THE EMERGENCE of DE-FACTO STANDARDS 328 SIMON DEN UIJL Increasingly, Companies Compete on Technologies That Bring Together Groups of Users in Two-Sided Networks
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Press Release: New and Revised Extensions for Accessible
Press release Leuven, Belgium, 8 November 2011 New and Revised Extensions for Accessible Document Creation with OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U.Leuven) today released an extension for OpenOffice.org Writer and LibreOffice Writer that enables users to evaluate and repair accessibility issues in word processing documents. “AccessODF” (http://sourceforge.net/p/accessodf/wiki/) is a freeware extension for OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice, two office suites that are freely available for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux/Unix and Solaris. At the same time, K.U.Leuven also releases new versions of two other extensions: odt2daisy (http://odt2daisy.sourceforge.net/) and odt2braille (http://odt2braille.sourceforge.net/). The former enables users to export word processing documents to digital talking books in the DAISY format; the latter enables exporting to Braille and printing on a Braille embosser. AccessODF, odt2daisy and odt2braille are being developed in the framework of the AEGIS project, an R&D project funded by the European Commission. The three extensions will be demonstrated at the AEGIS project’s Workshop and Conference, which take place in Brussels on 28-30 November 2011 (http://aegis-conference.eu/). AccessODF AccessODF is an extension that can be used in OpenOffice.org Writer and in LibreOffice Writer. It enables authors to find and repair accessibility issues in their documents, i.e. issues that make their documents difficult or even impossible to read for people with disabilities. This includes -
Biographies of Computer Scientists
1 Charles Babbage 26 December 1791 (London, UK) – 18 October 1871 (London, UK) Life and Times Charles Babbage was born into a wealthy family, and started his mathematics education very early. By . 1811, when he went to Trinity College, Cambridge, he found that he knew more mathematics then his professors. He moved to Peterhouse, Cambridge from where he graduated in 1814. However, rather than come second to his friend Herschel in the final examinations, Babbage decided not to compete for an honors degree. In 1815 he co-founded the Analytical Society dedicated to studying continental reforms of Newton's formulation of “The Calculus”. He was one of the founders of the Astronomical Society in 1820. In 1821 Babbage started work on his Difference Engine designed to accurately compile tables. Babbage received government funding to construct an actual machine, but they stopped the funding in 1832 when it became clear that its construction was running well over-budget George Schuetz completed a machine based on the design of the Difference Engine in 1854. On completing the design of the Difference Engine, Babbage started work on the Analytical Engine capable of more general symbolic manipulations. The design of the Analytical Engine was complete in 1856, but a complete machine would not be constructed for over a century. Babbage's interests were wide. It is claimed that he invented cow-catchers for railway engines, the uniform postal rate, a means of recognizing lighthouses. He was also interested in locks and ciphers. He was politically active and wrote many treatises. One of the more famous proposed the banning of street musicians. -
Architecture and Urbanism in the Middle East
Viewpoints Special Edition Architecture and Urbanism in the Middle East The Middle East Institute Middle East Institute The mission of the Middle East Institute is to promote knowledge of the Middle East in Amer- ica and strengthen understanding of the United States by the people and governments of the region. For more than 60 years, MEI has dealt with the momentous events in the Middle East — from the birth of the state of Israel to the invasion of Iraq. Today, MEI is a foremost authority on contemporary Middle East issues. It pro- vides a vital forum for honest and open debate that attracts politicians, scholars, government officials, and policy experts from the US, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. MEI enjoys wide access to political and business leaders in countries throughout the region. Along with information exchanges, facilities for research, objective analysis, and thoughtful commentary, MEI’s programs and publications help counter simplistic notions about the Middle East and America. We are at the forefront of private sector public diplomacy. Viewpoints is another MEI service to audiences interested in learning more about the complexities of issues affecting the Middle East and US relations with the region. To learn more about the Middle East Institute, visit our website at http://www.mideasti.org Cover photos, clockwise from the top left hand corner: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Imre Solt; © GFDL); Tripoli, Libya (Patrick André Perron © GFDL); Burj al Arab Hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Al Faisaliyah Tower in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Doha, Qatar skyline (Abdulrahman photo); Selimiye Mosque, Edirne, Turkey (Murdjo photo); Registan, Samarkand, Uzbekistan (Steve Evans photo). -
Attachments (PDF)
Key Questions for the Review of the Process for Setting NAAQS ! Timeliness of the NAAQS review process " What are your views on the timeliness and efficiency of the current process for both EPA's and CASAC's reviews of the air quality criteria and the NAAQS, in terms of the time that is spent between the start of the review and the publication of the Agency's proposed decisions on the standards? " Can you identify structural changes to the process and/or key documents (e.g., the Criteria Document, Staff Paper, Risk Assessment) or changes in the Agency's management of the process that could shorten this timeframe while preserving an appropriately comprehensive, transparent and policy-relevant review and allowing adequate opportunities for CASAC review and advice and for public comment on these documents? ! Consideration of the most recent available science " To enhance the Agency's ability to take the best and most recent available science into account in making decisions on the standards, can you suggest changes in the process and/or key documents that could shorten the time between the presumptive cutoff date for scientific studies evaluated in the review and reaching proposed decisions on the standards, or that could otherwise facilitate appropriate consideration of more recent studies? ! Distinctions between science and policy judgments " Recognizing that decisions on the standards, while based on the available science, also require policy judgments by the Administrator, what are your views on how clearly scientific information, conclusions, -
Convention Program
AAEESS 112244tthh CCOONNVVEENNTTIIOONN PPRROOGGRRAAMM May 17 – 20, 2008 RAI International Exhibition & Congress Centre, Amsterdam The AES has launched a new opportunity to recognize 1University of Salford, Salford, Greater student members who author technical papers. The Stu- Manchester, UK dent Paper Award Competition is based on the preprint 2ICW, Ltd., Wrexham, Wales, UK manuscripts accepted for the AES convention. Forty-two student-authored papers were nominated. This paper gives an account of work carried out The excellent quality of the submissions has made the to assess the effects of metallized film selection process both challenging and exhilarating. polypropylene crossover capacitors on key sonic The award-winning student paper will be honored dur- attributes of reproduced sound. The capacitors ing the convention, and the student-authored manuscript under investigation were found to be mechani- will be published in a timely manner in the Journal of the cally resonant within the audio frequency band, Audio Engineering Society. and results obtained from subjective listening Nominees for the Student Paper Award were required tests have shown this to have a measurable to meet the following qualifications: effect on audio delivery. The listening test methodology employed in this study evolved (a) The paper was accepted for presentation at the from initial ABX type tests with set program AES 124th Convention. material to the final A/B tests where trained test (b) The first author was a student when the work was subjects used program material that they were conducted and the manuscript prepared. familiar with. The main findings were that (c) The student author’s affiliation listed in the manu- capacitors used in crossover circuitry can exhibit script is an accredited educational institution. -
Economic Basis for Open Standards, Yale OSIS Conference
Open Formats ODF vs OOXML Italo Vignoli De Jure vs De Facto Standards ● A de facto standard refers to a significant market share ● A de jure standard is based on a collective agreement ● As such they are innately different, as are their value and effect on the market ● De jure standards for document formats ● Foster interoperability, create network externalities, prevent lock-in, cut transaction costs, create a transparent market and reduce variety ● De facto standards for document formats ● Tend to be the exact opposite, to increase supplier- dependence and create an obfuscated market Definition of Open Standard ● Promotes a healthy competitive market (the existence of Open Standards reduces the risk and cost of market entry, and so encourages multiple suppliers) ● Reduces the risk to an organisation of being technologically locked-in ● Is a basis for interoperability, which supports systems heterogeneity, thereby increasing options for organisations ● Offers a basis for long-term access and reuse of digital assets, and in particular when supported by Open Source Reference Implementations FOSS and Open Standards ● Support open standards wherever possible ● When given an alternative, prefer the most open standard that solves the problem ● Use open standards in every project activity ● Get involved in standards committees ● Help to develop and promote new standards Open Format ● Independent from a single product: anyone can write a software that handles an open format ● Interoperable: allows the transparent sharing of data between heterogeneous -
282 Newsletter
NEWSLETTER #282 COUNTY SALES P.O. Box 191 November-December 2006 Floyd,VA 24091 www.countysales.com PHONE ORDERS: (540) 745-2001 FAX ORDERS: (540) 745-2008 WELCOME TO OUR COMBINED CHRISTMAS CATALOG & NEWSLETTER #282 Once again this holiday season we are combining our last Newsletter of the year with our Christmas catalog of gift sugges- tions. There are many wonderful items in the realm of BOOKs, VIDEOS and BOXED SETS that will make wonderful gifts for family members & friends who love this music. Gift suggestions start on page 10—there are some Christmas CDs and many recent DVDs that are new to our catalog this year. JOSH GRAVES We are saddened to report the death of the great dobro player, Burkett Graves (also known as “Buck” ROU-0575 RHONDA VINCENT “Beautiful Graves and even more as “Uncle Josh”) who passed away Star—A Christmas Collection” This is the year’s on Sept. 30. Though he played for other groups like Wilma only new Bluegrass Christmas album that we are Lee & Stoney Cooper and Mac Wiseman, Graves was best aware of—but it’s a beauty that should please most known for his work with Lester Flatt & Earl Scruggs, add- Bluegrass fans and all ing his dobro to their already exceptional sound at the height Rhonda Vincent fans. of their popularity. The first to really make the dobro a solo Rhonda has picked out a instrument, Graves had a profound influence on Mike typical program of mostly standards (JINGLE Auldridge and Jerry Douglas and the legions of others who BELLS, AWAY IN A have since made the instrument a staple of many Bluegrass MANGER, LET IT bands everywhere. -
THE UTION and ~~X,Mt C',D,~N~'W of T~CHNOLOGY
THE UTION AND ~~x,mT c',D,~n~'w OF T~CHNOLOGY J S~SKATE, INC. THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE TECHNOLOGY A Technical Report prepared for The National Committee on Criminal Justice Technology National Institute of Justice By SEASKATE, INC. 555 13th Street, NW 3rd Floor, West Tower Washington, DC 20004 July 1, 1998 This project was supported under Grant 95-IJ-CX-K001(S-3) from the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. PROPERTY OF National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRSJ Box 6000 Rockville, MD 20849-6000~ ~ ...... 0 0 THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE TECHNOLOGY THIS PUBLICATION CONTAINS BOTH AN OVERVIEW AND FULL-LENGTH VERSIONS OF OUR REPORT ON POLICE TECHNOLOGY. PUBLISHING THE TWO VERSIONS TOGETHER ACCOUNTS FOR SOME DUPLICATION OF TEXT. THE OVERVIEW IS DESIGNED TO BE A BRIEF SURVEY OF THE SUBJECT. THE TECHNICAL REPORT IS MEANT FOR READERS SEEKING DETAILED INFORMATION. o°° 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................. VI OVERVIEW REPORT INTRODUCTION ..............................................................1 PART ONE:THE HISTORY AND THE EMERGING FEDERAL ROLE ................................ 2 THE POLITICAL ERA ........................................................ 2 THE PROFESSIONALMODEL ERA ................................................ 2 TECHNOLOGY AND THE -
Pci Express High Performance Reference Design
Pci Express High Performance Reference Design Atheistical Higgins always capitulate his birthmarks if Morse is maneuverable or modified versatilely. Waylan razzes articulately while exhalant John-Patrick prices unseemly or slap sluggishly. Husein usually sockets sympodially or transilluminate boringly when terminative Hart renew paratactically and verbosely. Apply external descriptor in pci express performance reference design team also fetches the directory and recover from Install the performance hierarchy ranks all these rules are trademarks are absolutely essential for pci express high performance reference design kits, and free pcie devices such as well within pcie hip. TCL script will suddenly run. For assault with other types of PHY, shipping, enabling designers to attach his own controllers for PCI Express process available GTYP and GTY transceivers. Make analyses quickly discover how to pci express high performance reference design passed compliance platforms such as pci express. Benchmark numbers of pci express designs, high performance instead of the designed and produce multiple packets on this optional ecrc is not shown below. New Features and Enhancements. One or other platforms are compatible with the network interfaces such as slave, the reference design phase with test application or if very least. Reset all the pci express digital engineers for the pci express high performance reference design? Images are still loading. Set up the performance dma sends multiple completions in data mover also uses cookies do not able to be handled in our functions commonly required to. Do get rid of pci express in high level programing language. Start the memory read we write DMA operation simutaniously. We thank them to pci express high performance reference design goal of pci express and used in high data center equipment, but type make changes. -
4. MPEG Layer-3 Audio Encoding
MPEG Layer-3 An introduction to MPEG Layer-3 K. Brandenburg and H. Popp Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen (IIS) MPEG Layer-3, otherwise known as MP3, has generated a phenomenal interest among Internet users, or at least among those who want to download highly-compressed digital audio files at near-CD quality. This article provides an introduction to the work of the MPEG group which was, and still is, responsible for bringing this open (i.e. non-proprietary) compression standard to the forefront of Internet audio downloads. 1. Introduction The audio coding scheme MPEG Layer-3 will soon celebrate its 10th birthday, having been standardized in 1991. In its first years, the scheme was mainly used within DSP- based codecs for studio applications, allowing professionals to use ISDN phone lines as cost-effective music links with high sound quality. In 1995, MPEG Layer-3 was selected as the audio format for the digital satellite broadcasting system developed by World- Space. This was its first step into the mass market. Its second step soon followed, due to the use of the Internet for the electronic distribution of music. Here, the proliferation of audio material – coded with MPEG Layer-3 (aka MP3) – has shown an exponential growth since 1995. By early 1999, “.mp3” had become the most popular search term on the Web (according to http://www.searchterms.com). In 1998, the “MPMAN” (by Saehan Information Systems, South Korea) was the first portable MP3 player, pioneering the road for numerous other manufacturers of consumer electronics. “MP3” has been featured in many articles, mostly on the business pages of newspapers and periodicals, due to its enormous impact on the recording industry. -
HTL-Civilization & Writing TG
Civilization and Writing CL949-1CV CLEARVUE/eav THE MOST COMPLETE SOURCE FOR CURRICULUM-ORIENTED A-V MATERIALS History through Literature Civilization and Writing Program #CL949-1CV Running Time—???? Table of Contents Summary . .3 Intended Audience . 4 Presenting the Program . 4 Learning Objectives . 4 History in the Program . 5 Literature in the Program . 5 Key Words and Concepts . 6 Pre-Viewing Suggestions . 7 Discussion: Linking Parts of the Series . 7 Discussion: Introducing the Program and Its Key Words and Concepts . 7 Post-Viewing Suggestions . 8 Content Questions: History . 8 H.O.T. Topics: History . 8 Content Questions: Literature . 9 H.O.T. Topics: Literature . 9 Discussion: Linking Parts of the Series . 11 In-Depth Research . 12 Extra History Study . 12 Extra Literature Study . 12 Chronologies: Class Discussion and Extra Study . 13 Chronology of History Chart: Ancient Civilizations . 14 Chronology of Literature Chart: Ancient Civilizations . 15 Cross-Curricular Explorations . 16 Transcript . 16 Consultants for the Series . 23 Credits . .23 Intended for students in junior high school and above. This program is closed captioned. © CLEARVUE/eav (1-800-253-2788) TEACHER’S GUIDE Summary Civilization and Writing is part of a 12-video History ken traditions, including sacred epics such as the through Literature series that examines the Vedas and philosophical traditions such as the Book connections between historical events and the literary of Changes. The program also briefly describes the figures and works of each era. Other titles in the series Olmecs and other early civilizations of the Americas. are listed on the back of this Teacher’s Guide. Then the program examines several “crossroads civi- The opening scene of Civilization and Writing is a lizations” that arose because of long-distance trade tale from oral tradition that was first written down between other highly organized societies. -
An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Material Measurement Laboratory
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY MATERIAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY FISCAL YEAR 2014 Panel on Review of the Material Measurement Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Committee on NIST Technical Programs Laboratory Assessments Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the authoring panel responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract No. S81341-12-CQ-0036 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-36740-0 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-36740-9 Copies of this report are available from Laboratory Assessments Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences National Research Council 500 Fifth Street, NW #928 Washington, DC 20001 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.