From May 17, 1954 To the 1960 Sit-Ins See Editorial Page 3 th e MILITANT PUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

Vol. XXIV — No. 20 222 NEW YORK, N.Y., MONDAY. MAY 16. 1960 P rice 10c Dobbs Flays Prague Accepts State Dept. Spy Plane Aggression Trotsky’s Killer Cuba Policy Alarms Entire World Urges Amity " Dobbs Scores Natalia Trotsky Predicts His Reward We Need a Better World for Our Children ” Will Be Liquidation by Stalin's Heirs In TV Appeal War Threats SAN DIEGO, Calif.—“I don’t By Murry Weiss On May 6 the Mexican authorities announced that they know what provocation Castro had released the assassin of Leon Trotsky from prison, some has given us. E ve ryth in g he At a press conference in four months before completing his 20-year sentence, ordered has done has taken place in San Francisco M ay 9, him deported as an “undesirable«------Cuba. How can that provoke which was widely reported in alien,” and had placed him on a warming its engines. There the the United States? He hasn’t the Bay Area,. Farrell Dobbs, presidential candidate of the plane bound for Havana where prisoner was met by two Cze­ come over here and messed in he would remain one 'week be­ choslovak diplomats, Oldrich American affairs like the cor­ Socialist Workers party, de­ nounced the flight of an Am­ fore departing for Prague, Cze­ Novicky and Edward Foulches. porations and the State Depart­ ment are messing in Cuban af­ erican plane over Soviet ter­ choslovakia, his eventual desti­ They made the flight with him. fairs. Why can’t we act on a ritory as a provocative cold- nation. And on what kind of pass­ live and let live basis?” war act that has shocked the The news appeared only port did the killer make his That was how Farrell Dobbs, entire world. briefly in the headlines. It was exit from Mexico? Not on the Socialist Workers presidential "The foreign policy of this drowned by the furor over the one w ith. which he came into nominee, replied to a television country is one of deceit, ly­ capture of an American military the country. That was a Can­ LEON TROTSKY, co-leader interviewer’s query on Cuban ing, spying and general mis­ plane that had invaded Soviet adian passport bearing the name with Lenin of the Russian “provocation” of the U.S. in a leading of the public," he territory and Eisenhower’s bel­ “Frank Jacson.” Revolution, assassinated by a telecast here M ay 5. Dobbs is charged. ligerent announcement that he “Frank Jacson” claimed he Stalinist agent in 1940. His touring the country speaking “Both the Democrats and Re­ approved such provocative burned this on the way to kill killer was released from a Mexican prison May 6. on, “The Cuban Revolution as I publicans,” the socialist candi-. flights. Yet the release of the Trotsky. It was proved shortly Saw It.” date continued, “rushed in to secret agent who murdered after the murder that the pass­ Dobbs was interviewed by say how Russia brutally shot Trotsky on Stalin’s orders was port was originally issued to Pat Higgins on the local NBC down an unarmed pilot who an important event, deserving Tony Babich, a naturalized Can­ Unions Launch program, “Up to the Minute,” happened to stray on the Soviet more attention than it received. adian citizen who was killed while on a campaign visit here. borders. Then it turns out the Whatever doubts may have fighting the fascists in the Span­ He was also interviewed on pilot was clear in the heart of remained in some minds over ish civil war. The passport was Labor Party KFBM. Russia. . . .The Pentagon gang the political identity of the altered by Stalin’s secret poli­ On the “Up to the Minute” and their hirelings in the killer were completely re­ tical police, the NKVD, for use show, Higgins also asked Dobbs bought press were caught red- moved by the circumstances of by “Jacson.” In Canada if it wasn’t true that the Cuban handed, spying and lying. . . . his release. The Czechoslovak government By Tom Kerry governm ent has made the U.S. The people feel Washington is He was taken from the prison provided “Jacson” with a dip­ a "whipping boy.” trying to make fools out of just before noon, driven in a lomatic passport for his exit The convention decision of “ From w hat I ’ve seen in them .” prison van for about a mile and from Mexico. Made out in the the Canadian Labor Congress to Cuba,” replied Dobbs, “the Dobbs was interviewed by the transferred to a government name of “Jacques Mornard Van launch an independent political Cubans have very good cause major San Francisco dailies limousine. The automobile drove Dendreschd,” it did not list his party has given some of our top for complaining about the treat­ at the office of Vincent Hallinan, onto the ramp where the plane place of birth or the names of “ labor statesmen” a bad case of ment they are getting from the M ilitant photo by J. H. prominent attorney and a na­ of Cubana’s Flight 465 was (Continued on Page 2) the jitters. United States.” Gladys Barker Grauer, Socialist Workers candidate for U.S. senator from New Jersey, tionally known independent so­ The CLC is the Canadian sec­ In support of this view, Dobbs at her home in Newark. She is an active member of the Avon Ave. Parent Teachers Association cialist. Hallinan announced at -The Truth About Cuba. tion of the AFL-CIO. At its re­ cited the “petty harassing ac­ and the Clinton Hill Neighborhood Council, which is pressing for improved school facilities in the press conference his sup­ cent national assembly in Mon­ tion of the U.S. in withdrawing the area. When the sit-in demonstrations began in the South, Mrs. Grauer joined the weekly port of Dobbs’ candidacy. (See story below.) treal, 1,600 delegates represent­ its agricultural inspectors from sympathy picket line organized at the Woolworth store in the downtown shopping area. Her Cuban ports. These inspectors ing 1,458,576 members, enthusi­ three children in photo above are Edward, Antoinette and Edith. Brazen Course Do They Have a Case astically adopted a resolution had checked shipments of tropi­ submitted by the CLC executive cal fruit before they were The events since May 7, when committee to collaborate with loaded. In case o f com plaint, a Khrushchev announced the the Canadian Co-operative Com­ correction could be made before capture of an American pilot shipping. Cuba must now ship "They Can't Scare Us," monwealth Federation (CCF) in whose plane had been shot Against US Role? preparing a founding convention uninspected fruit to U.S. ports down May 1 while on an to launch the new party. where rejection may mean loss “espionage” mission deep in By Joseph Hansen of the cargo as well as the cost The action of the Canadian Soviet territory, fully bear out of shipping. Say Students in South Dobbs’ charges. AFL-CIO unions constitutes a Second in a series of articles. Declaring the revolution “is At first the State Department, challenge and repudiation of the bringing many important ben­ By Myra Tanner Weiss rested and sent to jail on charges proprietor for directions to the A favorite theme of the capitalist press is that the new ruinous coalition politics to the White House and the Penta­ efits to the Cuban people,” of “trespassing.” street we were looking for. He gon replied to the Soviet report which the American union lead­ NEW YORK CITY, May 7 — Cuban government is doing everything it can to “ provoke” Dobbs told his television au­ The New York Times didn’t looked at. us with confusion by tripping over each other in ers cling despite disastrous con­ the United States. dience that U.S. policy toward Today’s New York Times reports list the names of those who were on his face: “You can’t be look­ a series of bald-faced lies. When sequences in both countries. Here we are in the U.S., an easy-going people like the Cuba is making the American that nearly 50 youth have been taken to jail. Its happened to ing for that street, lady,” he Washington saw that its lies Swiss, inclined to mind our own business, anxious just The labor movement in Can­ people look “mean, greedy and so m any hundreds of students said. “That’s colored.” would be exploded because the ada, as in this country, has been grasping.” arrested in Durham, North Car­ to get by and live in peace, not bothering anybody; and olina — seven white students throughout the South that even The street we wanted was U.S. pilot declined: to use his subjected to ferocious employer the police can’t keep the records (Continued on Page 3) suicide kit, the State Depart­ then, for no good reason at all, this big, paranoiac country attack bolstered by savage and about 40 Negro youth. They sat down at a lunch counter in straight. In Orangeburg, South ment decided on a course so union-busting legislation. Spear­ of Cuba, a militaristic nation armed to the teeth, suddenly a Kress store and refused to Carolina, Jim Lambrecht and I brazen as to d e fy historical starts pushing us around, like it was trying to start some­ heading the assault on labor are Lovell Assails attended the trial of what was comparison. the capitalist political parties in leave until they were served. For this “crime” the manager supposed to be 51 of 380 stu­ It blandly announced that, thing. Most ominous of all, according to this way of report­ control of government. This ing recent developments, the Cubans began screaming sub­ Washington on of the Kress store had them ar- dents arrested. When the roll yes, the U.S. p ilo t was on a gangup on labor by the Cana­ of prisoners was called, it was spying mission; that spy planes versive anti-American sentiments at us. That, of course, dian version of the Republicans discovered there were only 7. would continue to fly over the proves the existence of a sinister plot, the ultimate aim of and Democrats led' to a funda­ Plane Incident Four students had been listed Soviet Union; and that the im­ which is to move in on our country and take us over. mental reconsideration of the N.Y. Panel twice. minent danger of a Soviet coalition policy which was pat­ If you visit Cuba, you get a different impression. It’s DETROIT, May 10 — Frank I don’t know for sure who is “massive surprise attack” on the terned after that pursued by the Lovell, Socialist Workers party “free world” was “ample war­ a small narrow island that would reach from San Fran­ To Discuss among the 50 new victims of American union heads. candidate for U.S. Senator, bit­ Kress’ “justice” in Durham, but rant” for such invasions of So­ cisco to about Salt Lake City. In area it ’s no bigger than This critical evaluation of la­ terly denounced the White I am almost certain three young viet territory. Pennsylvania. They guess that the census now being taken bor’s political policy has oc­ House, State Department and Sobell Case men Jim and I talked to are in­ These madmen are utterly cupied the attention of the Cana­ Pentagon for “a sinister con­ cluded. One was Donovan Phil­ contemptuous of the truth. They w ill show about six and a half million people. NEW YORK — Noted public dian union leaders for the past spiracy to keep the cold war lips, 19, business administration even ignore the memory of the Although the countryside is a lush tropical green, the figures w ill discuss the case of several years. The April 1960 alive through provocation and major at North Carolina State American public about widely- people are poor. Here’s how Robert Taber, in the Jan. 23 Morton Sobell at a public meet­ special convention issue of espionage.” He also accused College. Another was John Ed­ known facts. These assertions ing Tuesday evening, May 24, at (Continued on Page 2) (Continued on Page 4) them of “calculated lies that wards, a quiet, young worker- were made a few days after the the Community Church, 40 East show the brazen contempt they leader of Durham’s high school U.S. Army itself had released have for the American people.” 35th Street. Sobell was rail­ a study proving “that the So­ roaded to prison for “conspiracy and college youth. And the Lovell’s indictment hit the third was Robert Markham, so­ viet Union was not even at­ to commit espionage.” Help Fight Bipartisan Democrats as well as the Re­ ciology major at North Caro­ tempting to build a force that publicans: “Not a single Demo­ The speakers are: Congress­ lina State. would enable it to start a gen- cratic presidential candidate, of man Randal Harmon of In­ A ll three of these young men M yra Tanner Weiss, Social­ ( Continued on Page 4) the many yakking away for diana, Norman Thomas, Rev. have given themselves com­ ist Workers candidate for "Operation Suicide"! months, have so far had the Thomas Kilgore, Dwight Mc­ pletely to the struggle to end Vice-President of the United nerve to denounce this latest Donald, Conrad Lynn and Mrs. segregation in the South. Every States. She recently made a N.Y. Meet Will Hear By Tom Kerry privilege of conducting war­ capitalist government is run? outrage of the administration.” Morton Sobell. Sponsors in­ day is a tense day of organiza­ tour of six states in the South like operations over the ter­ Better to live and let the Lovell is campaigning for an clude: Rev. John Haynes tion — organizing pickets, or­ together with Jim Lambrecht, Dobbs Cuban Report When in the past we’ve ritory of the Soviet Union. lying scoundrels wriggle out of end to atomic tests and produc­ Holmes, Rabbi Harry Halpern, ganizing protest demonstrations National Secretary of the NEW YORK — Farrell Dobbs, spoken of the struggle for a A ll, of course, in the name the tangled web of fraud and tion, w ith d ra w a l of a ll U.S. Maxwell Geismar, Murray at trials, organizing legal aid Young Socialist Alliance. They presidential nominee of the So­ socialist America as a life and of "freedom, democracy and deception which is of their own troops from abroad and an end Kempton, Max Eastman, John and raising funds for the talked with student leaders of cialist Workers party, w ill speak death matter for humanity peace." weaving. The plane was equip­ to cold-war provocations of any Finerty and Dr. Reinhold Nie­ struggle. Studies at school will the sit-in movement on seven on “The Cuban Revolution As I there were always some skeptics The “blunder”, they say, was ped with an automatic device to kind. . buhr. have to wait for the victory of campuses. Comrade Weiss w ill Saw It” at a public meeting here who accused us of exaggeration. not in violating the sovereignty blow itself apart presumably the integration movement. soon begin a national tour to Friday at 8 p.m., May 20. The Can there any longer be any of another nation, but in getting after the pilot had been safely A racist with foul language help rally support for the Ne­ meeting will be held at the doubt? The lunatic self-touted caught. This is in line with ejected. Knowing the morality “ Need to Put Union in Politics,” on his tongue came up to gro demonstrators in the M ilitant Labor Forum, 116 Uni­ leaders of the “free world” who the axiom of the ward-heeling of his employers and their total M r. Phillips on one of the South. versity Place. rule this country have once boodlers who dominate and con­ disregard of life and limb — picket lines and promised to again pushed mankind to the trol the two capitalist parties. someone else’s of course — in Says Chicago Teamsters Rally cut his throat from ear to ear. edge of the abyss. T his is Any Tammany hack will tell the service of the almighty dol­ "Okay," Donovan Phillips re­ “brinkmanship” gone berserk! you: “It’s no crime to steal — lar, he took no chances of get­ By Howard Mayhew plied, "Cut my throat. I'll just Hallinan Endorses Dobbs be dead." Nothing could be When in the past we made a the real crime is in getting ting himself blown up along caught.” This is the morality with the plane. CHICAGO, May 7 — Thirteen and the current critical situation. worse for him than to submit special appeal for funds to con­ thousand teamsters jammed the “The past two-and-a-half year As Presidential Candidate test the election of capitalist that pervades the ruling Circles The capitalist politicians and without protest ever again to Stock Yard Amphitheatre last fight of the Teamsters’ Union in­ SAN FRANCISCO, May 9 — such low intellectual stature as candidates, there were always of the most hypocritically pious their pundits are outraged! Con­ the injustice and humiliation night in a giant rally to defend volves issues serious enough to Vincent Hallinan announced his some who said: We sympathize government on earth. gressmen in House and Senate, of segregation. "They just Harry Truman or a Richard the unions against the current be worth our lives to win,” he endorsement of Farrell Dobbs, with you, we feel it is good for In a way, Eisenhower’s “oper­ Democrats and Republicans, as­ can't scare us any more." Nixon to become President and employer - government attacks. said. presidential candidate of the So­ socialists to speak out against ation suicide” is symbolic of a sailed the hallowed halls of gov­ young Phillips said with quiet Vice-President respectively?” The theme of the meeting was In reviewing the slrike pride. cialist Workers party, at a joint the evils of capitalism, but as putrefying social system, which ernment with anguished howls As the 1952 Progressive party expressed by the mammoth struggles of the thirties and press conference, with Dobbs a practical matter we think it has too long evaded the his­ of the “psychological defect” With this spirit the sit-in banner bearer, Hallinan vigor-, lapel buttons inscribed, "Team­ the gains the unions have here today. is better to spend our time, ef­ torical .oblivion which is its which led the misguided pilot movement in Durham has been ously opposed the U.S. “police sters’ Volunteers in Politics,” made despite the opposition The 1953 Progressive party fort and money to help a ‘lesser ultimate fate. Speculation is to stay alive to the embarrass­ built. From the beginning of action” in Korea. As attorney distributed to the huge throng of the bosses and their agents presidential candidate said, evil’ candidate who has a chance rife about how the American ment of the saintly Eisenhower their struggle last February for Harry Bridges when the as they filled the hall. in government, Hoffa men­ “While I do not belong to Mr. of being elected. spy-pilot remained alive after and his cronies. The journalistic they succeeded in closing the government tried to deport the all of the elaborate precautions toadies are already implying “This is the first time the tioned those who made major lunch counters of segregating Dobbs’ party, I support his bid West Coast Longshore Union Can there' be any lesser evil taken to preclude such a pos­ that the pilot was, in reality, a Teamsters are forming a politic­ contributions to the fight. In stores — Walgreen’s, Wool- for the presidency. He is the leader, Hallinan was twice rail­ choice among any of the can­ s ib ility . “communist” agent. al body,” Chicago Teamster of­ this connection he referred to worlh’s and Kress.’. The May 3 only socialist candidate in the roaded to prison for his ex­ didates of the rival capitalist The young man was given a Under capitalism, operation ficial and chairman of the rally, Farrell Dobbs as one who arrest of 50 more youth in Dur­ field. I cannot support any Re­ posure of the government’s red­ ■parties who have, w ith o u t ex­ revolver, a dagger and a poison suicide is the perspective of­ Ray Schoessling, told the audi­ helped make possible the ham should tell the segregators publican or Democratic politi­ baiting anti-labor attack. ception, rallied to the support needle, and specific instruc­ fered mankind. The only alter­ ence. “We recognize the great area-wide collective Team­ that the movement w ill not stop cian.” He opposed the liquidation of of “leader” Eisenhower in his tions to use one or all three to native is socialism. There is no political power of our own mem­ sters' contracts involving 12 until integration is won. Commenting ironically on the the Progressive party, maintain­ game of “Russian roulette” with avoid being captured alive in “lesser evil.” If you believe bership, once it is organized. We central stales. (Dobbs left the In Orangeburg, South Caro­ low caliber of major party poli­ ing the need for continuing op­ the lives 6f the people? case o f “ accident.” Die? For that, you will help us carry are in a great struggle. We need Teamsters' union in 1940 to lina. Jim and I met almost the ticians, Hallinan quipped that position to the two capitalist The whole world stands what? For the greater glory forward the struggle for So­ a political body.” become Labor Secretary of entire Student Council at South this country is unsurpassed in parties. He supported the So- aghast at the brazen effront­ of Washington and Wall Street? cialism. Send your contribu­ James Hoffa, general-presi- the Socialist Workers party. Carolina State College. It was the amount of “intellectual de­ cia lis t Workers presidential ery of the dollar patriots who, To save face for the stockjob­ tion to: Socialist Fund, 116 Uni­ denl, reviewed the past 28 years Later he became the parly's already dark when we arrived mocracy” it permits. “Where ticket in 1956 and has actively having been caught redhand- bers, money-grubbers and price versity PI., New York 3, N. Y. of thè American labor move­ candidate for President of the in town. We pulled up at a else,” he said, “could you find a promoted united independent so­ ed, now claim the sacred gougers for whose benefit this ( See Scoreboard, Page 2.) ment, the role of the teamsters ( Continued on Page 3) gas station and asked the white country that allowed men of cialist political action. Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, May 16, 1960 Leaders of Anti-Pass Struggle Korean War — Who Lied, Who Told Truth? By Ari Preis in the U.S.-UN propaganda dike. of the participants in war un­ They rushed to plug it. British der an opaque film of psychol­ (Second in a series of articles) In South Africa Are Socialists Tory Anthony Eden, who was ogical and moralistic termino­ to succeed Winston Churchill in By Frances James split in the Congress movement dom Charter. And we pledge Without pausing even to ques­ logy. Responsibility for war is1 1955 as British Prime Minister, thus reduced to “ who shot first?” . is given by P. Nkutsoeu Raboro- ourselves to strive together, tion President Truman’s in­ wrote in the New York Times According to British as well as ko, one of the PAC leaders, in sparing neither strength nor volvement of' this country in a In this case, the W hite House South African sources the Pan- of J u ly 17, 1950: “ The fig h tin g in the April-June 1960 issue of courage, until the democratic war in Korea, the American said North Korea; ,the Kremlin Korea is not, of course, a civil said South Korea. Africanist Congress was the ini­ Africa South: ' changes here set out have been trade-union leaders promptly of­ tiator and organizer of the re­ war in a distant land. It is a But Moscow, little desiring to "The Africanists are the for­ w on.” fered “labor’s all” to safeguard cent mass actions against the trial of strength between com­ build up any independent rev­ mer members of the original the Rhee dictatorship. “The hated pass system of the racist No Equality munism and the free world.” olutionary force, denied the ANC Youth League, the hard labor leaders fell into line like Verwoerd regime. In the light Great Britain and the “free North Koreans any aircraft. The core who remained unswerv­ The Pan-Africanists have cri­ orderlies snapping to attention,” of the deep impact this mass world” — which boiled down to 50,000-man North Korean army ingly loyal to the ideas and ticized the “chartist” perspective reported Albert Parker in the movement has made on the free­ had only a few already-anti-. principles of the liberatory of the ANC on the following July 10, 1950, Militant. AFL only 16 members of the UN out­ dom movement throughout A fri­ quated Soviet World War II movement when disintegra­ grounds: “To them,” writes President W illiam Green, in the side of the United States — ac­ ca, it is exceptionally important tu a lly contributed about 50,000 tanks, according to a Korean dis­ tion set into it and gravitation Raboroko, “master and slave— July, 1950, American Federation- to report that the Pan-African­ troops in all to this “trial of patch in the July 31, 1950, New began towards the ideas of the exploiter and the exploited, ist, called for “all-out prepared­ ists openly proclaim a socialist strength,” compared to the five- York Herald Tribune. The North such movements of the ruling the oppressor and oppressed, the ness” and the “mobilization of program and reveal considerable m illio n members of U.S. armed Korean forces and their South class as Moral Rearmament, degrader and degraded — are labor” to back Truman’s Korean knowledge of Marxist theory Korean supporters, said this the Congress of Democrats all equals. To them indigenous action. CIO President Philip forces sent to the Korean thea­ and method. same dispatch, “are supplying and the Liberal party." African nationals and immigrant Murray wired' Truman his ter of war in three years. The Pan-Africanist Congress European foreign nationals — “wholehearted and unstinting TRUMAN In a historic declaration pub­ themselves rather plentifully grew out of a left-wing split The Pan-Africanist Congress the dispossessed and their dis- support.” UAW President Wal­ lished in the Militant and re­ with arms and material from re­ with the older African National has a m em bership of about 200,- printed throughout most of the treating American and South possessors, the victim s and th e ir ter Reuther, with his usual pithy U.S. participation in a war was Congress in November, 1958. 000 according to the testimony world except in the Soviet bloc Korean troops.” robbers — are all countrymen. language, declared: “We regret attacked for the first time in a Years of ideological battles, pro­ of its president, Robert Sobuk- countries, James P. Cannon, w o rkin g masses have risen up When the North Korean forces For the progressive and the re­ the use of military power, but radio broadcast during the war. grammatic disputes and tactical we, in the Johannesburg re­ SWP national secretary, on July to drive out the native parasites were compelled to retreat after actionary — the African subject we didn’t make the decision, the Speaking over the network of differences preceded the split. gional court where he is now 31, 1950, addressed “A letter to as w e ll as th e ir foreign protec­ General Douglas MacArthur and his foreign overload, the Commies did.” the Am erican Broadcasting According to PAC leaders, these standing trial for “inciting A fri­ the President and Members of tors. made a successful amphibious African nationalist and the As for the Stalinists, their Company, under the FCC regu­ internal struggles and the test of cans to violate the pass laws.” the Congress.” His uncompro­ “Whatever the wishes of the landing at their rear, Lt. Gen. colonialist or white supremacist, ranks betrayed utter bewilder­ lations, Joseph Hansen, SWP experience in action have thor­ The old Congress movement mising attack on the U.S. war- Kremlin, a class war has been George E. Stratemeyer, com­ the liberationalist and collabor­ ment. Their vehicle, the Pro­ candidate for U.S. Senator from oughly. demonstrated that the adheres to a program of “broad makers answered the chief lies unfolding in Korea. The North mander of the U.S. Far Eastern ationist — are all brothers.” gressive party, badly split, re­ New York State, devoted a half- ANC leaders have abandoned humanism” expressed in the in­ about the Korean struggle. He Korean regime, seeking to mo­ Forces, told the United Press in The Pan-Africanists for their mained silent in the first weeks hour address to an exposure of “African nationalism and its his­ ternationally known “Freedom wrote in part: bilize popular support, has de­ October 1950: “ The success of toric tasks” of liberation through Charter” which proclaims in its part envisage the establishment of the war. Three weeks after the imperialist nature of Tru­ the Allied operations in Korea “The explosion in Korea ex­ creed land reforms and taken self-determination and have be­ preamble, “We, the people of of “a non-racial democracy in the start of the war, former U.S. m an’s policies and the class had depended on the fact that pressed the profound desire of nationalization measures in the come identified “with the ideas South Africa, black and white South Africa as well as through­ Vice-President, Henry Wallace, character of the struggle in Ko­ the Communists had no air force the Koreans themselves to unify territories it has won. . . . and program of the ruling class.” together — equals, countrymen out the whole of Africa” as a the “Gideon” of the Progressive rea. \yorthy of the name.” If they their country, to rid themselves “These reforms, these prom­ A sketch of the history of the and brothers — adopt this Free- goal that can be reached only party’s self-proclaimed “Gideon’s Hansen said: “America is dan­ had had one, he added, “we of foreign domination and to win ises of a better economic and so­ through a prior victory in the Army” for “peace” and its 1948 gerously close to the police state. would not be in Korea today.” their complete national inde­ cial order have attracted the struggle for the national self- presidential candidate, issued a The people were not consulted A New York Times summary of pendence. It is true that the peasants and workers. This determination of the Africans. p ublic statem ent backing U.S. about plunging into the civil the war at that time conceded Kremlin seeks to take advan­ prospect of a new life is what ...Truth About Cuba Raboroko, in the previously intervention and urging contin­ war in Korea. Not even Con­ that “a squadron or two of Rus­ tage of this struggle for its own has imbued a starving subject (Continned fro m Page 1) cited Africa South articles, uation of “our fight against the gress was consulted. Truman sian planes could have turned reactionary ends and would sell people with the w ill to fight to quotes the Africanist program as North Korean troops.” After usurped the power of taking the tide against the United Na­ Nation, succinctly described their situation before the it tomorrow if it could get an­ the death. This is the ‘secret follow s: this, Wallace quit the PP. A America into war.” tions.” revolution that overthrew the Batista dictatorship. other deal with Washington. But weapon’ that has wrested two- few Republicans in Congress, in­ He concluded with the appeal: (Next week: “A Civil War.”) “ Cuba’s illiteracy rate was one of the highest in the hemis­ "To unite and to rally the cluding Senator Taft, com­ “We ask you to protest armed the struggle itself has the over­ thirds of South Korea from U.S. phere, 33.5 per cent. A million Cuban women and children African people into one na­ plained for the record about intervention in Korea. Let’s get whelming and whole-hearted imperialism and its native Advertisement had never w orn shoes. H a lf a m illio n campesinos had never tional front on the basis of Truman’s disregard of Congress out of this undeclared, unap­ support of the Korean people. It agents and withstood the troops tasted milk, or meat. More than a million had never had African nationalism. in dragging the U.S. into war— proved, unjust, unpopular war is part of the mighty uprising of and bombing fleets of mighty even the most rudimentary medical care. Thousands of "To fight for the overthrow and then they voted for new with Korea. Let the Korean the hundreds of millions of W all Street. . . .” guajiros in the Sierra Maestra were as isolated from the rest of white domination and for huge military appropriations people decide their own fate.” colonial people throughout Asia Among those who tried most of the nation as though they lived on an island in the Pacific, the implementation and and a new draft law. If the conflict in Korea was a against Western imperialism. assiduously to deny, conceal or Have You without roads, communications, or any contact with the out- maintenance of the right of Only one voice clearly and civil war, then U.S., UN or any This is the real truth, the real play down the class character • side world.” self determination for the boldly opposed U.S. intervention other outside interference was issue. The colonial slaves don’t of the Korean War were the To go to Cuba and talk with these people is highly African people. in Korea and spoke the wish of expressly prohibited by the UN want to be slaves any longer. Stalinists themselves. They had Read These? educational. They are most friendly. In fact they are eager "To work and strive for the the American majority. The So­ charter. It forbade UN mem­ “This is more than a fight for long since abandoned the Marx­ The struggle for- Negro for Americans to visit Cuba. If you ask them about their establishment and the main­ cialist Workers party, through bers “to interfere in matters unification and national libera­ ist conception that the nature of tenance of an Africanist so­ its candidates and leaders, pub­ which are essentially within the tion. It is a civil war. On the wars is determined by the class equality has many facets — revolution they w ill go out of their way to explain it to cialist democracy, recognizing licly denounced the U.S. inva­ domestic jurisdiction of any one side are the Korean work­ interests and classes involved. and a long background. To be­ you, for they are as proud of it as we are of our revolution the primacy of the material sion of Korea and called for the state.” The clever British dip­ ers, peasants and student youth. They had adopted the imperial­ come more effective in the of 1776. In fact you’ll find much in common, for they like and spiritual interests of the withdrawal of all American lomatists, with several centuries On the other are tire Korean ist lingo of “aggressor" and fight, you need to be well in­ to cite us as one of their examples. From Patrick H enry’s individual. troops from the Far East. A of background in every sort of landlords,usurers, capitalists and “n o n-aggressor,” “ peace-lover” formed. Check this list of their police and political agents. and “war-lover,” which conceals books for any gaps in your "To advance the concept of truly unique and historic event imperialist intervention, were famous words they even chose the main slogan of their reading; and then take ad­ the Federation of Southern occurred on July 15, 1950, when the quickest to see the huge hole The impoverished and exploited the class nature and class aims revolution: “Liberty or Death!” vantage of the special prices. Africa and of Pan African­ But you had better brace yourself for a shock if you ism." Black Reconstruction in haven’t done a little reading about Cuba before landing in America 1860-1880. B y W. E. Havana. They think that in its attitude toward struggles Charge of Black Racism . . . Prague Accepts Trotsky’s Murderer B. Dubois. 746 pp. Originally $6.50. N ow $3.95 (cloth). for independence the USA has changed considerably since In answer to the ANC charge 1776. They look at the United States today the way our that the Africanists expound a (Continued fro m Page 1) last Sunday and reliable sources A more objective attitude was That is exactly why Stalin’s The Wall Between. By taken by the St. Louis Post Dis­ heirs were so interested in get­ Anne Braden. 306 pp. Orig­ “poisonous and sterile racialism” his parents. But it was good say his mission was to arrange revolutionary forefathers looked at Tory England. Instead patch which expressed regret at ting Trotsky’s assassin in their in a lly $1.85. N ow $1.25 (pa­ and represent a “virulent black for a transit visa through Cuba; for Mercader’s reception in Ha­ of acting as a good neighbor, America, they ar e convinced, the pending disappearance of hands. They want to end once per). fascism” Raboroko says: “A fri­ and Mexican officials said that vana and the trip to Europe.” has done them great damage. It has forced their economy “Stalin’s best-known trigger- and for all the danger that this Caste, Class and Race. B y canists attach no political sig­ on his arrival in Prague he According to a May 7 Asso­ man.” For “unless the man was professional butcher might final­ Oliver Cromwell Cox. 624 pp. into abnormal shape, siphoned off their wealth, and saddled nificance to the biological make­ would assume Czechoslovak ciated Press dispatch from Ha­ ly speak and reveal to the world them with oppressive regimes. up of any people. . . . The crucial citizenship. They did not ex­ vana, “Mornard’s arrival came an ignorant. tool, blindly obe­ O rig in a lly $7.50. N ow $4 dient to others, how much he their share of the guilt in one (cloth). They do not blame the American people. Their experi­ issue today is whether the in­ plain why the Czech govern­ about the time that two Czech terests of the five million Eu­ ment felt impelled to extend this officials reached Havana from could tell of what led to the of the most unspeakable crimes The Strange Career of Jim ence is that the ordinary American is a well-meaning, in all history. ropeans throughout Africa must honor to Trotsky’s murderer. Prague. They are Jaromie end of Leon Trotsky!” Crow. B y C. V ann W oodward. favorably disposed person; unfortunately he doesn’t know continue to dominate over those “Jacques Mornard” was the Pesek and Vartinie Jansa, de­ 183 pp. O rig in a lly $1.50. N ow much about Cuba or any other Latin-American country of the two hundred and eighty name he used when he was in­ scribed as members of an official $1-19 (cloth). and he is inclined to accept as gospel whatever he reads in million Africans, or whether the troduced to Sylvia Ageloff, the commercial mission.” Drive for New Readers Black Bourgeoisie. B y E. the newspapers. The Cubans blame the financiers and reverse process should obtain.” American girl with whom he Several Soviet oil tankers are Franklin Frazier. 264 pp. $4 (cloth). Africanist President Sobukwe lived as husband for some two either docked in Havana or ex­ monopolists, who, in contrast to the working man, study Moving Into High Gear Negroes on the March. By answers the charge of black years in order to establish entry pected, on which Mercader Latin America assiduously and are very alert to economics D aniel G uerin. 190 pp. $1.50 racism in the November, 1959 to the Trotsky household. might leave for Eastern Europe. By Karolyn Kerry (cloth). $1 (paper). and politics below the Rio Grande. issue of the magazine Drum, When the Mexican police When he arrived in Havana with Business Manager, the M ilitant Origins of the New South, One of the things that rankle with the Cubans is a published in Johannesburg: “A ll questioned him after the mur­ his two Czech diplomatic friends long-standing tendency in Washington to look at their nationalist movements on the der, he added the “Van Den- or guards, he disappeared from In my article two weeks ago entire series. While on the sub­ 1877-1913. B y C. Vann W ood­ continent aim at wiping out dreschd” to the foregoing alias, public sight. According to the in the Militant I reported that, ject of Cuba, we received a ward. O rig in a lly $6.50 (cloth). country as a prize to be taken like the Louisiana Purchase brief note from a new sub­ racism, imperialism and so on. claiming that he had been born May 9 London Daily Telegraph, in the first 15 days of our spe­ N ow $6. or Texas, California, and the other parts of the West which scriber last week enclosing $10 In a United States of Africa at Teheran in 1904, the son of a he is “being kept in temporary cial 50 cents for six months in­ The Struggle for Negro we seized from Mexico. They can quote declarations going there w ill be no ‘racial groups’ Belgian diplomat. This was seclusion . by Czech embassy troductory subscription cam­ for a subscription and all back Equality. By Saunders and issues of the M ilitant containing back as far as Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams on and I am certain, that with the proved to be false. officials.” paign, we averaged approx­ Parker. 48 pp. 10 cents. articles on the Cuban revolution. freedom movement from Cape As was to be expected, Mer­ imately ten new subs per day. The Class Struggle Road to the advisability of eventually grabbing Cuba. They cite Identity Known Each day’s mail this past to Cairo, Morocco to Madagas­ cader’s release was accompanied This was very good but I pre­ Negro Equality. A Resolution proposals of statesmen of the Southern slavocracy to wrest dicted that when all of our sub month has been a real tonic. car, the concentration of so- The true id e n tity of the assas­ by slander of the martyred Trot­ adopted by the Socialist Cuba from Spain and make it another slave state. sky’s followers. Here is how it campaigners swung into action What I crave is more tonic—in called ‘minority groups’ w ill dis­ sin has been established as Workers party. 24 pp. 25 Cuba’s struggle for independence from Spain began appeared in the May 6 dispatch we would better that figure. the economy size if you know appear.” Jaime Ramon Mercader del Rio cents. from Mexico City to the New I am happy to report that what I mean! in 1868. It is the conviction of the Cubans that this struggle P. Raboroko expresses the Hernandez. He was born in Bar­ Desegregation: Labor's York Times: the results to date not only con­ could have been won rather rapidly had aid .been forthcom­ Africanist position on this ques­ celona, Spain, in 1914. (On the Stake ih the Fight. B y Jean “Mexican officials have said firmed my prediction but ex­ tion in terms that reveal a deep Czechoslovak diplomatic pass­ Coffee Bean Explosion? Simon. 16 pp. 25 cents. ing from America. Instead, Washington’s policy was to that Mornard himself feared he ceeded my fondest expectation. familiarity with the Leninist port, according to the press, he At the end of this year’s sea­ prevent Cuba from gaining her independence, the reason­ would be killed by pro-Trotsky For the 25-day period, from Pioneer Publishers concept of the interrelation be­ gave his age as 52, a discrepancy son there w ill be an estimated elements soon after his release. April 15 to May 10, we have re- ing being that it was better to let the declining Spanish tween national self-determina­ of six years.) All the known surplus of 64 million bags of 116 U n iversity Place The surprise departure seemed ceived 360 new subscriptions empire retain rule until the “fruit” became “ripe” where­ tion struggles and the achieve­ facts about Mercader are pre­ coffee, enough to meet world designed to avoid this happen­ and 87 renewals. This has N ew Y o rk 3, N . Y . upon it could be expected to drop into the waiting Ameri­ ment of equality through the sented in Isaac Don Levine’s needs for a year and a half. ing in Mexico.” boosted our average to 15 new socialist revolution. Referring book, “The Mind of an Assas­ can lap. The truth is that Trotsky’s subscribers per day since the to the contradictory “opposites” sin,” including photographs from Cuba’s freedom fighters continued to battle against followers have every interest in beginning of our 50-cent elec­ of worker and exploiter, black the family album, and evidence keeping the killer alive. Trot­ tion special. the Spanish tyranny. By 1898 victory was in their hands. and white, indigenous African that he and his mother were sky’s guards decided this, im­ If we maintain this average However, in January of that year President McKinley and European colonialist, he Stalinists. mediately after Mercader had throughout the 90-day period began open preparations for war on Spain. At the end of says, “ The problem of the syn­ Levine seeks to use the as­ driven a pickaxe in the So­ of the special sub campaign we It's Special thesis of opposites cannot be re­ sassination for anti-Soviet and the month, the U.S. battleship “Maine” was sent to Havana viet leader’s brain. Trotsky, too, will add 1,350 new Militant solved by the wave of the magic even anti-Trotskyist purposes, harbor. On February 15 it blew up with a loss of 266 lives. while he was still conscious in­ readers to our subscription list. wand.” The “ultimate recon­ but the facts he presents about The true cause of the explosion was never determined, but sisted that his assailant’s life be But I think we can do better. ciliation” between these “sets the killing and who plotted it We have yet to hear from some the suspicion remains that it was a cloak-and-dagger opera­ of antithetical categories,” he in­ are accurate. spared, so that he could talk. The ones who have most to o f our crack sub-getters During Election tion hatched in Washington. sists, “is possible only in A fri­ Writing from Mexico City, throughout the country. A gain from committing Mercader canism,” that is, in militant Daniel Janies reported in the number of groups are just get­ In any case, utilizing the explosion as a pretext, Con­ to the silence of the grave are African nationalism and the May 8 New York Post that “the ting started. Although we have To help win a wider audience for the truth about gress voted $50,000,000 “for the national defense” and on Moscow’s secret political police establishment of socialist demo­ Soviet cultural attache here, now received subs from every and those at the very top of the such big issues as independent political action, the March 25 declared that a state of war had existed with cracy. Vladimir Novikov, went to Cuba area, there are several Socialist Soviet government who inspired struggle for Negro equality, the freedom fight of coun­ Spain for fou r days. Workers party branches lagging Prague’s department of foreign American troops were landed in Cuba under the pro­ behind whom we know will put tries like Cuba, the growing movement for a world of affairs to make Mercader a on a real-spurt to-catch up with peace and abundance, we’re making a special sub­ claimed aim of aiding the Cuban struggle for independence. Czech citizen. The Spanish-American W ar was short. Spain signed a peace the leaders. scription offer during the election campaign. A full 26 Socialist Fund Scoreboard Trotsky's widow, Natalia, There has been no change in City Quota Paid Percent weeks for only 50 cents! treaty on December 10 ceding the Philippines, Guam and now nearing 80, expressed this the standing of areas since my in a few vigorous words when Puerto Rico outright to the United States and relinquishing Connecticut $ 100 $ 94 94 last report. The five leading We hope you’ll continue to subscribe to America’s Cuba. But American troops did not leave the island. They N ew ark 265 156 59 she told the Mexican press units, in the order of their May 7: "Mornard goes now to fighting socialist newspaper after you’ve read it for 26 stayed four years as an army of occupation. N ew Y o rk 4,300 2,383 55 standing, are: N ew Y o rk (88 D e tro it 625 284 46 his reward of elimination. weeks, but there’s no obligation. Among the things this army did was to prevent the new, 10 renewals), Los Angeles Chicago 800 •325 41 He was just an instrument. We (66 and 17), D e tro it (54 and 11), Cubans from forming a government of their own free D enver 60 24 40 knew that from the beginning. M ilw aukee (28 and 5), and C hi­ choice. The Wall Street interests sought to annex Cuba. Los Angeles 4,500 1,583 35 If he had not succeeded in his cago (19 and 11). However, public clamor rose in the United States against Cleveland 650 194 30 task, some other Krem lin Close behind the leaders are: The Militant hatchet man would have taken such a brazen move. The Democratic party, in striking Boston - 350 100 29 N e w a rk (22 and 3), San F ran­ 116 University Place Philadelphia 400 his place." cisco (17 and 2), T w in Cities (6 contrast to its present-day, bipartisan, “me too” attitude, 116 29 New York 3, N. Y. B ay A rea 925 ■ 260 28 In two editorials (May 8 and and 10), and D enver (11 and 0). made an issue in the 1900 elections of “Republican” imper­ May 9) the N ew Y o rk Times San Diego 245 68 28 Denver, one of those slow in Yes, I’d like to take advantage of your special election sought to utilize the murder of ialism. “Imperialism,” whether Republican or Democratic, M ilw aukee 300 78 26 getting started, writes “Sorry offer. Enclosed is 50 cents for a 26-week subscription. was an accurate label for America’s new role in world St. Louis 80 20 25 Trotsky by Stalin’s secret police we are late in starting our sub as an argument to defend Amer­ affairs. Twin Cities 1,700 385 23 campaign. We hope to bring A lle n to w n ican provocations against the So­ in more than our quota before Today, to expose the hypocrisy of State Department 110 10 9 Name Seattle 500 30 6 viet Union. Trotsky, however, the drive is over.” propaganda, the Cubans remind Americans of that army P ittsburgh 10 0 0 was too powerful a defender of Remember our offer on the the workers state which he of occupation. “You demand that the Castro government General 80 20 25 Cuba series by our editor, Street ...... Apt. hold immediate elections,” they say. “But when your army helped create to be easily uti­ Joseph Hansen. We are pre­ Total through lized in imperialist propaganda pared to supply back numbers occupied our country, you prevented elections from being and it does not seem likely that M ay 10 $16,000 $6,130 38 of the paper to all new sub­ C ity Zone Slate held for four year's.” this twist w ill be followed up. scribers who wish to get the M onday, M a y 16, 1960 T H E MILITANT Page T h réë

Subscription: $3 a year; Ca­ Second class postage paid Prices Go Down in Cuba nadian, $3.50; foreign, $4,50. t h e MILITANT at New York, N. Y. The American Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Managing Editor: DANIEL ROBERTS Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY Published weekly by the M ilitant Publishing Assn., 116 University Pl., N.Y. 3. N.Y. Phone: CH 3-2140. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily' represent the M ilitant's policies. These are expressed in editorials. Way of Life Vol. X X IV — No. 20 M onday, M a y 16, 1960 A $75,000 Award M ay 17 The City of New York has been ordered to pay $75,000 to Johnson Hinton, a 34-year-old Negro. The award May 17 is the sixth anniversary of the in some cases, lay down their lives, to win was made by a Supreme Court jury which upheld Hinton’s U.S. Supreme Court’s school desegregation in fact what they had been granted in law, charges of malicious prosecu- decision. The court then declared: “To so opponents of Jim Crow could only trans­ lion, assault and false arrest. kids are becoming a little less separate them [Negro school children] from late their legal “ rig h t” to integrated schools On April 26, 1957, Hinton saw patriotic and dedicated than they used to be.” others of similar age and qualifications into fact through unremitting struggle. some cops breaking up a fight between a man and woman in solely because of the ir .race generates ,a Nothing could be clearer today! Harlem. He protested the way Mass Paranoia feeling of inferiority as to their status in Who else w ill bring about real and the cops were handling the Do you think that the big couple. the community that may affect their hearts complete school desegregation? That great danger from nuclear fallout is After the police had the couple and minds in a way unlikely ever to be “ moral” preceptor in the White House who radiation poisoning? Take it in a patrol car, they turned to undone.” from Dr. Forrest Western, dep- shies away from the issue as if it were the Hinton. One of the cops, accord­ puty director of the Atomic En­ Who can even measure, let alone undo^ all-time sandtrap of a golfer’s nightmare? ing to testimony at the trial, beat ergy Commission’s office of Or the Dixiecrat-controlled Democratic him on the head, “causing him the damage done to the hearts and minds health and safety, you’ve got it to scream in pain as he fell to of the children still in Jim Crow schools— Congress? The stomach-turning exhibition all wrong. The real danger is “the the ground.” all the Negro children in the Deep South it made of itself on the civil-rights bills impairment of the mental health The other cops joined in beat­ of the people” which is resulting and 99% in the Mid-South — six long years gives the answer to that. ing him, it was testified, until from all the “extravagant dis­ after the above words were officially That the federal courts, left as they he was soaked with blood. He cussions” about fallout. enunciated? And when w ill this warping of have been by the other branches of govern­ was then taken to a station children’s lives end? ment to their own devices, could not, even house where, he charged, he was Dr. Western cited a concrete if they wished, bring real .desegregation in beaten and kicked into uncon­ example of this mental impair­ From its very beginning in 1954, school sciousness. He was then taken to ment In St. Louis, Mo., where desegregation was slow and partial and this century or the next, is now clear. Ac­ a hospital and while there book­ the strontium 90 count in milk confined mostly to the border states. But tually the Supreme Court has steadily re- M ilitant photo by J. H. ed for felonious assault. A grand is said to be the highest in the In a store at a co-operative. It's so new men. The Castro government has announced that initial slowness and deficiency have * treated under racist pressure from its or­ jury later refused to indict him. country, a group of citizens iginal decision to the point where further that the lighting fixtures aren't in yet. Prices plans to make Cuba more self-dependent. Hinton underwent two opera­ asked him if the milk couldn’t come to seem almost swift and full-fledged on consumer goods are set by adding enough to Within a year, for example, it is hoped that retreats would jeopardize the very prin­ tions as a result of the beatings. be processed to reduce the compared to the slowdown and token com­ wholesale costs to cover operating expenses. Cuba can grow her own rice instead of im­ A silver plate had to be inserted strontium content. ciple of desegregation. pliance which ensued after the first two At this store prices were appreciably lower porting it from the U.S. in his skull. The father of four Dr. Forrest replied firmly to years. This present school year marks the Are there any grounds for hope in the than in the big privately owned department The cash register is a prominent reminder children, he has been unable to this addle-paled question. He lowest point yet. The desegregation pro­ coming conventions of the Democratic or stores in Havana. of the distance Cuba must go before capital­ work since and has been living pointed out that at most 50 to M any of the items, such as thread, bolts ism is transcended. But W all Street draws no on city welfare. cess has virtually halted. Only a few new Republican parties? Political observers are 500 p,eople a year w ill die of agreed that the made-to-be-broken plat­ of cloth and canned goods still come from the comfort from this in view of the inroads made' leukemia as a result of past nu­ districts undertook to desegregate this year United States. Under American domination, into imperialist holdings on the island and the Delinquency form promises of these two big business clear testing. There is a way of and the number of Negro pupils involved Cuba was forced to arrange her tariffs so as promise of more to come. "Communism!" processing the milk, he added, nationally totals but a few hundred. parties w ill weasel even more than usual to give preferential treatment to U.S. business- screams the American capitalist press. On the Rise? bu t it w ould cost about $500,000,- on enforcement of school desegregation. Such is the fate of “the law of the. Carl J. Koenig, Civil Defense 000 a year. Would anyone argue, Where then is there any hope? Where he asked, that it’s worth that land” when it runs counter to the vested Director of Bergen County, New are the potential enforcers to make integra­ Jersey, has a beef. He says the much money just to save be­ interests of the Southern racist-big-busi- tion a reality? . . . Negro Students in South younger generation is refusing to tween 50 and 500 lives? ness alliance. They are just now discovering them­ conform like it should. He ex­ In case his questioners could­ dustry from moving into his leaps over the color bar to bring pressed his ire after high school n’t grasp that huge figure, Dr. Does this mean that the famous Su­ selves and assembling their forces — in the (Continued from Page 1) preme Court decision of May 17, 1954, was just across the railroad tracks. town. He said he was glad the white workers and youth to students in his area circulated Western broke it down for sit-downs at Southern lunch counters and there had been no violence in I their feet? When that day petitions protesting the May 4 them. To reduce the strontium an empty victory for the Negro people and We drove across that dividing on the picket lines, South and North. None line and found ourselves in a Orangeburg, evidently forget­ comes racist terror will be a air-raid drill. content in m ilk would cost one their allies? No. It was an important legal of the big business-controlled parties nor different world. The fact that ting the fact that the local po­ nightmare of the past and all Instead of doing what they’re cent a quart. and moral victory. A ll it needs is enforcing organs of government w ill give the Negro it was “colored” was the least lice had tear-gassed the stu­ America can look forward to a told, Koehig complained, today’s Clearly, a proposal to spend a of the differences. It was alive. dents, turned fire hoses on the freer life. youth are going in for demon­ penny a quart to prevent leuke­ —and enforcers. When the latter go into people their rights. The Negro people w ill action, having the legal rig h t w ill be an In the big auditorium a visit­ silent demonstrators and ar­ strations. mia is a psychotic attack on the win these themselves — with the aid of ing band was about to give a rested 380 of them. Total bail “They find it necessary to op- profit system which is the found­ important advantage. Deductible Item allies among the whites, principally among performance. The student came to $38,000. The Internal Revenue Serv­ p o s e everything,” he said, ation of our way of life. When the high court decision was the workers. The Negro students at this lounge was filled with high In Nashville, Tennessee, we ice has allowed a New Jersey “They’re always for or against — Herman Chauka announced six years ago, the M ilita n t school students talking earnestly called on Attorney Z. Alexander contractor to take an income tax this or that or the other thing. very moment are gaining the necessary “The kids, of course, pick this counterposed an attitude of realism to the in scattered groups. The very Looby whose house had been deduction on a $1.8 m illion bribe know-how for the enforcement of school young had “taken over” the dynamited by racists just a few up when they read about the Non-Deductible Fee wishful thinking and jubilation so preval­ he gave to a high official of the desegregation and transmitting this knowl­ lounge for the evening and we nights before. All the lawyers Dominican Republic. The bribe demonstrations in the South, and The Department of Internal ent in the Negro and liberal press to the edge — the power of m ilita n t mass action had a hard time finding,unoc­ in Nashville have given legal was a “necessary and ordinary South Africa, and Korea, and all Revenue, which specializes in effect that “ Jim Crow Schools in the South — to the whole colored population. cupied chairs where we could aid to the embattled students business” expense, the IRS held. over the world. creating tax loopholes for busi­ Are Dead!” We likened the winning of the More than mere historical coincidence sit and talk. A meeting of the there. But for some unex­ “They’ve decided no longer do ness men, has ruled th a t the students who were to be tried plained reason, Mr. Looby and they have to be strict conform­ job fees paid by workers to em­ desegregation decision by the Negro people lies in the following. In the 1930’s, labor the next day gathered in an­ his wife were singled out for Next Week ists, but have adopted the atti­ to the working class’ victory in getting ployment agencies are no longer made a reality of its paper “right” to union­ other building to listen to their destruction. At 5:30 in the A participant's account, by tude, ‘we’ll do something about deductible in computing fed­ Clause 7A into the NRA Codes in 1933. ize through mass struggles marked by sit- lawyers’ advice. morning of April 19 ton to Joyce Cowley, of the mass this.’ eral income tax. That clause gave the workers the “right” downs and picket lines. In the 1960’s the The contrast between the two twenty sticks of dynamite were all-night vigil at San Quen­ “It’s not just CD,” Koenig parts of the town of Orange­ thrown at the front of the dolefully observed. “It shows up on paper to organize unions and bargain Negro people have embarked on a course tin Prison when Caryl Chess­ Why not pass this copy of the burg looked even more stark house. Mr. and Mrs. Looby man was executed. elsewhere, like in the trend collectively, just as the 1954 decision gave of mass struggle marked by sit-downs and the next morning. Forty-six were sleepingv in a rear bed­ nowadays against ROTC. Our Militant on to a friend? the Negro people the “right” on paper to picket lines which w ill make a reality of neatly dressed young Negro stu­ room when three-quarters of integrated schools. their paper “ rig h t” to integrated schools dents ignored segregation signs their house blew up around But, we pointed out, just as the work­ and their other rights “guaranteed” by the in the court house and sat them. We saw the ruins. And In Other Lands quietly along the front benches. the house next door was almost ers had had to battle, suffer beatings and, Constitution. We sat with them. Then a equally destroyed, the stairs white man approached us and hanging crazily from the re­ introduced himself as Julian S. mains of the upstairs bedroom, World Mourns Caryl Chessman Wolfe, Solicitor-General. He miraculously vacant that morn­ was extremely nervous, wring­ ing. Across the street was a Latin Americans Metropolitan Union. “We do this law is enforced.” (Thirty- South Korean Workers Speak ing his hands continuously. He big, modern dormitory that not believe,” said the editorial, five countries, including most of was trying to “explain” to us housed male students at Fisk Express Outrage “that such an absolute, rude and Latin America, have abolished There is scant prospect that Washing­ several teachers associated with Rhee’s the “Southern point of view” University. All the windows inhuman solution as the death the death penalty and many and spilled out all his prejudice ton will realize its hope that the revolu­ hated Liberal party. When troops hurled were shattered by the early sentence may be an argument more do not invoke the law.) in a torrent of almost incoherent In Demonstrations morning blast and I marveled for the maintenance of the social When daylight fell upon the tionary tide in South Korea which swept tear-gas bombs, they wrapped their jackets words. that none of the sleeping stu­ The execution of Caryl Chess­ order.” U.S. consulate in Veracruz, May out the Rhee dictatorship can now be around their faces and stayed put. It took The magistrate also ap­ dents had been injured by the man in San Quentin’s gas cham­ Barbosa Lima Sobrinho, a So­ 6, its premises were covered w ith quelled by promises of superficial reforms. bayonets to disperse them. proached us. He hoped all this shower of broken glass. ber on May 2 caused such an cialist Federal Congressman, painted signs protesting the trouble would not prevent in- Popular pressure for fundamental social A previous student sitdown in front That same day between outburst of hatred toward the commented in the newspaper murder and calling U.S. rulers, change not only remains strong in South of the National Assembly had demanded three and four thousand stu­ U.S. in Latin America that Journal De Brazil, “The United “Assassins.” dents marched on the mayor's American embassies in a num­ Korea, but a vital new ingredient has been that slated public hearings on constitution­ States believes it has the Cuban novelist and short added. For the first time since the student- . . . Teamsters office. The high school stu­ ber of countries had to call for right to Intervene in all the story writer Enrique Labrador al amendments hear not only legal experts, dents didn't even bother to heavy police protection against led uprising, Korean workers have taken countries of the world, but does Ruiz, declared that the execution but workers and farmers too. (Continued from Page 1) get permission to leave school the public’s wrath. Here are not permit a single word which was “a barbarous act. . . . If action in their own name to press demands U.S. in 1948, 1952 and 1956. for the protest demonstration. some of the reactions as Prensa may seem as an intention of The student movement, which electri­ Chessman was guilty, why did on the “caretaker” government. Currently he is the SWP nom­ Now the Negro community is Latina, a Latin American news changing their decisions.” they wait so many years to fied the world with its daring challenge to inee for the same office.) raising money to rebuild Mr. agency, reported them: In Quito, Ecuador, hundreds of execute him? Why were they “The agitation for drastic economic Hoffa ripped into the Ken­ Looby's home which had been Rhee’s powerful police force, has now es­ “North Americans, past mas­ University students demonstrat­ afraid to pardon him? Is it th at nedy - Landrum - Griffin Law insured only to the value of and political reforms . . . has penetrated to tablished a central “Student Committee for ters in the ,-art of propaganda, ed on the main streets, May 3, California’s governor was afraid showing how it takes away the $3.000. an unexpected level of the Korean social the April 19 Uprising,” with representation spend millions of dollars every shouting, “Yankee murderers” of losing his political clientele? order, the porters of Seoul,” reported right of workers to elect their Those frightened white citi­ year trying to gairl sympathy and “Down with Yankee Im- They have committed a real from all m ajor schools. own leadership, opens the affairs • zens, including the mayor, who to their aims,” commented perialism.” Police used tear gas crim e.” Robert Trumbull in the May 11 New York of their organizations to the “ No one doubts,” reports Trum bull, professed shock and indignation Brazilian newspaper Diario De bombs to prevent the demon­ In the opinion of a Bogota, Times. “ Students of Korean affairs do not spying of employers, and intro­ “that the students w ill rise again if their at the dynamite blast could Noticias on May 3. “And yet strators from reaching the Colombia, attorney Rafael Pove- recall when Korea’s most depressed class duces compulsory strikebreak­ easily demonstrate their sym­ with surprising ineptitude they heavily guarded U.S. embassy. demands . . . go unsatisfied for long.” ing. da Alfonso, Chessman “in prac­ has ever spoken up in a body on a question pathy by building a new home throw away a chance to earn Several students were wounded. tice suffered two sentences: 12 of national importance. He cited examples: In Penn­ for the Looby’s themselves so that sympathy free of charge.” But the next day the students Trumbull also reports that “a small sylvania the courts have ruled years in prison and the death that the necessary funds won’t stoned the embassy building and penalty. This is an impressive groundswell of left-wing thought” has de­ that a union’s right to distribute Protest demonstrations still “Yesterday saw the first organized have to come out of the pockets broke many windows. The po­ cruelty, pointing out the defi­ veloped in the country and is particularly handbills is in violation of the of the Negro community, pock­ continued on May 8 in Brazil political move by the muscular porters, lice violently dispersed the de­ ciencies of justice in this twen­ new law; in Texas the law is ets that are already emptied by where 2,600,000 people had who earn a living by carrying enormous strong in Pusan and other southern port monstrators, tangled in single tieth century. Undoubtedly this used to deny Teamster members the need to supply bail for im­ signed petitions that were for­ burdens — sometimes two or three hun­ cities. combat with the students and is the most inhuman penalty a vote in union elections; in an­ prisoned youth. warded to California’s Governor -used Several tear gas bombs. Edmund Brown in a vain at­ ever meted out to any man, espe­ dred pounds — on wooden frames shaped This political development has ripped other case a union v icto ry in a t There was no report as to the Southern Moods tempt to save the prisoner-writ- cially when this man is not like an ‘A ’ strapped to their backs.” the “democratic reform” mask off the plant election was voided under number of injured persons. the law because the property er’s life . guilty of the worst possible interim banker-landlord government of While in the South I was in­ A statement condemning the crim e.” About 100 of the porters, he reports, was “sold” to a new owner. Labor leaders, clergymen, Rhee’s hand-picked successor, Huh Chung. terviewed by six daily news­ U.S. governm ent was issued by In Santiago, Chile, nine la w followed by 600 other people, marched in Neither the Democrats nor civic groups, writers and publi­ papers in three cities. The press students from the teachers col­ students from the University of On May 7 his troops raided a meeting Republicans speak for labor, cations are supporting the cam­ Seoul in defiance of martial-law regula­ treatment given me in these lege in Rio de Janeiro. They Chile protested to American am­ Hoffa declared. The Teamsters’ j paign, initiated by the news­ tions. Shouting and chanting, they demand­ of representatives of about a dozen previ­ Southern papers was no less said the U.S. put itself “to bassador, Walter Howe. Student leadership, he said, has come to | paper Diario Da Noite, to have ously dormant farm, labor and socialist fair and objective than North­ shame before the governments Sonia Sepulveda, asked why the ed a constitutional clause for “confiscation realize the need for labor to or­ the ashes of Chessman buried groups. They were discussing plans for for­ ern papers generally give to a of the whole world.” execution had been delayed for of illegally, accumulated riches.” ganize politically. This he ad­ in Brazil. The campaign began socialist candidate. A ll the white In Bolivia, shouts of protest the eighth time in February. mation of what was reported here as a mitted “would not be easy, it after the management of a Current revelations have made clear reporters I talked to were op­ and hostile actions were di­ “That was a mistake,” Howe “moderate Leftist opposition party.” The may take many months or years, cemetery in Glendale, Calif., re­ posed to the violence of the rected against U.S. citizens after answered. “There was a mis­ that the bulk of the wealth of Korean but we will do it; then we will fused to authorize the burial be­ meeting was broken up and a number of racists, some were in sympathy Chessman’s death. The news­ understanding between the gov­ bankers and capitalists has come directly treat’the politicians as they have cause of Chessman’s agnostic be­ the delegates are being held in traditional with the heroic struggle of the paper La Nacion in La Paz, de­ ernor of California and the State been treating us; we’ll vote these liefs. from the wholesale plundering of the U.S. Negro students. But the sym­ clared that the “psychological Department.” Rhee style by the police who have even phonies off.” $'4-billion aid program. The demand of the refused to divulge the names of the pris­ pathy expressed was strictly That Chessman’s 12-year calvary of twelve years” suffered Gov. Brown had been in­ “off the record.” struggle ended in death did not porters is equivalent to a call for expropri­ oners. New Policy Needed by Chessman was “punishment formed by the State Department ation of capitalist holdings. The white South is mostly surprise Brazilian writer Alice enough for any crime he could that the Uruguayan government Previously a dozen persons who had Hoffa didn’t explain how his apathetic and afraid. A few live Pimenta who was among the have committed. Chessman did “anticipated hostile” student de­ In the large port city of Pusan, dem­ reportedly met to discuss reconstitution of political action program differed in a frenzy of hate. At the first to support him. She said, not kill anyone and other crim­ monstrations during Eisenhow­ onstrators marched 20,000 strong four days the Rhee-outlawed Labor (Communist) from; that of the AFL-CIO of­ other pole, the few who are “Since President Eisenhower inals such as A l Capone, whose er’s tour of the area if Chess­ in a row demanding the immediate resig­ ficials since he made no call for inspired by the example of the denied mercy in the Rosenberg guilt was universally known, man were executed at that time. party were jailed and denounced as a a break with the policy of sup­ case, [Ju liu s and E thel Rosen­ nation of the National Assembly. Martial- Negro students, have stepped were not executed.” Chessman’s death has created “ Communist spy ring.” porting candidates of the two out heroically as allies. These berg, executed in 1953, were ac­ In Mexico, 5,000 inmates o f the such a wave of indignation in law commanders did not dare to try and The Huh regime has assured the State big business parties. few match the courage of the cused of being ‘atom spies'] I Mexico City penitentiary ob­ Uruguay that the government knew there was no feeling of stop them. “Let us end a lifetime of living Department that its anti-communism w ill Certainly there are plenty of Negro youth and are singled served one minute of silence to has had the guard at the U.S. strong and bitter words by labor out by the racists for special justice or humanity in his protest Chessman’s death. Jose in shacks,” was the principal chant of the be “effective” and not “stereotyped” like Embassy in Montevideo heavily demonstrators. officials already on record con­ vilification and brutality. heart.” Perez Moreno, a Mexican Dep­ reinforced. A ll the newspapers Rhee’s. Current social and political devel­ cerning the bi-partisan union- But the Negro community in Students, who have been in uty, declared that the execution devoted their front pages to the The students, too, continue to press opments in South Korea strongly suggest smashing drive. What is needed the South is unified as never the vanguard of the protest had only one result: “It terrified story of Chessman’s prolonged their demands. In Seoul, high school stu­ that Huh’s anti-communism w ill prove no now is not mere strong words before. It is unafraid and filled movement, published an edi­ the world.” agony. One of them said: “San dents staged a sitdown in front of City Hall more effective than Rhee’s as a weapon for but a new policy such as the with optimism and hope in the torial attacking U.S. justice in Capital punishment, he said, Quentin’s gas chamber ended Canadian unions have under­ future. How long will it be the newspaper, Metropolitano, “is hot reducing the wave of the long torture of Caryl Chess­ demanding dismissal of their principal arid oppression of th e people. taken — a Labor party policy. before this emancipating spirit official organ of the students’ crimes in the countries where man.” Letters from Our Readers T HE MILITANT continue the discussion. The He's Sticking VOLUME XXIV MONDAY, MAY 16, 1960 N U M B E R 20 Socialism Debated high interest in what a socialist A t U. of Minnesota speaker had to say indicates To the Union that after a long period of ab­ Not an A ir Raid Shelter Editor: sence of such debate there are Editor: Rights Fighter For the first time in more good prospects for more dis­ I have been out of work, for than a decade, the issue of capi­ cussion, formal and informal, of almost three months after being 1,000 Protest talism vs. socialism was for­ socialism on /the campus here. discharged for cooked up rea- Summoned by mally debated at the Univer­ J. B. sons fo r being a m ilita n t union sity of Minnesota. The speakers Minneapolis member. I have filed a griev- were Carl Feingold, Minnesota ance but it hasn’t been settled House Probers yet. But I feel I will finally be organizer of the Socialist W ork­ Would Labor Party LOUISVILLE, May 5 — Ver­ Air Raid Drill able to w in m y case. I t ’s the old ers party and professor John non Brown, an integrationist story — after the company B u ttric k . and a central figure in the fa­ Be Anti-Socialist? found out I was acting as a The professor seemed fam iliar mous K entucky “ sedition” case Editor: union member, they tried their enough with the arguments of of a few years ago, is among 40 best to get me off the job. But reformist socialists and had I would like to see the M ili­ persons summoned to appear I can assure you this has only In New York ready answers for such argu­ tant print some material on the before a House Un-American made me more determined in ments. But he was at a com­ perspectives for a labor party in Activities subcommittee in San By Jack Arnold pursuing the ideals of the work­ plete loss in debating with a the U.S. Francisco. The subcommittee is ing class more fully. NEW YORK, May 10 — Well over a thousand people proponent of a revolutionary Some socialists believe that headed by Rep. Edwin Willis, You should be getting some change in our social system. because of the speedup of the Louisiana Dixiecrat. Hearings here, the bulk of them young people, demonstrated their inquiries about the Militant Here, for instance, is how he social process due to the qualita­ are set for May 10 to 13. anti-war sentiment by joining in organized mass refusals tried to refute Feingold’s con­ tive change induced by the H- from the state of Louisiana Brown and six other white to take shelter during last Tues tention that racial discrimina­ bomb, the idea of a transitional where I have mailed copies to day’s mock air raid. More than mated total of 600 people march­ tion was a product of capital­ labor party has been outmoded; people to introduce them to the persons were indicted on a 500 persons took part in the pro­ ed in front of the House of De- that is, as an historical step pre­ principles of the w o rkin g class. sedition charge in 1954 after ism. The professor asked: test action at City Hall Park and tention where they are jailed, Were not the schools and ceding a higher level of de­ I hope you get many subscrip­ they helped a Negro, Andrew E. some 500 students defied the with several hundred pickets on churches the places where dis­ velopment rather than as an end tions from it. Wade, IV, to buy a house in a take-shelter signal at city col­ the line at the peak of the dem­ crimination was at its highest; in itself, the political instrument white neighborhood and defend­ M . L. leges. Protest actions were re­ onstration. and were not the schools of socialism. They believe that Chicago ed the Wades’ right to occupy ported at several high schools. At City College, 300 students and churches collectivist and a labor party dominated by the the home.. On the Lower East Side, 50 joined in the anti-drill protest socialist organizations, while in union bureaucrats would be While Brown was out of town America's Image on a visit, persons inspired by women and 80 children success­ initiated by the Student Com­ business discrimination was opposed to socialism and would mittee for a Sane Nuclear Policy Editor: the White Citizens Council M ilitant photo by Jarck Arnold fully defied police orders to halt m uch less? drag the socialist movement and other campus groups. As the What an image this country dynamited the home. Instead of a sit-dow n protest. Feingold answered this by back 20 years — a’time lag the Three young. New Yorkers in police van on way to jail demonstrators gathered on the has presented since World War prosecuting the dynamiters, The City Hall action was or­ demonstrating how both school world might not survive. for refusing to take cover during May 3 air raid drill. They campus shortly before the sched­ II. Hiroshima and Nagasaki. authorities indicted the people ganized by the Civil Defense and church are dominated by Both the Communist and So­ were among 500 protesters at City Hall Park who insisted uled “alert,” a school official Then the execution of the Ros- who had aided the Wades. Protest Committee, a non-parti­ capitalist ideology and - per­ cialist Workers parties include a that peace is the only defense against nuclear weapons. Along warned them that those who de­ enbergs ... Now Chessman And Brown spent five months in jail san group w hich won the sup­ form the function of implant­ labor party in their respective with 23 others, they spent five days in prison for their stand. fied the take-cover order would some people think this govern­ before the charges against him port of a number of prominent ing the race prejudice that is blueprints for the future. May face penalties including possible ment of the rich w ill bring peace were dropped. liberal figures for its stand that used by the employers to divide we have a series of articles on expulsion. and justice to the world. In a statement in San Fran­ the civil defense drills should the workers. this? No more than 20 yielded to the After the meeting, many stu­ D. P. W . F. W. cisco on the slated House com­ . . . Plane Aggression be opposed because they serve mittee probe, Brown charged only to divert public attention threat and the remainder re­ dents came to the platform to South Gate, Calif. Los Angeles sponded by singing, “We Shall that the only thing the 40 per­ abashed demand by Washington from the need to prevent war. (Continued from Page 1) Not Be Moved.” sons summoned have in common that it be permitted to invade Similar protests were staged The official then went through is that they have helped to or­ eral nuclear war” and that the the territory of the Soviet Un­ in previous years, but participa­ the crowd and lifted the school ganize picket lines, boycotts and “Soviet leaders evidently con­ ion without any interference tion was generally limited to a identification cards of about 100 other ' actions in support of sider it more essential . . . to and indeed without any com­ small group of members of paci­ Working Mothers Southern sit-in demonstrators. fulfill their ambitious economic students, including that of the plaint, are staggering even to fist organizations. A significant program.” (New York Times, president of the student gov­ By Helen Baker Meanwhile, as the House red- the minds of the average edi­ feature of this year’s demonstra­ hunters prepare their projected M ay 5.) torialist and commentator of the ernm ent. tion was the number of young No action has been taken yet The Children’s Bureau of the Department of Bureau found it impossible to state who cared victimization of integration sup­ When Khrushchev warned m onopolist press. people who joined in, including against those whose cards were Health, Education and Welfare recently re­ for the child or what type of care was provided. porters, the White Citizens that rockets would be used New York World-Telegram many who have been giving taken. Over the weekend they leased its 1958 survey, “Child Care Arrange­ Here is how enumerators, in the survey de­ Council of Kentucky has openly against bases that allowed the columnist, Henry S. Taylor, re­ militant support to the Wool- received letters advising that ments of Full Time Working Mothers.” scribed other types of arrangements: called on its members to take up U.S. to launch invading planes, ferred to Secretary of State worth store anti - segregation the cards would be returned if As the Bureau states, the trend is clearly for “Mother works night shift, cares for child arms to protect “private rights the State Department replied Herter’s answer to Krushchev picket lines. they would sign statements that ever more mothers to enter the labor force. The in the daytime.” and property” against sit-in that the U.S. would rush to the as “ the most controversial as­ There were more than 1,000 they were merely bystanders survey does not concern itself with the various “Mother lives in apartment over dry-clean­ demonstrators. W ill the House defense of countries “attacked sertions since World War II.” people in the City Hall Park as and not participants in the pro­ reasons for this change in the American family, ing establishment where she works, cares for committee probe this incitement by the Soviet Union” ! He said that the State Depart­ the time for the drill approach­ test. which has been taking place the last ten years. child as she w orks.” to violence? The implications of this un- ment “asks the world to accept ed. When the “alert” sounded One student who received It deals only with one of the results — namely, “Mother works in the field, brings children a United States watchdog role more than 500, accompanied by such a letter said today that the kind of care that is available for children along — baby takes nap in the car.” everywhere, not a secret watch­ almost 100 children, remained the move is obviously design­ of working mothers. And here is an example of the highly touted dog role but a self-proclaimed seated on park benches. ed to get a small number of More than seven million mothers with chil­ American Family Togetherness: “Child works ... Canadian Unions Launch policemanship. ...” , The authorities were appar­ holdouts who could be more dren under 18 years of age are employed as chopping cotton with mother.” and was subsequently trans­ (Continued from Page 1) ently caught off guard by the easily penalized. A campaign full-tim e workers. One out of seven mothers in The mother’s occupation determines in part formed into the National Com­ James Reston m ildly pointed size of the demonstration and is being carried on to get ad­ the country is in the labor force. One out of the type of child care she is able to arrange. Canadian Labour, official CLC out in his New York Times mittee, for the New Party. had only three patrol wagons on ditional students to turn in every two mothers in the labor force has chil-' Mothers in the professional and managerial organ, recounts the genesis and column. May 6: “It is the United The Political Education De­ hand to haul off those who defied their cards and a number have dren under 12 years of age. Two-and-a-half positions — that is, the higher income brackets— evolution of the new political States that has m ilitary and air partment of the CLC collabor­ the law. After patrolmen made a already done so. million working, mothers have children under generally have non-relatives come in to care for approach, in an article entitled: bases close to the S oviet and ated in publishing and distribut­ few half-hearted efforts to shoo At Brooklyn College, where sijc years of age. the child or children. “Report on the New Party Reso­ Chinese borders and not the ing discussion material on the the people to shelter, a police the anti-drill protest was sup­ Aside from the public schools, there is no In middle-income-bracket occupations such lution Adopted at the 1958 Con­ other way around.” And he vention.” New Party. In its report to the added, “These are unpopular official mounted a bench and ported by about 200 students, a general provision for the care of children of as clerks, the children are generally cared for by 1960 Montreal convention the urged the people to “please obey The article begins: “At the facts that are seldom mentioned campus furor has been evoked working mothers. Each mother must make her relatives, by neighbors, or in the fortunate cases, PED listed some of the discus­ the law!” The crowd laughed. 1958 Convention of the Canadian in this part of the world.” with the resignation of Lucille own arrangements. This prevents her as a rule by child care centers. sion material circulated widely He then asked: ‘‘Are you Labour Congress, an historic Feldman as editor of the campus from securing the best kind of care for her In agriculaural work — the lowest paying in Canada. This is the tru th . The U.S. Americans?” There was more step was taken in the passing of paper, the Kingsman. Her resig­ children. She must often rely on relatives, category — separate child care is for all prac­ Among the most important has close to 1,000 m ilita ry bases laughter and some shouted back, the resolution which set out the nation was published in a space friends, neighbors or older children. tical purposes non-existent. Most non-white were: “A New Political Party surrounding the borders of the “That’s why we’re here.” need for a fundamental political on the front page that had been ' ‘Only one out of 40 children of working working mothers — who have two out of every fo r Canada,” 45,000 copies in Soviet Union. Whole countries Sweeping his hand over the realignment in this country. The intended for a picture of the mothers was in a group care center, or a total five of the children under 12 years of age falling English and 10,000 in French; have been transformed into crowd, he then solemnly declar­ Executive Council believes that student action which Dean of 121,000 children,” the Children’s Bureau under the scope of the survey — are in the “A Study Paper on Constitu­ launching pads for invasion of ed: “I place you all under arrest the adoption of that resolution Stroup had forbidden her to found. “In most communities in the U.S., a last category. tion,” 25,000 copies and 25,000 the USSR. The breaching of for not obeying the law.” w ill prove to be a milestone in publish. mother w ill be fortunate if she can find group The study conducted by the Children’s Bu­ copies of “A Study Paper, on Soviet borders by plane and Cops then began selecting Canadian history.” The article care for her child or children, more fortunate reau states the needs of working mothers. The Programme.” These three 'key other provocative means is con­ prisoners at random. The first then quotes the terms of the if she finds a good version of group care facili­ solution, which the Bureau does not present, pamphlets, says the PED report, tinuous. U.S. imperialism is girl selected seemed to resent 1958 resolution on political pol­ ties, and most fortunate of all if she finds one lies in a vast multiplication of child-care centers. “have been distributed through probing and jabbing all the the way she was being handled of the best.” icy, pertinent extracts of which time — looking for a soft spot These centers should operate 24 hours a the Federations of Labour, La­ and it took three cops to get her arc given below. to drive home the dagger of Again, “Rare indeed is the mother who can day. They should be free of charge and be bour Councils, educational insti­ into the van. A second girl was war. benefit from the extended school services that located in working-class neighborhoods, on fac­ "This Convention," said the tutes and forums, local unions being dragged off when the ar­ are being provided in an increasing number of tory grounds or in the fields. Mobile units resolution, "believes that the and many other interested or­ Actually, Washington’s “con­ resting cop stopped to rub a communities.” should be established for the benefit of migra­ imperative need of the Cana­ ganizations.” (Copies of these fession” about “spying” is a bruised shin. The girl got mixed How do the mothers and children fare who tory workers. Finally, the centers should be dian political scene today is publications may be obtained by colossal evasion and subterfuge. up in the crowd. are not fortunate enough to have access to CLEVELAND staffed by professional child-care people, con­ the creation of an effective writing: National Committee for What is at issue is not routine Twenty-six persons, the total "The African Revolution." A group-care centers? For one child out of every cerned with the children’s physical as well as alternative political force the New Party, Room 200, 301 peacetime spying but deliberate capacity of the vans, were ar eight under 12 years of age, the Children’s lecture by George Chomalou. emotional well-being. based on the needs of the Metcalfe St., Ottawa.) acts of war. (Let us, however, rested. (A latecomer was arrested Saturday, May 21, 8 p.m. Ausp. workers, farmers and similar Thanks to the intensive dis­ recall in passing that this same at a Subway exit where he made Militant Labor Forum. At the groups, financed and control­ cussion over an extended pe­ pack of professional liars in a solitary stand as the “alert’ new Militant Hall, 5511 Euclid led by the people and their or­ riod of time, together with the Washington turned the U.S. into sounded.) , ganizations . . . widespread disenchantment of a witch-hunting purgatory over Ave. Room 203 Three hundred demonstra­ • Notes in the News “The time has come,” the the ranks with the experience just such alleged spying by the tors marched to the Crim inal LOS ANGELES resolution affirmed, “for a fun­ of coalition politics, the at­ Soviet Union.) But the issue Court where those arrested "The World of C. Wright damental realignment of politic­ tempts by American union now is way beyond spying: the were arraigned. In the court­ "DO AS I SAY, NOT AS I DO" — The gen­ Mills." Two lectures by William WELCOME TO DENVER — Badu Kofi, a al forces in Canada. There is leaders to head off the move­ U.S. monopolists have openly room they were told by presid­ eral conference of the Methodist Church has Ghana journalist visiting here as a guest of need for a broadly-based peoples, ment for a new party have declared their intention of sys­ ing Judge Ciazzo that if they F. W arde. Friday, May 20, 8:15 called on its ten million members to set a goal the State Department, was arrested May 4 at political movement, which em­ been vigorously rebuffed. The tematically violating the terri­ didn't think there was democ­ p.m.: “The Causes of World War of total abstinence from intoxicating liquor. At the Union Station in Denver for taking pictures. braces the CCF, the Labour April 25 issue of the Globe torial integrity of the second racy here they "should go to I I I . ” Friday, June 3, 8:15 p.m.: the same time the conference defeated by an Several cops who were making an arrest in the -movement, farm organizations, and Mail, Toronto, reports the greatest power on earth — even Turkey or Korea or Cuba." The Sociological Imagination.” overwhelming vote a proposal that all church station noticed, him taking pictures and he was professional people and other frigid reception given United if the whole world is blown to His outburst came in response Forum Hall, 1702 East Fourth St. officials be required to refrain from drinking. promptly thrown into a patrol car. At police liberally-minded persons inter­ Steelworkers president, David bits as a result. to a wave of laughter that filled Ausp. M ilitant Labor Forum. ■ • • headquarters he was later released with a warn­ • • • ested in basic social reform and J. McDonald, by a steel union the courtroom when he asserted WON'T BITE HAND THAT FEEDS HIM— ing not to “interfere” in police affairs. The The leaders of the Chinese reconstruction through our par­ conference after he expressed that the arrested protesters were PICNIC — Sunday, May 22, Earl Kintner, chairman of the Federal Trade chief of police says he is investigating the in­ Communist party have been liamentary system of govern­ opposition to the movement “undermining the democratic Elysian Park, Spot No. 1, Los Commission, says he’s against new legislation cident. proven dead right in their in­ ment. for a new parly. process.” Angeles. Dinner. 1 to 3 p.m. to clean up the advertising industry. Heex- . sistent warnings to Khrush­ “Such a broadly based politic­ “The blunt disapproval by the When he told the defendants Baseball, games for children and plains: “I’m paid to defend capitalism, not to chev that it is folly for him YOUTH OPPOSITION TO DRAFT— T h irty al instrument should provide visiting leader of the steel union to rush around the world pro­ that if they didn’t like the civil adults. Ausp. The Militant and destroy it.” (hat Labour and other peoples’ of political entanglements by West Coast Vacation School. • * * per cent of 1,000 teen-age boys questioned “in claiming that Eisenhower defense law they should change organizations may, together with unions found no answering voice it at the ballot box, a young • SACCO-VANZETTI STORY SLATED FOR depth” during a two-year survey were strongly "genuinely wants peace." The the CCF, participate directly in within the Canadian section of woman informed him she had N EW YORK TV —The National Broadcasting Company has opposed to being drafted into the armed forces. Chinese are 100% correct the establishment of such a his own union,” said the Globe when they say that "Eisen­ never been given the opportunity "The Cuban Revolution As I Scheduled a two-part television dramatization About half of the remainder said somewhat movement, its 'organizational and Mail. In fact, when the hower and his kind w ill never to vote on the law. Another ad Saw It." A special report by fo r June 3 and 10 of the case of Sacco and hopelessly that they would do their hitch if structure and basic philosophy resolution was put for partici­ lay down their butcher's vised him that the demonstrators Farrell Dobbs. Socialist Workers Vanzetti," the working-class martyrs legally they had to. James P. Scagnelli, an executive and programme, as w e ll as its pation in the new party move­ knives," until they are dis­ were doing what the people of presidential nominee, just re­ murdered by the State of Massachusetts in 1927. of the Boys Club of America which conducted financing and choice of candi­ ment, the paper reports it “was armed by the revolutionary Korea and Turkey had done. turned from extensive tour of Pennsylvania Supreme Court Justice Musman- the survey, says the negative reactions indicate dates for public office.” carried without a dissenting action of fhe working masses. All but one of the defendants Cuba. Friday, M ay 20, 8:30 p.m. no, w ho was a defense la w ye r in the case, col­ a “complete lack of understanding of the re­ To implement the call for a vote.” pleaded guilty and on Friday Militant Labor Forum, 116 U ni­ laborated on the TV script. He says it w ill be quirements for military service.” And that is the key to the fundamental political realign­ The Canadian steelworkers they were sentenced to five days versity Place (off Union Square). an accurate documentary account and that “The * * * ment, the resolution submitted are in no mood to take dictation real reason for the savage step up in the cold war, on the very in ' prison. Saturday, an esti- C o n trib u tio n $1.00. people will thus get to know what a terrible GROWING NATIONAL HEADACHE— The to the 1958 convention, provided from “hearts and flowers” Mc­ eve of the Summit Conference. miscarriage of justice occurred in the execution consumption of aspirins in the U.S. is increasing that: Donald on the question of poli­ The U.S. capitalist rulers are of . . . two absolutely innocent men.” twice as fast as the growth of the population. “This Convention, therefore, tical action. This goes for Reu- * * • frantic over the sight of tens of The average American now gulps an aspirin instructs the Executive Council ther, Meany and the rest of the millions of people all over the AUTOMATION JOB LOSSES — Eight hun­ once every three days, as compared to one every to give urgent and immediate Am erican union bureaucrats world awakening and driving dred thousand unionists have lost their jobs eight days in 1935. attention to this matter by initi­ who head the “Internationals” out imperialism and capitalism. in the past five years as a result of automation, • * * ating discussions with the CCF, but whose abject subservience according to AFL-CIO president George Meany. interested farm organizations to the political parties controlled The uprising in South Korea; BOSTON N E W A R K Boston Labor Foram, 295 Hunting­ He said the steel and auto industries have been SOUTHERN 'WELCOME' — The American and other like-minded individ­ by big business has now receiv­ the mass demonstrations of stu­ Newark Labor Forum, Box 361, Veterans Committee has protested against a ton Ave., Room 200. Newark, N. J. among the hardest hit. uals and groups, to formulate a ed, its strongest rebuff from their dents in Turkey, Indonesia and C H IC A G O NEW YORK CITY * * * Ku Klux Klan sign erected near the entrance constitution and a programme “affiliates” in Canada. Japan; the Cuban revolution; Socialist Workers Party, Hall 210, M ilitant Labor Forum, 116 Univer­ OREGON WORK RELIEF — Eight Oregon to the A ir Force Base at Selma, Ala. in a letter for such a political instrument American workers, on the the South African uprising; and, 302 S. Canal St., W E 9-5044. sity Place, AL 5-7852. counties have revived the depression practice to the secretary of the A ir Force, A.V.C. national of the Canadian people; and to other hand, will follow with yes, the historic sit-in actions of C L E V E L A N D OAKLAND - BERKELEY of compelling people on public welfare to work chairman Mickey Levine said: “Just a few report on such a plan, draft con­ great interest and sympathetic Negro students in the South; all Socialist Workers Party 10609 Su­ P.O. Box 341, Berkeley 1, Calif. for the county — at sub-standard welfare rates, yards from the entrance to that air base there stitution and programme to the concern the promising initiative this has terrified the whole bi­ perior Ave., Room 301, SW 1-1818. PHILADELPHIA of course. Washington County officials boast is a Ku Klux Klan sign welcoming residents, n e xt ( 1960) Convention of this of their fellow-unionists setting partisan war pack. Open Thursday nights 8 to 10. M ilitant Labor Forum and Socialist and I infer air men, to membership in the klan D E T R O IT Workers Party, 1303 W. Girard Ave. that they saved $10,000 on a brush-clearing pro­ Congress for action.” out on a new political course. It But the very revolutionary Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Wood­ .. . A town which highlights a Ku Klux Klan Lectures and discussions every Satur­ ject that was done by welfare recipients instead In the ensuing two years is a harbinger of things to come forces that have driven the capi­ ward. TEmple 1-6135. day, 8 P.M., followed by open housa. of regular county road crews. sign near the entrance of a federal installation there took place in the Canadian in this country. For when the talist rulers to panic and ad­ LOS ANGELES Call PO 3-5820. * * * cannot guarantee equitable treatment for all labor movement an intensive ranks of American labor break venturism, will pulverize the Forum Hall and Modern Book Shop. SAN FRANCISCO SETBACK FOR CUSTOM-HOUSE CUL­ troops.” discussion, on all levels, of the through the bureaucratic barrier system that breeds war, force 1702 E. 4th St. AN 9-4953 or WE 5- The M ilitant, 1145 Polk St., Rm. 4. TU R E — The U.S. Customs Court has ruled that • * * proposal to launch an indepen­ and launch their own independ­ the war makers to again re­ 923 8. Sat. 11 A.M. to 3 P.M. Phone PR 6- a mosaic by Pablo Picasso, the world-celebrated THOUGHT FOR THE WEEK — Education dent political party based on la­ ent labor party they will join treat, and finally overwhelm M IL W A U K E E 7296; if no answer, VA 4-2321. 150 East Juneau Ave. S E A T T L E artist, is a “work of art” and subject to the re­ bor and its allies. A Joint Com­ hands with their Canadian them. and vocational training for prison inmates w ith­ MINNEAPOLIS 1412— 18th Avenue, EA 2-5584. Li­ duced duty on art objects. Customs officials had out corresponding religious training only makes mittee composed of representa­ brothers to give a decisive push Socialist Workers Party and Labor brary, bookstore. previously ruled the mosaic just another “article smarter criminals, says Rev. G. Brinkman, tives of the CLC and CCF was to. the struggle for a better Why not pass this copy of the Book Store, 704 Hentiepin Ave., Hall S T . L O U IS of glass” and subject to the regular duty. chaplain of the Illinois State Penitentiary. set up to organize the discussion w orld. Militant on to a friend? 240. FEderal 2-7781* For inform ation phone MO 4-7194,