THE ORIGINAL MAGAZINE FOR MODEL ENGINEERS

Vol. 220 No. 4580 • 16 February - 1 March 2018

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Romney Hythe and Dymchurch

COVER FEATURE

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SUBSCRIPTIONS UK - New, Renewals & Enquiries Tel: 0344 243 9023 Email: [email protected] USA & CANADA - New, Renewals & Enquiries Tel: (001)-866-647-9191 REST OF WORLD - New, Renewals & Enquiries Tel: +44 1604 828 748 Email: [email protected] Vol. 220 No. 4580 16 February - 1 March 2018 CURRENT AND BACK ISSUES Tel: 01733 688964 Website: www.mags-uk.com 284 SMOKE RINGS 306 GARRETT 4CD EDITORIAL News, views and comment on the Chris Gunn starts work on the governor. Editor: Diane Carney world of model engineering. Tel: +44 (0)1539 564750 Email: [email protected] 309 ROMNEY HYTHE PRODUCTION 285 AN ENGINEER’S DAY OUT AND DYMCHURCH Designer: Yvette Green Roger Backhouse pays a visit to the National Rhys Owen explores behind the scenes at the Illustrator: Grahame Chambers Coal Mining Museum at Caphouse Colliery. Romney Hythe and Dymchurch Railway. Retouching Manager: Brian Vickers Ad Production: Andy Tompkins ADVERTISING 290 MAKING THE DRIVING 312 LATHES AND MORE Advertising Sales Executive: David Email: [email protected] WHEELS FOR 4457 FOR BEGINNERS Tel: 07718 648689 Bob Bramson explains how he made the driving Graham Sadler discusses taps and dies and wheels for his 7¼ inch Great Northern Atlantic. introduces us to the cutting of threads. MARKETING & SUBSCRIPTIONS Subscription Manager: Kate Hall 292 FERRABEE 314 WIDE-A-WAKE MANAGEMENT Anthony Mount continues his construction Ramon Wilson varnishes the hull and makes Group Advertising Manager: Rhona Bolger series; an unusual stationary . the various fittings and accessories. Email: [email protected] Chief Executive: Owen Davies Chairman: Peter Harkness 297 ME VERTICAL 318 FORK ENDS Martin Gearing lists the materials and other Roger Vane makes a set of fork ends for his parts you will need to make your boiler. Adams locomotive’s brake rods.

300 POSTBAG 322 BOLTON TRAM © MyTimeMedia Ltd. 2018 Readers’ letters. Ashley Best’s illustrated description of an award All rights reserved ISSN 0026-7325 winning, scratch built model in 1:16 scale. The Publisher’s written consent must be obtained before any part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever, including photocopiers, and information retrieval systems. All reasonable care is taken in the 302 BUSHELLS OF SNORING preparation of the magazine contents, but the publishers cannot be held legally responsible for errors in the contents of this magazine or for any loss however Barrie Bushell recollects his life growing 326 CLUB NEWS arising from such errors, including loss resulting from negligence of our staff. Geoff Theasby compiles the latest from model Reliance placed upon the contents of this magazine is at reader’s own risk. up with steam in Norfolk. Model Engineer, ISSN 0026-7325, is published fortnightly with a third issue engineering clubs around the world. in May and October by MYTIMEMEDIA Ltd, Enterprise House, Enterprise Way, Edenbridge, Kent TN8 6HF, UK. The US annual subscription price is 93.00GBP (equivalent to approximately 132USD). Airfreight and mailing in the USA by agent named Air Business Ltd, c/o Worldnet Shipping Inc., 156-15, 146th Avenue, 2nd Floor, Jamaica, NY 11434, USA. Periodicals THE ORIGINAL MAGAZINE FOR MODEL ENGINEERS postage paid at Jamaica NY 11431. US Postmaster: Send address changes 329 DIARY to Model Engineer, Worldnet Shipping Inc., 156-15, 146th Avenue, 2nd Floor, Vol. 220 No. 4580 • 16 February - 1 March 2018 Forthcoming events. Jamaica, NY 11434, USA. Subscription records are maintained at dsb.net 3 Queensbridge, The Lakes, Northampton, NN4 7BF. Air Business Ltd is acting as our mailing agent.

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Romney Hythe and Dymchurch ON THE COVER...

COVER FEATURE

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£3.99 Ashley Best’s Bolton Corporation No. 46 tram, to one sixteenth Bolton Tram scale, completed in this issue.

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Calls are charged at the same rate as standard UK landlines and are included as part of any inclusive or free minutes allowances. There are no additional charges with this number. Overseas calls will cost more. am writing this with the memory of the London 1 IModel Engineering exhibition at Ally Pally still fresh in my mind although, of course, the show will be but a distant memory for you by the time you read it! The show was a great opportunity for me to meet many of my fellow model engineers and even pester some of you for contributions but there Rosie’s governess cart. are three things that made an impression, that I would like to hobby but we need many more now available to us at the share with you. of them, which means we need hobby level, and at reasonably The fi rst was my visit to the more EYEs! Patrick gives us a low cost. I was reminded of DIANE Eastleigh Young Engineers few pointers towards achieving this particularly when I saw CARNEY Editor (EYEs) stand, tacked onto the this in his letter in this issue’s an X-Y plasma cutter on the end of that of its progenitor, Postbag (page 300). ‘Swifty’ stand (www.swiftycnc. the Eastleigh Model Boat Club, Wandering across the hall, I com). This will cut quarter inch and presided over by founder was reminded that our hobby steel and, at a cost of a few Patrick Hendra. The stand was does not remain static but thousand pounds, brings this fi lled with examples of work changes continually, offering technology almost within the from several of the members, us new ways of achieving our reach of the home workshop, MARTIN who range in age from about 9 goals. This is truer than ever or perhaps the club workshop. EVANS Acting Editor to 18. The standard of the work just now. Who, for instance, I then wafted over to the was, without exaggeration, would spend hours with a REMAP stand (www.remap. astonishingly high. There hacksaw and fi les cutting out org.uk) to see some of the were two 3D printers, made by the frames of a locomotive gadgets conjured up by Angus French and Ewan Wright, (for instance) when it can be engineer volunteers to make both 18, along with some done equally precisely, and for life easier for elderly and examples of the very fi ne work very little extra cost, using a disabled people. One very produced on them. Angus also laser cutter? Perhaps some simple gadget stood out for presented a six-axis robotic might think this is not ‘real me. I’m sure you can imagine arm, beautifully engineered, engineering’ but, then, what how diffi cult it must be to with the main structural is that? Is it defi ned as how it hang out the washing if you members cut out on a CNC mill was done in 1932 – or 1792? only have one hand. Here is and then anodized (I was told) What date will you choose? the solution (photo 2). Instead on the kitchen table. Both of Well, I would choose 2018 (for of having to manoeuvre your these very able young men are now!). After all, who forges smalls into the jaws of the set for careers in engineering, these days and clothes peg while, at the same I am glad to say, where I am who uses a treadle lathe, or time, attaching the peg to the sure they will make their mark. cuts his own custom (i.e. line you simply do the job in Another model which caught non-standard) screws and two steps with your double my eye particularly was a lovely nuts? CNC, CAD, 3D printing ended peg. It’s really quite governess cart (see photo 1), and laser cutting were all the brilliant and reminded me that, very nicely made by Rosie, who stuff of science fi ction not so in engineering at any rate, is 10 years old. Angus, Ewan long ago (do you remember simplicity is the essence of and Rosie are the future of our Goldfi nger’s laser?) but are genius.

Martin R Evans 2 Acting Editor

Martin Evans can be contacted on the email below and would be delighted to receive your contributions, in the form of items of correspondence, comment or articles. T. 07710 192953 Double ended clothes peg. [email protected]

284 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 An Engineer’s Day Out

National Coal Mining Museum for 1 Roger Caphouse Colliery near Backhouse Wakefield is home of England’s visits the National Coalmining Museum National (photo 1). Worked from the 18th century and redeveloped Coalmining in 1876 it finally closed in Museum at Caphouse 1985 when coal reserves were colliery. exhausted. Three years later it reopened as one of Britain’s most authentic museums. With significant collections the museum is about coal miners and mining communities as much as mining techniques but there Caphouse colliery headstock is now part of the National Coalmining is much engineering interest Museum for England. The mine worked from the 18th century but was displayed here that was once redeveloped in 1876 to close finally in 1985. hidden. At peak Britain had 3,384 Once down they’re surprised coal seams headroom is barely mines, employing nearly 1.25 by the strong breeze. The wide three feet. million men. Coal was the passageway seems well lit. There’s a crescendo of noise resource fueling the Industrial Tubs of coal await lifting to and a coal cutter approaches. Revolution and helping the surface. A narrow-gauge It’s loud in the confined space Britain dominate international train with a Diesel engine with much dust. Then it trade. Yet in 2015 Yorkshire’s and wooden carriages takes passes. Coal’s been cut and Kellingley Colliery closed, the them perhaps two miles. passed back along a narrow last British deep mine and At intervals planks across conveyor to be loaded on the the end of King Coal. Power the tunnel arch are piled larger conveyor. stations now rely on mostly with limestone dust. In an Unusually for teenagers this imported coal despite the UK’s explosion the dust disperses, group are subdued afterwards. large coal reserves. reducing spread. There are no jokes in the Off the train they walk showers later. What was a alongside a conveyor belt Some of this experience 2 working mine like ? bringing coal back from the is possible at the National First picture a schoolboy party, face. Notices warn against Coalmining Museum for from Kington, Herefordshire, riding on it. It is a long walk England. There’s plenty to see visiting Shropshire’s Madeley and there’s less headroom and above ground and visitors can Wood Colliery in the mid all but the shortest boys stoop descend a genuine coal mine, 1960’s. In the colliery canteen their heads but the breeze is though it is no longer working they eat sandwiches and still fresh though the lighting and rather cleaner. then search themselves for dims. Eventually they reach the cigarettes and matches for coal face, at right angles to the Coal extraction no naked lights are allowed tunnel and conveyor. This is Early coal extraction was by below. Gas explosions are the long wall mining. a hewer with his pick, which worst hazard in a mine but The boys see rows of was hard physical work in a there are many others. They’re hydraulic pit props holding confined space. The usual given helmets, lights and up the rock. At one point the practice was to undercut the battery packs. Each boy has a props move forward, all done seam with a pick and then numbered brass check and a automatically. Behind them the bring down the coal, later group goes into the cage to be roof curves down towards the using levers, explosives or wound down. It’s cramped and floor where the coal seam has compressed air charges in there’s not enough headroom been worked out, a reminder holes drilled into the seam. A double deck cage at Caphouse colliery (photo 2). The cage drops of the weight of rock above, The museum has a good transported miners and coal tubs to fast though they’re told this several hundred feet below the display of mining machinery and from the surface. It improved is under half the speed used surface. Headroom is lower that merits a more detailed productivity compared to the single deck when coal is hoisted to the here, less than five feet. This article. Coal cutting machines cages used previously. surface. isn’t the narrowest; for some are little known outside >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 285 coalfields but they transformed mining productivity from 3 4 around 1900 when longwall mining came into use. Compressed air powered some cutting machines, particularly where there were high gas risks but, when fully insulated electric power became available, most were electric. In the mid-19th century early coal cutting machines tried to replicate the hewer’s pick Made in Wakefield to a 1930‘s design by the US Jeffrey Trepanner model - note rotating cutter on the left. action, but unsuccessfully. Corporation this 35BB shortwall cutter was used until the 1960’s Trepanners cut larger lumps of coal more suitable for Around 1900 a chain saw like thanks to rugged construction. Now restored by the Museum. locomotives and house coal. device could undercut seams The design is similar in principle to early cutters of the 1900s. (photo 3). Others had rotating cutters, like a circular saw laid on its side. These often ran on 5 6 rails parallel to the face. Later cutters included trepanners with rotating teeth boring into the coal face (photos 4 and 5). This cut larger lumps of coal more suitable for household or locomotive fuel. Most early machines did one job only, such as cutting, but multi-function machines were developed which cut Trepanner cutting head - in use this would have had Model of a Gloster Getter coal cutting machine, and loaded coal. Machines sharpened teeth inserted. in use in the early 1950’s but soon superseded. introduced in the 1950‘s included the Gloster Getter (photo 6) that ran along the 7 8 face grinding coal off. Another was the Anderton shearer probably similar to one seen at Madeley Wood. Later machines produced finer coal suitable for burning in power stations. Though earlier shearers were single ended (photo 7) and had to be turned around at the end of each shift later machines were double ended and worked Single end shearer as seen underground at the museum Double end shearer seen underground at the museum (copyright both ways. One of the largest (copyright NCMME ). NCMME ). Joy Mining Machinery made many similar cutters. was the Joy 3LS double ended drum shearer (DERDS) that worked at Riccall colliery in 9 10 the 1980’s and 90’s and also seen underground at Caphouse (photo 8). The 1.5 metre diameter drums could cut up to 23 tonnes of coal per minute. Other machines did not cut coal but excavated underground roadways or levelled floors. Percussive drilling machines were introduced from around 1900 From the 1900’s machines like this Siskol Champion made by Docso Dintheader used for road headings and levelling floors to develop headings (new International Channelling Machinery were used for percussive displayed outside the museum. roadways) and stable holes drilling, replacing manual drills. for turning cutting machines to match the speed of the new By the road outside is a movements underground Several machines have longwall coal-cutting machines Docso Dintheader used to often left floors irregular and been restored by museum (photo 9). level floors (‘dinting’). Earth dangerous (photo 10). volunteers.

286 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 OUT AND ABOUT

11 12 13

Roof support used where longwall cutting was ongoing. Examples of coal tubs used to bring coal from near the face to the surface.

Sectioned hydraulic prop. Thousands 14 15 were used in British mines. Props could move forward automatically as the coal cutter progressed

Roof support Seams worked at Caphouse were the Beeston, New Hards and Flockton Thick seams. The thickest seam is only four feet thick and the narrowest three Pit Pony ‘Eric’ in the stables. Mining had a steady demand Winch and slusher displayed made by Austin feet eight inches and included for smaller breeds like Shetlands and Welsh ponies. Hopkinson & Co (later Pikrose) who specialised in substantial dirt bands that had Ponies were well treated. coal moving and cutting machinery. to be sorted out. Early miners left a large pillar of coal and worked between 16 17 (pillar and stall mining). Then, later, timber props were used. Removing props for re-use was hazardous as the roof collapsed behind. The Sylvester’s prop withdrawer allowed miners to recover a prop from a safer position using a long chain. Hydraulic props were stronger and came into general Steam winder made by Davy Brothers of Sheffi eld. It was a use in the 1950’s (photo 11). twin horizontal engine of 36 inch and 16 inch and Many were made by Dowty Steel headstock at the Hope shaft, more or less worked at 75lb/sq in. Altered in 1945 and 1957 it could raise who also made aircraft landing standard in British mines. 33 tons of coal an hour from 444 feet. gear. Rows of hydraulic props would advance automatically Pit ponies hauled tubs and the fl oor. There were face universal like that at the as the coal cutter moved the museum has stables conveyors taking coal from Museum’s Hope shaft (photo forward, as seen at Madeley (photo 14). Later, rope haulage the face and then gate loading 16). Later mines used skip Wood. Roof supports making a was used underground but conveyors and fi nally trunk haulage to raise power station canopy were also used where fastening tubs to moving conveyors carrying coal to coal to surface. Harworth’s miners could enter as the ropes was dangerous, adding tubs or later directly to skips modern concrete headstock cutter moved along (photo 12). to mining’s many hazards. for haulage to the surface. (mine now closed) was built Slushers were used to drag for skip haulage and can Moving coal coal, essentially scraping up Headstocks and winding be seen just north of Blyth Early miners dragged coal brought down by cutting Early collieries used a horse Services on the A1M. baskets of coal, often using machinery (photo 15). These gin to raise coal but the Caphouse has a steam children to help. Miners were were later replaced by multi- museum’s replica currently winding engine made by Davy among the fi rst to use wooden function cutter/loaders. awaits restoration. Caphouse Brothers of Sheffi eld in an rails and rudimentary wagons. Conveyors were introduced retains a wooden pitch pine engine house built in 1876. A Later iron and steel rails came from about 1900 and became headstock housing the winding twin horizontal engine into general use with iron tubs near standard in mines. wheel. Wood construction of 36 inch stroke and 16 inch lifted to the surface in the cage The fi rst examples scraped was later banned and steel bore, it worked at 75lb/sq in. It (photo 13). coal along a steel trough in headstocks became nearly was altered in 1945 and 1957 >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 287 18 19 20

Steam winder cylinder end. A Lilley controller helped prevent John Mills and Co of Llanidloes made this winders overrunning. smaller winding engine. and could raise 33 tons of coal an hour from a shaft of depth 21 22 of 444 feet (135m) (photos 17 and 18). Steam winding lasted a long time. At Caphouse steam hauled men and coal until 1974 but in 1987 an electric winder made by Needham Brothers of was installed for the museum. The winder in charge had a skilled job. Overrunning The drift opened in 1974 brought coal faster to the surface Mine control room. 20th century mining became was dangerous. King safety than winding via the narrow shafts. Note the conveyors and very sophisticated. gear and the Lilley controller the main extractor fans. helped prevent such hazards (photo 19). Smaller winding engines 23 24 stand outside including one made by John Mills and Co of Llanidloes, Powys (photo 20). A 600m drift (a tunnel into the hillside) with conveyors was opened at Caphouse in 1974. Previously production was limited by the quantity of coal that could be brought out through Caphouse’s relatively narrow shafts. The conveyor Robert Stephenson and Hawthorne 0-6-0 tank built Hunslet 0-6-0 Diesel hydraulic shunter built in 1973 for ran almost continuously in 1948 for a coal mine. Wheldale Colliery. It has a Cummins 388hp engine. and became the main way coal was transported to the and Yorkshire Railway. From transmission (photo 24). It was surface helping to make the pit the 1940’s lorry transport was new to Wheldale Colliery and 25 financially viable photo( 21). increasingly important there is currently being restored by a This drift also has the main and the railway closed. Some museum volunteer. extractor fans. Yorkshire mines near canals Underground flameproof Modern mines had control loaded onto Tom Pudding diesel engines were used on rooms where conveyors and compartment barges for coal two foot gauge tracks. The other mine operations were export (see Harold Crabtee, Museum has re-erected a line monitored (photo 22). Mining Railway on the water, Sobriety that takes passengers to the was far more sophisticated Project, 1993). Hope Shaft at weekends, in than often realised and at the The museum has a 0-6-0 school holidays and on special time of the 1984-5 miner’s mine locomotive Progress built event days (photo 25). strike Britain produced by Robert Stephenson and Train used once used to take miners the cheapest deep mined Hawthorne in 1948, used in Pumping mines nearer to their workplace. Flameproof coal in Europe. Thanks to Derbyshire (photo 23). It also Early mining was hampered by Diesel engine - here decked out for mechanisation productivity has a 0-6-0 Snibston class water build up and pumping Christmas. was at near record levels. Most Diesel locomotive built by the was one of the first uses of a coal went to power stations. in steam engine; first Savery’s Newcomen’s atmospheric A mineral railway linked 1973 with a 388hp Cummins engine which was not very engine (one can be seen at Caphouse to the Lancashire NT400 engine and hydraulic effective and then Thomas Heritage Centre).

288 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 OUT AND ABOUT

26 27 28

Electrically driven fans replaced Electric motor for fans. steam fans. Kellingley Mine closed in December 2015, the last deep mine in Britain. This re- Though limited it was far again using partitions to direct (hearing aids and pacemakers erected memorial commemorates some better than anything before so air. Later, electric fans became are permitted though). of those who died in mining accidents. use spread across coalfi elds. universal (photos 26 and 27). Coal was cheap so effi ciency Visitors going underground Mining memorial is sobering to see the names was not a great consideration. must leave all smoking Mining was hazardous. The from just one pit and think of Watt’s condenser and materials and electronic museum has the re-erected the thousands killed winning double acting beam engines devices like mobiles or memorial to men killed at the coal that made others improved pumping. A beam cameras at the surface Kellingley Mine (photo 28). It prosperous. ME engine house remains at Hope shaft though the engine has long gone. In the 20th century electric pumps became Visiting the mine Large car park and coach spaces. Museum is universal. Where possible This is one of Britain’s most impressive just off the A642 road mines drained to a sump or engineering museums but please allow plenty ______used adits. of time to look round. A visit underground Now there are underground is recommended but please wear sensible Other engineering interest nearby electric pumps, one used for footwear and suitable not-your-best clothing. This area deserves more tourists and is winter (a Roto D10D) and a Under-fi ves are not allowed below. surprisingly attractive topped by Emley Moor smaller pump used during Website www.ncm.org.uk Tel 01924 848 806 TV mast, the highest self-supporting mast in summer. Most pumping is Europe. done through the Hope shaft Opening with a large submersible The NCM museum is open daily (except has a working Kibblesworth pump ensuring Christmas and New Year’s Day ) from 10am to Newcomen Engine and a recreated railway the water table is kept below 5pm. Admission is FREE. Undergound tours run sometimes offering rides behind a Sentinel the level underground visitors 10am to 3.15pm (2.30pm autumn and winter). . go to. It pumps around 10 million gallons a week feeding Other facilities at the Museum Tolson Museum, Ravensknowle Park a water treatment plant and Good cafe. Huddersfi eld reed beds. Hope Store open during school holidays on The excellent local history gallery has models Tuesdays and Thursdays from 1-4pm. of a mine and mine headstock plus historic Ventilation Shop with good range of books about mining. textile machinery with a model of cross Methane gas (‘fi re damp’) Library currently open every Tuesday (all-day), compound mill engine. Also, a good transport builds up in most coal seams. Wednesday (pm) and Thursday (all-day). gallery. Unfortunately to close perhaps later in Explosions left carbon Railway operates weekends. 2017 or 2018 so an early visit is advised. monoxide (‘choke damp’) Blacksmith works Mondays and on special Yorkshire Waterways Museum, Goole tells the behind. Airborne coal dust event days. story of coal transport by canal and the Tom was another hazard. England’s Pudding boats. worst mine disaster, explosions How to get there at the nearby Oaks Colliery, 232 Yorkshire Tiger bus hourly between Other mining museums include: Barnsley, killed 383 in 1866 Wakefi eld and Huddersfi eld stops at the Big Pit, Blaenavon, is the Welsh equivalent of (Yorkshire Post 13th Dec 2016). Reindeer Inn, Middletown (pub with restaurant) the NCMME and also offers underground tours. Early ventilation used a then a short walk downhill to the Museum. Scottish National Mining Museum, Lady Victoria furnace in the bottom of a Superb views from the bus to Huddersfi eld on Colliery, Newtongrange, Dalkeith EH22 4QN. shaft creating a draught. a clear day. ______This was used at Caphouse. 128 Arriva bus - hourly between Dewsbury and A network of partitions Wakefi eld stops at the Museum. Acknowledgements (bratticing) directed air around Bus stops near Wakefi eld Westgate Station. Particular thanks to Mark Carlyle, Curator the mine but later steam Huddersfi eld Bus Station is close to the railway NCMME, for help with this article. powered fans came into use, station. www.model-engineer.co.uk 289 Making the DrivingPART 2 Wheels for 4457 sn’t it amazing how events casting to run true? Being cast and so I adopted one of the turn out? Shortly after part from a CNC pattern, they were recommendations, namely that Bob Bramson machines I1 had been drafted I found quite accurate and smoothly the interface surface finish be the driving wheels and myself rummaging through finished so I used a dial as smooth as possible for both tyres for his 7¼ inch Bill’s papers, held in my care, indicator on the boss to assist the wheel centre and the tyre, Great Northern C1 class and came across the most in setting up. It soon became these being achieved by fine locomotive. amazing letter. This was from evident that when trying to turning. The diameter of the no less a person than H. G. tighten the holding bolts the wheel centre was measured Ivatt, dated 21st April 1959, in castings tended to run out using a large micrometer Continued from p.168 reply to a query from Bill. In of truth. I resorted to making checked against slip gauge M.E. 4578, 19 January 2018 it, he explains the reasoning three eccentric studs set into blocks. behind the closely pitched the faceplate which could be Being aware of the high wheel spacing, to quote, ‘a rotated to grip the inside of specification for railway tyres I (connecting) rod of this length the rim thus facilitating the consulted a metallurgist friend was unusual, in fact, had not securing of the castings to to establish the grade of steel been used in this country and run true, as shown in photo 4. to use. Small quantities of the as you state high tensile steels An undersized pilot bore was right ring rolled material were had not been fully developed drilled and reamed to increase of course out of the question, and my father no doubt felt the ease of centering for so it came down to what was somewhat nervous at using a further operations. practical and affordable. I rod of this length on high speed Making the steel tyres was opted for blanks cut from one locomotives’. the next job to be tackled. inch thick steel plate, BS 970 Machining the wheel During my railway career I grade 080A40 (EN 8), this castings was a fairly have witnessed many tyres being an unalloyed medium straightforward operation being fitted to wheels but carbon steel with a carbon but a complication arose never actually made them in content of between 0.35% due to the raised boss on the miniature size. to 0.45%. The choice of this reverse side being above the The interference fit chosen grade, however, turned out to level of the flange back. To for the tyre was 0.001inch be a mixed blessing and whilst accommodate this, I glued-on per inch of diameter and it was expected to have the with isocyanate six slip gauges therefore 0.010 inch for these correct mechanical properties using thin grade ZAP CA, as wheels. I have read several it proved very difficult to shown in photo 3. This enabled Institution of Locomotive machine. I had planned to the roughed-out casting to be Engineers technical papers complete all the machining on located to the faceplate but regarding the problems that my Harrison M250 lathe but then another problem arose were encountered with tyres this proved to be impossible which was how to set the becoming loose in service and, since I am a member of The Golden Valley Light Railway Association, I was able 3 4 to use their Colchester Triumph lathe which was equipped with a 13 inch faceplate. Before attempting to machine the blanks, I heated them to bright red and soaked them at this temperature for an hour before allowing them to cool overnight. This process annealed them thoroughly. The blanks were designed to have a generous internal clamping allowance, intended Using glued on slip gauges (this setup was for the tender wheels). Setup showing the three eccentric adjusting studs. for my Harrison lathe, since

290 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 LOCOMOTIVES

my original plan was to trepan the excess material away to 5 6 leave the fi nished tyre. Well, you live and learn, and looking back on this I felt rather foolish to expect to be able to achieve this. It was a case of long hours and endless patience to remove the surplus metal and I got through three, four-face tungsten carbide inserts in roughing out the four tyres. EN8 does not fi nish Using a Colchester Triumph lathe to machine the wheels. A completed tyre showing the internal bore. well using carbide cutters and the fi nishing cuts were completed using high speed 7 8 steel ground with a large top rake, a tip radius of 0.010 inch and plenty of lubricant. The fi nish cut with this material needed to be suffi ciently deep to avoid ‘scratching’ and I used between 0.003 inch and 0.005 inch depth of cut. This worked well but the cutting speed had to be low enough for the tools to last for the several cuts and Heating the fi rst tyre. The completed set of tyred wheels. I am pleased to recount that the internal fi nish was quite acceptable and the bores 9 10 were to within 0.001 inch on diameter (photos 5 and 6). The bores were measured using a 14 inch vernier gauge, checked against slip gauge blocks. We now come to the process of shrinking the tyres onto the wheel centres. Having never done this before I must Homemade wheel diameter gauge. Setting the gauge to the required dimension. confess to being a bit anxious about a wheel centre getting The fi nish boring of the secure joint is not guaranteed. shows the gauge I made to stuck in the wrong place and wheel centre was left until I would, however, recommend measure this and, as can be the prospect of having to scrap after the tyres had been shrunk that the utmost care is taken seen, there are two fl at blocks hours of work. In the event, I on and profi led so that the to ensure that the mating that locate on the fl ange back need not have been in the least bore would run dead true. surfaces of wheels and axles and two anvils, one fi xed and 1 concerned. A friend of mine Since I did not have a 1 ⁄16 inch are truly produced; in fact the other attached to the stem came over with his electronic reamer, I had to resort to fi ne achieving this is probably one of a dial gauge located on the temperature gauge that he boring. One thing I did learn of the most important jobs on 0.345 inch reference plane. had used when fi tting tyres was that gauging the bore is the whole locomotive. Photograph 10 shows how the to narrow gauge wheels and a bit of a lottery but luckily I Talking about gauging, I gauge was set to zero using we set about heating the fi rst possess a bore gauge which assume that most model slip gauges and a homemade tyre as shown in photo 7. The enabled the required accuracy engineers are unaware of full slip gauge clamp. Using the oxide colours started to appear to be achieved. I think that if size practices. In part 1, fi gure gauge proved easy, facilitated and I asked my friend the I did this again I would make 2, there is a vertical centre by virtue of the glued-on slip temperature we had reached use of a custom made stepped line from which a 0.197 inch gauges, and the diameters - aiming for 260 degrees C. plug gauge. As it happened, dimension is struck (this is of the entire locomotive and “Nowhere near” says he, as the there were minor variances the rightmost centre line in tender wheels were gauged tyre turns blue! It turned out in these diameters which the fi gure). This centre line is and fi nished using this method, that the battery in the high- required a degree of ‘fi tting’ termed the ‘reference’ plane the resulting diameters being tech thermometer had gone to ensure the 0.0015 inch being a plane 30mm from the spot-on. fl at! The wheel centre dropped interference with the axles was fl ange back. In 7¼ inch gauge In the next part, I will in with plenty of clearance maintained. I personally do this equates to 0.345 inch. describe quartering, how the and, after some fi ve minutes of not use engineering adhesives The reference plane sets the keyways were made, cooling, grabbed it; job done. to secure axles since, in my position on the coned tyre gear eccentrics and fi tting the The completed set is shown in experience, even using the at which the wheel diameter axles. photo 8. correct primers a lasting and is measured. Photograph 9 ●To be continued. www.model-engineer.co.uk 291 PART 11 Ferrabee Pillar Engine, 1862

I was looking through some Anthony old technical books and came Mount across an engine exhibited at continues his the International Exhibition construction of 1862 (not to be confused series; an with the Great Exhibition of unusual stationary steam 1851); I rather liked the look engine. of it, thinking it would make an attractive model.

Continued from p.183 M.E. 4578, 19 January 2018 Vee pulleys (Parts 45 and 46) The drive from the to the governor is by spring band, for which a couple of vee pulleys are needed. It would have been a leather belt in full size but I doubt a small one would give the drive required on the model. With a suitable piece of mild steel bar in the lathe turn down to diameter, turn the boss and then with a screw cutting tool put in the vee groove. Drill and ream 3mm for the governor shaft then with a parting tool form the back boss and part off. The crankshaft pulley is similar except for an extended boss and a larger hole through. unless you are willing to pay spindle, the hole in the gear Both can be locked to their for specially made gears which being carefully enlarged with respective shafts with M4 grub are astronomical in price. the tapered end of the hand screws, drilled and tapped The hole through as reamer for the fit required. through the vee. supplied is 6mm so mount a For the vertical shaft the gear The spring band of 2.5mm piece of larger material in the hole can be reamed a little diameter is available from lathe chuck and turn down more, just a scrape, so that it Forest Classics. to 6mm – ‘why bigger’ you becomes a tight push fit on the Tel. 01594-368318. ask? Well, no chuck is fully governor spindle. accurate so turning down Bevel gears from larger material will mean Gear shaft (Part 47) the resultant 6mm diameter (Part 48) A pair of bevel gears is is true and should result in a The horizontal gear shaft is required to drive the governor concentric running gear. just a straight length of 3mm - 0.8 Module, 16 teeth. Gears Loctite the gear to the turned diameter mild steel rod. Face are available from Polly Model bush and leave to cure, turn off each end and give a little Engineering but of course will off the boss to leave the width chamfer to the edges. need modification to fit our required, then centre and drill design. A builder of one of through a little undersize. Start Spindle collars my models sent back a pair to ream with the tapered end (Part 49) of gears with no explanation of the hand reamer (held in the Three collars are required for except a cryptic note ‘not tailstock chuck) until the shaft the governor spindle, one to fit for purpose’. I presume will just start to enter then part stop the balls rising too far, the he expected to get a gear off. other two to hold the spindle in especially made to fit his The gear on the stub shaft position on its bracket. 6mm model; this is just not possible can be pressed onto its diameter mild steel can be

292 Model Engineer 16 February 2018

>> www.model-engineer.co.uk 293 294 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 STATIONARY STEAM ENGINE

>> www.model-engineer.co.uk 295 used; drill and ream 3mm in I carried out the first job, and then counterbore, with pull some more material out the end of a length of material drilling the pivot holes, and either a ‘D’ bit or end mill to of the chuck and turn the and then cross drill and tap then clamped the lever in the form a flat bottomed hole. section between the flanges, M3. Pass the reamer through machine vice with the fork Form the flanges - yet again then part off. Reverse in the to clear the burrs and part off overhanging the side as little the short parting tool comes chuck, complete the drilling in the lathe. as possible. I used an end mill in useful. Part off and reverse through and counterbore for The locking screws can to machine along the length in the chuck, fitting to a tight the register. be M3 Allen grub screws cut of the edge between the pivot fitting arbor to turn the spigot Using the mill cross drill down from longer ones. holes, leaving in effect a on the end. for the inlet pipe, use a fine square boss at the pivot holes. Clamp in a machine vice thread for tapping, turn up Crankshaft The lever was turned over to on the vertical mill and cross the inlet pipe, screw it in and (Part 50) do the other side. drill for the other flange and silver solder in place. Mount 5 For the crankshaft a length of I have one of the small spigot. I used a ⁄16 inch x 40 again in the lathe chuck to run 9.5mm mild steel can be used 25mm wide vertical band thread in the cross drilled hole a drill through to clear out the 5 with a small centre drilled each sanders, I use this frequently and counterbored it ⁄16 inch passage way. end for appearances sake. and it is permanently fitted diameter to just clean up a full Do check that you select a with Zircona belts which last depth seating across the curve Stop valve spindle straight length, or you will have so much longer than other of the body. (Part 59) a wobbly flywheel. varieties. I used double sided The spigoted flange was Holding components for sticky tape to fix a block to the turned up with a threaded end, machining often presents Governor control lever pillar table to lift the fork clear and being screwed into the body, problems and here we have a (Part 51) then it was quite easy to blend and silver soldered in place. long thin spindle to form. Using To support the control lever the square bosses into the The thread stopped the two 5mm stainless steel, centre the a pillar is screwed into the double curve around the holes. parts coming apart during end and give tailstock support. top of the column. Start by Finish by cleaning up all soldering. About 10mm from the centre making the top fork, use 4mm round draw filing the straight The body was then held once use a parting tool to start the square mild steel and, after edges. The sides can be got at more in the machine vice on thin section; do not go to full facing off the end, cross drill by pinning the lever to a piece the vertical mill with the hole depth as we only need to mark for the pivot pin. of wood, cutting out a notch aligned with the drill to clean where to stop. Change to a slitting saw and for the fork to drop into. out the bore; in fact, rather Start the machining close machine in the slot - use a than use a drill I used a three- to the chuck where things are slow speed for the saw or you Governor sockets and pins flute end mill as it’s easier more solid and work left to will quickly spoil it. Change (Parts 53, 54 and 55) for cutting in the confines right with shallow cuts to bring back to the lathe and part off, The joints of the governor are of an existing hole with an down to finished diameter. Yet then reverse in the chuck and held together by sockets and intermittent cut. again the little short parting drill and tap 7BA. pins. In full size they would type tool is very useful working For the column use 6mm probably have used a plain Spindle gland between shoulders. diameter mild steel, turn down headed pin and a split pin; (Part 57) Alternatively, one could start the end to 2.5mm and thread however, in our case, to avoid An easy turning job, the with the material just a little 7BA. Make up a little bush drilling tiny cross holes, a pin spindle gland is made from a proud of the chuck jaws and tapped 7BA and, with a small pressed into a socket will be small piece of 7mm hexagon turn down to a little full of centre on the other end, screw very neat. brass. finished diameter in a series of it onto the end of the column They are tiny but steps, pulling a little more out and, giving tailstock support, straightforward to make. For Stop valve steam pipe of the chuck at each step, and the main length of the pillar the socket, turn down, drill a (Part 58) then going from left to right can be turned down to a taper, blind hole and part off. For the For the stop valve steam using tailstock support for a leaving a flange at the bottom pin just turn down, use a light pipe another length of brass few finishing cuts. end. For work between two stroke with a fine file to give is required and here there is Part off from the parent shoulders like this I use a short a lead in and part off. I used a the possibility of two forms. I metal, saw off the centred parting type tool with cutting pair of parallel closing pliers to have shown on the drawing a end and mount the spindle in edges either side as well as at press the two parts together. short horizontal inlet pipe for a collet for concentricity to the front. the connection of compressed machine the taper on the end. Part off, reverse in the chuck Stop valve body air above the wooden base. Reverse in the collet and turn and thread the end 7BA to (Part 56) However, if you make a down the end threading 10BA screw into the fork. We now come to some decorative wooden base with with a die, then change to a interesting turning operations, feet you could bring the air in 7BA die for threading the upper Governor lever with the main stop valve from underneath and could portion of the spindle that (Part 52) components. For the body I dispense with the horizontal works in the bracket. The movement of the governor have specified brass but you pipe. lTo be continued. is transferred to the throttle could use stainless steel if you Turn down the bottom via a rocking lever across the have any in stock you want to section and thread M8 – top of the engine column. It is use up. preferably, if you have a supplied laser cut from mild Turn down some rod to fine pitch tap use this. Mine steel, so the fork is there but it 18mm diameter and drill was 1mm pitch, part of the Next time we will make the does need machining to put in through to a depth of about constant pitch metric series. throttle valve and complete the bosses. 25mm. Open it out to 4mm Drill down about half way, the stop valve.

296 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 ME Vertical Boiler PART 3

A project aimed at beginners wishing to develop their skills or those requiring a robust vertical boiler for the running or testing of small steam engines. Martin Gearing lists the materials and other parts you will need.

Continued from p.160 M.E. 4578, 19 January 2018

Materials required for the ‘preferred’ suppliers or dad’s construction and in an effort construction of the Hand Feed workshop when he's out! to get the best value for money Pump, Boiler, Boiler Fitting and The mix of metric and and the convenience of a ‘One- Gas Burner Imperial dimensions has been Stop Shop’ the more eagle- The following lists give: brought about because I've eyed reader will notice some tried to obtain the lowest cost of the materials suggested Table 1: A metal cutting list from a single source, which are different from the ones with the type and size where makes the whole fag of getting pictured. Any changes have used. all the materials required been considered carefully very much easier and with a and only accepted as equal Table 2: A sundry items list - discount. I'm sure there are or an improvement to those with suggested suppliers and few that find pleasure in going pictured. alternatives. to sixty different suppliers for I'm bound to say that I sixty different items and this have no connection with any Noggin End Metals – 01782 would be extremely dispiriting of the suppliers suggested 865428 (ask for the Model for a beginner starting out with other than that of a very Engineer Vertical Boiler – Metal little or no stock of material. satisfied customer over several Pack) have agreed to make a The hand pump, vertical years, and for this project in metal pack to cover the bulk boiler and fittings that are particular. of the materials required at a the subject of the supporting Next time we will actually very reasonable cost and will pictures was well under way start cutting metal, beginning be found a great help if you during the negotiation to with the hand pump. are starting out and don't have supply a materials pack for the lTo be continued. >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 297 Hand Feed Pump, Boiler, Boiler Fittings and Gas Burner - Metal Required (All in metal pack supplied by NOGGIN END www.nogginendmetals.com) Material Material Dimensions Required for Brass Round ؼ” x 12” HP3. HP4. HP7. HP10. B12. BF25 Ø10mm x12” BF14. BF15. GB7. GB8. Ø12mm x 6” HP2. BF16. BF17. GB3. Gas Mixer. Brass CZ121 Ø⅝” x 6” ؾ” (19mm) x 4” B20BP x 4. B20BW x 4. Mounting Pads and Washers. Ø30 x 1” B16. Chimney Cap. Ø40 x 1” B14. Chimney Base. Brass Hexagon 10mm AF x 18” HP6. BF1.BF2 BF3. BF4. BF5. x 3. BF6 x 2. BF7 x 2. Brass CZ121 BF8. BF9. BF10. BF11. BF12. Fittings – Various. ½”AF x 6” BF13. Body. Brass Section ½” x 1” x 3” HP1. Pump Body. BF24 Superheater Header. ⅜” x ½” x 3” GB10. Ceramic Burner Mount. Brass CZ121 ⅛” X ½” x 12” HP8. Hand Pump Handle. 1/16” x ⅜” x 12” HP9 x 2. Hand Pump Links. Brass Sheet 16SWG 12” x 12” B13. B17. B18. B19. B20. GB1. GB4. GB9. Brass CZ 108 22SWG 12” x 2” B21 C106 Copper Tube –Solid Drawn - Unless Otherwise Stated Ø3” OD x 16SWG x 5” B1 Boiler Barrel. C106 Cu Tube Ø7/16”OD x 20SWG x 36” B3 x 6 Outer Firetubes. Ø5/16”OD x 20SWG x 48” B2 x 7 Inner Firetubes. C101 Copper Sheet C101 Cu Sheet 16SWG x 4” x12” B4. B5. Lower & Upper Tubeplates. PB102 Phosphor Bronze Ø⅛” x 18” B10 Stays. PB102 ؼ” x 6” B8. B9. Stay Nuts. Ø⅜ x 6” B6. B7. Bushes. Stainless Round – Grade 303 Ø3mm x 12” Scratch Stick for Silver Soldering. Ø4mm x 12” B20A x 4. Ø6mm x 12” HP11. HP12. HP13. BF20. BF21. BF22. BF23 x 2. Stainless 303 Ø8mm x 12” HP5. Ø12mm x 6” Double Ended Tube Flaring Drift. Ø⅝” x 6” Forming Rings for tube flaring. Stainless Hexagon – Grade 303 10AF x 6” BF18. BF 19. Banjo Bolts. Grade 303 Hex Aluminium Grade 6082 Ø19mm x 12” Mandrels Grade 1050 3mm x 6” x 12” Former Extraction Plates. Silver Steel (13” Lengths) Ø6 x One Hand Pump/Feed Clack “D” Valve Seat Bit. Silver Steel Ø10 x One Safety Valve “D” Bit

298 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 ME VERTICAL BOILER

Suggested suppliers – Polly Engineering Supplies. [email protected] 0115 9736700 Blackgates Engineering. www.blackgates.co.uk 01924 488888 DESCRIPTION Location No Off BS 006 ‘O’ Ring B30 Stop Valve Spindle 1 BS 008 ‘O’ Ring HP15. Pump Plunger. B29 x 2. Gauge Glass. 3 Ø5mm Gauge Glass B32. Water Level Gauge. 1 Ø5/32” Stainless Steel Ball HP14 x 2. Hand Pump. B28. Clack Valve. 3 Ø7/32” Stainless Steel Ball BF26. Safety Valve. 1 Ø3/16” x 24SWG Stainless Steel Spring BF27. Safety Valve. 1 Ø2” Ceramic Gas Burner Firebox (If not constructing burner as 1 described) No 8 Gas Jet Burner (Ceramic and Constructed) 1 ¼” x 32ME Nut and Cone for Ø5/32”pipe Water Feed. Steam Supply and Exhaust. 3 M2 x 6 or 8BA x ¼” Brass RH Screws Chimney to Smokebox Cap Securing Screws 6 M2.5 x 10 Stainless Steel Set Screw Banding Securing Screws 3 M3 x 6 Stainless Steel Set Screw HP16 x 2. B22 x 6. GB15 x 1. GB16 x 3. 12 M3 x 12 Stainless Steel Set Screw BF31. Clack Valve Limit Screw 1 M4 x 25 Stainless Steel Set Bolts GB 17. 2 C106 Copper Tube Supply Material Material Dimensions Required for Ø3” OD x 16SWG x 5” B1 Boiler Barrel. (Alternative Supply) Ø7/16” OD x 20SWG x 30” B3. Outer Firetubes x 6. (Alternative Supply) Ø5/16”OD x 20SWG x 36” B2. Inner Firetubes x 7. (Alternative Supply) C106 Cu Tube Ø1/4” x 22SWG x 12” Length BF24. Superheater. Ø5/32” x 22SWG x 48” Coil Pressure Gauge “U” Tube. Water x1. Steam x 2. Ø1/8” x 22SWG x 24” Coil Gas Cartridge Connection Pipe.

CuP Alloys www.cupalloys.co.uk 01246 566814 Silver Solder suppliers Ø0.7mm x 500mm Silver Solder Five rod 1 pack 455 Ø1.5mm x 500mm Silver Solder Five rod 1 pack 455 Silver Soldering various parts as required Ø1.5mm x 500mm Silver Solder Five rod 1 pack 438 EF Flux 250 gm pot 1 Cleaning Salts – Alternative to 10% Alternative to Sulphuric Acid Sulphuric acid solution

H.S.Walsh. www.hswalsh.com 01959 543660 Heat Resistant Millboard 275 x 200 x 6mm GB11. Display/Operating Base. 1 Ref - TA12

Clevedon Steam www.clevedonsteam.co.uk 01275 340048 Gas Can Valve for EN 417 Cartridge Alternative Gas Can Valve & End Fitting 1 End fi tting for Ø⅛” pipe 1 No 8 Gas Jet Alternative Gas jet supplier 1

Inoxia Ltd www.inoxia 02032 9990 Woven Stainless Steel Wire Mesh, 30 mesh GB5, GB6 Gas Burner. 1ea 30cm x 30cm

Amazon ebay www.paroh.co.uk Hurricane Backpack Stove Alternative Gas Can Valve Braided Flexible 1 Pipe & End Fitting www.model-engineer.co.uk 299 Young Members youngster’s efforts. They are Road Steam Dear Diane, I write as expected to provide transport Dear Diane, I’ve just been requested by Roger Curtis and to cover the cost of reading my copy of the 5th (Model Engineer 4578). bought-in materials. When January issue of the Model As is often the case, I am asked to accept a new Engineer magazine. The article the EYEs evolved rather Young Engineer, I emphasise that caught my eye is ‘Out and than were established, to the proud parents the About’, part 2 and in particular so our history and the commitment that they must the section concerning the relationship (or lack make before I even consider Fowler BB1 engine no. 14380 thereof) with our ‘parent’ the Young Person’s suitability. which was built in 1917 and is Club is not relevant to You will not be surprised that now Diesel powered. other Clubs, so I will most parents quietly vanish at The reason I found this so confi ne myself to how and this stage. Thus, the EYEs are fascinating is that my late why we exist and how we supported by a wonderful team grandfather who died just operate. of dedicated parents who all before Easter in 1976 and Since June 2017 the know each other well. would have been in either his Eastleigh Young Engineers Safety - we have a set of late 70s or early 80s used to have existed as a small rules that lay down a strict work for a farmer in Dunton independent Club and is pattern of behaviour - safety which is near Biggleswade in registered with SFMEC. glasses are always worn. Bedfordshire. The farmer had I am the ‘tutor’ to the 8 Machines are off when I leave two sets of ploughing engines, members - boys and girls the workshop. Disobedience is one set he used himself and who are aged between 11 not accepted and if it persists, the other set was on contract and 17. I am registered with the member will be expelled work for other farmers in the the DBS. If you have a clean from the club permanently. I area so my grandfather would criminal record, this is trivially encourage members to argue be away from home from early straightforward and should the toss with me but in the end Monday morning until noon deter no-one. I have always I always win when safety is on the Saturday ploughing for been a teacher but an odd involved. Some machines are other farmers. one. Most of my time has been not available to members until He did mention once that spent teaching postgraduate parents give clear permission one of the sets of ploughing Chemists in London and then - always after a prolonged engines had been converted Southampton i.e. I taught period before I am convinced! from steam to Diesel power. graduates working for the Members do not use the Unfortunately, I never actually research-based Doctorate - band saw, open disc sanders saw one of these engines so the PhD. As a result, I have and gas torches until they have converted. Seeing this picture always taught one-to-one and been with us for several years. of a conversion for the fi rst this continues. I have always I never let young engineers time was very interesting. My encouraged my students to handle spring steel and other grandfather did say that the be competitive and to grab shatterable materials. two Diesel engine ploughing Write to us any opportunity to tell the Finally, the parents are engines ended up in Kings Views and opinions expressed public how enthusiastic and involved in amending our Lynn in Norfolk of all places. in letters published in Postbag should not be assumed clever they are and this also Constitution and Safety Rules. Apparently, they were used to be in accordance with those of continues. This is why we need Over the years I have had no for dredging the river at Kings the Editor, other contributors, or some competition. The EYEs trouble but I have ‘lost’ three Lynn and because of their MyTimeMedia Ltd. Correspondence for Postbag carry conventional third party members - no, not because of height they were able to be left should be sent to: Insurance. (Cover should their discovery of the opposite on the river bank and as the Diane Carney, The Editor, be available within a Club’s sex but rather because in each tide came in the Diesel engines Model Engineer, MyTimeMedia Ltd, existing policies if the insurers case their parents fell down on were high enough not to be Suite 25S, Eden House, are informed of the existence the job and lacked the close drowned by the river water. Enterprise Way, Edenbridge, Kent, TN8 6HF of children.) We operate from support so essential to our Apparently, the dredge F. 01689 869 874 my personal workshop but a enterprise. bucket would have been pulled E. diane.carney@ club workshop is fi ne. Now the I strongly recommend that to and from each engine mytimemedia.com knotty problems… clubs think again. If members across the river in the same Publication is at the discretion of Clearly, I am at risk of being are prepared to put in their manner as the plough would the Editor. accused of some dastardly personal effort, the youngsters have been pulled across a fi eld The content of letters may be edited to suit the magazine style deed. I protect myself from will respond if their parents will between each engine. and space available. this rather as I did in the support them. I think that the engines Correspondents should note that production schedules normally Universities in which I taught. Remember - none of us are were Fowlers but I am not involve a minimum lead time of six My doors are always open. baby sitters. sure. I often wondered what weeks for material submitted for Parents are expected to I hope these thoughts are of happened to them when their publication. In the interests of security, breeze in and out at will and value. days of dredging the river at correspondents’ details are completely uninvited while Kings Lynn were over. It would not published unless specifi c their children are in my care. Patrick Hendra be amazing if this engine instructions to do so are given. Responses to published letters Parents are expected to be ‘Tutor’ to the Eastleigh Young shown in photos 17, 18 and 19 are forwarded as appropriate. 110% supportive of their Engineers was one of the ones that my

300 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 POSTBAG

grandfather used at one time, locomotive to be tested against USA. The latest update in the approximately 45mm in length certainly before WW2. a standard LBSC design saga of this restoration can and have a ¼” hexagonal I also remember that he with Beech Hurst tentatively be found at https://www. shank to fi t into the ¼” hex said that they could also have selected as the test circuit. up.com/aboutup/community/ drive screwdriver handle. The been used during WW2 to After several months inside_track/steam- diameter of one of the bits is help build the two mile-long LBSC then withdrew the update-08-25-2017.htm ⅛” (0.125”) and the other one runways at what used to be challenge and I thought the The restoration of No. 4014 is approximately 3.5mm. The RAF Bassingbourn airfi eld Harris comments about the might make an interesting tools are made from a chrome near Royston in Hertfordshire. withdrawal rather muted article, or series of articles, vanadium alloy. These runways had to be despite the opportunity for a for ME. I’m sure the restorers I don’t know if they are still that long to allow fully laden long tirade against a long term would appreciate the publicity available but it may be worth American B17 Flying Fortress rival and I also now wonder if as well. while if there is a large branch bombers to get off safely. they ever met? While Big Boy No. 4014 is not of Halfords in Milton Keynes Bassingbourn is no longer At the time, not being ‘into’ exactly in exhibition condition for Roger to ask in there if it’s an airfi eld but is still in use as locomotives, I didn′t understand at the moment, another UP Big at all possible for them to get an army base. The bombers the argument then and still Boy, No. 4012, is currently on him one. Most good quality used to cross what was the don′t. Having a marine steam static display at the Steamtown screwdrivers and indeed old Great North Road and be background and trying to be National Historic Site located at socket sets and spanners parked up amongst the trees impartial I did look at some Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA. these days appear to be made for protection. of the other contributions by Steamtown is a large historic from this chrome vanadium I can remember during the LBSC and Harris. Although site and run by the US National alloy so how it should be heat summer if we were going Harris could sometimes Park Service. It is well worth a treated I do not know. to Royston parking up and resort to what I thought was visit for anyone interested in I know for instance that watching the Canberra aircraft rather an arrogant style, his the history of full size steam if you are using a straight coming in as they were used articles all seemed consistent railroading in the US. carbon steel like silver steel for for training there. You knew with established technical Lastly, I don’t, at present, instance which has a carbon when one was coming in and engineering principles. recall the exact source of this content of 0.87% it is possible as there were traffi c lights Again, stressing that I am not bit of trivia but I have read that to soften and re-harden and controlling the road from the a locomotive fan, my money from the time of the delivery temper such a steel by heating control tower as they came in would have been on Harris. of the fi rst Big Boy to the UP in it to a bright red heat and very low, low enough in fact With various model 1941 until the mid-1960’s the cooling very slowly to soften, to have knocked any vehicle locomotive trials that still Big Boy held the record as the and to harden by again heating over if they were in the way, remain popular what is never largest, land-mobile, structure to bright red and quenching although I suppose that the made clear is whether these ever built by humanity. The (preferably) in oil rather than road was visible from the are to the original Lawrence Big Boy lost that title in the plain water and then cleaning control tower and an aircraft designs or incorporate the mid-1960’s with the advent and tempering in a soft fl ame would be given the all clear to Harris improvements; if the of the moon-rocket carrier/ and watching the colours run. do its fi nal approach after it latter then this should be crawler at Cape Canaveral, What the softening and was visually confi rmed that the clearly stated. USA that carried the Saturn V re-hardening and tempering road was clear to do so. Half a century after the moon rocket from the Vertical process for chrome vanadium apparently still unresolved Assembly Building to the alloy is I do not know. It would Yours sincerely, argument could a locomotive launchpad. probably crack if quenched in J. E. Kirby (London) inclined reader submit an plain water so would probably article that would lay this long- Sincerely, be best to quench in oil rather lasting ghost fi nally to rest? John Hannum than water. Not being a LBSC and K. N. Harris metallurgist I could not advise Dear Diane, When I began Best Regards on softening and hardening my subscription to the ME James Wells Tri-Wing Screwdrivers and tempering of a chrome in the 1960s it was at a time Dear Diane, Roger Castle- vanadium alloy. of considerable furore about Smith’s letter in the 8th Like most of our readers I model locomotive design, Big Boy December issue of the Model have collected a variety of metal specifi cally valving. Dear Diane, I just fi nished Engineer magazine reminded working tools and measuring Despite the series of LBSC reading the article in Model me that I bought a 28 piece tools since I left school at designed locomotives, the then Engineer 4574 about the 1.5” kit from, I believe, Maplins the age of 15 and went into Editor admitted that there had scale model of the Union or it might have been a large engineering. This also includes long been complaints about Pacifi c (UP) Big Boy now on branch of Halford’s. socket sets and spanners etc. the LBSC designs. At least one display at the Rahmi M. Koç This kit was made by a fi rm for working on cars and I still article by KN Harris showed a museum in Istanbul. called ‘Rolston’. Maplins sell buy the occasional tools at the desirable improvement to the In that article, fi gure 5 shows quite a lot of tools made by age of 70. You can never have original design. a picture of full-size Big Boy this company and I believe this too many tools in your tool LBSC/Lawrence eventually No. 4014. It may interest set of bits and handle etc. was collection as there will always issued a challenge to Harris readers of ME to know that made for repairing/servicing be an item that comes in handy to produce an improved Big Boy No. 4014 is now being things like car radio cassette one day. locomotive design. Harris re-furbished and restored to players and other such items. accepted the challenge and running order at the UP Steam In this kit there are two Yours sincerely, began designing and building a Shop in Cheyenne, Wyoming, tri-wing driver bits, both are J. E. Kirby (London) www.model-engineer.co.uk 301 Machinery Under a Norfolk Sky There comes a time when, if some-things are not 1 Growing up preserved in a more robust with steam form, they fade and are by Barrie known no more. Such are Bushell. recollections of days gone by. The following are the words of my great friend Barrie Bushell who had the privilege of growing up in Great Snoring in North Norfolk in the 30’s and 40’s as part of a family of engineers heavily focused on farming. Sinking a well.

he pleasant glow of owned the engine that came inside the rear wheels of the nostalgia that traction to grief at the bottom of engines was regarded as quite Tengines bring to many Sedgeford hill, after the driver a bonus as the rotation of the of us is far removed from had taken it out of gear on the wheels formed beautifully the reality of their everyday incline. Probably the biggest round mud balls. Some employment. My family’s mistake you can make on a would be formed of clay and I business of George Bushell traction engine. The boiler remember getting my mother and Sons took in an area burst killing either the driver to bake them in the oven to from Morston in the east to or the steerer - one of them use as oversized marbles. Congham in the west with managed to jump off. Sunday afternoons were the north limit established by You may imagine that always taken up by visiting the sea at Wells and to the moving around our patch at the various engines wherever south by Castle Acre - an area 5 miles an hour took much they currently were to get fires of approximately 500 square time and expense. Water was lit and banked up so that work miles. always a big headache with could start with steam up At peak, there were four diversions often having to first thing Monday morning. Bushells in the threshing be made to ensure supplies The driver and feeder were business. William Bushell especially in the dry summer required to have the drums set of Great Snoring was months. Water quality would with flare boards down and grandfather’s elder brother leave a lot to be desired the thatch off the stack ready and, being the oldest son, especially if there were a to start by 7am. I remember inherited everything from his lot of ducks on the pond frosty December mornings father so the other son my and of course this would during my school holidays grandfather had to start from greatly increase the time and helping to pull the ‘broarches’ scratch. The remaining two frequency of mudding out. (thatching pegs) out in order to outfits were Harry Bushell, Rain in the wet months would get the thatch off with the rats who was my fathers’ cousin bring its own problems. On running over my feet. and one of his best friends, soft ground they would say, Photograph 1, showing three and Harry’s brother Joseph ‘You’ll have to run on wood or engines with shear legs next to who was at Ringstead. Harry she’ll ‘slade’ on the tank’, the them, was taken at Wells-next- operated out of Thursford water tank being the lowest the-Sea. They were sinking a and his workshop still exists. point of a traction engine. For new well to increase the water Joseph Bushell incidentally, us boys however mud getting supply. The contractors were

302 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 HISTORY

2 3

Threshing with a 9.5 ton Garrett. The author’s great great grandfather Jonas Bushell.

George Bushell and Sons of price was because it was used When eventually the stack different kinds of agricultural Great Snoring (Hubert and on a saw bench with wood became lower than the drum equipment. I would say the Elvin being the sons), my used as fuel – that meant new Alf would let a heap build up most signifi cant of the lot was father being Hubert William fi re bars had to be supplied. I on the fl are board paying back the double dresser drum. This Bushell. They were required to remember my father getting in kind by creating the extra embodied patent number 917 remove water whilst the well it ready for sale and saying to work of having to pitch higher! which they took out in April was being sunk. To enable me “They are not going to have One of the earliest 1860, which describes a corn them to do this a steam driven the whistle”. He removed it and photographs I have is of my dresser. Adding the principle pump was required, steam blanked off the steam chest. great-great grandfather Jonas of this patent to the then being the most portable power The whistle was subsequently Bushell posing on what must existing single dresser drum in this situation. The steam mounted on a piece of oak and be a new engine (photo 3). I produced the double dresser. chest on the engine was now hangs over my fi replace. recognize the location by the I remember my grandfather tapped to supply steam to the Our other four engines gate, which still existed when I telling me how he as a small pump and it is apparent that went for four ‘white fi vers’: was a boy. It was made in the boy, wearing a sailor suit, two engines were required for a Marshall, a MacLaren (the style of cast iron. I remember accompanied his father to the an adequate supply of steam. fastest one at 7½ miles an picking at it with a penknife, All England Show at Lincoln. The third engine would have hour), a Ransome and another as small boys do, as the wood There, amongst the other been a standby, to be ready to Garrett. The photograph was rotten. On the top of the major drum manufacturers, fi re up when one of the others of the Garrett has father photograph you can just make they demonstrated their new had to be withdrawn from on the engine and Alf Tuck out St Mary’s Church, Great double dresser, producing the service in order to ‘mud out’ feeding the drum. Mr Tuck Snoring. same amount of dressed corn and clean the boiler tubes or in lived in Wells, always wore a As far as I can establish, as the others were producing case of a breakdown. The date cheese cutter cap and had a a Bushell arrived in Great undressed corn. At least one of of the work could be fi xed from marvelous walrus moustache. Snoring in the 1740’s and these drums eventually went the date of construction of the I remember him feeding when seemed to be in some kind as far as Czarist Russia. water tower, which I believe he was getting on in years and of engineering – whether Photograph 4 shows my has now been demolished. The some of the younger element, as just a scissor grinder or grandfather in about 1922 man on the engine was my when the corn stack was something more sophisticated posing on a new ‘turnout’. father. I am of the opinion that still above the drum, would I don’t know. In any case the Marshalls had supplied the it would be in the period May bombard him with ‘shoofs’. line went on to produce many engine at £510 and the drum to June after the threshing season was over and the before the next harvest season 4 had started. At the time they had fi ve engines and would ill afford to have three of them tied up in one job in the busy part of the year. Photograph 2 shows threshing in progress. It is of a 9.5 ton Garrett and out of the fi ve engines we owned this is the only one that survives. I believe it now has a canopy and was at one time in the High Wycombe area. It was sold for £50. This exorbitant The author’s grandfather in 1922. >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 303 As eventually the engines These travelling ‘troshers’, 5 were scrapped, they had as they were known in Norfolk, to be replaced by tractors. did far more than threshing. I remember a new Field We carried out chaff cutting, Marshall coming home. Being especially oat straw for bullock a Mk2 this had a set of forks fodder, a mobile mill to take and a winch. The total cost to different farms produced was £815. To give a sense of Barley meal for pigs and value I know of a couple of crushed oats for horses and cottages with large gardens we possessed portable and that were sold at a similar time fixed saw benches for cutting for £400. up trees. The photograph of the We also ran stationary Fordson and horse binder bailers. The bails were bound (photo 5) is of my father with wire and produced 22 Hubert who, after leaving to the ton for straw. These The author’s father Hubert driving a Fordson tractor. school, was sent to work at machines when working were George Baxter’s of Fakenham quite a sight with the ‘old was made at Rustons to which a horse could be used to to get an insight into man’s head’ feeding the straw granddad’s specification, ie generate a rotative motion in engineering. The tractors into the bailing chamber and longer ‘shakers’. It also shows a shaft and has been used in came over from the United you could hear the drum going a Bushell pitcher. Amongst various guises from antiquity. States and were assembled in backwards and forwards. As other things Grandfather was Construction always required Fakenham where the steam a boy, if you ate your food too bandmaster at Fakenham a trip out in the pony and trap laundry now stands. The quickly, you would be accused and as a young man had in order to survey the proposed photograph of father would be of having a mouth like a Fisher won the top award at Crystal set up. In this way we were on a customer’s farm teaching Humphries (a make of bailer). Palace playing his cornet. able to get the correct shaft the farm workers how to drive We also carried out My brother’s son still has his length and gearing for the and manage a tractor. This ploughing, cultivating and silver mouthpiece. You will particular horse which was to was a massive change to binding. Our binders as far notice in the photograph that be used. people who had up to this time as I can remember were all the elevator returned under As a youngster, in the only been used to horses. He modern, as they were power the pitcher trough where threshing season, I used to told me of one incident where driven as opposed to land most of the pitchers returned go as what was called third one ‘old boy’ was driving into a wheel driven. An incident above the elevator. Both these man - fetching and carrying pit hole shouting “Woa” to the during the war whilst binding photographs were taken on and on occasions driving the tractor. some rye in Holkham Park Tom Coe’s farm at Wells- car (I could just reach the Photograph 6 is of a Crawler remains with me. They had next-the-Sea. The man in the pedals!), wedging the drum tractor which was, I believe, an ash wood connecting large hat used to be the Wells wheels when winching up built by Ransomes of Ipswich rod to the knives to act as a policeman but after frequently inclines and sacking chaff and to pull guns about on the safety device and this broke being found drunk had to find caulder. The last they called Somme. Father (third from the when the knives suddenly other employment. a fanny man’s job (only fit for right) used it for ploughing jammed. As I was working In a conversation I had with women). Oh dear, what would and the photograph was taken the binder it was my job to the late Mr George Cushing of womens lib. say today? It at Melton Constable Park. To find the cause. It transpired Thursford, reminiscing about was, however, a dirty job. You carry out a day’s work it would that a target cable jettisoned former times, he suggested could be enclosed between the consume 60 gallons of petrol. by the local RAF had tangled that Great Snoring could stack and the drum, which was have become another Lincoln awkward if the wind was in but – alas - people who make the wrong direction, and have 6 things are not necessarily to drag the chaff filled bags good entrepreneurs. Today it some distance. We generally would be inconceivable that used old sugar beet pulp sacks a small Norfolk village could for chaff etc. Barley harns produce such a diverse range were the most uncomfortable of agricultural machinery. They especially down your neck but possessed their own saw pit, you had to work harder with did their own brass founding wheat flights as they were and with iron foundries two bulkier than barley harns. miles north at Walsingham During the war there was an and three miles south at adequate supply of anti-gas Rybrugh coupled with the goggles courtesy of the home local wheelwright Mr Howlett guard but we wore no masks – in the village the capability to you just coughed up the dust produce nearly anything was with the help of a Woodbine. at hand. One product that was As for fire risks, it was in great demand was ‘horse common practice to smoke works’. This was a system by even on the straw stack. A crawler tractor, probably built by Ransome’s.

304 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 HISTORY

the knives. The target aircraft had released this and we had 7 the consequences. Walking through the rye we wound up the cable and packed the target into a bundle. On our way home to Great Snoring we dropped it off at the guard room at Egmere airfi eld. Rats were a fact of life on farms. The most rats in one stack I remember were at Holkham Park. The fi eld had a disused bullock yard and at the end of the day we counted up and laid out 443 rats and 7 weasels. Alas, many of the rest escaped. It was a two- year old wheat stack and most of the corn had already been consumed. One of the old men, I will not mention his name even though I remember Barrie Bushell with some examples of his work. it, took great delight in picking up a live rat and biting the pleases me to think that I am that last two countries giving systems. Later life, after leaving back of it’s neck to ‘put him carrying on the tradition some him an enduring sympathy for Avery, found him in charge of the to sleep’ as he put it. He 300 years later. the poorer people of the world. refueling systems at Mildenhall obviously had a very well Returning to the UK he found Airbase. He has been a lifelong developed immune system as After leaving school Barrie work at Marshalls of Cambridge model engineer recruiting at he lived to a ripe old age. like many did National Service (now Marshalls Aerospace) least two of us including me You could always tell when (RAF) and after basic training working as an airframe fi tter to the hobby and some of his you were in ‘engine’ country managed to wangle his way into rising to run the nightshift at prodigious output can be seen as all the old boiler tubes were airframe work, bizarrely thanks the tender age of 23. Eventually in the penultimate photo (photo seen as a valuable resource to to a shared interest in pigs with pastures new called and Barrie 7) with the fi nal one (photo reappear as posts for chicken the interviewing offi cer. He spent became a fi eld service engineer 8) showing him with the last runs etc. I remember on VE day some time in the Middle East, with Avery Hardall involved with existing Bushell Drum. getting a couple and planting mainly Malta, Egypt and Libya, fuel metering and distribution Martin Kyte ME them in the ground at an angle to make a V. Using bailing wire I attached cocoa and treacle 8 tins at 12 inch intervals, fi lling the cans with old sacking soaked in diesel which I had drained from the Bulldog (Lanz) tractor. At nightfall, my fl aming V was a wonderful sight especially after years of blackout. Father did ask me where I got the diesel and as they did not have to bleed the Bulldog the theft was never discovered. One of my hobbies, as well as making traction engines, is making clocks and my grandfather told me that one of our ancestors was involved in making the hands for Big Ben and that, going back further, they were clockmakers. Doing some research, I found an Edward Bushell 1687, a Mathew Bushell 1740, another Mathew Bushell 1750 and a Samuel Bushell 1690 who were recognized clockmakers. It Barrie Bushell and the last existing Bushell Drum. www.model-engineer.co.uk 305 Garrett 4CD TractorPART 40

Chris Gunn in 6 inch scale begins the manufacture of the ith most of the bigger governor. parts completed, I Wturned my attention to some of the smaller parts. I Continued from p.179 began with the governor. M.E. 4578, 19 January 2018 There are no castings for any part of this assembly so everything was made from This article has been written bar stock. I had noted that a to guide the builder through fellow 4CD builder had used the construction of the 6 inch aluminium for the pulleys so I scale Garrett 4CD tractor had a look to see what I had. designed by Chris d’Alquen. Some time ago I did a little job for a local company and I was The writer has previously given the opportunity to have a built a 4 inch scale Garrett rummage through their scrap and a 6 inch scale Foden bin, full of aluminium offcuts, wagon so has the benefit of and filled my boots but it was considerable experience in flat and square sections and larger scale modelling. Most no rounds. However, I found a couple of short pieces of machining can be done in square that were big enough the average home workshop to make the pulleys from so, but the supplier from whom rather than buy some round pulley than the design shown while the rest of the turning the castings and drawings blanks, I elected to use these. on the drawing, which was an could take place. The short are currently available is I put the self-centering 4-jaw added benefit. boss was turned using the chuck on the Bantam and set The blank for the larger pulley radius tool as shown in photo able to provide a machining to work on the largest pulley. was faced and bored. I brought 353. The belt groove was then service for the largest items Photograph 352 shows the the blank to the 3¾ inch turned and the pulley parted if required. initial roughing out of the blank. outside diameter and then I cut off using the rear toolpost, as The drawing shows the the groove for the belt with a shown in photo 354. larger pulley with a 2½ inch parting tool. Lastly, I turned the I put the 3-jaw chuck on, long boss just ¾ inch diameter, recess in the face of the pulley with the soft jaws, then which did not seem sensible using my radius tool, then set bored the jaws. I held each to me, so I decided to extend the pulley aside for a while and of the pulleys in the jaws the drive shaft support tube chucked the square for the and faced off the back. The by 2 inches and reduce the smaller pulley. This piece was a corners of the flanges on the boss on the large pulley by the bit longer so it was faced, then pulleys were also rounded to same amount. This would put drilled and reamed and then prevent damage to the belt in the bearing much closer to the supported with a live centre operation. I drilled and tapped an M5 hole through the middle of each pulley to secure it to 352 353 the drive spindle. The spindle was a simple turning job but I left it overlong as I could see I might have to trim the spindle a little to get everything into alignment. The same applied to the spindle tube, which was turned from a piece of ¾ inch diameter steel bar and drilled into from 15 each end with a ⁄32 inch drill. Turning the governor pulleys. Turning the boss on the smaller governor pulley. The ends were reamed ½

306 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 GARRETT 4CD TRACTOR

inch diameter for the bronze bushes. I did not make a 354 355 long bush, as shown on the drawing, and neither did I fi t bronze bushes as I found a couple of oilite bushes in my miscellaneous bushes bin the right size, so I used those. The left-hand trunk guide pad was already drilled and tapped for the mounting plate so that was a matter of drilling clearance holes in a piece of Parting off a governor pulley. Governor countershaft parts. plate. I left all the pieces of this subassembly loose, at the moment, until I had made and 356 357 fi tted the governor.Photograph 355 shows the parts making up the assembly. When I offered these up to the engine, I found there was a confl ict between the drive assembly and the lubricator hole for the valve guide. As drawn, the shaft would pass right over the top of the hole, which was in a cast boss Governor drive spindle. Turning the governor bracket. on the trunk guide. I could not move the lubricator hole so I turned the body a thou the casting could be removed were thrown in the scrap bin. but I could move the pad, or so under this. I also turned from the chuck. I used to keep a close eye on so to speak, so I made a the register and faced off the I can hear some of you the scrap bin and was able sub plate that fi tted to the back of the body. The next asking where all these old plug to rescue some of these, as existing holes in the trunk step was to bore the body for gauges came from that I have they were good enough for my guide pad and stepped the the governor valve but I was mentioned from time to time modelling activities. I have had mounting holes for the spindle reluctant to do this without and I can tell you that they these for almost 50 years and forward suffi cient to clear the any extra support. There was came from the company where they still come in handy. Many lubricator. Photograph 356 a long overhang but there I did my apprenticeship. With of the tools I am using today shows the spindle assembled, was just room to put the fi xed a machine shop employing are stamped or etched with my after the governor had been steady on the body and then I 300, the tool room held all the check number 396, which was fi nished. was happy to bore the body to tooling and gauges we would what all the apprentices did The governor was the next 1 inch for the governor valve. I use and we all had a check/ to identify their kit. We were item to tackle and the starting bored this rather than reamed clocking in number. Mine was encouraged to buy the best kit point had to be the main body it, as my old 1 inch reamer number 396, and we were by the foreman and there was of the governor - a bronze would be bound to seize up supplied with six brass tool an arrangement with a local casting. Once I had turned in the bore, being bronze. checks, and would draw out ironmonger who stocked a the bottom of the body then Sharp tools are essential when the tools and gauges needed comprehensive range of British all the rest of the machining machining bronze to avoid for the job in hand against and American made quality could follow from there. I was digging in and, in the case our checks. When the job tools; if we showed our tool able to chuck the body from of reamers, seizing, which I was fi nished the tools were checks we got a discount on the top end so I carefully faced suppose is also digging in. returned, and we got our our purchases. the end and then just tickled The hole for the valve is not checks back so we could draw I also bought spanners from a little bit out of the bore to bored right through the middle out the kit for the next job. the catalogues that used to clean it up. I could then bring section; there is a tapped hole The tool room would pass through every household up a live centre and get down which carries the centre gland then sharpen the tooling back then and bought 4 sets to some heavier cuts. I turned for the governor spindle, so as required and the gauges of Britool spanners as well the outside diameter of the I had to use my boring tool would be checked. There was as a Britool socket set for a body, and faced the back of the to face off the inside of the a signifi cant population of shilling a week on the pound. square base of the governor body, then I could drill and plug gauges, as ten or twenty I am proud to say I still have body. Photograph 357 shows tap the hole for the gland. machinists could be using these sets all complete, still this in progress. Then I was able to bore the 1 a 1 inch plug gauge at any almost as good as new. This The block had already been inch hole, and square off the given moment. These would is despite taking these all over bored and recessed for the inside of the valve bore. The be used many times in the the country in my tool kit; I have governor body so I was able boring operation is shown in course of a day so they would never lost a spanner or a socket to check this with an old plug photo 358. Once the bore was wear. The plug gauges were in 56 years. gauge and it was within a machined, and checked with checked from time to time and Those were the days. The gnat’s crotchet of 1¼ inches another old plug gauge, then those deemed to have worn old saying that if you buy >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 307 quality tools they will last you a lifetime is true as far as I 358 359 can tell. Back to business. The casting was reversed in the chuck and the other end of the governor casting was faced, drilled and tapped for the spindle tube. The drawing calls for the hole to be tapped ½ inch UNF but I did not have UNF taps and dies so I used ½ inch BSB instead. Photograph 359 shows drilling under way. Boring the governor bracket. Drilling the governor bracket. Once the turning was completed the various bosses had to be machined and 360 361 drilled. In order to do this I held the casting in the chuck on my spin indexer, which in turn is bolted to my rotary table. I then set the spin indexer on one of the 90 degree settings, held a dial gauge in the spindle chuck, and set the body of the governor casting square with the table by turning the table. When it was right, the rotary table was locked up Milling the governor bracket. Clocking the horizontal spindle. and all the faces and bosses could be machined by spinning the indexer mounted chuck 362 363 around 90 degrees and back again, and all holes and faces would be square to each other. Photograph 360 shows one of the more difficult bosses being machined. In order to drill the various holes required, I elected to fit the horizontal spindle to the Bridgeport, leave the casting in the spin indexer and manipulate the casting as required to drill the holes. The Milling the governor bracket. Centering the governor bracket. drilling would be easy to see in this orientation. The other way to do it would be to fit the spin 364 365 indexer, or hold the casting in a dividing head, and bring the various faces under the vertical spindle. The horizontal attachment was fitted to the quill of the Bridgeport, and then the horizontal spindle was clocked to get it parallel to the bed, as can be seen in photo 361. Once the spindle was set square the clamp screws were Reaming the governor bracket. Drilling the governor bracket. tightened, and the quill clamp applied. I then milled the but, as I was going to feed the Once the base was milled one of the holes being reamed, base of the casting so I had a work by hand, I decided to risk square and true, drilling could and photo 365 shows the reference should I need it at it. I would soon see the cutter begin. Photograph 363 shows holes for the spring tensioner a later stage. I do not usually slipping and be able to stop. one of the bosses being centre shaft being drilled with a long hold an end mill in a drill chuck This is shown in photo 362. drilled. Photograph 364 shows series drill. lTo be continued.

308 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 A Visit to the Romney, Hythe & Dymchurch Railway

1 Rhys Owen explores behind the scenes.

Green Goddess on the coal road.

n spring 2016 I visited the line machines than typical that the actual volume of Romney, Hythe & Dymchurch narrow gauge locomotives. The the locomotive is some 2.37 IRailway (RHDR) which is signalling is also impressive (43÷33) times greater that located on the Kent coast as are the extensive stretches it would have been had the not far from Folkestone. This of double track. This is serious locomotive been to one-quarter railway was the brainchild of railroading - there is nothing scale. The original A1 Pacifics two racing drivers, Captain trivial about a RHDR train, had an engine-only mass of C.P.E. Howey and Count Louis sometimes carrying over a some 92 tons increased on Zborowski, who decided to hundred passengers, punting rebuilding to A3 to 96 tons. build a ‘main line in miniature’ along at some 25 miles an The mass of a one-third scale along the coast. Count hour. The RHDR uses the version of these machine Zborowski was killed in a vacuum brake and is subject to would thus be, dividing by 27 racing car crash but Captain the same regulations as other (33), around 3.5 tons. However, Howey persevered and the UK railways. owing to the fact that you railway opened in 1927, Although the gauge is cannot scale nature, the being extended in 1928 to slightly more than one quarter original RHDR locomotives Dungeness. of Standard Gauge the actually have a mass of just The gauge of the railway is locomotives are in fact over- over five tons. One reason for 15 inches (381mm although scale. The original passenger the disparity is locomotive one source alleges that it is locomotives were effectively frames that are ‘over-scale’ at 15⅛ inches which is 384mm). two-cylinder, one-third scale a width of ⅝ inch. Notwithstanding its gauge, the versions of what was then I arrived at New Romney, the RHDR has the atmosphere of the A1 class of the London engineering headquarters of a main line railway with long North Eastern Railway but the railway, in time to see No. trains of coaches gliding in and which became, following 1 Green Goddess being coaled out of New Romney behind upgrading, the A3 class. The (photo 1). This locomotive is locomotives, both steam and use of one-third scale rather one of the original three Pacific diesel, that look more like main than one-quarter scale means (4-6-2) locomotives designed >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 309 by Henry Greenly in 1924 and delivered in 1925-6. These 2 3 locomotives were carefully designed to have robust frames and large bearing surfaces, the long-travel giving a free-running engine. Clupet rings were fitted to the valve heads giving a notably steam-tight valve. It seems that the name Clupet derives from the Clews- Petersen Piston Ring and Engineering Company, Ltd, the New Romney workshop - traces of line shafting. New Romney - vertical milling machine. original manufacturers, and these rings were later (and may still be) manufactured by 4 5 the Clupet Piston Ring & Gauge Company of Maryport. I was lucky enough to encounter Mr Ian Dawson, a member of the RHDR’s mechanical staff, who very kindly showed me around the workshops. Although traces of the original line shafting remain (photo 2), the works’ machine New Romney - superheater elements stored ready for use. German slab frames of Black Prince. shop is now well-equipped with electrically-powered machine the early 1950s and has led to included rebuilding the boiler The Bug. This locomotive was tools, including the vertical considerable savings in coal with a standard RHDR firebox built by Krauss of Munich milling machine shown in and water. with larger grate area and in 1926, being to a standard photo 3. The machine shop In the running shed the with a superheater rather design modified for use on the undertakes wheel re-profiling locomotives were covered than the original smokebox 15 inch gauge. Used during and the reconditioning of in dust sheets. The first steam dryer. This improved the line’s construction, it was most steam locomotive locomotive I saw was No. performance although the later sold. After a chequered components. 11 Black Prince which is one engine remains non-standard. history, it was rescued from a A look at the stores brought of three Pacific locomotives The frames of No. 11 are even scrapyard in 1972, being later home the ‘main-line’ nature of built by Krupp of Essen for more robust than those of the brought back to the RHDR the railway’s operations, with an exhibition railway in 1937. original engines, being slab and restored. This locomotive superheater elements held on Acquired by the RHDR in 1976, frames machined from 50mm is fitted with outside racks ready for installation this machine had been little steel plate (photo 5). Also Stephenson’s link motion (photo 4). Although normal used but, until modification substantial are No. 11’s motion (photo 7). running includes a number by the RHDR, was ill-suited bracket and cylinders (photo 6). Both of the line’s 4-8-2 of stops, superheating was for the sustained work of the The other German locomotives were being adopted progressively from RHDR. The modifications locomotive on the railway is overhauled at the time of my

6 7

Black Prince motion bracket and cylinders. The Bug outside Stephenson motion.

310 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 OUT AND ABOUT

8 9

Hercules frames. Hercules frames showing vacuum cylinders. visit. However, I managed but, following problems, to take a photograph of the was rebuilt in 1937 with two 10 frames of No. 5 Hercules with cylinders. I returned behind No. the boiler removed (photo 8). 12 J B Snell, one of the RHDR’s Another photograph (photo two Bo-Bo diesel-mechanical 9) shows the vacuum brake locomotives (photo 13). This cylinders mounted between locomotive dates from 1983 the frames. and the next photograph Mr Dawson used a Simplex shows the interior of the cab diesel-mechanical locomotive (photo 14). (photo 10) to move No. 10 All in all, a good day out Dr Syn, a Pacifi c built in 1931 made all the more interesting in the style of the Canadian thanks to Mr Dawson’s Pacifi c Railway, onto a deep pit. showing me behind the Here he used a crowbar under scenes! ME Simplex tractor ready to move Dr Syn. the wheels to judge which axles were too lightly loaded before adjusting the tension 11 12 in the various springs (photo 11) to ensure the weight was properly distributed. Another photograph (photo 12) shows the springing and weight- bearing arrangements of this locomotive’s trailing truck. Time permitted me a short ride to St Mary’s Bay behind Pacifi c No. 8 Hurricane. This Pacifi c was delivered in 1927 as a three-cylinder machine Mr Dawson in the pit ready to adjust spring settings. Dr Syn rear truck and weight bearing arrangement.

13 14

J B Snell at New Romney. J B Snell controls. www.model-engineer.co.uk 311 Lathes and morePART 7 for Beginners

crew threads are very its length so that at first only a common in our game. progressive amount of thread 20 Graham SThey can be produced is cut rather than the full Sadler on the lathe itself with a single depth at one go. The second discusses point tool which has been has perhaps three threads at taps and ground to a precise shape a steeper taper and the plug and moved at an exact speed has only a minimal chamfer dies and introduces us to along the bed by the lead on the end. It is mainly used the cutting of threads. screw. This is the long screw for cutting threads into blind under the front shear of the holes i.e. threaded to the bed which will be geared to bottom (photo 20). Continued from p.246 the spindle but we are a long As can be seen, you can't M.E. 4579, 2 February 2018 way from this process at this just get one of each size, you time. More simply, they can be need a minimum of two. For cut with special cutting tools. the small sizes up to 6mm These are called Dies for male diameter, many of which will A set of three taps. threads and Taps for female be used on blind holes, get a threads. second and a plug and for the There will be more on this The taps and dies are made larger sizes, taper and plug, subject when we consider from hardened steel, usually although it is really best to get screwcutting with the lathe. HCS high carbon steel or the full set of three. You will also need a good HSS high speed steel, which To tap a hole we need to range of model engineering will be more expensive but drill a hole which is smaller special threads which tend to cut far better and last a lot than the tap so there is metal have much finer pitches than longer. You will eventually to cut away to form the larger the Metric Coarse series. Most have quite a large collection diameter thread and this is of these are imperial sizes and of these tools and they have called the tapping size. The they are: to be in matched sets for size of this hole is important BA, British Association - these diameter of thread and pitch and is calculated to give a are sets numbered from 0 to (distance between each point thread engagement which 10BA (they do go higher but of the thread or number of is 60-80% of the total depth we will ignore these for now teeth per inch of length, TPI). of the thread. Less than this as they are extremely delicate They are sized in relation will give a slack, weak thread and expensive). This is a to the diameter of the male while more could lead to tap strange metric based thread part. This time we will look breakage while cutting the but very important for us and at tapping holes and making thread. So, for example, an common sizes are 2,4,5,6,7,8 some kit to make this process M6 thread (metric coarse, and 10BA. easier. 6mm diameter) has a pitch of BSB - British Standard Brass Taps have three or 1mm and the tapping size is of 26TPI (teeth per inch) also sometimes four flutes - 5mm. As a rough guide, if the known as a cycle thread. grooves along their length pitch is subtracted from the ME 32 TPI (Model Engineering). which form the cutting edge diameter one ends up with ME 40 TPI. and provide space for the the tapping size. This may The last three are commonly swarf. seem to contradict the 60-80% used for steam fittings and They come in sets of rule given above but this is in other situations where a three, the Taper tap or First, catered for by the geometric strong fine thread is required. the Second or Intermediate form of the threads, which A fine thread has better (obvious) and the third tap are not a perfect ‘V’ form but locking resistance than a commonly called the Plug or have rounded or square crests coarse thread. Bottoming tap. The taper tap and roots which reduce the Metric Fine series have finer is tapered for about ¼ to ⅓ of percentage of thread depth. threads but the problem with

312 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 WORKSHOP

have to cut them off by the angle but, worse, it can lead to you will snap it”. Five seconds 21 simple process of rotating the a broken tap which is almost later he said “Told you!”. I still tap forward (clockwise) for impossible (or very diffi cult) have the scribe but now it’s a perhaps ½ to ¾ of a turn then to remove often resulting in a tiny chisel useful for working rotating it back half a turn. scrapped work piece. on cleaning small castings. As you gain experience, it There have been some For the lathe, we need is easy to feel when the tap fi ne examples of tools for something to hold the tap is distressed; it will go stiff guiding taps. An Internet or with. A drill chuck can perform in the hole and with a small You Tube search for ‘tapping this task but they tend to be tap one can actually feel it stand’ will show many types, too big and lack sensitivity, twisting. When this happens, some simple some complex. especially when using tiny back off, remove the tap from Perhaps one of the best taps, while small drill chucks the hole and clean it. Clogged was designed by George H will not grip the tap tight swarf in the fl utes is the usual Thomas in the 1980’s, known enough to stop it turning. One cause. If this happens a lot as the Universal Pillar Tool but, stop gap dodge for now to and the tap is getting really for now, we will make some guide the tap is to grip it in the My main tap storage. Other rarely used stiff don't force it. Go in with very simple tools so that tailstock drill chuck and then ones are stored differently. the second or plug tap, until successful tapping can be turn the hand wheel until the that gets tight, then revert to easily achieved in the lathe or Morse taper is just ejected. these are that they tend to be the taper so that the thread is by using the drilling machine Lock the tailstock barrel which more diffi cult to obtain and cut little by little. as a tapping stand. will thus allow the chuck to matching bolts and screws Certain materials, especially When I have to tap a rotate but not wobble about are not common with our drawn bronze, can be a devil hole without using positive much. As you tap the hole in usual trade suppliers. I have to cut as their ductility tends guidance, for the small sizes the work the tailstock, which never purchased sets of taps to grab the tap and any I will hold the wrench in one must be loose on the lathe and dies. You will get some blunting of the tap will cause hand and with thumb and bed, can be pushed along to sizes you will perhaps not use some metal deformation, fi nger of the other, while keep the small clearance but for a long time and, if you get the spring back causing the resting the hand on the work the problem comes when the two sets, the wrenches and problem. Drawn phosphor or vice, grip the shank of the back turn is required, as the die stocks will be duplicated. bronze (often called PB102) tap. This action will give a tailstock has to be moved My advice is to use your list of contains 5% zinc and up crude form of guidance. For back by the thread you have wants and get a few on each to 0.4% phosphorus and is starting larger taps, hold the just started. It works for visit to an exhibition. distinctly copper coloured wrench with both hands with threads over 6 mm but it's One last general point compared to the leaded both thumbs as close to the not as good as the tools we - always store taps and bronze (SAE 660) which centre as possible turning will make. As the tap has a reamers in wooden block contains 7% lead, 7% tin and your hands at right angles so square on the end we can use racks never loose in a drawer 3% zinc. The latter is a very the right hand is at the back, this, provided we can grip the or box as they are brittle and good bearing material and is furthest away from you. Press square. will quickly lose their edge. more brass coloured - usually down with your thumbs then We will make three tools; Don’t use oak as the tannin the bar form is continually twist your hands as far as a small tap holder for up to will rust them. Photograph cast with a wide grey spiral possible (about ½ a turn), let M6, a larger holder for M6 to 21 shows my tapping drawer pattern on the outside. It can go of the wrench then move a M12 and a pump centre. You containing the commonly be silver soldered provided little to the right swap hands will need to get, then modify a used threads. I am still adding it is not overheated, when and repeat for larger taps. ratchet ‘T type’ wrench which to my threading range. the lead content will cause Visually check the tap is will cater for all sizes from Due to the fl utes weakening problems; it is frequently used vertical and correct any error 6mm to 12mm and a small pin the tap and the taps being for boiler bushes and more over the next half turn. This chuck for taps under 6mm. made from a hard and brittle complex fabrications. is achieved by pressing more Photograph 22 shows the materials, they are susceptible Bargain pre-owned taps on one bar of the wrench, ‘raw’ form of the tap wrenches to breakage, small ones should be avoided; sharpening but, avoid unguided tapping before we modify them, which because they are so weak, them for a beginner is out whenever possible. we get onto next time. larger ones because they of the question. For larger Once started for a turn or need more force to cut. The taps there is a centre hole so the wrench can be gripped ●To be continued. taps have a square ground on in the centre of the square. closer to the ends. Do not hold the end of the shank which is This can be used for guiding the work in one hand and the gripped in a tap wrench. With the tap as we will see later tap wrench in the other as care they are rarely broken; with the pump centre but I this is a sure way of snapping 22 always use a proprietary do recommend that all taps the tap. When tightening the tapping lubricant usually in especially those under 6mm tap into the wrench, a small the form of a paste although should be positively guided point can be inserted into it to your lathe cutting fl uid will do into the hole to ensure that tighten but don’t use a scriber. at a push. The swarf is formed the thread is truly axial - it Yes, it’s very convenient and in the fl utes as tiny curled can be quite a lot out! Once a just about the right size but slivers, which can damage thread is started out of line, they are brittle. In 1970 my the newly cut thread or worse it will stay out of line and the lecturer saw me doing just jam the tap in the hole, so we bolt when fi tted will be at an this and said “Don’t do that or The basic parts before modifi cation. www.model-engineer.co.uk 313 PART 7 Ramon Wilson adds varnish, fittings and Wide-A-Wake accessories to his steam launch.

Continued from p.165 M.E. 4578, 19 January 2018

Wide-A-Wake is a 2 inch scale model of a clinker built steam launch that plied the waters of Lough Erne in Ireland at the turn of the 19th Century. The model, designed by H. Croker and built in similar fashion to the full size, is powered by a Stuart Turner Double Ten engine and was first featured in the February 1972 issue of Model Boats magazine.

efore the varnishing A good two days were as a much paler effect than could begin the allowed for each coat to dry out the yellow glow of the hull Bworkshop was given before applying the next and it planking was desired. Though a really good clean to rid as took about twelve days to have easy to apply this would prove much dust as possible from the five coats on ready to paint to need a very long drying time the environment. The varnish the underneath below the water before any rubbing down, even chosen was the Le Tonkinois line. This was done using a mix with wet and dry paper used traditional resin type varnish of Humbrol enamels to achieve wet, could be carried out. I which I’m sure many of us have the shade of green in mind. have no connection other than seen so ably demonstrated This was left to harden fully as a satisfied customer but at various exhibitions. Being before the whole hull was given the Le Tonkinois varnish can a traditional varnish meant a a very light rubbing down and a be highly recommended as an slow drying time so a ‘tent’, final coat of varnish applied all excellent finish for this kind of using a polythene decorator’s over (photo 111). project providing, of course, dust sheet, was jury-rigged up The decks would later that time is not of the essence. over the bench to keep any dust be varnished using an With the varnish being at bay (photo 110). International Paints varnish allowed to really dry out and harden it was time to turn to the ‘accessories’. Some time 110 111 back cardboard mock ups of the water tanks had been made (photo 112). These were now used as patterns to cut out 22swg brass sheet wrappers and end plates. The wrappers were folded using a small home-made folder (photo 113) and the long seam soft soldered. To ensure good fits, plywood formers were made to The first coat of varnish inside the jury-rigged tent. Two weeks or so later and the last (sixth) coat is finished. suit each opening and the end

314 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 STEAM LAUNCH

plates formed over these to suit their respective ends (photo 112 113 114). A good, old fashioned, ¾ inch square, copper soldering iron bought unused and as new for a pound at a club auction so long ago fi nally saw some use and proved ideal to give off and retain the heat required to solder these parts up very satisfactorily (photo 115). Brackets were soldered on to attach the tanks to the top stringer and they were painted The card mock up for the water tanks – one per Folding the sheet, using the small folder made using a spray (aerosol) self- side and handed. many years back. etch primer and a similar satin grey lacquer from the local car shop (photo 116). 114 115 The steering wheel is in a very prominent location so some time was devoted to making one that looked reasonably authentic. Made from a sheet of walnut bought from a model supplier, the rim blank was made by milling six pieces at 60 degrees and gluing them together. The hub was laminated from the same wood but made long enough to have something to hold in the chuck for later turning (photo 117). The brass reinforcing plates The formed ends ready to fi t. The soldered tanks. were fi rst turned on a mandrel then set upon a sacrifi cial faceplate made from a piece 116 117 of white faced particle board (ContiBoard) for trepanning the inner diameter (photo 118). The rim was done in similar fashion and drilled through from the edge for the spokes to go through (photo 119) while the hub, brought to round section fi rst before turning to profi le, had similar radial holes to accept the lower ends (photo 120). A fi nished tanks in situ and plumbed to each other. Base parts for making the steering wheel.

118 119 120

Trepanning the rim. It was only after seeing the image Trepanning the rim – this was then held in soft jaws Finished fi rst parts. that it was realised that only two of the button head to do the reverse. ‘clamps’ are actually holding! >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 315 The inner spoke profiles were turned to shape using a 121 122 form tool made from a piece of gauge plate. With only six parts required it was not felt necessary to heat-treat the tool. Just stoned on top to give a sharp edge, it proved more than adequate and cut quite efficiently enough by plunging slowly. Pre-drilled for the outer spoke first the inner was supported during cutting by reversing the drill and using Forming the inner spoke parts. The non heat-treated tool was The complete finished parts. the shank as a centre support made by plunge milling and drilling the profile. The reversed (photo 121). The outer spokes drill provides support. were simple turning jobs using the topslide for the taper before parting off then turning 123 124 round and rounding the tops using a file photo( 122). With front and back caps made for the hub it was felt, with some satisfaction, that the finished result rewarded the time spent (photos 123 and 124). Various fittings and accessories were made from brass (photos 125 and 126). The forward fairleads were shaped first by milling then The final result. In pride of place but non-functional. Some dummy drive filing and polishing. The small chains will be fitted at a later stage. brackets for hanging the fenders were milled on the end of square section before 125 126 parting off and the aft bollards were made from three pieces, one tapered arm inserted into the other and Loctited in place. For lubricating the inner prop-shaft bearing a small oil box was milled from solid, the hinge barrel machined in situ on both the box and lid before slotting to fit each other. Clamped together these were drilled through for the pin. An ‘O’-ring set in down the Various fittings as described in the text. Anchor and boat hook.

127 128

The rudder parts. The name boards cut from a piece of old Firethorn bush.

316 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 STEAM LAUNCH

129 130

The rudder on its pintles and stern name board in place. The Stuart Turner propeller, With the for’ard name board in place the hull is fi nished at last. Note the extension kept for this moment since 1972, is fi nally where it should be. to the stem due to an oversight when initially cutting it to length.

tube from the inner bearing post (photo 127). This was fi nal assembly before tackling out and make a set from steel prevents oil from seeping epoxied in place. The rivets the engine could be carried out and to take the opportunity to down the shaft – the outer are cosmetic – just glued in (photos 129 and 130). change other parts too. bearing being made from place. The Stuart Double Ten Lignum Vitae which is water The name boards were engine, still as originally ●To be continued. lubricated. made from some very hard obtained mechanically, would The rudder, made from sheet and fi ne-grained wood, require a fair degree of work brass on the original model, kept from cutting down an before fi tting. The current was made from three pieces overgrown Firethorn bush, and cost of a set of of walnut sheet grooved a good friend obliged with the parts caused a sharp intake of and tongued together with engraving (photo 128). So, with breath that set the pulse racing Next Time – Rebuilding the nickel sheet reinforcing to the all these parts to hand, the so a decision was made to lay engine.

● Webb Tool Chests ● Coventry Diehead Chris Rayward completes David Earnshaw makes his LNWR tender tool an attachment for fi tting chests. a Coventry diehead to a small lathe. ● ENV Aero Engine Stephen Wessel ● Ship Repair continues his description James Wells remembers of the electroforming rivetters he has known. process and points out some of the pitfalls. ● Midland Show Taurus reports on ● FALCOR the London Model A new, gas powered Engineering Exhibition 32mm easy to build at Alexandra Palace. locomotive for your garden railway, described by Martin Ranson. Content may be subject to change.

www.model-engineer.co.uk ON SALE 2 MARCH 2017 317 PART 1 Fork Ends for Brake Rods

Overview I’m currently building a LSWR 1 Roger Adams locomotive in 5 inch Vane offers gauge and recently reached his own the stage of designing and method for making the brake rigging. The brake beams didn’t present making the any great problems, nor did fork ends for the brake the shoes, but the rod fork rods on his Adams ends proved to be a stumbling locomotive. block. All of the designs that I’d seen were for fork ends machined from solid (generally square) bar - this required a lot of machining to make something that didn’t look that realistic, so I was looking for an alternative approach. The finished fork ends. Introduction After much thought, I 2 eventually designed and made the fork ends from flat steel strip as shown in photo 1, which compares well with the ‘real thing’ photographed when the Adams T3 was on display in the NRM at York (photo 2). The dimensions of the fork ends are shown on Fig 1. Being a fairly simple 4-4- 0, the number of fork ends is fairly low at 13, but it still proved to be a nice little production job using some fairly basic tooling. A larger locomotive with a more Inspiration for the design - a view of the fork ends on the full sized tender. complex braking system would almost certainly need a much inch a clearance fit for the and scuffing the paintwork. greater number of fork ends. brake beam. When making You will notice some odd I have sized the fork ends these components the opening dimensions with the fork width to suit brake beams which is made slightly wider than on the tooling. This is because scaled at 0.58 inch wide, the ⅛ inch thickness of the the tooling is designed to making a fork length of 0.32 brake beam to avoid jamming accommodate a fork with an internal width of just over 0.125 inch (say 0.130 inch). 3 4 Important note. The dimensions given in this article apply to the fork ends and brake beams on my particular model. For any other application the fork ends may well need to be made to different dimensions, so if making these please check that you allow sufficient clearance. In fact, on my locomotive I have some pull- The bending jig. The steel strip in the bending jig before the bending operation. rods which are at a 20 degree

318 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 WORKSHOP

angle to meet a central pull-rod from the brake cylinder and these rods required a longer fork. The tooling design will need to be adapted to suit. All of the operations are straightforward, although an extra pair of hands would come in useful for the initial bending operation as this operation also requires a heat source capable of heating the steel strip to red heat. In this article I plan to detail the tooling made and then describe the operation itself. Bending the steel strip This is the initial operation to form the ‘U’ shape for the fork, and it is carried out using the bending jig shown in fi g 2and photo 3. It operates very much like a tube bender but without any formers, with the handle being rotated through 180 Fig 1 degrees to wrap the steel strip around the pivot pin. I held the jig in an old drilling vice which was clamped in my much- abused Workmate. The ‘odd’ dimensions shown allow for a certain amount of clearance when inserting the steel strip. The ‘guide pin’ appears to protrude more than strictly necessary - this is because it allows the handle to clear the steel strip during the bending operation, with the end of the pin bearing on the top face of the jig. When I made the fi rst forks I used a stop pin in the jig to restrict the length of the fork, but soon found out that it didn’t allow the steel strip to go in far enough and that rotating the handle pulled the strip out of the jig. I removed the pin and allowed the strip to go further into the jig, judging the distance instead and all was well. There is nothing to stop you setting up a stop arrangement if required. Before bending, I found that chamfering the end of the strip aided insertion into the jig - any burrs should also be removed. In use the steel strip is heated to red heat and positioned in the bending jig as shown in photo 4 and then the handle is rotated Fig 2 180 degrees in a clockwise >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 319 direction to form the fork (photo 5). In practice, I found 5 6 that the best plan was to heat the steel strip and then partially insert it into the jig, following which I applied further heat, pushed the steel strip further into the jig and performed the bending operation. I apologise for the lack of ‘red heat’ in the photograph but I ran out of hands. At this stage it was a case of ‘the hotter the better’ The handle has been through rotated 180 degrees A formed fork before cutting off from the parent material. as it resulted in a tighter bend. to form the fork.

A word of warning here. The bending jig and handle will become very hot to the touch, and I would strongly advise the use of gloves - I used welder’s gauntlets. Once the fork has been formed you can lift off the handle and remove the steel strip. When it has cooled down all that remains to cut off the fork from the parent material and deburr prior to the next operation. Photograph 6 shows the fork before it is cut- off from the parent material. Refining the shape The next operation is to refine the shape of the fork - although the bending process will hopefully leave the new fork near to the correct shape, it will need to be improved to fit into the tooling. The next piece of tooling is the drilling jig which is shown on the drawing in fig 3, although at this stage we are only interested in the tang. This is used as a spacer when refining the shape of the fork and so needs to finish the fork opening slightly ‘oversize’ so that it doesn’t rub on the brake beam or links. It is an easy job for the indexing head. The 7 material I used was ⁄16 inch diameter BMS which allows for a decent area against the thumb when pushing the tang into the drilling jig (as will be explained later). The ⅛ inch clearance hole is left out at this stage, being put in when drilling the first fork. Before refining the shape of the forks they will need to Fig 3 be deburred on all edges and preferably a chamfer filed on

320 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 WORKSHOP

the inside faces to allow for easy entry of the tang. I 7 8 found that the milling vice was ideal for refi ning the shape with the tang pushed fully home to act as a spacer. Simply close the vice on the fork (photo 7) and then rotate the fork through 90 degrees and repeat (photo 8). Job done! Drilling the hole for the pin The drill jig shown in fi g 3 The tang is used to straighten any misalignment in the fork The tang and fork are now turned through 90 degrees to correct consists of the drill jig itself, using the milling vice - fi rst operation. any misalignment in the other axis. a cover plate and the tang. The purpose of the cover plate is to ensure the correct 9 10 ‘sideways’ alignment of the fork in the drill jig. You will see from photo 9 that there is also a locating pin and a clamping screw at the end of the guide jig. In use, the fork is located around the pin and then clamped against the pin by tightening the screw. The tang is inserted to touch the locating pin - this stops the fork from closing up when the hole is being drilled. The The drilling jig and tang. cover plate is then located over the pin and the whole thing clamped in the drilling 11 vice, as shown in photo 10. The ⅛ inch diameter hole can now be drilled through the fork, ensuring that the tang is fully home by pushing on the end pad. As mentioned above the tang is drilled with the fi rst fork in the jig, following which the hole can be opened up to provide some clearance (I opened the hole in my tang to 3.6mm). When removing The ⅛ inch hole has now been drilled and the fork is being The drilling operation - a posed photograph with the fork from the jig, simply marked-out prior to removing the waste. the thumb omitted for clarity. loosen the clamping screw and remove the fork, although you may fi nd it If you can’t always fi nd a copy of this Please reserve/deliver my copy of Model Engineer easier if the locating pin is magazine, help is at hand! Complete this on a regular basis, starting with issue removed fi rst. form and hand in at your local store, they’ll Title First name Photograph 11 shows a arrange for a copy of Surname fork end where the cross hole each issue to be reserved Address has been drilled and a simple for you. Some stores may marking-out gauge is being even be able to arrange used prior to removing the for it to be delivered to waste created at the bending your home. Just ask! Postcode operation. Once the waste Telephone number has been removed the fork Subject to availability end should fi t nicely into the fi xture for the next operation. If you don’t want to miss an issue...

●To be continued. ✃ www.model-engineer.co.uk 321 PART 10 Bolton Corporation No. 46

127 128 Ashley Best’s illustrated description of an award winning, scratch built model in 1:16 scale. Roof end frame. Saloon roof sticks. Continued from p.174 M.E. 4578, 19 January 2018 The roof Much of the building of the roof is identical to the fitting When Number 46 was of the lower saloon ceiling and withdrawn for scrapping in upper saloon floor. No.46 had a 1937, it was just another single skin roof. Posher trams typical British four-wheel, like Manchester’s large bogie double deck balcony cars had double skinned roofs with a smooth varnished inner tram. There was nothing surface. In a model, a double to indicate that it was, in skin has a huge advantage fact, a significant tramcar. because, as on the lower This article explains the deck, wires for lighting can be significance and describes concealed unlike on the more familiar boarded roof of No.46. the making of the model. The end canopy bends were the first to be dealt with photo( Fig 22 127). Before fixing them to the bulkhead, the lights and wires were attached. I ran the made to stick up above the Photograph 129 is of this bare wires along the top edges roof line later to be connected stage. A height gauge was of the roof sticks and then to the trolley base. After fitting employed to check frequently back to the bulkhead sticking the canopy bend frame, the as the roof timbers were glued them with epoxy glue. This centre section of the roof had down and weights applied to effectively conceals the wires to be dealt with. A complete keep everything level while the which are thin enough hardly exactly fitting inner frame was PVA glue was allowed, over to be seen when the roof is built incorporating roof sticks 24 hours, to set hard with the finished. The main power and and lighting. The wiring was power feed wire protruding 129 lighting cables have to be installed as on the canopy for its later connection to run down the end bulkheads bends. Photograph 128 is of the trolley gear. The boards with enough extending at the completed frame ready to were sanded to obtain an the bottom end to effect be fitted to the upper saloon. absolutely accurate base for connections when the decks All the wiring was connected the application of a single 1 are joined. The main power and tested, so then the tram sheet of ⁄64 inch ply to create lead is a copper wire and was was ready for the roof boards. a smooth finish photo( 130). This last application had to be carried out rapidly and with a 130 ready supply of cramps and weights to hold the sheet down completely without areas failing to adhere. The main power cable was run under this final skin and emerged above to be joined to a power link to Assembling the roof. Finishing the roof. the trolley base.

322 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 SCRATCH BUILT TRAMCAR

Trolley gear primer and rubbed down with Figure 22 is a sketch of the wet and dry paper. The maroon trolley base. Photograph 131 parts were then sprayed shows the actual construction with an undercoat of red to including a ball race which a lighter shade than maroon considerably improves and this was also rubbed performance. The most down. The fi nishing coats diffi cult part to make for the were applied by brush and trolley mechanism is shown in rubbed down between coats fi gure 23. This has to be silver until a satisfactory surface soldered for strength as there was obtained. I used Humbrol is considerable strain on the paints which had to be mixed trolley gear because of the to get the right colour. springs and leverage. It will be noted that making and setting Lining up the parts on the hearth is Lining is diffi cult. I used a likely to be a bit challenging. draughtsman’s bow pen and There is no way round this prepared a large coloured Fig 23 but careful fi tting, with tight panel as a trial surface. This and accurate contact joints helped to avoid blobs and that are not sloppy and so gaps appearing on the model unlikely to move, generally as a result of incorrect paint proves to be satisfactory. I thinning. How it works I do not have successfully made many know but applying the lining by trolley bases to this design bow pen is made much easier and have never had problems. if the surface is given a wipe The central swivelling base with a cloth lightly dampened was made from solid brass, with vinegar. Curved surfaces drilled slightly undersize need curved edge guides and and then reamed to an exact these can be made simply interference fi t for the ball with thick card or plywood race. Additional parts for the cut across the grain. Straight rear pivot point and the front edges and edge stencils were spring post sockets were used on the long side panels. soldered on and everything Fig 24 cleaned up with needle fi les. Lettering Figure 24 is a sketch of these BOLTON CORPORATION parts. TRAMWAYS was painted and mistakes can be dealt with supplied with an incorrect along the cream rocker panel using meths for the acrylics version of the coat of arms Painting in 4 inch gold letters and ½ and turps for the oils and with which had been changed As already mentioned, much inch shading which gave an a fi ne brush or a clean cloth after the demise of the trams. of the painting has to be done overall height of 4½ inches. but it must be done as soon I needed the earlier version during construction – the These I painted by hand with as possible. The surface must but the error came to light stairs and bulkheads cannot gold acrylic and set them up be allowed to dry after such only after the model was be worked on after fi tting between parallel lengths of corrections before re-painting. fi nished. I had to do a diffi cult and the upper saloon sides fi ne masking tape. I prepared correction job which even are easier to paint before a length of paper drawn and Coat of arms then was not quite right. This assembling. The metal parts spaced to use in getting the Bolton’s coat of arms appeared time, I acquired the correct are treated fi rstly with self-etch spacing right. Photograph 132 on the waist panel of all the reference of the design used primer and then both wood shows the painting taking place trams. When I made No. 68 all in the tramway era. I painted and metal are primed with an with the saloon propped up at those years ago, my research this version on No.46 with the appropriate automotive spray a comfortable angle. Slip ups was rewarded by being aid of a no. 5 zero brush and

131 132 133

Trolley base parts. Painting lettering. The coat of arms. >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 323 a magnifier lens photo( 133). Great care needs to be taken 134 135 in researching civic crests as changes might occur over time and it is essential to the reference for a particular date. Assembly During assembly there had to be a substantial amount of fitting together and taking apart of the model as it slowly developed. It is never wise Canopy switches. Platform end. to attempt the final joining of the parts too early. As much as possible of any 136 137 model should be made to be taken to pieces as an aid to accurate final construction. The truck of course as a piece of engineering fulfils this requirement but the bodywork, which is mainly wood, is more problematic and needs thought and planning before final assembly. The underframe is bolted to the Several parts. Brackets.

138 139 140

Rear lights. Outside. Inside. truck, the lower saloon can be much of the incorporated screwed to the underframe, detail becomes invisible, but 141 the platforms can be bolted to nevertheless, in my view, the bearers, the dash can be successful construction bolted to the platform, stairs depends on attention to detail are bolted to the platform and throughout. Some of that detail of course controllers, tool is recorded in the following boxes and resistance boxes photographs. Photograph 134 can be made to be removed is of the canopy switches, a easily. Even the upper saloon feature seen on the platforms can, with care and ingenuity, be of all electric trams. They screwed in place. As Bolton 46 were circuit breakers which has working drop windows and would trip if the car was therefore some limited access notched up too rapidly and Support stand. to the interior, I was spared this then had to be re-set by the difficulty and the upper saloon driver. On No.46 they were photograph 136. Platform screens in boxes fitted behind was glued in place. mounted high up above the bulkhead top corner brackets the lower saloon centre Obviously, in an article of bulkhead on the ceiling. A trial fitted almost last are seen in windows. These, as viewed, this nature, which is hardly assembly of an unpainted photograph 137. The tail lights from outside and inside the car a construction manual, platform with lifeguard parts mounted on the bulkheads are in photographs 139 and some details are inevitably is seen in photograph 135. were brass bodies enclosing 140. A really important item neglected, but I hope all Many parts can be finished red LED bulbs and are shown which I made as an aid in the the major points have been before being assembled and before installation (photo construction of my models is covered. In the finished model some of these are seen in 138). No.46 had destination a stand to support the tram

324 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 SCRATCH BUILT TRAMCAR

safely upside down when working on the underside – 142 143 something often required and seen in photographs 141 and 142. Finished model The photographs of the fi nished model should give an overall impression which is not confi ned only to the exterior (photo 143). A 1:16 scale model can have much Stand in use. In the street. interior detail – indeed I regard this aspect of tramcar design and making, historical modelling as essential and it research, technical drawing, 144 145 has already been referred to in painting and fi nishing. More the section on making seats. than that, it can and should Photographs 144 and 145 are lead to associated tramway of the lower and upper saloon modelling which opens up interiors. Realism is enhanced further avenues of discovery by placing the model in a and making… suitable setting on a layout as in photographs 146, 147 and Thanks 148 making worthwhile all the I wish to thank the Manchester time and effort involved. Transport Museum Society, and in particular Mr Derek Shepherd Conclusion and the Bolton 66 Group for A model tramcar has the virtue permission to use photographs Inside upper saloon. Lower saloon. of combining many disciplines 2, 3 and 4 (in part 1 of this including engineering in series). metal and wood, jig and tool ME 146

Unfortunately, some of the following are out of print. Postlethwaite, H, Bolton Corporation Transport, Venture Publications 2007, ISBN 9781905304165 Bett and Gillham, The Tramways of South-East Lancashire The Dick Kerr Album, Preston Guild 1972 Bolton’s Last Tram, Bolton 66 Tramcar Trust Through the window.

147 148

After dark. On the layout. www.model-engineer.co.uk 325 hank you to all those who sent me greetings 1 Tcards and best wishes. If you need inspiration for next Christmas: https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=F_ L7uRI9awI Slow electronics... I'm building a new project. Stage 1 - insert surface mount components. These measure 2mm x 1mm and are held with tweezers, soldered in place, all the same way round and the right way up. This makes it resemble a project built by a competent constructor. A dozen such components took Bedford coal lorry at LMS (photo courtesy of Brian). two hours to fi t, aided by a large magnifi er, good lighting ago in painting a sky scene to ‘base’. I also note that the Geoff and steady hands. This last I on the underside of the attic Chinese military have adopted Theasby do not have... Stage 2 - leaded trapdoor. Mainly blue, with the a more basic approach – an reports resistors. These are colour odd cloud and a jet contrail attack drone armed with a self- on the coded, with which I am familiar, crossing asymmetrically. I draw loading shotgun! latest but again so small that I have the line at the door labelled I visited Sheffi eld & news from the Clubs. to check their resistance with Complaints, opening outward District Society of Model & a testmeter. (No, it isn't futile!) from the tenth fl oor... Experimental Engineers on Not forgetting the jeweller’s In this issue: drones, leprosy, New Year’s Day, not having 10x loupe and head-mounted a sump, members in the wars, been for some while. Several magnifi er... a Third prize, politics, a hot of the members were suffering ‘Statement Ceilings’ are grotto, a radio contact, selling from the effects of the weather, the coming thing, I am a dinghy and a neglected Anno Domini or some such told. So, Sistine Chapel, present. affl iction. The Society raised Ripon choirstalls, gaunt and The Occasional LMS £3,400 for the Children’s blackened roof timbers and Newsletter, by Doug Hewson, Hospital on their Santa chimneys open to the sky, rich August (glad to see you are up Weekends. Well done! On the and detailed pargetting? Stars? and about, Doug) says a while garden railway I spotted this Inside a lighthouse looking up? ago he set a task for Brian very neat train, the coaches I am mindful of the trompe l'oeil to build a Bedford coal lorry, of which I thought resembled vinyl overlays suggesting a which is radio controlled. He those of the Isle of Man, but yawning chasm in your kitchen now has done so, and he took for the colour scheme. The fl oor or those for your garage it to the Driffi eld rally where it owner said they were from the door showing a RAF Typhoon won fi rst prize photo( 1)! Those IP Engineering range but as he or an Aston Martin within. Debs wheels won’t stay polished for bought the full set, and having was a trendsetter some years long... painted the fi rst two, they look Conrod, December, from so good that he now feels he Otago Model Engineering has to paint them all (photo 2 Society, has President Russell 2). After a full afternoon, I was Clark advising members to waiting for the bus back home treat the site and clubhouse when David Williams, riding as they treat their Mothers-in- shotgun, emerged from the Law. Hmmmm, that could be club site gateway on his ¼ interpreted two ways... scale Foster traction engine W. www.omes.org.nz and proceeded to ‘beat up’ John Bauer writes on my the neighbourhood and show comments regarding dealing the Abbeydale fl ag (photo with drones in ME 4569. He 3). Great stuff! Riding the favours a ‘white-noise’ radio circuit behind Alan Cooper’s jammer to disrupt the link 7¼ inch scale Darjeeling & between pilot and drone. Himalaya Class B, I noted This has the advantage that it that the Abbeydale site leaves no electronic fi ngerprint signalling system has been to identify the jammer. The comprehensively revamped. drone should then go into W. www.sheffi eldmodel Garden railway coaches at Sheffi eld SMEE. ‘safe mode’ and land or return engineers.com

326 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 CLUB NEWS

shows the benefi t of getting onto a passenger seat the 3 the camera right down on wisdom of placing the aircon the ballast - it improves the equipment in the roof was perspective no end (photo questioned. The author goes 4)! Note also the lorry. I can’t on to discuss other items identify it from this angle but it which can go wrong, not the has headlamps on stalks from ‘known unknowns’ of Donald the radiator grille. Rumsfeld but his ‘unknown The Blower, December, unknowns’. Elsewhere, in from Grimsby & Cleethorpes Wembley Park did Edward Model Engineering Society, Watkin a stately pleasure dome reports that two large trees are decree, 12 minutes travel from to be removed as they have Baker Street. This included a died. This means the proposed huge tower, taller than Eiffel’s viaduct is no longer required (and the Shard) but after the and, although it would have design was changed during been visually striking, the construction the foundations embankment now proposed will proved inadequate and it David Williams’s Traction Engine at Sheffi eld. be much cheaper. Phil Dunham was demolished. One of the spotted details of a ‘thumb foundations was uncovered Bristol Society of Model was to the right of Genghis nut’ on t’internet. It is drilled on during the recent rebuilding of & Experimental Engineers’ Khan and the other to the left two axes separated by a small Wembley Stadium. In 1923, Bristol Model Engineer, of Karl Marx. (Would that more angle but passing through the the then new stadium stood doesn’t actually claim to be such conversations followed same point in the middle of the in virtually open countryside. the December issue but, as that pattern! - Geoff) In his Will, item. One is tapped and one The December issue also its front cover shows us a Derek gave a considerable is smooth drilled for the major arrived, with another of picture of a trainload of Santas, sum which will help maintain an thread diameter. Consequently, ‘61249’s tales of the vagaries we can take it as read (or adequate supply of chocolate it can be rotated quickly by of managing a railway. HM green...). Assuming they are biscuits, the fame of which half a turn, slid up or down the the Q was due to visit Bedford not Robin Hood lookalikes, or has spread - yea, even unto thread on which it is mounted, and plans were made to greet Leprechauns, but as I don’t Sheffi eld. The old chairs in then rotated back again for fi nal her at the station. However, speak Leprosy, I wouldn’t the clubhouse have found a tightening. Very ingenious! (I the same line was regularly know... Editor Richard Lunn new home at Earlsfi eld village would have to think about how used by the ‘Rubbish Train’, says that this is the time for church. It’s amazing what to make one, though – Geoff) carrying household waste reviewing the past year but ‘real you can get into a 40-year- W. www.gcmes.com headed for landfi ll, which was life’ proved to be very chaotic old VW van! (No, not the The Prospectus, November, noticeable by the nose before and unpredictable so maybe church!) Thanks to Ieuan for from Reading Society of being detected by the eyes. it is best left undisturbed. The getting them in and the Vicar Model Engineers, has ‘61249’ Plans to divert or delay this Sweet Pea Rally will be held at for getting them all out again! reporting on the inaugural transport of (delight? - Geoff) Bristol on 9/10 June. I will be (Three chairs for the vicar! Hip, run of the HST from Weston- mephitic miasma did not go unable to attend but it will be a hip, ...) In April the club are due super-Mare in 1976. It wasn’t well and a mere 15 minutes great event, of that I am sure. to hear a talk on surviving a perfect but it was better than separated HM’s appearance Robert Postlethwaite describes nuclear attack (do they know the comparable run by the and the presence of the Lonnie a Model ‘T’ railcar in 2½ inch something we don’t?) IEP from Bristol last year, Donegan special. Soon the gauge, which would suit a W. www.suttonmec.org.uk the Hitachi 800 class. When exhaust from Paxman diesels beginner, whilst Andrew Harding Northampton Society water poured from the roof took over but it was a close became involved in removing of Model Engineers’ News and dumping the residue left in Sheet, December, keeps us the drain sump of the clubhouse up to date on proceedings at 4 sink. How to transport it across the site whilst the small (but the site for disposal without perfect in every detail) website spilling the noxious remains was is very attractive and says solved by transporting it by rail that, although the raised track to its destination. is not yet complete, at least W. www.bristolmodel one driver goes fast enough to engineers.co.uk jump the gap! Not related to the Newslink, from Sutton previous item, several videos Model Engineering Club, are available here. mourns President Derek W. www.nsme.co.uk Tidbury who died in September. Erewash Valley Model His Humanist funeral was Engineering Society concluded by the bell code, Newsletter, December, says 7-5-5, ‘Signal Box now closed’. that the Society stand at The Chairman Paul Harding refers Fosse, Midlands exhibition to their always good-humoured won Third prize. A photograph political conversations - one taken on the garden railway Garden railway at Erewash Valley MES (photo courtesy of Richard Grainger). >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 327 now mostly superseded. (I Bournemouth & District 5 watch very little broadcast TV Society of Model Engineers, nowadays, finding much more B&DSME News, December, of interest on YT – Geoff) ‘Stop has Gordon Miles reporting Press’ was vacant this time, so on the 16mm event suffering I assume it was an uneventful from the weather, with rolling holiday. stock blown off the track, W. www.ndsme.org luckily with little damage. The Model & Experimental wet and muddy conditions Engineers are meant that there was a risk of sorry to hear that Murray has falls and further damage so decided to cease much of the event was truncated. An his activities at the club and unusual Thank You letter was MOTAT due to failing health. received by the society, from However, he will continue to Father Christmas in Lapland, produce the newsletter and thanking members for making write for Model Engineer. the day such fun, despite the Graham Quayle uncovered awful weather. (On Christmas his dinghy prior to selling it, Day, I managed to penetrate only to find the interior paint the crowds of other radio flaking off. Much scraping, amateurs (known as a ‘pile- sanding and painting followed. up’) clamouring to speak to In removing fittings to deal OH9SCL in Finnish Lapland with this, some brass screws and exchanged Christmas broke. Drilling out the remains greetings! He had 40cm of of the broken screws with a snow that day – Geoff) Several hole saw and gluing in a dowel, members had the simultaneous then refitting new screws was idea of building steam tram next. He says that checking Ellie, based on the recent over the outboard motor was Camden book, so a group has an anticlimax after restoring been formed to discuss ideas Michael Cryn’s long case clock in Auckland (photo courtesy of Murray Lane). the paintwork. Michael Cryns and problems. is making a replacement W. www.littledown thing. On another occasion, he installed in a very nice hotel. weight for a magnificent long railway.co.uk noticed that many passengers Unfortunately, they were case clock. He plans a brass And finally, from Ron Vale were congregating in the front booked up for Christmas so he tube, to be filled with 13lb of via the M.E. website forum, ‘Re of the first coach of a special had to return home! lead. The clock sports a white - going up in the loft, I found trip into a freight facility. It was W. www.sfmr.co.uk dial, moonphase, gilded ball one of last year’s presents explained that these august Norwich & District Society on spike finials, a broken I was going to give to the individuals were members of of Model Engineers sent its pediment, the lot! It was made grandchildren. They would the Branch Line Society and e-Bulletin for December. There by William Flather of Halifax in have loved that kitten’. their ambition was to traverse are several pictures of some about 1840 (photo 5). the full length, up to the buffer of the 600 happy people on Seen at Auckland Steam stocks, of every line available. the Santa weekends, including Societies’ AGM and exhibition Hence they gathered at the very warm Santas in their was Graham Bell’s fine front, excepting only the heated grotto, Ho, ho, ho... Marshall TE and trailer outfit. I Contact: driver’s cab. Spotted on YouTube, a video presume the trailer wheels are [email protected] W. www.prospectpark on the Geneva Mechanism, a work in progress (photo 6). railway.co.uk Stockholes Farm Miniature Railway raised £290 in a 6 Macmillan Coffee Morning and Ivan and Barbara went to the Barrow Hill reopening and Sandtoft Trolleybus Museum Steam Weekend. The entrance fee for Barrow Hill was thought excessive at £25 but Sandtoft at £7 was better value. Both had lots to offer. Jordan has received a commission to repaint a 7¼ inch gauge Tich so obviously he had to try it out on the track. Distributor, Paul Lazenby, was working away in Northumberland but Graham Bell’s Marshall TE and trailers (photo courtesy of Murray Lane).

328 Model Engineer 16 February 2018 FEBRUARY 22 Sutton MEC. Club 6 Romney Marsh MES. 8 Worthing & District 13 Romney Marsh MES. Night: cotton reel An evening with Richard SME. Club meeting Members’ social racing (make your own). Linkins, 7.30pm. 7.30pm. Contact Contact Adrian Parker: afternoon. Contact Contact Paul Harding: Dereck Langridge: 01303 894187. Adrian Parker: 0208 2544749. 01903 202661. 7 Bradford MES. AGM 01303 894187. 22 Worthing & District 9 Tiverton & District MES. 7.30pm, Saltaire 15 Cardiff MES. 3D printing SME. AGM at the Club meeting at Old Methodist Church. with demonstration – clubhouse 7.30pm. Heathcoat Community Contact: Russ Coppin, Peter Lewis. Contact Contact Dereck Centre, Tiverton, 07815 048999. Langridge: 7.30pm. Contact Chris Rob Matthews: 7 Bristol SMEE. Club 01903 202661. Catley: 01884 798370. 02920 255000. meeting 7.30pm, ‘The 27 Romney Marsh MES. 10 Cardiff MES. Southern 18 Westland & Yeovil trials and tribulations of Members’ social Federation AGM. DMES. Track running model scratch building’ afternoon. Contact Contact Rob Matthews: day 11am – 4.30pm. – Pete Dickenson. Adrian Parker: 02920 255000. Contact Bob Perkins: Contact Dave Gray: 07984 931 993. 01303 894187. 01275 857746. 10 Westland & Yeovil 19 Peterborough SME. 27 Wigan DMES. 7 Leeds SMEE. Meeting DMES. Track running Talk ‘Theory and Usage Presentation by night – ‘Jumble Sale’ day 11am – 4.30pm. of Helical Gears’ – Tom Heavyside on (in the SMEE Contact Bob Perkins: Derek Brown, 7.30pm. ‘Lancashire Steam’. clubhouse). Contact 07984 931 993. Contact Terry Midgley: Contact Kevin Grundy: Geoff Shackleton: 01733 348385. 01942 522303. 01977 798138. 19 Tiverton & District MES. Running day at Rackenford track. MARCH Contact Bob Evenett: 1 Cardiff MES. Bring 01884 252691. and buy. Contact 20 Romney Marsh MES. Rob Matthews: ‘Update on the P2 02920 255000. Project’ – Andy Hardy, 1 Sutton MEC. Bits and 7.30pm. Contact Adrian Pieces. Contact Paul BECOME PART OF THE ONLINE COMMUNITY Parker: 01303 894187. Harding 0208 2544749. 21 Bristol SMEE. Club 2 Rochdale SMEE. FOR MODEL ENGINEER MAGAZINE *only available with digital or print + subscriptions meeting 7.30pm, Members’ Projects & ‘Bristol’s Electricity Problems, at Castleton Get access to exclusive competitions and giveaways History’ – Peter Lamb. Community Centre, 7.30pm. Contact Rod Contact Dave Gray: Exclusive articles and advice from professionals 01275 857746. Hartley 07801 705193. 21 Leeds SMEE. Meeting 3 Cardiff MES. Steam up Join our forum and make your views count night – ‘Three Short and family day. Model Engineering Contact Rob Matthews: Sign up to receive our monthly newsletter Topics’ – Talks by 02920 255000. Subscribe and get additional content including 3 Tiverton & District members. Contact Online Archives dating back to 2001* Geoff Shackleton: MES. Running day 01977 798138. at Rackenford track. Register for free today and join our friendly 21 Salisbury DMES. Talk: Contact Bob Evenett: community! ‘An Analemmatic 01884 252691. Sundial and Moondial 5 Peterborough SME. Calendar: The Ultimate Bits & Pieces, 7.30pm. WWW.MODEL-ENGINEER.CO.UK Time Machine’. Contact Contact Terry Midgley: Jonathan Maxwell: 01733 348385. 01722 320848. 6 Oxford (City of) SME. FOLLOW US 22 Cardiff MES. Talk: ‘Powder Coating Members’ projects. in the Home Workshop’. Contact Rob Matthews: Contact: secretary@ 02920 255000. cosme.org.uk www.model-engineer.co.uk 329 7¼” Drawings and Castings Dock tank 5” Castings Only BR STD Class 2 2-6-0 Ashford, Stratford, Waverley. BR STD Class 2 2-6-2T BR STD Class 4 2-6-4T 7¼” Castings Only BR STD Class 5 4-6-0 Dart, Roedeer, Green Queen BR STD Class 7 4-6-2 BR STD Class 9 2-10-0 L.M.S Coronation Class 8 4-6-2 (Duchess) HORLEY MINIATURE LOCOMOTIVES LLP Phone: 01293 535959 Email: [email protected] www.horleyminiaturelocomotives.com

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The “Beverley” includes fi ne rivet detail around the top fl ange of the boiler and skirt, a working fi re door and a full set of fi ttings including a working whistle. The colour scheme of 2018 is Maroon which looks very attractive against the polished brass parts and stainless-steel boiler bands which hold the hardwood timber planks. The Mill Engine has ¾” diameter bore and a ¾” stroke. The Boiler is fi red by a ceramic gas burner to generate steam for the continuous running of the engine at 80psi if you wish. The burner is ignited via the fi re door. The Shaft driven water pump supplies water to the burner from the water tank via a three-way water valve. The Exhaust steam from the engine is passed via the steam oil separator with clean steam passing up the outside of the chimney. The generator is belt driven from the engine fl ywheel to provide power to the lamp. The price for this fi ne model delivered by UPS within the UK is £3950. Please contact us to discuss delivery, based upon your requirements. You can now place a reservation on payment of £250. The balance of the purchase to be paid upon notifi cation that the model is now ready for despatch. The model will have an engraved brass plaque stating the number of the model or a number of your choice together with a second plaque with your name and date confi rming the model was commissioned by you.

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Model Engineer 19 September 2014 473 www.model-engineer.co.uk 337 TRACTION ENGINE DRIVING EXPERIENCE

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OurOur 201820181 coursescouoursrsess willwill be runrun fromfrom OldOld HallHall Farm,FarmFarm, Bouth,BouthBouth, Nr UlverstonUlvvererstston LA!2LA!2 8JA8JJA PricesPi startt t fromf £130 per person for f a half h lf day d course (min( i 2 people).l) £200 per day for full course (min 2 people) Full day course includes a gi pack with DVD steam on the Lakeland Passes + Gi Card which is sent on booking + Presentation Mug at the end of the course. Course participants have included in the price an engineman’s lunch cooked on the shovel or a café lunch Stay in one of our self-catering holiday coages Payments can be made by cheque, credit card, switch, or BACS

For further details and prices Tel: 01229 716578 email: [email protected] Find us @ The Steam Driving Experience www.steam-traction.co.uk Sledgehammer Engineering Press Ltd “New Book”

When author Alan McEwen was a young sprog, he loved banging and hammering on rusty old steam ; now that he is an old hog, he just likes others banging and hammering on rusty old steam boilers! You can read much about Alan’s youthful Boiler Making adventures in his new book, which will make a brilliant Christmas present! The book’s larger-than-life characters, the hard as nails, ale-supping, chain-smoking Boiler Makers: Carrot Crampthorn, Reuben Ramsbottom, Teddy Tulip, Paddy O’Boyle, and not least Alan himself are, to a man, throw-backs to times gone by when British industry was the envy of the world. You can read much about Alan’s youthful Boiler Making adventures in his new book RIVET LAD - Lusty Tales of Boiler Making in the Lancashire Mill Towns of the 1960s.

RIVET LAD price £35.00 plus £3.00 p&p to UK addresses only. To place an order please telephone 01535 637153 / 07971 906105. All our books can be ordered on our website www.sledgehammerengineeringpress.co.uk or email: [email protected] Overseas customers contact Sledgehammer email for postage costs.

Our other three books are £16.95 including postage to UK addresses. World From Rough Stones House, Farling Top, Cowling, North Yorkshire, BD22 ONW