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Togiak Wind Resource Report Togiak, Alaska Wind Resource Report Report written by: Douglas Vaught, P.E., V3 Energy, LLC, Eagle River, AK Photo by Doug Vaught Summary Information Togiak’s winds are possibly lighter than expected given its geographic location on the Bering Sea coast. This may be due to the site location well down on the northeast side of the hill that comprises the Togiak Heights subdivision. Possibly more exposed locations would experience higher wind speeds. V3 Energy, LLC 1 of 29 Togiak, Alaska Wind Resource Report Meteorological Tower Data Synopsis Wind power class Class 3 – Fair Wind speed annual average (30 meters) 5.68 m/s Maximum wind gust (2 sec avg) 32.9 m/s (April 2005) Mean wind power density (50 meters) 311 W/m2 (calculated) Mean wind power density (30 meters) 256 W/m2 (measured) Weibull distribution parameters k = 1.75, c = 6.40 m/s Roughness Class 1.11 (fallow field) Power law exponent 0.151 (moderate wind shear) Turbulence Intensity 0.104 Data start date September 11, 2004 Data end date July 12, 2006 Community Profile Current Population: 779 (2005 State Demographer est.) Pronunciation/Other Names: (TOAG-ee-ack) Incorporation Type: 2nd Class City Borough Located In: Unorganized School District: Southwest Region Schools Regional Native Corporation: Bristol Bay Native Corporation Location: Togiak is located at the head of Togiak Bay, 67 miles west of Dillingham. It lies in Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, and is the gateway to Walrus Island Game Sanctuary. It lies at approximately 59.061940° North Latitude and -160.376390° West Longitude. (Sec. 12, T013S, R067W, Seward Meridian.) Togiak is located in the Bristol Bay Recording District. The area encompasses 45.2 sq. miles of land and 183.3 sq. miles of water. History: In 1880, "Old Togiak," or "Togiagamute," was located across the Bay, and had a population of 276. Heavy winter snowfalls made wood-gathering difficult at Old Togiak, so gradually people settled at a new site on the opposite shore, where the task was easier. Many residents of the Yukon-Kuskokwim region migrated south to the Togiak area after the devastating influenza epidemic in 1918-19. A school was established in an old church in 1950. A school building and a National Guard Armory were constructed in 1959. Togiak was flooded in 1964, and many fish racks and stores of gas, fuel oil and stove oil were destroyed. Three or four households left Togiak after the flood and developed the village of Twin Hills upriver. The City government was incorporated in 1969. Culture: Togiak is a traditional Yup'ik Eskimo village with a fishing and subsistence lifestyle. The sale, importation or possession of alcohol is banned in the village. Economy: Togiak's economic base is primarily commercial salmon, herring, and herring roe-on-kelp fisheries. Two hundred forty-four residents hold commercial fishing permits; fishermen use flat-bottom boats for the shallow waters of Togiak Bay. There is one on-shore fish processor and several floating processing facilities near Togiak. The entire community depends heavily on subsistence activities. Salmon, herring, V3 Energy, LLC 2 of 29 Togiak, Alaska Wind Resource Report seal, sea lion, whale and walrus are among the species harvested. A few residents trap. Facilities: Water is derived from a well, is treated and stored in a 500,000-gal. tank. The majority of households (125 residences) are connected to the piped water and sewer system installed in 1976; the remaining homes have new individual wells and septic tanks. Thirty-five new HUD housing units were recently completed in the Togiak Heights Subdivision, with a sewage system. In all, 210 homes are fully plumbed, and 14 are not. The water system is 25 to 30 years old and suffers from broken or corroded pipes, valves and service connections. A new landfill was recently completed. Transportation: A State-owned 4,400' long by 98' wide lighted gravel airstrip with a 1,200' long by 49' wide crosswind airstrip and navigation aids is available. Scheduled and chartered flights are available from Dillingham. Freight is brought in by air or barge and lightered to shore. There are no docking facilities. Skiffs, autos, ATVs and snowmachines are used for local transportation. Climate: Togiak is located in a climatic transition zone, however the arctic climate also affects this region. Average summer temperatures range from 37 to 66; winter temperatures average 4 to 30. Precipitation is 20 to 26 inches annually. Fog and high winds are prevalent during the winter. The Bay is ice-free from June through mid-November. (Above information from State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development website, http://www.dced.state.ak.us/) Tower Sensor Information Channel Sensor type Height Multiplier Offset Orientation 1 NRG #40 anemometer 30 m 0.765 0.35 west 2 NRG #40 anemometer 22 m 0.765 0.35 northeast 7 NRG #200P wind vane 30 m 0.351 280 east 9 NRG #110S Temp C 2 m 0.136 -86.383 N/A Site Information and Location Site number 0010 Site Description Open tundra, northeast side of Togiak Heights subdivision Latitude/longitude N 59° 04.278’; W 160° 25.386’ Site elevation 20 meters Datalogger type NRG Symphonie Tower type NRG 30-meter tall tower, 152 mm (6-in) diameter V3 Energy, LLC 3 of 29 Togiak, Alaska Wind Resource Report V3 Energy, LLC 4 of 29 Togiak, Alaska Wind Resource Report Data Quality Control Data was filtered to remove presumed icing events that yield false zero wind speed data. Data that met the following criteria were filtered: wind speed < 1 m/s, wind speed standard deviation = 0, and temperature < 2° C. Note that during the months of March through September little to no data was lost due to icing with some icing loss during the winter months. Because sensor icing was minimal, filtered data was not synthesized and replaced. Ch 1 (30 m speed) Ch 2 (22 m speed) Ch 7 (wind vane) Ch 9 (temperature) Year Month Records Recovery Records Recovery Records Recovery Records Recovery Rate (%) Rate (%) Rate (%) Rate (%) 2004 Sep 2,820 100 2,820 100 2,820 100 2,820 100 2004 Oct 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2004 Nov 4,182 96.8 4,182 96.8 4,227 97.8 4,320 100 2004 Dec 4,266 95.6 4,182 93.7 2,802 62.8 4,464 100 2005 Jan 4,210 94.3 4,233 94.8 4,002 89.7 4,464 100 2005 Feb 3,910 97.0 3,910 97.0 3,846 95.4 4,032 100 2005 Mar 4,446 100 4,446 100 4,345 97.3 4,446 100 2005 Apr 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 2005 May 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Jun 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 2005 Jul 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Aug 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Sep 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 2005 Oct 4,382 98.2 4,464 100 4,317 96.7 4,464 100 2005 Nov 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 2005 Dec 4,101 91.9 3,774 84.5 3,659 82.0 4,464 100 2006 Jan 4,405 98.7 4,405 98.7 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Feb 3,932 97.5 3,932 97.5 4,032 100 4,032 100 2006 Mar 4,382 98.2 4,464 100 4,417 98.9 4,464 100 2006 Apr 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 2006 May 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Jun 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 2006 Jul 1,638 100 1,638 100 1,638 100 1,638 100 All data 94,914 98.5 94,690 98.3 92,809 96.3 96,312 100 V3 Energy, LLC 5 of 29 Togiak, Alaska Wind Resource Report Measured Wind Speeds The 30 meter anemometer annual wind speed average for the reporting period is 5.68 m/s and the 22 meter anemometer wind speed average is 5.42 m/s. 30 m speed (Ch 1) 22 m speed (Ch 2) Std. Weibull Std. Month Mean Max Dev. Weibull k c Mean Max Dev. (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) Jan 5.39 16.9 2.77 2.003 6.07 5.02 16.2 2.68 Feb 7.21 26.1 4.34 1.697 8.06 6.95 25.3 4.45 Mar 6.41 20.8 3.63 1.792 7.18 6.16 19.2 3.49 Apr 6.18 25.8 3.70 1.651 6.86 5.99 24.8 3.59 May 5.16 17.5 2.79 1.873 5.78 5.01 17.4 2.74 Jun 4.80 17.0 2.70 1.799 5.37 4.62 16.4 2.62 Jul 4.65 12.7 2.47 1.880 5.20 4.49 12.3 2.37 Aug 4.99 19.4 2.92 1.718 5.58 4.86 18.4 2.69 Sep 6.05 16.3 3.08 2.017 6.80 5.63 15.5 2.97 Oct 5.48 19.5 3.36 1.652 6.12 5.09 18.8 3.16 Nov 5.67 18.9 3.50 1.604 6.30 5.35 18.7 3.43 Dec 6.28 19.2 3.07 2.115 7.06 5.87 18.5 3.00 Annual 5.68 26.1 3.33 1.745 6.41 5.42 25.3 3.25 V3 Energy, LLC 6 of 29 Togiak, Alaska Wind Resource Report Daily Wind Profile The daily wind profile indicates a strong daily variation of wind speeds with the lowest wind speeds occurring in the morning hours of 6 to 8 a.m.
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