Tajikistan Reduced 1.14)

Main Trends of Biodiversity Transformation

Considerable transformation of biodiver- transformation Considerable caused the Theimpact anthropogenic pro- factors anthropogenic Altogether, Direct factors influencing the specific the specific influencing factors Direct ciency of current laws on biodiversity con- biodiversity ciency of current laws on servation; the National including authorities, mental Biodiversity; on Coordinator part of envi- the on decisions international Khukumats; and local bodies ronmental system; the to information providing Convention on authorized body of National Biodiversity develop- (NBSAP) Plan and Action Strategy of organizations and irresponsibility ment areas; managing unique tion. lack of relevant legislative actsrelevant and ineffi- lack of legislative status and power environ- insufficient of and institutional, of state, non-observance absence of the State monitoring biodiversity of the the requirements of non-observance exploita- inreducing activity agroecosystem Loss of animals at engineering construction construction engineering of animals at Loss roads; automobile and sites eco- within unique resources natural Mining systems; Destruction of natural ecosystems, of plough- natural ecosystems, Destruction areas; forested and ing steep-slope animals and of numbers great of Destruction for and gathered commercial preyed plants and collections; purposes • • • • • • • • • • sity is caused by anthropogenic factor that con- that factor anthropogenic caused by sity is sists of many components 1.12). The main (fig. diversity factor for the specific anthropogenic imbalanced ecologically is the alteration ecosystems. in natural use of nature scheme ecosystems natural of replacement fragmentary in natural pas- the zones of rain-fed farming, This tends to process tures and even forests. of diversity reducing the by accompanied grow, and low- biocoenoses species, and population, ering the species resistance. andmote the qualitative quantitative impover- the consequently, and, biodiversity ishment of (table natural ecosystems of transformation 1.8). diversity are as follows: 39 Main Trends of Biodiversity Transformation of Biodiversity Trends Main The main factors of influence on biodiver- of influence factors The main The ecological imbalance observed in observed imbalance The ecological The main socio-economic reasons for for reasons socio-economic The main development of mining industry; industry; mining of development change. local and climate global livestock overgrazing; overgrazing; livestock of roads,construction electric power lines, systems; and irrigation communication fires; and enterprises of industrial location zones of unique in the constructions consideration their without of ecosystems capacity; ecological unregulated hunting for rare endemic rare endemic for hunting unregulated and plants; animals species of food, gathering of uncontrolled medicinal, plants; and forage cutting; and shrubs trees Increasing ploughed lands in the areas of of in the areas lands Increasing ploughed valuable and ecosystems natural communities; vegetation uncontrolled sale of biodiversity compo- biodiversity of sale uncontrolled at nents internal and markets; external of the education environmental of low level population; biodiversity; use of consumers’ in the institutions barriers between branch the conservation on of programs realization and rational of biodiversity; use lack of economic and financial incentives and of economic lack financial incentives conserva- in biodiversity andmechanisms tion; biodiver- of evaluation economic real of lack country; the nationalheritage of as a sity uneven spread of the population and pro- spread of the population uneven inductive forces and natural administrative zones; na- and environmental, territorial, of lack programs con- plans and ture-management capacity; sidering ecological • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.3. sity are: recent decades resulted in the great change of great change of the in recent decades resulted all lev- at structure and composition biodiversity and spe- ecosystems, communities, els– from are pre- Many cies to populations. ecosystems “niches”. served in narrow ecological biodiversity degradation are: are: degradation biodiversity First National Report on Biodiversity Conservation * 1.12. Fig. Numbers of plants (denominator) and animals (numerator) animals and (denominator) plants of Numbers • • • • • • Table 1.8. No. No. 12. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Direct withdrawalDirect Gathering medicinalGathering Poaching Fishing Felling forests Collection Hunting and foodplants Ruderal-degraded Urban Agroecosystem Wetland Foothill semidesert and desert Mid- savannoide low-mountain Mid-mountain xerophytic light forest Mid-mountain mesophyllic forest Mid-mountain forest juniper meadow-steppe High-mountain Subnival high-mountain desert Nival glacier Preying Preying Main Factors of Anthropogenic Impact on Biodiversity on Impact Anthropogenic of Factors Main Dynamics of areas and number of species in ecosystems (1950-2002) (1950-2002) ecosystems of in species of areas and number Dynamics

Type ofecosystem

• • • • • • Forms of anthropogenic impact onbiodiversity impact of anthropogenic Forms Habitat degradation Fires Fires grazingCattle reser- Constructing Irrigation cutting Forests Ploughing voirs androads

0.19 0.67 0.25 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 Area, m. ha 40 40

1950

Habitats transformation

• • • •

2800 1200 3500 5000 2500 5000 2500 6000 1800 3500 1300 3000 2500 1500 850 250 600 620 700 750 700 130 25 10 Spread of alien *Number of species mals andpeople Poisoning ani- of reduction Harvest cropsricultural of Destruction ag- Choking species

0.225 0.24 0.73 0.66 1.05 0.65 0.15 0.5 0.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 Area, m. ha

1970

2500 1100 3200 4500 2400 4900 2500 6000 1790 3450 1300 3000 2450 1400 750 200 530 580 550 750 690 130 30 12 *Number of species

0.237 0.25 0.82 0.57 0.25 0.88 3.05 2.95

• • • • 0.5 1.0 0.6 3.2 Area, m. ha pollution Environmental 1990

Fertilizers andchemi- Industrial constructionIndustrial Waste Water resources con- cals use tamination tamination

1000 2200 1000 3100 4200 2200 4800 2450 5980 1710 3400 1290 2350 2400 1300 180 450 550 500 730 680 140 50 15 *Number of species

0.229 0.229 3.150 0.36 0.85 0.34 0.58 0.5 1.0 0.2 0.8 3.4 2.9 2002 Area, m. ha

16-17 2000 2000 3000 4000 2000 4500 2400 5950 1700 3390 1280 2900 2400 1100 250 900 400 520 450 730 650 180 70 *Number of species

Main Trends of Biodiversity Transformation , ), ), Intensive ) forests ) forests Juglans ), alfalfa ), alfalfa

I ), and others and others ),

H Medium Degrees

C Pistacia Onobrychis pul- Used lands: rainfed mountain deserts mountain deserts piedmountain medium mountain piedmountain irrigated Arable lands: ), bulbous barley barley ), bulbous Zorkul Lake Zorkul ), walnuts ( ), Weak

b a

Botriochloa ischaemum g r

u M Karakul Lake Karakul ), Vicia tenuifolia Astragalus sp. Wind Water ), esparcet ( esparcet ), Erosion Juniperus Yashilkul Lake Sarez Lake Sarez The Legend: ), and pistachio), and ( Degradation processes:

wood cutting and salinization land degradation

a r

t h k a

Elytrigia rtichophora Elytrigia

un h

n G S

g The ploughed the republic of area is and desert- tugai forests The unique deforestation decades, Duringlast the

Betula

), milk vetch ( milk vetch ), a

l u

KYRGYZSTAN

h a

c Y

a V Khorog Hordeum bulbosum Hordeum Medicogo sativa ( ( chella for selec- resource genetic a valuable are that tion and introduction. ha of 849,6 (5.9% ths total area).the During the area in- lands 40 years, the last irrigated of valuableplants of the use due to creased twice areas. of and Northern Southern sandy ecosystems to small (10-30 ths ha) have Tajikistan reduced 1.14). islands(fig. Theof area become really threatening. has ( juniper valuable thin-leaf vetch ( vetch thin-leaf grass ( birch ( birch a This produces by 20-25%. has been reduced on state of the negative impact natural ecosystems and coenosis structures. The specific di- andcommu- transforming, is gradually versity species of 8-10 over loosing compositions nity cities rivers

lakes and water reservoirs j n

Unused lands: a glaciers cliffs, rocks, alluvial deposits P

i b

u y

S a

k a Y ), hair wheat hair wheat ),

Kulyab 0 50 100 150 Km 150 100 50 0

Kayrakkum reservoir

u AFGHANISTAN s r

l i i

i o

v K r

Khujand e r

u N

j n a P Poa bulbosa Poa

n Ruderal-degraded ecosystem a

h s h

e k

Dushanbe

Z a

Kurgan-Tube V

g i

r i f a K

a y r a ud Am KISTAN Land ploughing caused the reduction of reduction of caused the Land ploughing Change in the land-use structure, without without structure, in the land-use Change Water contamination in the areas of unique areas of unique in the contamination Water animal species and ecosystems. and ecosystems. animal species

Complete water intake and exsiccation of and intake of exsiccation water Complete rivers; small UZBE Map-Schemeland of degradation Republic of Tajikistan • • Fig. 1.13. Fig. 1.13. valuable populations of some forage plants: bul- forage plants: some of valuable populations bous meadow grass ( considering the ecological capacity of the coun- of the capacity the ecological considering led not try, only to a in the vegetation change but and ecosystems landscapes, composition, degra- land of process the up speeding also in 1.13). (fig. dation and desertification First National Report on Biodiversity Conservation Pseudoscaphirinchus fedtschenkoi Marmota menzbieri tigrisPanthera virgata Populus cataracti Delphinium nevskii Tulipa anisophylla Eremurus micranthus inconspicua Bellevalia Allium schugnanicum pauliAllium Allium minutum Allium incrustatum gracillimum Allium mumynabadensisOxytropis Hedysarum korshinskyanum darwasicusAstragalus Juno tadshikorum Juno popovii Silene caudata List of Extinct Species of Plants and Animals and of Species of Extinct List Plants Fig. 1.14. Fig. Republic of Tajikistan of Republic Map-Scheme forests of UZBE

KISTAN

d a

y a

Kaf irni gan

V Kurgan-Tube a Z Dushanbe

khsh e

Animals h a

Plants Plants

n Name Name

n j

u re k r Khujand K ez izi er lsu vo Kulyab ir AFGHANISTAN Kayrakkum reservoir 0 50 100 150 Km

Ya kh su

S y rd a S ry u a r k

O h b o b ik h i n g

n j 42 42 pogenic transformation.pogenic turned the toto most thebe vulnerable anthro- cephalus myctaceus, Echis carinatus eversmanni, psammobiont forms ofreptiles – Tajikistan.Data Bookof Red mammals44.7% and of reptilesarelistedinthe mammals.tiles and Oftotal species, 50%of plants are extinct. IUCN. thecies arelisted in RedDataBookthe of Tajikistan (fig. 1.18, 1.19);10invertebrate spe- gered and are in listed the Red Data Book of speciesanimal have become rare or endan- 162 anthropogenic planttaxaand factor, 226 as fuel. Shrub vegetationis beingeradicatedandused impoverishmentcation and ofwinter pastures. species,plant erosion,anda progressive insic- to an outbreak of weeds, alienand quarantine ecosystems years.3-7 cuttingleads during Tree flood-plain open woodlands open mesophyllic Forests с tugai tree-shrubs Khorog

V oniferous a n Y c a h z g u KYRGYZSTAN B l a e r m ta P n

The most vulnerableThe havebecome rep- 3 species of animals and 16 species of theimpactthelast50 years of due to For g

Among thevertebratesTajikistan, of the a

n S G j h a un k h t da ra

The Legend: The Teratoscincus scincus,Phryno- Sarez Lake Yashilkul Lake Karakul Lake

a b reservoirs water and lakes rivers rivers cities cities

Zorkul Lake C

Crossobamon Crossobamon

N A , etc. , etc. Main Trends of Biodiversity Transformation

), , blind , blind Naja ox- Marmota Marmota ), muskrat muskrat ), ), etc. (table (table etc. ), Sus scrofa ), some lizards, lizards, some ), Myocastor coypus Columbia colum- Columbia ), Tien Shan brown Tien Shan brown ), ) from Tajikistan and and Tajikistan ) from ), redmarmot ( ), and other species keep keep species other and ), Alectoris graeca Alectoris ), pigeon ( pigeon ), Myocastor coypus Uncia uncia Lepus tolai Lepus Typhlops vermicularis ), nutria ( nutria ), Destruction of native habitats and the and the habitats native of Destruction Numbers of many animal species, par- species, animal of many Numbers Among the mammals and the mammals Among ma- the birds, The Report criteria for assessing the ten- for assessing criteria The Report in biodi- the situation Having evaluated Vipera lebetiana, Echis carinatus Vipera lebetiana, Ursus arctos Habitats narrowing leads to a drop in to a drop in leads narrowing Habitats ), ), ), and partridge ( and partridge ), Ondatra zibethica Ondatra 1.10). 1.10). cobra ( Asian Central ticularly snakes – iana snake ( ( bear reducing. and vul- dencies of biodiversity transformation approach are based nerability on the ecosystem and analysis problem priorities. of of its tendencies and the conservation versity snow leopard ( snow leopard caudata ( bia deterioration of the environment in 1954 caused caused in 1954 of the environment deterioration Turantiger the of disappearance the complete (Panthera tigris virgata from the face of Earth. particularly populations, wild animal of numbers (table fig.in ecosystems 1.11, 1.15- natural 1.17). boar ( are: wild jorgame species tolai-hare ( 43

2.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.9 9.3 3.7 401 20 20 51 17.6 11.2 78.9 66.5 62.8 11.4 49.1 14.9 Area 210 210 150 500 388 388 200 Total Total 224.2 110.3 146.5 146.5 1000 1000 2000 ths ha ths ha

) ) Total: 750 750 416 185 830 250 250 2700 7800 2200 1990 11070 11070 ) Tamarix ) ) Berberis) : ) ) ) )

) ) audata а с ) ) gi ) ) including ) ) е : Tamarisks ( : Tamarisks

Name ) ). barberry ( ). barberry ) : (Robinia pseudacacia (Robinia Prunus sogdiana Prunus ) Salix sp. div ) ) Capra sibirica Name Rosa Marmota Marmota Pistasia vera Fraxinus Dynamics of Wild Animal Hunting Hunting Animal Wild of Dynamics Amygdalus Type Classification Juniperus Juglans r Juglans Lepus tolai Haloxylon persicum Haloxylon Populus including including: including: (individuals) Alectorius graeca Alectorius Acer including Betula including: including: Ulmus Meles meles Martes foina Martes Columbia columbia Vulpes vulpes Vulpes Wild rose ( rose Wild Almond ( Almond Walnut ( ( Cherry plum ( Pistachio Shrubs. Poplar ( ( Tree willow Other breeds. tree Maple ( Maple Bastard acacia Birch ( Juniper ( Juniper Saxaul ( ( Elm Ash-tree ( Total of major forest-forming breeds breeds forest-forming major of Total Soft-leaf. Hard-leaf. Hard-leaf. Conifers. Conifers. Table 1.9. of ForestedAreas Resources and Plant Red marmot ( Red marmot Waterfowls Badger ( ( hare Tolai Partridge ( ( Pigeon Siberian ibex ( ibex Siberian Fox ( ( Marten Table 1.10. First National Report on Biodiversity Conservation * Number of * scaleanimalsNumber arenoted anddescending varying in numberto considering 10% ascending on Table 1.11. Fig. 1.15.Fig. Fig. 1.16. Fig. Persian gazelle ( Wolf ( Snow leopard ( Bukhara or deer ( tugai Bukhara wild ram (urial) ( Porcupine ( Pheasant ( Tajik markhur ( Sika ( deer Bar-headed goose ( ( Partridge Tibetian snow partridge ( Red marmot ( Jackal ( ( Pamir argali Siberian ibex ( Source: of science ofAcademy RT

Animals committee statistic Tajik State Source: 12 0 3 9 15 Birds 6 3600 1200 1800 2400 3000 Canis lupus 600 Canis aureus 0 961986 1986 Population of Tien Shan brown bear in nature reserves nature in bear brown Shan ofTien Population Alectoris graeca Phasianus colchicus Phasianus Cervus nippon Dynamics of Some Wild Animal Populations (for the period) (for 1990-2001 of SomePopulations Wild Animal Dynamics Hystrix leucura “Dashtidjum” Ovis ammon Ovis Marmota caudata Capra sibirica 901990 1990 Capra falconeri Uncia uncia 9019 1999-2000 1990-1991 Number of rare bird species species bird rare Number of Gazella subgutturosa ) Species Anser indicusAnser ) 002000 2000 Cervus elaphus Tetraogallus tibetanus Ovis vignei ) ) ) ) ) )

15 10 20 25 30 5 0 ) ) ) Ular Mountain goose Mountain Ular ) ) ) ) “Ramit” ) 1500-2500 250-200 250-200 160-200 200-250 150000 150000 442300 180000 28000* 10000 in the Republic 1990 1200 1260 1100 3220 650 650 280 610 Total Total 44 44 Fig. 1.17. Fig. been determined: transformation, prioritieshave following the 3500-4000 Source: Red Data Book, Data Red Book, Source: TajikState Forest Authority, Tajik State statistic committee • • • • • • 100-120 100-120 300-350 170-180 130000 253560 130000

18000 Animals 2001 1000 1000 1100 1231 200 300 400 500 600 100 350 350 173 800 408 80 education. poor levelofthepopulation environmental wild plant range restriction; destructionanimal migrationroutes; ofwild domestic animals; cultivated plants, aswell as relatives wild of reduction of genetic resources ofwildflora, scapes; general environmental imbalanceofland- sis impoverishment; specific biodiversity reductionandbiocoeno- degradationecosystems; ofnatural 0 9417 1974-1975 1974-1975

In RT Forestry RT In Bukhara reddeer 1990 1171 1171 4420 3220 5687 4200 4425 Department 130 995 305 413 585 250 280 740 610 53 9019 1990-1991 1990-1991 37600 37600 2001 Number of rare animals animals rare of Number 1231 2948 1235 1382 111 625 100 186 145 280 600 180 153 470 418 002000 2000

1990 In Zapoved- In Including 7500 130 407 712 387 300 250 280 100 290 120 204 1200 1500 19 19 22 97 300 600 900 – 0 niks

2001 Screw-horned goat (Markhur) 5300 10,4 10,4 111 111 144 100 264 410 180 153 800 237 208

20 20 13 67 0

In Zakazniks In 1995 5980 3010 3205 380 380 149 890 910 240 29 29 13 15 26 – – – – 2001 8160 8160 1347 263 263 170 505 664 36 23 16 12 27 – – – – –

Main Trends of Biodiversity Transformation 88 90 99 52 99 30 54 29 103 96 42 47 103 103 34 103 42 103 88 30 96 47 99

A 47 54 29 103

N 103 99

I 38 29 90

C C 34 103 103 42 47 103 47 42 29 42 30 103 34 42 28 103 54 Zorkul Lake Zorkul Zorkul Lake Zorkul 103 103 99 30 29 103

b b 34

a 28 a 54 54 34 g 38 g r r 47

u u 93 50 47 38 M 103 M 30 Lake Karakul Karakul Lake Karakul 30 47 34 103 99 42 99 29 99 103 47 103 88 103 Yashilkul Lake 34 Yashilkul Lake Yashilkul 88 66 99 99 Pisces Reptilia Aves Mammalia disappeared species cities rivers Sarez Lake Sarez Sarez Lake Sarez 103 lakes and water reservoirs 34 cities rivers The Legend: The Legend: 60 lakes and water reservoirs 90 99

59 a a

a 30

d d

60 h

t h t k 66 k 61

34 a

a 99 88

un h un

j 34

n n

S G G

a 33

g g

102

60 P P

n n

a a

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m 56

a 64

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e B B

l l 61

99 u u 89 99

KYRGYZSTAN 48 KYRGYZSTAN

61 g g

39 z z

30 61 48 h h a

a 61

34 61 61 c c

Y Y 60 56

n n

a 93

V V Khorog Khorog 59 60 33 61 61 93 61 88 56 20 48 99 34

j 33 j n 59 n a 89 a P 96 57 P , , 60 , , , , , 73 74 75 45 30 67 72 75 79 61 56

u u

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a 78 33 61 Y Y 57 88 37 92 99 43 88 30 34 75 56 85 99 80 39 57 34 48 40 99 61 56 21 74 55 56 85 44 53 75 61 51 39 33 Kulyab 34 AFGHANISTAN

0 50 100 150 Km 150 100 50 0 0 50 100 150 Km 150 100 50 0 56

102

101 30

Kulyab

68 Kayrakkum reservoir Kayrakkum reservoir

, , , , ,

u u

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N N 99 18 37 100 24 24 3 34 91 51 51 86 62 1 84 4 51 83 68 71 34 61 43 63 65 60 33 76 61 84 3 102 34 19 88 60 58 59 30 100 76 37 33 62 21 86 66 23 67 71 80 63 34 60 61 j 61 j 16

n 68 n 85

a 96 72 a 96 46 53 53 78 41 31 69

P 83 P

76 n 63 76 51 36 77 a 71 91

h 40

s 43 61 72

n 30 19

v 64

a a 34 49

h 84 r 104 40 104 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 84

s e , 68 95 59 v Z 55 62 65 68 7181 84 78 86 80 94 95 23 24 25

a 63

72 100

r 94 68 76 61

h 51

30 s 69

h 61 h e k 39

s 6 Dushanbe Dushanbe a 68

60 34

67 33 61

Z 43

18 h

V 77

67 Kurgan-Tube 88 Kurgan-Tube k

80 a 37 27 V 4 37 33 56 61 31 89 36 80 36 5 77 67 1 33 3 61 102 89 96 5 67 11 77 24 59 40 56 60 102 40

61 33 33

n n 39

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a 31

g g

i 75

i 58 27

n 56 100

r r

i i 51 f f 104 12 a a

K K 56 22 62 56 61 59 43 40 65 34 49 53 86 46 74

a 63 y 87 15 81 33

r 31 79 39 , , , , , , , , 85

a 39

4 a 84 62 d 3 y 1 67 r 68 69 7084 102 72 74 u 61 a 10 m 40 d 36

A 55 u 79 69 m 59 34 KISTAN 57

68 A KISTAN 83 102 73 100 43 51 51 59 27 75 78 41 , , , , , , , , 33 89 93 26 33 4457 56 61 UZBE UZBE 74 75 , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , 67 73 7680 78 79 33 35 3759 57 60 58 Fig. 1.19. Fig. 1.19. Fig. 1.18. Fig. 1.18. Map-Schemedistribution of of threatened vertebrate species Map-Schemedistribution of ofthreatened plants species Republic of Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan First National Report on Biodiversity Conservation No. No. 37 36 Fig 1.18. 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 Cousinia agelocephala Tschern. Salsola drobovii Botsch Polycnemum perenneLitv Halocharis gossypina Korov.et Kinzikaeva Cleome Pop lipskyiM. Ungernia oligostroma Pop.etM. Vved Thuja orientalis L Allium elegansAllium Drob dolona Tragacantha et Rassul. Scharipova B. kuramensisAbduss Oxytropis astragaloidesOxytropis Boriss. Royle Boiss. mollis Keyserlingia Hedysarum Korotk hemithamnoides E. Ewersmannia sogdiana Ovcz Chesneya neplii Boriss subspongocarpusAstragalus Ovcz. et Rassul. Astragalus artemisiformis Rassul. Kudr Salvia gontscharovii Pobed Salvia glabricaulis Lipsky Salvia baldshuanica rhomboideaErianthera Benth Dracocephalum formosum Gontsch. Juno baldshuanica B. et Fedtsch. O. Vved. Stipa jagnobica Czuk Ovcz.et tolmaczeviiStroganovia Junussov Phaeonychium Junussov abalakovii Ovcz.et Arabidopsis bactriana Junussov Thelycrania darvasica Pojark Schischk schugnanicum Taraxacum Saussurea tadshikorum Iljin et Gontsch Saussurea caprifolia Iljin et Zapr mikeschiniiPyretrum Tzvel Jurinea tadshikistanicaIljin Jurinea pteroclada Iljin Jurinea impressinervisIljin Cousinia Kult hilariae Winkl C. corymbosa Cousinia Legend to «Map-scheme of Distribution of Threatened Plants Species» Plants of Distribution Threatened of to «Map-scheme Legend . Latin Names Latin . . .

. . 2 . . .

......

. . . .

46 46 38 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 1 Tulipa bifloriformis Vved Tulipa affinis Z. Botsch. Scilla raevskiana Regel Vved Gagea villosula Czug M.Gagea Pop.et holochiton Eremurus Vved tadshikorum Eremurus roseolus Vved Regel stipitatum Allium Allium rosenbachianum Regel Vved ophiophylum Allium Allium lipskyanum Vved Allium flavellum Vved Ivanova Boriss alekxeenkoanaTragacantha B. Fedtsch. et Allium ferganicum Vved Myrtama elegans Royle Tylosperma lignosa Willd. Botsch Rosa longisepala Koczk Pyrus cajon Zapr Prunus tadshikistanica Zapr Prunus darvasica Temberg Losinsk Fragaria bucharica Pulsatilla kostyczewii Korsh. Juz Kam Delphinium ovczinnikovii Pissjauk.ex Kam.et Delphinium Koczk decoloratum Ovcz.et L Punica granatum Turkev Primula lactiflora Zapr Dionysia involucrata Polygonum Czuk oczinnikovii Neogontscharovia miranda Lincz. Lincz Tulipa Hoog tubergeniana Tulipa subpraestansVved. Tulipa subquinquefolia Vved Tulipa roseaVved Tulipa maximowiczii Regel Tulipa linifolia Regel Tulipa lanata Regel Tulipa greigii Regel

. . . .

. .

. . . . 2 Ovcz. et Kinz et Ovcz. . . .

. .

. . .

. . . . . 1.18. Main Trends of Biodiversity Transformation

1.19.

MAMMALIA MAMMALIA Rhinolophus ferrumequinum SchreberRhinolophus Neophron percnopterus L. Neophron percnopterus Suncus etruscus Savi etruscus Suncus Miller Crocidura pergrisea Bechstein hipposideros Rhinolophus Charadrius mongolus pamirensis Richmond pamirensis Charadrius mongolus Vigors Ibidorhyncha struthersi pratincola L. Glareola Larus Jerd. brunnicephalus casiotis Bp. palumbus Columba Vig. leuconota Columba Pallas orientalis arenarius Pterocles tibetanaSyrrhaptes Gould. Antorini affinis galilejensis Apus Zarud. bilkevitchi lineatus Garrulax leucogaster Swain. paradisi Terpsiphone ruficauda Swainson Muscicapa Vigors scouleri scouleri Microcichla Vigors leucocephala Chaimarrornis Zarudny turkestanicus coeruleus Myophonus Severtzov sophiae sophiae Leptopoecile Brandt hypomelas hypomelas Paraechinus Ognev buchariensis Sorex Aquila chrysaetus daphanea Menzbier chrysaetus daphanea Aquila pennata Gmelin pennata Aquila Hume melaschistos Accipiter nisus cherrugFalco Dementijev coatsi Jerdon cherrugFalco milvipes Sclat. peregrinus babylonicus Falco Brandt griseogularis Ammoperdix Stolzm. turcomana daurica Perdix Tetraogallus tibetanus Gould. colchicus L. Phasianus L. tarda tarda Otis Gray macqueeni undulata Otis astutusHartert oedicnemus Burhinus 1 68 65 66 67 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 33 47

PISCES

AVES Latin Names Names Latin REPTILIA REPTILIA

Legend to «Map-schemeof DistributionVertebrates of Listed in the Red Data Book of Tajikistan» of Book Data in Red the CircaetusDementijev ferox heptneri L. haliaetus Pandion Ciconia nigra L. Ciconia Lath. indicus Anser Hume himalayensis Gyps Hutt hemachalanus barbatus Gypaetus Naja oxiana Eichward oxiana Naja Cernow turanica lebetina Vipera carinatusEchis Schneider Severtzov asiatica ciconia Ciconia Typhlops vermicularis Merrem vermicularis Typhlops Lichtenstein tataricus Eryx Nicolsky bicolor striatus Lycodon Annan. trigonatum melanocephala Boiga Eremias scripta Str. scripta Eremias Licht. grammica Eremias Strauch deserti Ablepharus Elpat. alaicus Ablepharus Daudin schneideri Eumeces Phrynocephalus sogdianus Cern. sogdianus Phrynocephalus Pallas mystaceus Phrynocephalus Daudin griseus Varanus et Szczerbak pherganensis scripta Eremias Washenko Teratoscincus scincus rustamowi Szczerbak. caspius EichwaldGymnodactylus Strauch loricatus loricatus Alsophylax Szczer- said-alievi helioscopus Phrynocephalus bak et Satt. Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi Kessler fedtschenkoi Pseudoscaphirhynchus esocinus Kessler Aspiolucius Kessler Barbus brachycephalus Weigmann eversmanni Crossobamon Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmannii Bogdanow kaufmannii Pseudoscaphirhynchus

1 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 1 Fig. 1.19. 31 32 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 19 20 21 22 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 No. First National Report on Biodiversity Conservation 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 1 Vulpes corsac turkmenica Ognev elaterAllactaga Lichtenstein Allactaga severtzovi Vinogradov leucura Hystrix satunini Muller Citellus oxianus fulvus Thomas Marmota menzbieri Aschk. Spermophilopsis leptodactylus Scullybactrianus Rafinesque teniotis Tadarida teniotis hemprichi Peters Otonycteris Eptesicus serotinus turcomanus Eversmann Eptesicus ogneviBobrinskoy Vespertilio Schreber serotinus Vespertilio savii Bonaparte darjelingensisBarbastella Plecotus auritus L. Kuhl mystacinus Myotis Myotis emarginatus Geoffroy Nyctalus noctula Schreb. et Ak. Rhinolophus Kastch. bocharicus

Ро

1.19.

48 48 101 100 104 103 102 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 1 Capra falconeri heptneri falconeri Zalkin Capra Guldenstaedt Gazella subgutturosa pardusPanthera ciscaucasica Satunin tigrisPanthera virgata Illiger Felis lynx isabellina Blyth Felis chaus oxiana Heptner Hyaena hyaenaL. lutra seistanicaLutra Birula Vormela peregusnakoshevnikovi Satunin Mustela eversmanni Putorius talassica Ognev. Mustela altaica sacana Thomas L.heptneri Turova Mustela nivalis pallida Barrett-Hamilton; Ursus arctos isabellinus Horsfield Cervus elaphus bactrianus Lydekker Ovis ammon poliiBlyth Nasonov zovi Ovis vignei bochariensis Nasonov: Uncia uncia Schreber

.v. severt-

М Pamir Pamir

1.19. .n.