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Flora Survey and Biodiversity Assessment for Core Zoning Municipality of Busuanga

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Flora Survey and Biodiversity Assessment for Core Zoning Municipality of Busuanga FLORA SURVEY AND BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT FOR CORE ZONING MUNICIPALITY OF BUSUANGA September 2006 Prepared for: PALAWAN COUNCIL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Palawan Center for Sustainable Development Sta. Monica Heights, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines 5300 Email: [email protected] Tel.: (63-48) 434-4235, Fax: 434-4234 Funded through a loan from : JAPAN BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Prepared by: PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL in association with ALMEC Corporation CERTEZA Information Systems, Inc. DARUMA Technologies Inc. Geo-Surveys & Mapping, Inc. Photo Credits: All photos by SEMP-NP ECAN Zoning Component Project Management Office This report can be reproduced as long as the convenors are properly acknowledged as the source of information Reproduction of this publication for sale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the written consent of the publisher. Printed by: Futuristic Printing Press, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines Suggested Citation: PCSDS. 2006. Flora Survey and Biodiversity Assessment for Core Zoning Municipality of El Nido. Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, Puerto Princesa City. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page List of Tables vi List of Figures ix List of Appendix Tables x List of Appendix Figures xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xii 1.0 BACKGROUND 1 1.1 The Municipality 1 2.0 OBJECTIVES 3 3.0 LIMITATION AND SCOPE 4 4.0 METHODOLOGY 4 4.1 Survey Design 4 4.2 Variables and Parameters 6 4.3 Vegetation Description and Analysis 6 4.3.1 Analytical Framework 7 4.3.2 Data Analysis 7 4.3.3 Stand and Stock Table 9 4.3.4 Identifying Core Zones 10 5.0 RESULTS OF THE SURVEY 10 5.1 Bio-physical Features of Busuanga Municipality 10 5.1.1 Topography 10 5.1.2 Geology 11 5.1.3 Climate 11 5.1.4 River Systems and Drainage 11 5.2 General Land Uses and Vegetation Cover 11 5.2.1 Land Uses 11 5.2.2 Built-up Areas and Road Network 12 5.3 Land Degradation Problems in the Uplands 12 5.3.1 Grassland Fires Encroaching into Forested Areas 12 5.3.2 Timber Poaching 13 5.3.3 Unmanaged Large Cattle Grazing 13 5.3.4 Hillside Farming 13 _________________________________________________________________________ iii Title Page 5.3.5 Soil Erosion 13 5.4 Vegetation Cover 14 5.5 Physiography of Barangays 15 5.5.1 Barangay Concepcion 15 5.5.2 Barangay Sagrada 16 5.5.3 Yulo King Ranch 16 5.5.4 Barangay Cheey 17 5.5.5 Barangay Salvacion 17 5.5.6 Barangay New Quezon 18 5.5.7 Barangay New Busuanga 18 5.5.8 Barangay San Rafael 18 5.5.9 Barangay Sto. Nino 18 5.5.10 Barangay Buluang 19 5.5.11 Barangay Bugtong 19 5.6 Vegetation Analysis 19 5.6.1 Primary vis-à-vis Non-Primary Forest 19 5.6.2 Primary Forest over Ultramafic Soil 21 5.6.3 Primary Forest over Karst Limestone 21 5.7 Overall Description of Vegetation Cover and Forest Types 22 5.7.1 Land Uses in the Uplands 23 5.7.2 Location of Upland Settlements 24 5.8 Implication to Reforestation 24 5.9 Biodiversity Assessment of Flora 24 5.9.1 The Canopy Layer 25 5.9.2 The Under Canopy Layer 28 5.9.3 The Ground Layer Stratum (Undergrowth) 31 5.10 Vegetation Analysis by Transect 33 5.10.1 Transect 1 in Barangay Sto. Nino 33 5.10.2 Transect 2 in Barangay Sto. Nino 35 5.10.3 Transect 3 in Barangays Concepcion and Sagrada and Yulo King Ranch 37 5.10.4 Transect 4 in Barangay Cheey 39 5.10.5 Transect 5 in Barangays Bogtong, Cheey and Salvacion 41 5.10.6 Transect 6 in Barangays Cheey and Salvacion 43 5.10.7 Transect 7 in Barangay Cheey 45 5.10.8 Transect 8 in Barangays New Quezon, San Rafael, New Busuanga 47 5.10.9 Transect 9 in Barangay New Busuanga 50 5.10.10Transect 10 in Barangay Buluang 52 ________________________________________________________________________ iv Title Page 5.11 Endangered and Endemic Species of Plants in Busuanga 55 5.12 Recommended Core Zones for Terrestrial Flora Component 59 7.0 ISSUES, PROBLEMS AND THREATS TO CORE ZONES 62 7.1 Present and Potential Threats 62 7.2 Proposed Management Prescriptions to Protect Core Zones and Improve Forest Conditions in Busuanga 62 7.3 Proposed Measures to Rehabilitate Degraded Ecosystems in Busuanga 63 7.3.1 Grasslands 63 7.3.2 Brushlands 63 7.3.3 Denuded Forests and Eroded Slopes 64 7.3.4 Kaingin Areas 64 7.3.5 Encroachment into Primary and Secondary Forests 64 7.3.6 Recently Logged Over Areas 64 8.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND 65 RECOMMENDATIONS 9.1 Significant Findings from the Survey 65 9.2 Conclusions 65 9.3 Recommendations 66 REFERENCES 68 ANNEXES 71 Plate 1. The Manconos, Xanthostemon bracteatus and X. 71 verdugunianus. Plate 2. Malakatmon, Dillenia luzoniensis, found in the Parang 71 ecosystem of New Quezon, Busuanga Plate 3. The Parang Ecosystem, Habitat of the Malakatmon in New 72 Quezon, Busuanga Plate 4. The beach forest ecosystem in Sto. Niño, Busuanga, already 72 a threatened vanishing ecosystem in the Philippines APPENDICES 73 ________________________________________________________________________ v LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page 1 The Fernando Biodiversity Scale (1998) 7 2 Data Collection Sheet for the Stand and Stock Analysis 9 3 Soil Erosion Rates in Various Soil Cover 14 4 Dominant Vegetation in Busuanga by Transect Line 22 5 Summary of the Stand and Stock Table 24 6 Relative Values of the Top Five (5) Species in the Canopy 26 Layer 7 Similarity Values between Sampling Transects, Canopy 26 Layer 8 Plant Forms under Canopy in Busuanga 28 9 Relative Values of the Top Five (5) Species for the Under 29 Canopy Layer 10 Similarity Values Between Sampling Transects, Under 30 Canopy Layer 11 Plant Forms in the Ground Layer or Undergrowth in 31 Busuanga 12 Relative Values of the Top Five (5) Species in the Ground 32 Layer 13 Similarity Values Between Sampling Transects, Ground 32 Layer 14 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Canopy Layer for Transect 1 34 15 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Under Canopy Layer for 34 Transect 1 16 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Ground Layer for Transect 1 35 17 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Canopy Layer for Transect 2 36 ________________________________________________________________________ vi Table No. Title Page 18 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Under Canopy Layer for 36 Transect 2 19 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Ground Layer for Transect 2 37 20 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Canopy Layer for Transect 3 38 21 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Under Canopy Layer for 38 Transect 3 22 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Ground Layer for Transect 3 39 23 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Canopy Layer for Transect 4 40 24 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Under Canopy Layer for 40 Transect 4 25 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Ground Layer for Transect 4 41 26 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Canopy Layer for Transect 5 42 27 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Under Canopy Layer for 42 Transect 5 28 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Ground Layer for Transect 5 43 29 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Canopy Layer for Transect 6 44 30 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Under Canopy Layer for 44 Transect 6 31 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Ground Layer for Transect 6 45 32 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Canopy Layer for Transect 7 46 33 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Under Canopy Layer for 46 Transect 7 34 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Ground Layer for Transect 7 47 35 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Canopy Layer for Transect 8 48 36 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Under Canopy Layer for 49 Transect 8 37 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Ground Layer for Transect 8 49 ________________________________________________________________________ vii Table No. Title Page 38 Dominant Six (6) Species in the Canopy Layer for Transect 9 50 39 All Species in the Under Canopy Layer for Transect 9 51 40 All Species in the Ground Layer for Transect 9 51 41 All Species in the Canopy Layer for Transect 10 52 42 All Species in the Under Canopy Layer for Transect 10 53 43 All Species in the Ground Layer for Transect 10 54 44 Busuanga Flora Species With Endangered Status, per 57 Transect 45 Busuanga Flora Species With Endangered Status, per 58 Barangay ________________________________________________________________________ viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Page 1 Map of Palawan Showing Location of Busuanga 2 Municipality 2 Layout of Transects and Quadrats 5 3 Graphical Presentation of the Stand and Stock Table With 20 Volume and Diameter Classes as Parameters 4 Cladogram of the Cluster Analysis for the Canopy Layer 27 5 Cladogram of the Cluster Analysis for the Under Canopy 30 Layer 6 Cladogram of the Cluster Analysis for the Ground Layer 33 7 Shannon Biodiversity Index for Flora in the Canopy, 60 Under Canopy and Ground Vegetation for Busuanga, Northern Palawan 8 Recommended Core Zones in Busuanga Muncipality 61 ________________________________________________________________________ ix LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table No. Title Page 1 Diversity Index per Canopy Structure per Transect 73 2 Transects of Busuanga Flora Survey Grouop: Shannon- 74 Weiner Biodiversity Indices (20x20) 3 Transects of Busuanga Flora Survey Grouop: Shannon- 76 Weiner Biodiversity Indices (5x5) 4 Transects of Busuanga Flora Survey Grouop: Shannon- 78 Weiner Biodiversity Indices (1x1) 5 Preliminary Checklist of Angiosperms (Non-monocots 80 Paleoherbs and Dicots) of Busuanga, Palawan 6 Preliminary Checklist of Gymnosperms of Busuanga, 95 Palawan 7 Preliminary Checklist of Mangrove and Beach Plants of 97 Northern Palawan 8 Busuanga Flora Species with Endangered Status per Transect 103 9 Busuanga Flora Species with Endangered Status per 104 Barangay in Busuanga 10 Coordinates of Transects per Barangay in Busuanga 105 Municipality ________________________________________________________________________ x LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES Appendix Figure No.
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