Anti-Corruption Policies and Practices in Education Sector in Vietnam: Paving the Way for Delivering Results and Monitoring Progress
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Ethics and corruption in education Workshop: Anti-corruption policies and practices in education sector in vietnam: paving the way for delivering results and monitoring progress (Hanoi, Vietnam: 11-13 October 2010) International Institute for Educational Planning An advanced training workshop on “Anti-Corruption policies and practices in Education Sector in Vietnam: paving the way for delivering results and monitoring progress” was held from 11 to 13 October 2010 in Hanoi, Vietnam. It was organised by the Belgian Development Agency (BTC), within the framework of cooperating arrangements between the Anti-Corruption Resource Centre (U4) and the International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP- UNESCO). The major aims of this workshop were: to identify the causes and consequences of most common forms of corruption in the sector, with an emphasis on the particularities of Vietnam; to share tools and strategies applied internationally to improve transparency and accountability in the sector, revisiting the failures and successes of those already employed by Vietnam; and to strengthen the commitment and work initiated within specific actors in the sector to move forward with an AC agenda that addresses the needs of the education sector in Vietnam. This report includes the various materials that were prepared and used for the Workshop, in particular: the plenary presentation outlines, as well as group work exercises. The appendix contains the list of participants. U4 training workshop: ‘Anti‐Corruption policies and practices in Education Sector in Vietnam: paving the way for delivering results and monitoring progress’ Hanoi, 11‐13 October 2010 AGENDA Objectives for the workshop: 1. To identify the causes and consequences of most common forms of corruption in the sector, with an emphasis on the particularities of Vietnam; 2. To share tools and strategies applied internationally to improve transparency and accountability in the sector, revisiting the failures and successes of those already employed by Vietnam; 3. To strengthen the commitment and work initiated within specific actors in the sector to move forward with an AC agenda that addresses the needs of the education sector in Vietnam. Monday 11 October – Diagnosis of education sector: causes and consequences of most common forms of corruption 08.00‐8.30 Registration of participants a.m. Overview of the issue of corruption in the education sector 8.30‐8.40 Opening remarks by Mr. Dirk Deprez (Belgian Development Agency) 08.40‐09.30 Presentation: Mainstreaming anti‐Corruption work into different sectors: challenges and key elements, by Ms. Alessandra Fontana (U4) Q & A 09.30‐11.00 Presentation: Corruption in education: definitions, conceptual framework, mapping and impact on EFA goals, by Mr. Jacques Hallak and Ms. Muriel Poisson (UNESCO/IIEP) Q & A 11.00‐11.30 Tea break 11.30‐12.30 Presentation: Malpractices in the Vietnamese education sector: synthesis of existing reports and updating since the 7th ACD, May 2010, by Mr. Nguyen Van Thang (Transformation and Change Management Consulting Co) Q & A 12.30‐14.00 Lunch p.m. Overview ( to continue) 14.00‐15.00 Presentation: AusAID experience: Work on AC in the education sector in Laos by Ms. Sounisa Sundara and Ms. Manithda Sithimolada (AusAID Laos) Q & A 15.00‐16.00 Panel discussion: Major opportunities for corrupt practices in Vietnam: what forms, what magnitude, what impact? facilitated by Mr. Jacques Hallak (UNESCO/IIEP) • Representative from the MOET • Mr. Matthieu Salomon (Towards Transparency) • Ms. Thaveeporn Vasavakul (International consultant) 16.00‐16.30 Tea break p.m. Irregular fees 16.30‐17.30 Presentation: Assessing irregular fees and strategies for regulating them: the potentials offered by an adequate use of report card surveys, by Mr. Jacques Hallak and Ms. Muriel Poisson (UNESCO/IIEP) Q & A Day 1 expected output: Mapping‐out malpractices in the Vietnamese education sector Tuesday 12 October – Transparency/Effective measures to tackle corruption: from legislation to implementation 08.30‐08.40 Summary of debates on day 1, by Ms. Alessandra Fontana (U4) 08.40‐09.00 Presentation: How to improve transparency and accountability in the education sector, by Ms. Elsa Duret (BTC) Q & A a.m. Teachers and educators codes of conduct 09.00‐09.45 Introduction to Vietnamese regulations: Vietnam’s code of ethics, current practices on extra teaching and learning and future challenges by representative from the MOET 2 09.45‐10.45 Presentation: Design and effective use of teacher codes of conduct: the international experience, by Mr. Jacques Hallak and Ms. Muriel Poisson (UNESCO/IIEP) Q & A 10.45‐11.15 Tea break 11.15‐12.30 Group work: How to make the Vietnamese code of ethics of educators a useful tool? 12.30‐ 14.00 Lunch p.m. Quality assurance and accreditation 14.00‐15.00 Presentation: Academic fraud, quality assurance and accreditation: learning from the past and challenges for the future, by Mr. Jacques Hallak and Ms. Muriel Poisson (UNESCO/IIEP) Q & A 15.00‐16.00 Group work: What measures to reduce corrupt practices in the management of exams in Vietnam? 16.00‐16.30 Tea break 16.30‐17.30 Presentation: Non‐public institutions of higher education in Vietnam: challenges for transparency and accountability, by Dr Pham Huy Dung (Thang Long University) Q & A Day 2 expected output: Overview of measures and practices that can help promoting transparency and accountability Wednesday 13 October: Accountability/Design and effective use of an monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework for anti‐corruption progress in the education sector a.m. Monitoring corrupt practices 08.30‐08.40 Summary of debates on day 2, by Ms. Alessandra Fontana (U4) 08.40‐10.15 Presentation: Methodological tools to monitor corrupt practices: the international experience with public expenditure tracking surveys (PETS), quantitative service delivery surveys (QSDS) and report cards and the experience in Vietnam, by Mr. Jacques Hallak and Ms. Muriel Poisson (UNESCO/IIEP) followed by Mr. Adam McCarty (Mekong Economics) Q & A 3 10.15‐10.45 Tea break 10.45‐11.30 Presentation: Building an accountability framework: the use of ‘red flag’ indicators in the education sector, by Mr. Jacques Hallak and Ms. Muriel Poisson (UNESCO/IIEP) Q & A 11.30‐12.30 Group work: Which monitoring indicators to prioritize in the case of Vietnam? Short introduction .by Ms Lien Thi Kim Nguyen (DfID) 12.30‐14.00 Lunch p.m. Access to information and social monitoring 14.00‐15.00 Presentation: Promoting social control: the importance of the right to information in the education sector, by Mr. Jacques Hallak and Ms. Muriel Poisson (UNESCO/IIEP) Q & A 15.00‐15.45 Group work: How to make better use of the Vietnamese Circular on publicity (07 May 2009) to monitor policy implementation and uncover corruption cases? 15.45‐16.15 Tea break 16.15‐17.15 Panel: All against corruption • Representative from the MOET • Ms. Nguyen Kieu Vien (Towards Transparency) • Ms. Marie Ottosson (Embassy of Sweden) 17.15‐17.30 Distribution of certificates and closing remarks Day 3 expected output: Guidelines for M&E framework for measuring anti‐corruption progress in education 4 Anti‐corruption: definitions and the concept of mainstreaming U4 Workshop Anti‐corruption policies and practices in the education sector in Vietnam: Paving the way for delivering results and monitoring progress Hanoi, Vietnam 11/10/2010 U4 Anti‐Corruption Resource Centre 1 How do we work at U4? Promoting an informed approach to anti-corruption to bilateral development agencies Research TiiTraining Helpdesk Theme pages Online and in country Exclusive for partner agencies Objectives of this session • Consequences of corruption Why are •Whatis corruption? • What are possible drivers (causes) of we corruption? • MiMainstream ing of AC in sectors here Aim to develop a shared understanding of corruption 2 Programmes funded by development aid Photos: World Bank Consequences of corruption • EiEconomic • IiiInstitutional • Social • Environmental • Political • For national security Corruption is one of thethe largest obstacles to development 3 What is corruption? Corruption Abuse of public office for private gain Definition Abuse of entrusted power for private gain Tipology Systemic corruption Tipology • Petty (administrative) corruption – Lower ranking civil servants – SllSmaller amounts paid as bibbribes – Higher frequency – High social impact • Political (grand) corruption – Higher ranking civil servants/ elected officials – Larger amounts/ other manifestations (fraud/nepotism...) – High economical impact for the state • State capture – Political and economic elites – Large amounts of money and influence of power – Manipulating / distortion of state policies and structures – High economic and political impact 4 Systemic corruption Grand corruption ••Public office decisionsdecisions ••JobsJobs and ppromotionsromotions $$$$$$ Petty corruption What causes corruption ? Political Explanations Drivers and Economic incentives of corruption corruption Explanations Social, cultural, individual ltiexplanations lti Causes orCauses or Consequences? 5 What is AC mainstreaming? Process of implicitly or explicitly incorporating AC efforts into sectors and cross cutting activities Donor perspective: Partner country •Traditional AC efforts too perspective: broad • CSOs involvement in AC •Shared responsibilities (not work only AC commissions) •Better understanding of •Govt effort to spread AC (ie. specifities of power relations In reaction to developments established in