This presentation contains 24 animals that are under threat in central NSW and/or across Australia.

Prepared for the Tools, Totems and Tucker Enviro-­‐Stories Education Program by PeeKdesigns, 2014 — Scientific Name: Litoria booroolongenis

— Type: Amphibian — Conservation Status: Endangered — Threats: — Loss of habitat — Damage to waterways by stock — Predation of eggs and tadpoles by introduced fish — Weed invasion — Disease -­‐ chytrid fungus — Changes to water quality — Streams drying up

Photo: Namoi CMA — Scientific Name: Hoplocephalus bungaroides

— Type: Reptile — Conservation Status: Endangered — Threats: — Vehicles -­‐ road kill — Removal of bushrock — Unintentional or intentional killing of snakes discovered during outdoor activities. — Illegal collection of individuals by reptile collectors — Removal of large hollow-­‐bearing trees — Damage to habitat by feral goats — Scientific Name: Climacteris picumnus victoriae

— Type: Bird — Conservation Status: Vulnerable — Threats: — Loss of habitat through rural and urban development, firewood collection, overgrazing and too-­‐ frequent fires — Fragmentation of woodland and forest remnants which isolates populations and causes local extinctions — Loss of ground litter from compaction and overgrazing Photo: I. Taylor — Scientific Name: Petrogale penicillata — Type: Mammal — Conservation Status: Endangered — Threats: — Loss, degradation and fragmentation of habitat. — Predation by foxes, dogs and cats. — Competition with feral goats. — Fire reducing the abundance and diversity of ground forage. — Scientific Name: Burhinus grallarius — Type: Bird — Conservation Status: Endangered — Threats: — Predation by foxes and cats — Trampling of eggs by cattle — Clearance of woodland habitat for agricultural and residential development. — Modification and destruction of ground habitat through removal of litter and fallen timber, introduction of exotic pasture grasses, grazing and frequent fires Photo: P. Spark — Scientific Name: Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis

— Type: Mammal — Conservation Status: Vulnerable — Threats: — Damage to or disturbance of roosting caves, particularly during winter or breeding — Loss of foraging habitat — Application of pesticides in or adjacent to foraging areas — Predation by feral cats and foxes

Photo: L. Hall www.allaboutbats.org.au — Scientific Name: Tandanus tandanus — Type: Fish — Conservation Status: Endangered Population

— Threats: — Changed waterways — Pollution — Siltation — Competition from introduced species (carp) — Predation from introduced species — Scientific Name: Anomalopus mackayi — Type: Reptile — Conservation Status: Endangered — Threats: — Land clearing for agriculture — Overgrazing compacts the soil, making it difficult for the species to find suitable shelter — Removal of ground litter, fallen timber and logs — Use of agricultural chemicals — Predation and competition from feral species e.g. pigs

Photo: P. Spark — Scientific Name: Calyptorhynchus lathami

— Type: Bird — Conservation Status: Vulnerable — Threats: — Reduction of suitable habitat through clearing for development. — Loss of tree hollows. — Excessively frequent fire which reduces the abundance and recovery of she-­‐oaks and also may destroy nest trees. — Illegal bird smuggling and egg-­‐ collecting Photo: M. Eller — Scientific Name: Macrotis lagotis — Type: Mammal — Conservation Status: Endangered (Qld), Extinct (NSW)

— Threats: — Habitat destruction — Grazing of stock — Changed fire regimes — Competition from introduced species like rabbits, goats and pigs — Predation by cats, dingoes and foxes

Photo: H. Hughes — Scientific Name: Morelia spilota metcalfei

— Type: Reptile — Conservation Status: Vulnerable — Threats: — Loss of, or reduced, habitat (e.g. tree hollows, fallen timber) — Predation by foxes and cats — Poisoning through eating poisoned rodents — Killings by people, intentionally or accidentally (e.g. road kills) — Poaching -­‐ illegal collection by reptile fanciers and/or for the pet trade Photo: Mallee CMA — Scientific Name: Phascolarctos cinereus

— Type: Mammal — Conservation Status: Vulnerable — Threats: — Loss, modification and fragmentation of habitat — Predation by feral and domestic dogs — Intense fires that scorch or kill the tree canopy — Road-­‐kills — Human-­‐induced climate change, especially drought Photo: Wikipedia — Scientific Name: Chalinolobus dwyeri — Type: Mammal — Conservation Status: Vulnerable — Threats: — Clearing and isolation of forest and woodland habitats near cliffs, caves and old mine workings — Loss of foraging habitat — Damage to roosting and maternity sites — Use of pesticides — Disturbance to roosting areas by goats Photo: L. Hall www.allaboutbats.org.au — Scientific Name: Macquaria australasica

— Type: Fish — Conservation Status: Endangered — Threats: — Changes in water quality — Modification of natural river flows and temperatures — Spawning failures resulting from cold water releases from dams — Competition from introduced fish species such as trout and redfin perch — Diseases such as EHN (epizootic Illustration: P. Tully haematopoietic necrosis) www.dpi.nsw.gov.au — Scientific Name: Leipoa ocellata — Type: Bird — Conservation Status: Endangered (NSW), Vulnerable Aust ( )

— Threats: — Loss of habitat due to clearing — Fragmentation of habitat reducing population sizes — Fires – nesting mounds are not usually constructed in an area within 15-­‐20 years after a fire — Predation by foxes and cats — Accidental losses e.g. road kill — Climate change is a long term threat — Scientific Name: Maccullochella peelii — Type: Fish — Conservation Status: Vulnerable — Threats: — In-­‐stream and stream-­‐bank habitat loss — Changed water regime through the impoundment of natural riverine habitat by dams and weirs — the adult breeding population has been, and is still, unsustainably low

Photo: Melbourne Aquarium — Scientific Name: Pedionomus torquatus

— Type: Bird — Conservation Status: Endangered (NSW), Vulnerable (Aust.)

— Threats: — Loss of habitat — Fire may destroy ground cover — Pesticides can impact the Plains-­‐ wanderer either directly or via their food supply. — Feral pest animals such as the fox, feral cat and rabbit can negatively impact on the Plains-­‐wanderer and its habitat — Scientific Name: Mogurnda adspersa — Type: Fish — Conservation Status: Threatened — Threats: — Competition and other interactions with alien fish such Gambusia as and Redfin perch — Fluctuations in water levels with river regulation

Photo: G. Schmida www.dpi.nsw.gov.au — Scientific Name: Anthochaera phrygia — Type: Bird — Conservation Status: Critically Endangered

— Threats: — Loss, fragmentation and degradation of habitat from clearing (particularly Box Gum Grassy Woodlands) — Loss of key habitat tree species — Competition from larger, more aggressive honeyeaters — Egg and nest predation Photo: C. Tzaros www.birdsinbackyards.net — Scientific Name: Crinia sloanei — Type: Amphibian — Conservation Status: Vulnerable — Threats: — Degradation of habitat and water quality — Climate impacts like droughts can impact breeding sites — Changes in water availability, flow and flooding regimes in creeks, rivers, floodplains and wetlands — Possible impact from the chytrid fungus Photo: P. Robertson www.biodiversitysnapshots.net.au — Scientific Name: Dasyurus maculatus — Type: Mammal — Conservation Status: Vulnerable (NSW), Endangered (Aust.)

— Threats: — Loss, fragmentation and degradation of habitat — Accidental poisoning during wild dog and fox control programs — Competition with introduced predators such as cats and foxes

Photo: J. Evans — Scientific Name: Petaurus norfolcensis — Type: Mammal — Conservation Status: Vulnerable — Threats: — Loss, fragmentation and degradation of habitat — Loss of hollow-­‐bearing trees — Loss of flowering shrubs in forests — Barded wire fences — Loss of available hollows due to takeover by feral honeybees and exotic birds

Photo: Wirraminna EEC — Scientific Name: Sminthopsis macroura

— Type: Mammal — Conservation Status: Vulnerable — Threats: — Clearing of dry grassland and shrubland for agriculture — Heavy grazing and trampling by domestic stock — Frequent and extensive fires — Predation by feral cats and foxes — Removal of fallen timber

Photo: P. Spark — Scientific Name: Lathamus discolor — Type: Bird — Conservation Status: Endangered — Threats: — Loss of habitat clearning through for agriculture and urban development — Collision with wire netting fences, windows and cars, during the breeding season and winter migration

* The Swift parrot breeds in Tasmania during spring and summer, then migrates to the mainland in autumn and winter.