ³/a) High Growth 0.194 0.189 0.178 0.187 0.200 0.202 Surplus/ Shortfall (million Low Growth 14.414 14.184 13.619 12.762 12.351 12.265 m³/a) High Growth 14.377 14.069 13.292 12.184 11.519 11.193

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Conclusions

• The Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster has a current water demand of 9.115 million m³/a, which is projected to increase to 12.004 million m³/a by the year 2030. • Water is sourced from the Olifants River. • The Olifants River Barrage Water Works has a storage capacity of 63 Ml/d, which translates to approximately 22.995 million m³/a. • Based on the high growth scenario of the population and level of service, the current surface water will be sufficient to meet the needs of the cluster until 2030.

Strategy/Recommendations

Short Term

• Review water allocations to other water users and registrations from the Olifants River Barrage Water Works to ensure the sustainable use of this resource. • Develop and implement a Water Conservation and Demand Management plan with clear performance targets. This must include limiting the wasteful use of water in order to control water consumption and utilise the available resources to their full potential. • Water use should be accurately monitored through a network of water meters which should be recorded on a regular basis.

Long Term

• Manage and monitor the Water Conservation and Demand Management plan.

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Current and Future Water Requirements for the Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster

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Augmentation Options and/or Implementation of WC/WDM Measures

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This is a strategy for the Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster has been accepted and signed by Mopani District Municipality, Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality, DWA Northern Regional Office and the DWA Head Office (D: NWRP) as follows:

Town WMA DM WSA WSDP Status

Namakgale-Lulekani Ba- Mopani Mopani District Under Mopani Cluster Phalaborwa District Municipality District Local Municipality Municipality Municipality

Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….

Signature:…………………………………… Signature:…………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Position:…………………...... Position:…………………………… Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality Mopani District Municipality Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….

Signature:…………………………………… Signature:…………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Position:………………………………… Position:……………………………… DWA Regional Office DWA D: National Water Resource Planning

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1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 Study Area ...... 1

1.2 Regional Setting ...... 1

1.3 Economic Drivers ...... 3

1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area ...... 3

2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 3

3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS ...... 4

3.1 Level of Services ...... 4

4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030 ...... 5

4.1 Future Water Requirements ...... 5

5 WATER RESOURCES ...... 5

5.1 Surface Water ...... 5

5.1.1 Water Allocation/s ...... 6

5.1.2 Quality ...... 6

5.2 Groundwater ...... 6

5.2.1 Water Allocation/s ...... 6

5.2.2 Quality ...... 6

6 WATER REQUIREMENTS BALANCE ...... 6

6.1 Priority to Develop a Water Supply Reconciliation Strategy for the Cluster ...... 9

7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 9

7.1.1 Water Treatment Plants ...... 9

7.1.2 Return Flows ...... 9

7.1.3 State of WTW ...... 9

7.1.4 Distribution network and reservoirs ...... 9

8.1 Level of Services ...... 9

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) ...... 9

8.2.1 Return Flows ...... 9

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8.2.2 State of WWTW ...... 10

9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 10

9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management (WC/WDM) ...... 10

9.2 Rain Water Harvesting ...... 10

9.3 Ground Water ...... 10

9.4 Re-use ...... 10

9.5 Surface Water ...... 10

9.6 Conjunctive Use of Surface Water and Ground Water...... 10

9.7 Buy-Out of Water Allocations/Rights ...... 10

10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS FOR THE NAMAKGALE- LULEKANI CLUSTER ...... 11

11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 13

12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 13

12.1 Short Term ...... 13

Long Term ...... 13

13 REFERENCES ...... 14

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Figure 1-1: Locality of the Lulekani-Namakgale Cluster ...... 2

Figure 2-1: Projected Population ...... 4

Figure 6-1: Current and Future Water Requirements for the Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster ...... 8

Figure 10-1: Augmentation Options and/or Implementation of WC/WDM Measures .... 12 LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1: Historical and Projected Population ...... 3

Table 3-1: Current Service Levels ...... 4

Table 4-1: Water Requirement Projections ...... 5

Table 5-2: Other Water Users Dependent on the Water Resource ...... 6

Table 6-1: Current Status and Demand Projections (million m 3/a) ...... 7

Table 8-1: Current Service Levels ...... 9

Table 10-1: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures ...... 11

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ABBREVIATIONS

AADD Average Annual Daily Demand ALC Active Leakage Control CBD Central Business Districts CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research D: NWRP Directorate: National Water Resource Planning DM District Municipality DMA District Meter Area DWA Department of Water Affairs DPLG Department of Provincial and Local government FC Fibre Cement IDP Integrated Development Plan IRP Integrated Resource Planning LOS Level of Service LM Local Municipality MDG Millennium Development Goals Million m3/a Million cubic meters/ annum NRW Non Revenue Water NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective NGDB National Groundwater Database PRV Pressure Reducing Valve RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SA South Africa SDI Spatial Development Initiative SDF Spatial Development Framework UFW Unaccounted for Water WARMS Water Use Registering and Licensing Management System WC/WDM Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WMA Water Management Area WRC Water Research Commission

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WRSM2005 Water Resources Simulation Model 2005 WSA Water Services Authority WSDP Water Services Development Plan WSNIS Water Services National Information System WSP Water Services Provider WTW Water Treatment Works WWTW Wastewater Treatment Works

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Aquifer An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be abstracted

Allocation A water allocation is an authority to take water in areas covered by a resource operations plan

Catchment The land area drained by a river and its tributaries

Demand/ A measure of the need for a portion of the supply of water requirement

Demand Measures available to a Water Service Provider to reduce water demand reduction and improve water use efficiency: for example, water restrictions

Entitlement A water entitlement is the general term used to describe water authorities granted under the Water Act, 1998 . This can be either a water allocation, interim water allocation or a water licence

Non Revenue This is the difference between the volume of water into a system and the Water billed authorised consumption for the area being supplied by the system

Reliable yield The quantity of water that can be collected for a given use from a supply source or supply option with a specified degree of certainty and predictability, which is determined through analysis.

Reliability of The probability of providing a specified water entitlement under given Supply operating conditions for a specified period of time

Supply The quantity of water available for meeting a demand

Supply option A potential future water resource, defined as any location-specific change to water availability, infrastructure or reliable take that will result in the total available supply being increased.

Water balance The differential of demand and supply baseline.

Yield The average annual volume that can be drawn from a supply source or supply option to meet a specified demand at a specified service level. Yield is always associated with some measure of probability of occurrence, whether that is reliability or probability of achieving a level of service. That is, yield is the volume of water drawn to meet demands in a sustainable sense

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1 INTRODUCTION

The Department of Water Affairs has initiated a study for the development of reconciliation strategies for towns throughout the country in order to ensure effective and efficient management of water resources now and into the future.

The Northern Region study area comprises the water management areas of Limpopo, Luvuvhu and Letaba, Crocodile (West) and Marico, and Olifants and encompasses the Limpopo and portions of Gauteng, North West and Mpumalanga provinces.

This report should be read in conjunction with a separate report titled “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Towns Study – Northern Region ”.

1.1 Study Area

This document focuses on the Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster. The Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster includes settlements of Ben ABC, Mashimale R1, Mashimale R2, Mashimale R3, Makhushane R1, Makhushane R2, Maseke, Namakgale, Humulani, Lulekani A & B and Matiko-Xikaya.

Water for this region is sourced from the Olifants River Barrage Water Works.

1.2 Regional Setting

The Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster is situated in the south-eastern part of the Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality. The Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality (BPLM) is one of six local municipalities that together form the Mopani District Municipality within the Limpopo Province of the Republic of South Africa. Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality is situated in the central eastern portion of the Limpopo province within the Mopani District Municipal Area of jurisdiction. The Ba-Phalaborwa municipality is bordered by the Kruger National Park to the east, the Greater Giynai municipality to the north, Tzaneen municipality to the west and Maruleng municipality to the south.

Ba-Phalaborwa Municipality covers an area of 300,488 km 2 and has an overall, population density of 44persons/km 2. The Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster along with the town of Phalaborwa constitute the major population concentration in Ba-Phalaborwa LM.

The locality map, of the position of the Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster within the Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality is presented in Figure 1-1 below.

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Figure 1-1: Locality of the Lulekani-Namakgale Cluster

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1.3 Economic Drivers

Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality has an economic base centred on mining, the community/social sector and eco-tourism. The area has a unique natural environment comprising conservation areas and ecotourism development together with the bordering Kruger National Park. This and the large mining development form a key economic driver (WSDP, 2009).

1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area

The confidence level for the information in this study area is low due to the low confidence in the population estimates as well as minimal existing records of actual consumption for water.

2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS

Population data for the cluster is included below in Table 2-1. Various demographics and geographical spatial information data sources were utilised to obtain population data. The methodology is explained in the separate document, “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ”. Two scenarios have been analysed, one being a high growth, while the other a low growth projection.

Table 2-1: Historical and Projected Population

Population Low Population High Year Growth Growth 2008 127,183 127,732 2010 129,577 131,266 2015 133,167 137,799 2020 134,945 142,567 2025 135,599 146,202 2030 136,660 150,312

The low and high growth scenario for the Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster is assessed as having a positive growth potential. The population is anticipated to increase from the 2008 figure of 127,732 to 150,312 in 2030. The comparison between these two scenarios is shown below in Figure 2-1.

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155,000

150,000

145,000

140,000

135,000 Population 130,000

125,000

120,000

115,000 2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Namakgale -Lulekani (Low Growth Scenario) Namakgale -Lulekani (High Growth Scenario)

Figure 2-1: Projected Population

3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS

There are no detailed records for historical use.

3.1 Level of Services

Level of Hardship (LOH) is used to evaluate standard of water services provided to the communities based on the RDP criteria as specified above. The current service levels are presented in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1: Current Service Levels

Above RDP RDP Below RDP None/ own Service level House Yard Supply Supply resources/ connection connection (<200m) (>200m) supply (>500m) WSNIS, 2007 53% 38% 9% 0% 0%

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The LOH for water services is low, with all households being above RDP water levels of service.

4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030

4.1 Future Water Requirements

The future water requirements until 2030 are presented in Table 4-1 and Figure 6-1 for the Murchison RWS Cluster. The assumptions used for the generation of these calculations are summarised as follows: • Population Projections: The projections are calculated using high growth and low growth population estimates, as indicated in Table 4-1. • Current Level of Service (LOS) Estimates: the current level of water consumption was used to calculate the future water requirements, 189 l/cap/day for dwellings with house connections, 101 l/cap/day for dwellings with yard connections and 40 l/cap/day for the dwellings supply at or below RDP level. • Future Requirements : For planning purposes, the future requirements are projected using “Scenario 3” i.e. LOS assumed to be at a minimum of a Yard Connection by 2015, with a 5% growth in house connections by 2015 and a further 15% growth in house connections by 2020 (total growth in house connections of 20%).

Table 4-1: Water Requirement Projections

Population Water Water Population Year High Requirements Requirements Low Growth Growth Low Growth High Growth

2008 127,183 127,732 8.774 8.812 2010 129,577 131,266 8.998 9.115 2015 133,167 137,799 9.549 9.881 2020 134,945 142,567 10.410 10.998 2025 135,599 146,202 10.829 11.676 2030 136,660 150,312 10.914 12.004

(1) Base population is provided for 2007. 5 WATER RESOURCES 5.1 Surface Water Surface water for the Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster is sourced from the Olifants River and is supplied from the Olifants River Barrage Water Works. The Olifants River Barrage Water Works has a capacity of 22.995 million m³/a.

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5.1.1 Water Allocation/s

There is no information regarding the allocation of water within this cluster. This will require further future investigations.

5.1.2 Quality

No record was found.

5.2 Groundwater

Not applicable.

5.2.1 Water Allocation/s

Not applicable.

Table 5-1: Other Water Users Dependent on the Water Resource

Licensed abstraction (million m3/a) Name Domestic Mining Irrigation Agriculture Other

------

5.2.2 Quality No record was found.

6 WATER REQUIREMENTS BALANCE

The current and future water surplus/shortfalls are summarised in Table 6-1 and graphically illustrated in Figure 6-1 for the Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster. The projected water demand is balanced against the water availability, provided the current water availability is accessible until 2030.

The current abstraction, the registered water use and the quality of the water provided by the Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster are summarised in Table 6-2 where the information is available.

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Table 6-1: Current Status and Demand Projections (million m3/a)

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

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Figure 6-1: Current and Future Water Requirements for the Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster

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6.1 Priority to Develop a Water Supply Reconciliation Strategy for the Cluster

The Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster is considered as having a Priority 1 rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster is supplied with sufficient water.

7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

7.1.1 Water Treatment Plants

The Olifants River Barrage Water works has a capacity of 22.995 million m 3/a.

7.1.2 Return Flows

Not applicable. 7.1.3 State of WTW Not applicable.

7.1.4 Distribution network and reservoirs

The Namakgale-Lulekani Scheme consists of 35 reservoirs, 3 tanks, 4 pump stations, 154,728m of bulk supply pipelines and 372,909 m of reticulation.

8.1 Level of Services

The Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster is primarily serviced by water borne sanitation with the outlying areas relying on pit latrines (WSDP, 2007). The service levels are summarised in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1: Current Service Levels

Above RDP RDP Below RDP Septic tanks, None, Flush toilet Pit latrine digester, desluger, chemical, Service level (connected with effluent discharge bucket or pit to sewerage ventilation to an oxidation latrine without system) (VIP) pond, etc ventilation WSNIS, 2007 85% 1% 14%

The above tabled information indicates that the LOH for sanitation services is low.

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW)

There are two waste water treatment works located within the Namakgale-Lulekani Cluster.

8.2.1 Return Flows

The return flows of the waste water treatment works are 1.277 million m³/a and 3.285 million m³/a.

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8.2.2 State of WWTW

Both water treatment works are deemed to be in good operating condition.

9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management (WC/WDM) No WC/WDM measures.

9.2 Rain Water Harvesting

Not applicable.

9.3 Ground Water

Not applicable.

9.4 Re-use

Not applicable.

9.5 Surface Water

Not applicable.

9.6 Conjunctive Use of Surface Water and Ground Water

Not applicable.

9.7 Buy-Out of Water Allocations/Rights Not applicable.

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10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS FOR THE NAMAKGALE-LULEKANI CLUSTER

The estimated water requirements and water availability with regard to augmentation and the implementation of WC/WDM measures are summarised in Table 10-1 and graphically illustrated in Figure 10-1.

Table 10-1: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Ground Available Yield (million Water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 m3/a) Surface Water 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 Ground Augmentation Measures Water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 (million m ³/a) Surface Water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Total Available Water (million m 3/a) 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 22.995 Low Water Requirement (no Growth 8.774 8.998 9.549 10.410 10.829 10.914 reconciliation options 3 High (million m /a) Growth 8.812 9.115 9.881 10.998 11.676 12.004 Low WC/WDM measures Growth 0.193 0.187 0.173 0.177 0.185 0.184 (Savings)(million m ³/a) High Growth 0.194 0.189 0.178 0.187 0.200 0.202 Low Surplus/ Shortfall (million Growth 14.414 14.184 13.619 12.762 12.351 12.265 m³/a) High Growth 14.377 14.069 13.292 12.184 11.519 11.193

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Figure 10-1: Augmentation Options and/or Implementation of WC/WDM Measures

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11 CONCLUSIONS

12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS 12.1 Short Term • Review water allocations to other water users and registrations from the Olifants River Barrage Water Works to ensure the sustainable use of this resource. • Develop and implement a Water Conservation and Demand Management plan with clear performance targets. This must include limiting the wasteful use of water in order to control water consumption and utilise the available resources to their full potential. • Water use should be accurately monitored through a network of water meters which should be recorded on a regular basis. Long Term • Manage and monitor the Water Conservation and Demand Management plan.

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13 REFERENCES

[1] DWAF (2004) Directorate: National Water Resource Planning (North) INTERNAL STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE: LUVUVHU/LETABA WATER MANAGEMENT AREA December 2004 Directorate : National Water Resource Planning Olifants Water Management Area Internal Strategic Perspective Version 1 : February 2004 [2] Draft IDP Ba-Phalaborwa Municipality, Draft IDP Document, (2010-2015) Review (2010- 2015 ) [3] Mopani District Mopani District Municipality Water Services Development Plan Municipality (WSDP), Draft 1, 7 January 2009. (2009)

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