DOCSLIB.ORG

Distributed Wind Market Applications DE-AC36-99-GO10337

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Distributed Wind Market Applications DE-AC36-99-GO10337 A national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Distributed Wind Market Technical Report NREL/TP-500-39851 Applications November 2007 T. Forsyth and I. Baring-Gould NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Distributed Wind Market Technical Report NREL/TP-500-39851 Applications November 2007 T. Forsyth and I. Baring-Gould Prepared under Task No. WER6.7502 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone: 865.576.8401 fax: 865.576.5728 email: mailto:[email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 phone: 800.553.6847 fax: 703.605.6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste Table of Contents CHAPTER 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................1 I. SUMMARY OF MARKET POTENTIAL........................................................................................................................3 II. SUMMARY OF DOMESTIC MARKETS FOR DISTRIBUTED WIND TECHNOLOGIES .....................................................4 III. SUMMARY OF INTERNATIONAL MARKET FOR DISTRIBUTED WIND TECHNOLOGIES ............................................8 IV. MARKET-BASED BARRIERS TO THE DISTRIBUTED WIND MARKET....................................................................11 V. TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO THE DISTRIBUTED WIND MARKET .............................................................................12 VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................13 VII. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................................13 CHAPTER 2. SMALL-SCALE REMOTE OR OFF-GRID POWER..................................................................15 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................................15 II. APPLICATION BACKGROUND...............................................................................................................................15 III. CURRENT STATUS OF SMALL-SCALE WIND .......................................................................................................16 IV. MARKET BARRIERS ISSUES AND ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................................17 Expected United States Market ..........................................................................................................................17 Expected International Market...........................................................................................................................17 Technology Adoption Timeframe .......................................................................................................................19 Non-Technical Barriers for Technology Adoption.............................................................................................20 Time-Critical Issues ...........................................................................................................................................22 Incentive Markets...............................................................................................................................................22 Utility Industry Perspectives ..............................................................................................................................22 V. TECHNICAL BARRIERS ISSUES AND ASSESSMENT ...............................................................................................23 Barriers for Small-Scale Turbines .....................................................................................................................23 VI. RECOMMENDED AREAS OF TECHNICAL CONCENTRATION.................................................................................26 Technical Challenges.........................................................................................................................................26 VII. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................................................................30 VIII. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................31 CHAPTER 3. RESIDENTIAL POWER .................................................................................................................32 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................................32 II. APPLICATION BACKGROUND...............................................................................................................................33 III. CURRENT STATUS OF GRID-CONNECTED RESIDENTIAL DISTRIBUTED GENERATION .........................................34 The Future..........................................................................................................................................................34 IV. MARKET BARRIERS ISSUES AND ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................................35 Expected United States Market ..........................................................................................................................35 Expected International Market...........................................................................................................................39 Technology Adoption Time Frame.....................................................................................................................40 Non-Technical Barriers for Technology Adoption.............................................................................................41 Economics..........................................................................................................................................................41 Lack of Incentives...............................................................................................................................................44 Subsidy Market for Residential Wind Distributed Generation...........................................................................46 Utility Industry Impact of Residential Distributed Generation..........................................................................46 V. TECHNICAL BARRIERS ISSUES AND ASSESSMENT ...............................................................................................49 Technology Barriers for Distributed Wind Generation .....................................................................................49 Expected Turbine Size for Residential Distributed Generation .........................................................................52 Required Cost of Energy ....................................................................................................................................53 Seasonality and Geographic Nature of Wind Resource.....................................................................................54 Impact of Intermittency on Residential Wind Energy.........................................................................................55 Interface between Turbine and Wind-Distributed Generation...........................................................................55 VI. RECOMMENDED AREAS OF TECHNICAL CONCENTRATION.................................................................................55 The Future..........................................................................................................................................................55
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Optimizing the Visual Impact of Onshore Wind Farms Upon the Landscapes – Comparing Recent Planning Approaches in China and Germany
    Ruhr-Universität Bochum Dissertation Submission to the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Faculty of Geosciences For the degree of Doctor of natural sciences (Dr. rer. nat) Submitted by: Jinjin Guan. MLA Date of the oral examination: 16.07.2020 Examiners Dr. Thomas Held Prof. Dr. Harald Zepp Prof. Dr. Guotai Yan Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Friederich Prof. Dr. Harro Stolpe Keywords Onshore wind farm planning; landscape; landscape visual impact evaluation; energy transition; landscape visual perception; GIS; Germany; China. I Abstract In this thesis, an interdisciplinary Landscape Visual Impact Evaluation (LVIE) model has been established in order to solve the conflicts between onshore wind energy development and landscape protection. It aims to recognize, analyze, and evaluate the visual impact of onshore wind farms upon landscapes and put forward effective mitigation measures in planning procedures. Based on literature research and expert interviews, wind farm planning regimes, legislation, policies, planning procedures, and permission in Germany and China were compared with each other and evaluated concerning their respective advantages and disadvantages. Relevant theories of landscape evaluation have been researched and integrated into the LVIE model, including the landscape connotation, landscape aesthetics, visual perception, landscape functions, and existing evaluation methods. The evaluation principles, criteria, and quantitative indicators are appropriately organized in this model with a hierarchy structure. The potential factors that may influence the visual impact have been collected and categorized into three dimensions: landscape sensitivity, the visual impact of WTs, and viewer exposure. Detailed sub-indicators are also designed under these three topics for delicate evaluation. Required data are collected from official platforms and databases to ensure the reliability and repeatability of the evaluation process.
    [Show full text]
  • Elevated Opportunities for the South with Improved Turbines and Reduced Costs, Wind Farms the South Is a New Frontier for the Wind Industry
    Southern Alliance for Clean Energy October 2014 Advanced Wind Technology Expanded Potential Elevated Opportunities for the South With improved turbines and reduced costs, wind farms The South is a new frontier for the wind industry. now make economic sense in all states across the Advanced wind turbine technology and reduced costs South. Using currently available wind turbine have expanded the resource potential and have made technology, over 134,000 megawatts (MW) of wind wind energy economically feasible in more places in the potential exists within the region - about half as much Southern United States. of the total installed electric utility capacity. Megawatts of Onshore Wind Potential Improved Turbines The biggest changes in wind turbine technology over the past five years include taller turbines and longer blades. Just five years ago, wind turbines with a hub height of 80 meters (about 260 feet) and blade lengths of 40 meters (about 130 feet) were fairly standard. Taller turbines reach stronger, more consistent wind speeds. Hub heights of up to 140 meters (460 feet) are now available for wind farm developers. Longer blades are capable of capturing more wind, thus harnessing slower wind speeds. Blades are now available over 55 meters (180 feet) in length. Reduced Costs Wind energy is now one of the least expensive sources of new power generation in the country. Costs have Source: Adapted from National Renewable Energy Lab 2013 declined by 39% over the past decade for wind speed As can be seen in the chart above, all states in the areas averaging 6 meters per second. This reduced cost particularly applies to the Southeast, a region with South now contain substantial onshore wind energy typically lower wind speeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Opinion and the Environmental, Economic and Aesthetic Impacts of Offshore Wind
    Public Opinion and the Environmental, Economic and Aesthetic Impacts of Offshore Wind * Drew Busha,b , Porter Hoaglandb a Dept. of Geography and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A0B9, Canada1 b Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA E-mail addresses: [email protected]; [email protected] * Corresponding Author for all stages: Drew Bush, (202)640-0333 1 Permanent/Present Address: Drew Bush, PO Box 756, 17 Becker Lane, New Castle, NH 03854 Bush D. & Hoagland, P. 1 Highlights • Early Cape Wind advocates and opposition use impacts to sway uninformed public. • “Extremist" arguments perpetuate uncertainties about impacts in public's mind. • Expert elicitation compares stakeholder understandings of impacts with scientists. • We find "non-extremist" stakeholder attitudes converge with scientists over time. • We hypothesize scientific education at outset may improve planning process. Abstract During ten-plus years of debate over the proposed Cape Wind facility off Cape Cod, Massachusetts, the public’s understanding of its environmental, economic, and visual impacts matured. Tradeoffs also have become apparent to scientists and decision-makers during two environmental impact statement reviews and other stakeholder processes. Our research aims to show how residents’ opinions changed during the debate over this first- of-its-kind project in relation to understandings of project impacts. Our methods included an examination of public opinion polls and the refereed literature that traces public attitudes and knowledge about Cape Wind. Next we conducted expert elicitations to compare trends with the level of understanding held by small groups of scientists and Cape Cod stakeholders.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy Systems Usa
    Renewable Energy Systems Usa Which Lamar impugns so motherly that Chevalier sleighs her guernseys? Behaviorist Hagen pagings histhat demagnetization! misfeature shrivel protectively and minimised alarmedly. Zirconic and diatonic Griffin never blahs Citizenship information on material in the financing and energy comes next time of backup capacity, for reward center. Energy Systems Engineering Rutgers University School of. Optimization algorithms are ways of computing maximum or minimum of mathematical functions. Please just a valid email. Renewable Energy Degrees FULL LIST & Green Energy Job. Payment options all while installing monitoring and maintaining your solar energy systems. Units can be provided by renewable systems could prevent automated spam filtering or system. Graduates with a Masters in Renewable Energy and Sustainable Systems Engineering and. Learn laugh about renewable resources such the solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectricity. Creating good decisions. The renewable systems can now to satisfy these can decrease. In recent years there that been high investment in solar PV, due to favourable subsidies and incentives. Renewable Energy Research developing the renewable carbon-free technologies required to mesh a sustainable future energy system where solar cell. Solar energy systems is renewable power system, and the grid rural electrification in cold water pumped uphill by. Apex Clean Energy develops constructs and operates utility-scale wire and medicine power facilities for the. International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA. The limitation of fossil fuels has challenged scientists and engineers to vocabulary for alternative energy resources that can represent future energy demand. Our solar panels are thus for capturing peak power without our winters, in shade, and, of cellar, full sun.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning for Wind Energy
    Planning for Wind Energy Suzanne Rynne, AICP , Larry Flowers, Eric Lantz, and Erica Heller, AICP , Editors American Planning Association Planning Advisory Service Report Number 566 Planning for Wind Energy is the result of a collaborative part- search intern at APA; Kirstin Kuenzi is a research intern at nership among the American Planning Association (APA), APA; Joe MacDonald, aicp, was program development se- the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the nior associate at APA; Ann F. Dillemuth, aicp, is a research American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), and Clarion associate and co-editor of PAS Memo at APA. Associates. Funding was provided by the U.S. Department The authors thank the many other individuals who con- of Energy under award number DE-EE0000717, as part of tributed to or supported this project, particularly the plan- the 20% Wind by 2030: Overcoming the Challenges funding ners, elected officials, and other stakeholders from case- opportunity. study communities who participated in interviews, shared The report was developed under the auspices of the Green documents and images, and reviewed drafts of the case Communities Research Center, one of APA’s National studies. Special thanks also goes to the project partners Centers for Planning. The Center engages in research, policy, who reviewed the entire report and provided thoughtful outreach, and education that advance green communities edits and comments, as well as the scoping symposium through planning. For more information, visit www.plan- participants who worked with APA and project partners to ning.org/nationalcenters/green/index.htm. APA’s National develop the outline for the report: James Andrews, utilities Centers for Planning conduct policy-relevant research and specialist at the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission; education involving community health, natural and man- Jennifer Banks, offshore wind and siting specialist at AWEA; made hazards, and green communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Affecting the Community Acceptance of Onshore
    sustainability Article Factors Affecting the Community Acceptance of Onshore Wind Farms: A Case Study of the Zhongying Wind Farm in Eastern China Jinjin Guan * and Harald Zepp Institute of Geography, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 August 2020; Accepted: 21 August 2020; Published: 25 August 2020 Abstract: The conflict between wind energy expansion and local environmental protection has attracted attention from society and initiated a fierce discussion about the community acceptance of wind farms. There are various empirical studies on factors affecting the public acceptance of wind farms, but little concerning the correlation and significance of factors, especially in a close distance to the wind farms. This paper aims to identify, classify, and analyze the factors affecting community acceptance through literature review, questionnaire, variance analysis, and linear regression analysis. A total of 169 questionnaires was conducted in 17 villages around the Zhongying Wind Farm in Zhejiang Province, China. The factors are categorized into four groups: Location-related factors, demographic factors, environmental impact factors, and public participation factors. Through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression analysis, the outcome shows the universal rule of community acceptance under the Chinese social background. Finally, recommendations for improving wind farm planning procedures are put forward. Keywords: onshore wind farm; community acceptance; wind energy planning; environmental impact; public participation; analysis of variance (ANOVA); regression analysis 1. Introduction Wind energy is recognized as a major renewable energy source alternative. It helps reducing CO2 emission and mitigating climate change due to its high performance, wide resource distribution, and competitive prices.
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Power Today, 2010, Wind and Water Power Program
    WIND AND WATER POWER PROGRAM Wind Power Today 2010 •• BUILDING•A•CLEAN• ENERGY •ECONOMY •• ADVANCING•WIND• TURBINE •TECHNOLOGY •• SUPPORTING•SYSTEMS•• INTERCONNECTION •• GROWING•A•LARGER• MARKET 2 WIND AND WATER POWER PROGRAM BUILDING•A•CLEAN•ENERGY•ECONOMY The mission of the U.S. Department of Energy Wind Program is to focus the passion, ingenuity, and diversity of the nation to enable rapid expansion of clean, affordable, reliable, domestic wind power to promote national security, economic vitality, and environmental quality. Built in 2009, the 63-megawatt Dry Lake Wind Power Project is Arizona’s first utility-scale wind power project. Building•a•Green•Economy• In 2009, more wind generation capacity was installed in the United States than in any previous year despite difficult economic conditions. The rapid expansion of the wind industry underscores the potential for wind energy to supply 20% of the nation’s electricity by the year 2030 as envisioned in the 2008 Department of Energy (DOE) report 20% Wind Energy by 2030: Increasing Wind Energy’s Contribution to U.S. Electricity Supply. Funding provided by DOE, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act CONTENTS of 2009 (Recovery Act), and state and local initiatives have all contributed to the wind industry’s growth and are moving the BUILDING•A•CLEAN•ENERGY•ECONOMY• ........................2 nation toward achieving its energy goals. ADVANCING•LARGE•WIND•TURBINE•TECHNOLOGY• .....7 Wind energy is poised to make a major contribution to the President’s goal of doubling our nation’s electricity generation SMALL •AND•MID-SIZED•TURBINE•DEVELOPMENT• ...... 15 capacity from clean, renewable sources by 2012. The DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy invests in clean SUPPORTING•GRID•INTERCONNECTION• ....................
    [Show full text]
  • Distributed Wind Competitiveness Improvement Project
    Distributed Wind Competitiveness Improvement Project The Competitiveness Improvement Project (CIP) is a periodic solicitation through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and its National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Manufacturers of small and medium wind turbines are awarded cost-shared subcontracts via a competitive process to optimize their designs, develop advanced manufacturing processes, and perform turbine testing. The goals of the CIP are to make wind energy cost competitive with other distributed generation technology and increase the number of wind turbine Photo from Northern Power Systems, NREL 36193 Increased Energy Reduced Hardware Production Costs Performance & Safety CIP component innovations and CIP manufacturing process CIP awardee Primus system optimization awardee innovation awardee Pika Energy Windpower of Lakewood, Colorado, achieved Bergey Windpower of Norman, of Westbrook, Maine, reduced Oklahoma, achieved a 110% blade costs by approximately for safety, function, performance, and durability— energy production increase for the 90% by developing an innovative to international standards on two of their turbine Excel 15 turbine over the Excel 10 tooling and cooling strategy to models. Northern Power Systems also recently turbine by increasing blade length produce blades using injection- and improving blade aerodynamics molded plastic. Two additional CIP awardees are currently and system controls. Through six funding cycles, DOE and NREL have awarded 28 subcontracts to 15 companies, totaling $6.3 million of investment
    [Show full text]
  • Optimum Sizing of Distributed Generation and Storage Capacity in Smart Households Salman Kahrobaee University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected]
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2013 Optimum Sizing of Distributed Generation and Storage Capacity in Smart Households Salman Kahrobaee University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Sohrab Asgarpoor University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Wei Qiao University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/electricalengineeringfacpub Part of the Computer Engineering Commons, and the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Kahrobaee, Salman; Asgarpoor, Sohrab; and Qiao, Wei, "Optimum Sizing of Distributed Generation and Storage Capacity in Smart Households" (2013). Faculty Publications from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. 280. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/electricalengineeringfacpub/280 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Electrical & Computer Engineering, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 4, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2013 1791 Optimum Sizing of Distributed Generation and Storage Capacity in Smart Households Salman Kahrobaee, Student Member, IEEE, Sohrab Asgarpoor, Senior Member, IEEE,and Wei Qiao, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—In the near future, a smart grid will accommodate DI Decision interval in h. customers who are prepared to invest in generation-battery sys- tems and employ energy management systems in order to cut down Time-step of the simulation in h. on their electricity bills.
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Powering America Fy08 Activities Summary
    WIND POWERING AMERICA FY08 ACTIVITIES SUMMARY Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Dear Wind Powering America Colleague, We are pleased to present the Wind Powering America FY08 Activities Summary, which reflects the accomplishments of our state Wind Working Groups, our programs at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and our partner organizations. The national WPA team remains a leading force for moving wind energy forward in the United States. At the beginning of 2008, there were more than 16,500 megawatts (MW) of wind power installed across the United States, with an additional 7,000 MW projected by year end, bringing the U.S. installed capacity to more than 23,000 MW by the end of 2008. When our partnership was launched in 2000, there were 2,500 MW of installed wind capacity in the United States. At that time, only four states had more than 100 MW of installed wind capacity. Twenty-two states now have more than 100 MW installed, compared to 17 at the end of 2007. We anticipate that four or five additional states will join the 100-MW club in 2009, and by the end of the decade, more than 30 states will have passed the 100-MW milestone. WPA celebrates the 100-MW milestones because the first 100 megawatts are always the most difficult and lead to significant experience, recognition of the wind energy’s benefits, and expansion of the vision of a more economically and environmentally secure and sustainable future. Of course, the 20% Wind Energy by 2030 report (developed by AWEA, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and other stakeholders) indicates that 44 states may be in the 100-MW club by 2030, and 33 states will have more than 1,000 MW installed (at the end of 2008, there were six states in that category).
    [Show full text]
  • Full-Scale Implementation of RES and Storage in an Island Energy System
    inventions Article Full-Scale Implementation of RES and Storage in an Island Energy System Konstantinos Fiorentzis , Yiannis Katsigiannis and Emmanuel Karapidakis * Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71004 Heraklion, Greece; kfi[email protected] (K.F.); [email protected] (Y.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-2810-379-889 Received: 10 September 2020; Accepted: 29 October 2020; Published: 30 October 2020 Abstract: The field of energy, specifically renewable energy sources (RES), is considered vital for a sustainable society, a fact that is clearly defined by the European Green Deal. It will convert the old, conventional economy into a new, sustainable economy that is environmentally sound, economically viable, and socially responsible. Therefore, there is a need for quick actions by everyone who wants to move toward energy-efficient development and new environmentally friendly behavior. This can be achieved by setting specific guidelines of how to proceed, where to start, and what knowledge is needed to implement such plans and initiatives. This paper seeks to contribute to this very important issue by appraising the ability of full-scale implementation of RES combined with energy storage in an island power system. The Greek island power system of Astypalaia is used as a case study where a battery energy storage system (BESS), along with wind turbines (WTs), is examined to be installed as part of a hybrid power plant (HPP). The simulation’s results showed that the utilization of HPP can significantly increase RES penetration in parallel with remarkable fuel cost savings. Finally, the fast response of BESS can enhance the stability of the system in the case of disturbances.
    [Show full text]
  • Maine Wind Energy Development Assessment
    MAINE WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ASSESSMENT Report & Recommendations – 2012 Prepared by Governor’s Office of Energy Independence and Security March 2012 Acknowledgements The Office of Energy Independence and Security would like to thank all the contributing state agencies and their staff members who provided us with assistance and information, especially Mark Margerum at the Maine Department of Environmental Protection and Marcia Spencer-Famous and Samantha Horn-Olsen at the Land Use Regulation Commission. Jeff Marks, Deputy Director of the Governor’s Office of Energy Independence and Security (OEIS) served as the primary author and manager of the Maine Wind Energy Development Assessment. Special thanks to Hugh Coxe at the Land Use Regulation Commission for coordination of the Cumulative Visual Impact (CVI) study group and preparation of the CVI report. Coastal Enterprises, Inc. (CEI), Perkins Point Energy Consulting and Synapse Energy Economics, Inc. prepared the economic and energy information and data needed to permit the OEIS to formulate substantive recommendations based on the Maine Wind Assessment 2012, A Report (January 31, 2012). We appreciate the expertise and professional work performed by Stephen Cole (CEI), Stephen Ward (Perkins Point) and Robert Fagan (Synapse.). Michael Barden with the Governor’s Office of Energy Independence and Security assisted with the editing. Jon Doucette, Woodard & Curran designed the cover. We appreciate the candid advice, guidance and information provided by the organizations and individuals consulted by OEIS and those interviewed for the 2012 wind assessment and cited in Attachment 1 of the accompanying Maine Wind Assessment 2012, A Report. Kenneth C. Fletcher Director Governor’s Office of Energy Independence and Security 2 Table of contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]