DOCSLIB.ORG

1526 Crc Ts #11

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1526 Crc Ts #11 CRC for Australian Weed Management #11 Technical Series Impact of weeds on threatened biodiversity in New South Wales Technical Series #11 • Impact of weeds on threatened biodiversity in New South Wales Series #11 • Impact of weeds on threatened Technical Aaron Coutts-Smith and Paul Downey Pest Management Unit, Parks and Wildlife Division Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) Acknowledgments The authors thank the Royal Botanic Gardens Trust (BGT) for kindly supplying distribution data on native plants and weeds in New South Wales (NSW) and the NSW Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) for allowing access to internal data sets, listings of NSW threatened species and to the determinations of the NSW Scientific Committee. The authors also thank: Shaan Gresser (DEC) for compiling the initial data set and for entering a large proportion of the data; Mike Saxon (DEC) for providing access to profiles of the NSW threatened species prior to their public release; Gary Chapple (BGT) for assistance in acquiring data and ascribing the data to the 13 Natural Resource Management regions in New South Wales; and to Paul Mahon (DEC) for input to the development of the threat hierarchy. Many individuals provided assistance throughout the project, for which the authors are grateful, including the following DEC staff: Hillary Cherry, James Dawson, Andrew Leys, Kylie McClelland, Chris Togher and Graham Wilson, and from the CRC for Australian Weed Management (Weeds CRC) Kelly Scott, Sally Vidler and Rita Reitano. Financial assistance for this project was provided by the Weeds CRC and the DEC, without which this project could not have been completed. The authors also thank the Weeds CRC for publishing the report as part of their Technical Series. Finally, the authors thank Dr Rachel McFadyen (Weeds CRC) and Dr Tony Grice (CSIRO) for advice on structure and content of the report. In addition, we thank Dr Grice for providing comments on earlier versions of the report and Dr Richard Groves (CSIRO) and Dr Scott King (DEC) for reviewing the manuscript prior to publication and Catherine Munro for editorial advice. Impact of weeds on threatened biodiversity in New South Wales Impact of weeds on threatened CRC for Australian Weed Management Technical Series no. 11 August 2006 Copyright © CRC for Australian Weed Management 2006 This book is copyright. Except as permitted under the Australian Copyright Act 1968 (Commonwealth) and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries and additional copies: CRC for Australian Weed Management, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064 Australia Telephone: (61) (08) 8303 6590 Fax: (61) (08) 8303 7311 Email: [email protected] www.weeds.crc.org.au ISBN 1-920932-56-9 Front cover: Blackberry infestation at Pound Creek near Tumbarumba, NSW. Photo: CSIRO Entomology This report should be cited as: Coutts-Smith, A.J. and Downey, P.O. (2006). Impact of weeds on threatened biodiversity in New South Wales. Technical Series no. 11, CRC for Australian Weed Management, Adelaide. Disclaimer: This publication is provided for the purpose of disseminating information relating to scientific and technical matters. Participating organisations of the Weeds CRC do not accept liability for any loss and/or damage, including financial loss, resulting from the reliance upon any information, advice or recommendations contained in this publication. The contents of this publication should not necessarily be taken to represent the views of the participating organisations. ii CRC for Australian Weed Management • Impact of weeds on threatened biodiversity in New South Wales Table of contents biodiversity in New South Wales Impact of weeds on threatened List of tables iv List of figures vi List of acronyms vii Executive summary 1 Method 1 Threatened biodiversity examined 1 Weeds relative to other threats 1 Weeds 1 Garden escapes 2 Spatial analysis 2 Concluding comment 2 1. Introduction: biodiversity decline and weeds 3 1.1 Causes of biodiversity decline 3 1.2 Alien species introductions 3 1.3 Alien plants: an Australian perspective 3 1.4 Assessing the impacts of alien plants on biodiversity 4 2. Development of a data set on the threats to biodiversity within New South Wales 5 2.1 The data set 5 2.2 Assessment of the threat information 7 2.3 Analysis of the data set 10 3. An overview of threatened biodiversity in New South Wales 13 3.1 Nationally threatened species that occur within New South Wales 13 3.2 Biodiversity listed under New South Wales threatened species legislation 13 3.3 Distribution of threatened and non-threatened species throughout New South Wales 16 4. An overview of the major threats to biodiversity in New South Wales 19 4.1 Analysis of the major threat categories 19 4.2 Examination of the data set using the threats listed as Key Threatening Processes in New South Wales 21 4.3 Threatening processes not currently listed as Key Threatening Processes 22 5. The impacts of weeds on threatened biodiversity 25 5.1 The impact of weeds relative to the threat from alien animals 25 5.2 The relative threat posed by weeds compared to other threats 26 5.3 The threat posed by weeds 27 5.4 The impact of weeds on threatened plant and animal species 28 5.5 Actions identified by which weeds threaten biodiversity 30 6. The impact of specific weed species on biodiversity 31 6.1 Weeds impacting on biodiversity 31 6.2 Number of weed species threatening biodiversity in New South Wales 32 6.3 The most commonly identified weed species posing a threat to biodiversity 33 6.4 Impact of the Weeds of National Significance on threatened biodiversity in New South Wales 37 6.5 Impact of weeds on biodiversity listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 that occur in New South Wales 38 6.6 Assessing the origins of introduction of the weeds threatening biodiversity in New South Wales 39 6.7 The impact of garden escapes on threatened biodiversity 40 6.8 The impact of ‘weedy’ native species 42 CRC for Australian Weed Management • Impact of weeds on threatened biodiversity in New South Wales iii 7. A spatial analysis of weed threats 45 7.1 Regional distribution of weeds 45 7.2 Spatial comparisons between threatened species and weeds 49 8. Discussion and implications 53 8.1 The relative threat of weeds compared with other threatening processes 53 8.2 Assessing the impact of weeds on biodiversity 53 8.3 Weeds of National Significance and their impacts on biodiversity 55 8.4 Increasing our knowledge 55 8.5 Limiting future impacts 56 8.6 Implications for managing weed threats under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 57 8.7 Assessing the impact to biodiversity more generally 58 8.8 Conclusion 58 References 59 Appendix 1 67 Appendix 2 69 Appendix 3 73 Impact of weeds on threatened biodiversity in New South Wales Impact of weeds on threatened Appendix 4 89 List of tables Table 2.1 The number and sources of threat information used, and the number of threat descriptions identified 6 Table 2.2 The seven main threat categories used in the threat hierarchy developed here, compared with those used by Wilcove et al (1998) and Lawler et al (2002) 7 Table 2.3 A summary of the threat hierarchy for alien species 8 Table 2.4 The number of threats within each threat category of the hierarchy 9 Table 3.1 The status of the biodiversity listed under the Commonwealth’s Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) as at January 1, 2005 14 Table 3.2 Status of the biodiversity listed under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and the NSW Fisheries Management Act 1994, as at January 1, 2005 14 Table 3.3 Status of plant and animal species in New South Wales 15 Table 3.4 The proportion of species listed as threatened in each of the three geographic zones in New 16 South Wales Table 3.5 The proportion of species listed as threatened in each of the 13 Natural Resource Management regions in New South Wales 17 Table 4.1 Threatened biodiversity in New South Wales encompassed by each of the seven major threat categories in the threat hierarchy 20 iv CRC for Australian Weed Management • Impact of weeds on threatened biodiversity in New South Wales Table 4.2 Threat posed by the processes within each of the major threat categories in the threat biodiversity in New South Wales Impact of weeds on threatened hierarchy to threatened plant and animal species in New South Wales 21 Table 5.1 The relative threat of weeds to biodiversity listed under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and NSW Fisheries Management Act 1994, compared with other Key Threatening Process categories 26 Table 5.2 The biodiversity threatened by weeds listed as Key Threatening Processes under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, as at January 1, 2005 27 Table 5.3 The threatened biodiversity threatened by weeds in New South Wales 27 Table 5.4 Endangered and Vulnerable species threatened by weeds in New South Wales 28 Table 5.5 The threat posed by weeds to threatened species in New South Wales 29 Table 5.6 The actions by which weeds were identified to pose a threat to threatened biodiversity in New South Wales 30 Table 6.1 Threatened biodiversity for which a specific weed threat was identified 31 Table 6.2 The major weed groups threatening biodiversity in New South Wales 33 Table 6.3 The 20 most commonly identified
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents Plenary Using ecological site information to evaluate the probabilities and effects of Joel Brown Page 6 restoration Andrew Campbell The last four decades of land repair in Australia: what have we learnt? Page 6 Kingsley Dixon Restoring the island continent Page 6 Restoring species rich and functionally complex grassy communities – feasible Paul Gibson-Roy Page 7 or fiction? Pollination services in restoration – comparing intact and degraded Caroline Gross Page 7 communities provides assembly rules for restoring cleared landscapes Where to from here? Challenges for restoration and revegetation in a fast- Richard Hobbs Page 8 changing world Thomas Jones Ecosystem restoration: recent advances in theory and practice Page 8 Tein McDonald National standards for the practice of ecological restoration in Australia Page 9 David Norton Upscaling the restoration effort – a New Zealand perspective Page 9 A changing climate, considerations for future ecological management and Kristen Williams Page 10 restoration Keynote Linda Broadhurst Restoration genetics – how far have we come and we are we going? Page 10 Turquoise is the new green: riparian restoration and revegetation in the Samantha Capon Page 10 Anthropocene Carla Catterall Fauna: passengers and drivers in vegetation restoration Page 11 Veronica Doerr Landscape connectivity: do we have the right science to make a difference? Page 11 Josh Dorrough Grazing management for biodiversity conservation Page 12 Invasive species and their impacts on agri-ecosystems: issues and solutions
    [Show full text]
  • Asparagus Densiflorus SCORE: 15.0 RATING: High Risk (Kunth) Jessop
    TAXON: Asparagus densiflorus SCORE: 15.0 RATING: High Risk (Kunth) Jessop Taxon: Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop Family: Asparagaceae Common Name(s): asparagus fern Synonym(s): Asparagopsis densiflora Kunth foxtail fern Asparagus myriocladus Baker plume asparagus Protasparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Oberm. regal fern Sprenger's asparagus fern Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 16 Feb 2021 WRA Score: 15.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Tuberous Geophyte, Naturalized, Environmental Weed, Dense Cover, Bird-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Name: Acacia Common Name: Wattle Family: Fabaceae Origin: Australia and Africa Habit: Various Habitats Author: Diana Hughes, Mullumbimby
    Botanical Name: Acacia Common Name: Wattle Family: Fabaceae Origin: Australia and Africa Habit: various habitats Author: Diana Hughes, Mullumbimby I like to turn to PlantNET-FloraOnline to learn more about plants. Here you will find a wealth of information about plants, their growing habits and distribution. Much can be learnt from Latin names given, plus the variety of common names attributed to each plant. A more familiar name for Acacia is Wattle - Australia's floral emblem, in this case Acacia pycantha, Golden Wattle, which is native to South Eastern Australia. We have beautiful wattles in our region, most of which are coming into flower now. Mullumbimby is famous for the rare Acacia bakeri, (Marblewood), a rainforest species. It is found on the banks of the Brunswick River, with insignificant white flowers, hidden in glossy leaves. Searches through several websites confirm my fears that many Acacias are considered as needing 'environmental management' - meaning they have weed potential. But who could find a field of beautiful Queensland Silver Wattle an unpleasant sight? Negatively they are 'seeders', and positively, they are nitrogen fixers. Managing the four species in my garden is a pleasure. My pride and joy is an Acacia macradenia, or Zig Zag wattle because its phyllodes (leaves) are arranged in that manner along weeping branches. It's about to flower for the 6th year. Motorists stop to photograph it as it is such a sight. I prune it hard each year. My rear raised garden bed holds 3 different species. The well-known Queensland Silver Wattle, or Mt Morgan wattle (Acacia podalyriifolia) is now flowering.
    [Show full text]
  • NSW Weeds Conference Program
    16th NSW Weeds Conference Proceedings 18th - 21st of July, 2011 Pacific Bay Conference Centre, Coffs Harbour Proudly hosted by Thank you to our Gold Sponsors Silver Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Introduction: The NSW Weeds Conference held in Coffs harbour 18-22 June 2011, is the 16th in a series organised by NSW Department of Primary Industries in partnership with various other organisations. The 2011 Conference was organised in partnership with Coffs Harbour City Council, NSW North Coast Weeds Advisory Committee, The Weed Society of NSW Inc. and NSW Weed Officers Association. Organising Committee: Rod Ensbey, NSW Department of Primary Industries Birgitte Verbeek, NSW Department of Primary Industries Tony Cook, NSW Department of Primary Industries Warwick Felton, Weeds Society of New South Wales Inc. Tim Scanlon, National Parks & Wildlife Service Reece Luxton, Clarence Valley Council David Merrikin, Northern Rivers Catchment Management Authority Ian Turnbull, Bellingen Shire Council Barry Powells, Coffs Harbour City Council Conference organiser: Michelle Aubert, Coffs Harbour City Council Citation: Proceedings of 16th NSW Weeds Conference, Coffs Harbour, July 2011 Disclaimer: The contents of these proceedings have undergone limited editorial or peer review. Papers have been critiqued (reviewers) for incorrect information, excessively controversial content and politically sensitive or libellous information prior to their publication. Paper Reviewers: Rod Ensbey Birgitte Verbeek Elissa van Oosterhout Phillip Blackmore Alan Maguire Peter Gray Tony Cook ISBN 978 1 74256 211 7 Monday 18th of July Registration from 4.30pm – Foyer Pacific Bay Conference Centre. Welcome Reception 5.30pm – 7.00pm Amongst the trade display, Pacific Bay Conference Centre. Day 1 – Tuesday 19th of July Opening Session - Auditorium Chair Bruce Christie, Principal Director Biosecurity NSW DPI 8.30 Welcome to Country 8.35 Conference Welcome – Mayor Keith Rhoades, Coffs Harbour City Council, President of the Local Government Association 8.45 Conference Opening - Minister for Primary Industries, Hon.
    [Show full text]
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Plants Sixth Edition Sixth Edition AUSTRALIAN Native Plants Cultivation, Use in Landscaping and Propagation
    AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS SIXTH EDITION SIXTH EDITION AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS Cultivation, Use in Landscaping and Propagation John W. Wrigley Murray Fagg Sixth Edition published in Australia in 2013 by ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Reed New Holland an imprint of New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd Sydney • Auckland • London • Cape Town Many people have helped us since 1977 when we began writing the first edition of Garfield House 86–88 Edgware Road London W2 2EA United Kingdom Australian Native Plants. Some of these folk have regrettably passed on, others have moved 1/66 Gibbes Street Chatswood NSW 2067 Australia to different areas. We endeavour here to acknowledge their assistance, without which the 218 Lake Road Northcote Auckland New Zealand Wembley Square First Floor Solan Road Gardens Cape Town 8001 South Africa various editions of this book would not have been as useful to so many gardeners and lovers of Australian plants. www.newhollandpublishers.com To the following people, our sincere thanks: Steve Adams, Ralph Bailey, Natalie Barnett, www.newholland.com.au Tony Bean, Lloyd Bird, John Birks, Mr and Mrs Blacklock, Don Blaxell, Jim Bourner, John Copyright © 2013 in text: John Wrigley Briggs, Colin Broadfoot, Dot Brown, the late George Brown, Ray Brown, Leslie Conway, Copyright © 2013 in map: Ian Faulkner Copyright © 2013 in photographs and illustrations: Murray Fagg Russell and Sharon Costin, Kirsten Cowley, Lyn Craven (Petraeomyrtus punicea photograph) Copyright © 2013 New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd Richard Cummings, Bert
    [Show full text]
  • Ripple-Leaf Muttonwood (Rapanea Species a Richmond River) July 2004 © NSW Department of Environment and Conservation, 2004
    Approved NSW & National Recovery Plan Ripple-leaf Muttonwood (Rapanea species A Richmond River) July 2004 © NSW Department of Environment and Conservation, 2004. This work is copyright. However, material presented in this plan may be copied for personal use or published for educational purposes, providing that any extracts are fully acknowledged. Apart from this and any other use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior written permission from NSW Department of Environment and Conservation. NSW Department of Environment and Conservation 43 Bridge Street (PO Box 1967) Hurstville NSW 2220 Tel: 02 9585 6444 www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au Requests for information or comments regarding the recovery program for the Ripple-leaf Muttonwood (Rapanea species A Richmond River) are best directed to: The Ripple-leaf Muttonwood Recovery Co-ordinator Threatened Species Unit, North East Branch NSW Department of Environment and Conservation Locked Bag 914 Coffs Harbour NSW 2450 Tel: 02 6651 5946 Cover illustrator: Kersten Tuckey This plan should be cited as follows: NSW Department of Environment and Conservation (2004), Approved Recovery Plan for the Ripple-leaf Muttonwood (Rapanea species A Richmond River), NSW Department of Environment and Conservation, Hurstville. ISBN 1741221382 Approved Recovery Plan Ripple-leaf Muttonwood Recovery Plan for the Ripple-leaf Muttonwood (Rapanea species A Richmond River) Executive Summary This document constitutes the formal National and New South Wales State Recovery Plan for the Ripple-leaf Muttonwood (Rapanea species A Richmond River (J.H. Maiden & J.L. Boorman NSW 26751)) and, as such, considers the conservation requirements of the species across its known range.
    [Show full text]
  • Anna Flora De Novaes Pereira, Iva Carneiro Leão Barros, Augusto César Pessôa Santiago & Ivo Abraão Araújo Da Silva
    SSSUMÁRIOUMÁRIOUMÁRIO/C/C/CONTENTSONTENTSONTENTS Artigos Originais / Original Papers Florística e distribuição geográfica das samambaias e licófitas da Reserva Ecológica de Gurjaú, Pernambuco, Brasil 001 Floristic and geographical distribution of ferns and lycophytes from Ecological Reserve Gurjaú, Pernambuco, Brazil Anna Flora de Novaes Pereira, Iva Carneiro Leão Barros, Augusto César Pessôa Santiago & Ivo Abraão Araújo da Silva Dennstaedtiaceae (Polypodiopsida) no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil Dennstaedtiaceae (Polypodiopsida) in Minas Gerais, Brasil 011 Francine Costa Assis & Alexandre Salino Adiciones a la ficoflora marina de Venezuela. II. Ceramiaceae, Wrangeliaceae y Callithamniaceae (Rhodophyta) 035 Additions to the marine phycoflora of Venezuela. II. Ceramiaceae, Wrangeliaceae and Callithamniaceae (Rhodophyta) Mayra García, Santiago Gómez y Nelson Gil Fungos conidiais do bioma Caatinga I. Novos registros para o continente americano, Neotrópico, América do Sul e Brasil 043 Conidial fungi from Caatinga biome I. New records for Americas, Neotropics, South America and Brazil Davi Augusto Carneiro de Almeida, Tasciano dos Santos Santa Izabel & Luís Fernando Pascholati Gusmão Solanaceae na Serra Negra, Rio Preto, Minas Gerais Solanaceae in the Serra Negra, Rio Preto, Minas Gerais 055 Eveline Aparecida Feliciano & Fátima Regina Gonçalves Salimena Moraceae das restingas do estado do Rio de Janeiro Moraceae of restingas of the state of Rio de Janeiro 077 Leandro Cardoso Pederneiras, Andrea Ferreira da Costa, Dorothy Sue Dunn de Araujo
    [Show full text]
  • The First Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Boswellia Sacra, a Resin-Producing Plant in Oman
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The First Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Boswellia sacra, a Resin-Producing Plant in Oman Abdul Latif Khan1, Ahmed Al-Harrasi1*, Sajjad Asaf2, Chang Eon Park2, Gun-Seok Park2, Abdur Rahim Khan2, In-Jung Lee2, Ahmed Al-Rawahi1, Jae-Ho Shin2* 1 UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman, 2 School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea a1111111111 * [email protected] (AAH); [email protected] (JHS) a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 Boswellia sacra (Burseraceae), a keystone endemic species, is famous for the production of fragrant oleo-gum resin. However, the genetic make-up especially the genomic informa- tion about chloroplast is still unknown. Here, we described for the first time the chloroplast OPEN ACCESS (cp) genome of B. sacra. The complete cp sequence revealed a circular genome of 160,543 Citation: Khan AL, Al-Harrasi A, Asaf S, Park CE, bp size with 37.61% GC content. The cp genome is a typical quadripartite chloroplast struc- Park G-S, Khan AR, et al. (2017) The First ture with inverted repeats (IRs 26,763 bp) separated by small single copy (SSC; 18,962 bp) Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Boswellia sacra, and large single copy (LSC; 88,055 bp) regions. De novo assembly and annotation showed a Resin-Producing Plant in Oman. PLoS ONE 12 the presence of 114 unique genes with 83 protein-coding regions. The phylogenetic analysis (1): e0169794. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169794 revealed that the B. sacra cp genome is closely related to the cp genome of Azadirachta Editor: Xiu-Qing Li, Agriculture and Agri-Food indica and Citrus sinensis, while most of the syntenic differences were found in the non-cod- Canada, CANADA ing regions.
    [Show full text]
  • A List of Grasses and Grasslike Plants of the Oak Openings, Lucas County
    A LIST OF THE GRASSES AND GRASSLIKE PLANTS OF THE OAK OPENINGS, LUCAS COUNTY, OHIO1 NATHAN WILLIAM EASTERLY Department of Biology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 4-3403 ABSTRACT This report is the second of a series of articles to be prepared as a second "Flora of the Oak Openings." The study represents a comprehensive survey of members of the Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Juncaceae, Sparganiaceae, and Xyridaceae in the Oak Openings region. Of the 202 species listed in this study, 34 species reported by Moseley in 1928 were not found during the present investigation. Fifty-seven species found by the present investi- gator were not observed or reported by Moseley. Many of these species or varieties are rare and do not represent a stable part of the flora. Changes in species present or in fre- quency of occurrence of species collected by both Moseley and Easterly may be explained mainly by the alteration of habitats as the Oak Openings region becomes increasingly urbanized or suburbanized. Some species have increased in frequency on the floodplain of Swan Creek, in wet ditches and on the banks of the Norfolk and Western Railroad right-of-way, along newly constructed roadsides, or on dry sandy sites. INTRODUCTION The grass family ranks third among the large plant families of the world. The family ranks number one as far as total numbers of plants that cover fields, mead- ows, or roadsides are concerned. No other family is used as extensively to pro- vide food or shelter or to create a beautiful landscape. The sedge family does not fare as well in terms of commercial importance, but the sedges do make avail- able forage and food for wild fowl and they do contribute plant cover in wet areas where other plants would not be as well adapted.
    [Show full text]
  • Reintroducing the Dingo: the Risk of Dingo Predation to Threatened Vertebrates of Western New South Wales
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Wildlife Research http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WR11128 Reintroducing the dingo: the risk of dingo predation to threatened vertebrates of western New South Wales B. L. Allen A,C and P. J. S. Fleming B AThe University of Queensland, School of Animal Studies, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. BVertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Forest Road, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia. CCorresponding author. Present address: Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Sulfide Street, Broken Hill, NSW 2880, Australia. Email: [email protected] Abstract Context. The reintroduction of dingoes into sheep-grazing areas south-east of the dingo barrier fence has been suggested as a mechanism to suppress fox and feral-cat impacts. Using the Western Division of New South Wales as a case study, Dickman et al. (2009) recently assessed the risk of fox and cat predation to extant threatened species and concluded that reintroducing dingoes into the area would have positive effects for most of the threatened vertebrates there, aiding their recovery through trophic cascade effects. However, they did not formally assess the risk of dingo predation to the same threatened species. Aims. To assess the risk of dingo predation to the extant and locally extinct threatened vertebrates of western New South Wales using methods amenable to comparison with Dickman et al. (2009). Methods. The predation-risk assessment method used in Dickman et al. (2009) for foxes and cats was applied here to dingoes, with minor modification to accommodate the dietary differences of dingoes. This method is based on six independent biological attributes, primarily reflective of potential vulnerability characteristics of the prey.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Environments in Species Conservation Often Goes Unnoticed, and Must Be Better Recognised in Policy and Recovery Planning
    This manuscript has been accepted for publication at Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. The final, copy-edited and formatted article can be accessed via the journal, or by requesting a copy from the authors [email protected] or [email protected] Soanes and Lentini (2019) When cities are the last chance for saving species. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2032 When cities are the last chance for saving species Kylie Soanes1,2 and Pia E. Lentini2 1School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC Australia 3010 2School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC Australia 3010 Corresponding author: Kylie Soanes, Email: [email protected] Running head: Saving urban-restricted species Manuscript type: Concepts and Questions Word count: 2838 (Not including title page or references) 1 Keywords: conservation, community stewardship, highly modified landscapes, novel habitats, species distributions, threatened species, urban planning, urban biodiversity. In a nutshell • Cities and towns can be important places for conservation and engaging people with nature • Urban areas can also be the last places that threatened species persist, and represent the last opportunity to save such species from extinction. • Conserving these urban-restricted threatened species requires looKing beyond conventional conservation reserves and embracing a variety of marginal habitats and land-use types • These species also benefit when community members are aware and engaged in local conservation action • The role of urban environments in species conservation often goes unnoticed, and must be better recognised in policy and recovery planning Abstract: Urban environments are arguably among the most fitting targets for conservation science: a golden opportunity to conserve species and ecosystems under threat, and allow people to engage with nature.
    [Show full text]