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PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST CONGRESS SPECIAL SESSION OF THE SENATE

SENATE ADDRESS OF THE VICE PRESIDENT ~IoNDAY, March 4, 1929 The VICE PRESIDENT. Senators, the United States Senate is to-day one of the most distinguished legislative bodies in the CHARLES CURTIS, of Kansa~, Vice President of the United world--one of the greatest actual and potential powers for the States, to whom the oath was administered at the close <>f the promotion and advancement of civilization. Its personnel is of la ·t regu1ar session of the Seventieth Congress, called the Sen­ a caliber equal to if not the superior of any previous body here­ ate to order at 12 o'clock meridian. tofore assembled. Any individual, no matter how outstanding The Chaplain, Rev. Z~.Barney T. Phillips, D. D., offered the in the realms of Ieade~ship, political or othenvise, might well be following prayer : proud to preside over its deliberations. I may, therefore, be Almighty and Eternal God, Father of all mankind, Ruler of pardoned in declaring here the feeling of pride which I experi­ the destinies of nations, Thou hast called us by our name and we ence that through my election as Vice President of the United are Thine. Thou hast established us in the gateways of the States such a signal honor has come to me. I hope r may prove world, Thou hast moulded our speech, mixed our blood from worthy of the people's choice, and of you. No efforts of mine will uncorrupted springs and crowned us with every blessing; make . be spared to aid and assist you in the successful solution of the us therefore a righteous nation doing justice, loving mercy, numerous iBtricate and important problern.s which will come walking humbly with our God. Breathe upon all who are before you. assembled here the spirit of Thy grace, especially upon these During the course of my 20 years' service among you, as Sen­ Thy servants whom Thou hast called to be President and Vice ator from the State of Kansas, I have profited much from the President of the United States. Endue them with innocency of wisdom, tact, and experience of the Members of this august life, with wisdom and discretion, manife t Thyself to them that in body as displayed by its most modest and unassuming Members the exactions of their work they may never be drawn aside from as well as by its most outstanding and brilliant leaders. the path of rectitude. Inspire them with divine faith, subdue My relations with the Senators during all these years have them to the lowly practice of those who have lived as fellow been pleasant. My memories of persons and events in this workers with Thee, and grant that the words of their mouth Chamber constitute some of the most delightful in a long public and the meditations of their hearts may be always acceptable in life l1y no means devoid of warming memories. Thy sight. _ At this point I may with propriety, I think, be permitted to Let Thy blessing abide continually upon them, t].1e . :Members offer tQ the honorable gentleman who is retiring as Presiding of Congress, and all others in authority, that they Knowing O:ffiee;r, of this body, Mr. D~wes, an expression of appreciation, whose ministers they are may above all things seek Thy ho.nor' · admiration,. and esteem. We will all agree that he has filled his and glory and that all the people duly considering whose au­ arduous and frequently onerous duties with credit and distinc­ thority they bear, may faithfully and obediently honor them in tion, not only to himself but to the Senate and to the people Thee and for Thee according to Thy blessed word an(Lordi­ of the United States. nance. May the benediction of Thy peace rest upon the retir­ It would seem fitting also at this point to offer a word of ing President, Vice President, and Members of Congress, to welcome and greeting to our new Senators. They will find their whom a grateful Nation pays loving tribute. Bless all the na­ fellow Senators, as I have found 1;hem, most human and kindly tions of the world and bind us ever closer together in the bonds gentlemen, willing and anxious to help newcomers where they of holy fellowship, that when the silver cord is loosed and the may. golden bowl is broken we may receiYe the crown of life and My service among you bas impressed me with the responsi­ dwell with Thee in the brightne.., s of Thy eternal morning. bilities of every Senator, and at the same time it has given me Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. a clear understanding of the duties and obligations of the Vice PROCLAMATION President. The VICE PRESIDEI\'T. The clerk will read the proclama­ He is not op.e-- or the makers of the law, nor is he consulted tion of the President convening the Senate in extraordinary about the rules adopted to goYern your actions. His obligations se sion. to the people of the country to whom he owes his high position The Chief Clerk (John C. Crockett) read the proclamation of and his duty to you, Senators, call for a fair and impartial the President as follows : construction of the- rules which you, your elves, have adopted A PROCLAMATION BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE Ul\LTED STATES OF and which you alone may change. His obligations and duties AMERICA require a recognition and application of the precedents which Whereas public interests require that the Senate of the United have brought the United States Senate to its present recognized States be convened at 12 o'clock on the 4th day of March next position of paramount importance as a legislative body. to receive such communications as may be made by the \Vith the familiarity gained from long years of close obser­ Executive: vation, assisted by your full cooperation without which little Now, therefore, I, Calvin Coolidge, President of the United can be done, I hope to be able to sense your desires certainly States of America. do hereby proclaim and declare that an and sm·ely ; to obey your will, which is the will of the people; extraordinary occasion requires the Senate of the United States to give it effect with the utmost dispatch ; and to expedite the to convene at the Capitol, in the city of Washington, on the business of the Senate in an orderly and speedy manner, for 4th day of March next, at 12 o'clock noon, of which all persons this, I take it, is not only your desire but also the wish of who shall at that time be entitled to act as Members of th.at our people. In effect, to be an integral part of this body, body are hereby required to take notice-. not a being strange to or remote and detached from it. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused To do these things within the limits of my abilities I con­ to be affixed the great seal of the United States. ceive to be the whole scope and sphere of the Vice Presitlent. Done at the city of Washington, this 11th day of Febru­ The task is not easy. I ask your help and indulgence. ary, in the year of o.ur Lord one thousand nine hundred and With a whole-hearted spirit of cooperation between us, I am twenty-nine, and of the independence of the United States the certain your achievements in the Congress before us will one hundred and fifty-third. redound to the immediate and ultimate good of all; your pro- [SElAL.} CALVIN COOLIDGE. , ceedings will be so much to your credit in the eyes of our By the President: people, and so much to the credit of our people in the eyes FRANK B. KELLOGG, of the world that they will stand for years in the future as Secretary of State. the ltighest mark of legislative end-eavors within, !lnd perhaps- 3

L . -- ' 4 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE M.ABCII 4 without, the United States. It gives me pleasure, sir, to receive Rhode Island--Jesse H. Metcalf and :E'elix Hebert. . the gavel from you and to take over the duties of the Vice South Carolina-Ellison D. Smith and Coleman L. Blease. President. South Dakota-Peter Norbeck and ,V. H. McMaster. ADMINISTRATION OF OATH Tennessee-Kenneth McKellar and Lawrence D. Tyson. The VICE PRESIDENT. The names of die newly elected Too:as-1\Iorris Sheppard and Tom Omnally. Senators will be called and as their names are called they Utah-Reed Smoot and William H. King. will present themselves at the desk for the purpose of taking the Vernumt-Frank L. Greene and Porter H. Dale. oath of office. Virginia--Claude A. Swanson and Carter Glass. The Chief Clerk called the names of Mr. ASHURST, Mr. CoN­ Washington-Wesley L .•Jones and C. C. Dill. NALLY, Mr. CoPEL,A.ND, Mr. CUTTING, Mr. DILL, Mr. FESs, and West Virginia-Guy D. Goff and Henry D. Hatfield. 1\Ir. FRAZIER. Wisconsin-Robert M. La Follette,1 jr., and John J. Blaine. These Senators (with the exception of Mr. CUTTING), es­ Wyoming-Francis E. Warren and John B. Kendrick. corted by Mr, HAYDEN, Mr. SHEPPARD, Mr. WAGNER; Mr. JoNES, INAUGURATION OF THE PRESIDENT l\fr. BuRTON, and Mr. NYE, respectively, advanced to the Vice President's desk and the oath of office prescribed by law was The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sergeant at Arms will carry administered to them by the Vice President. out the program for the inauguration of the President of the The Chief Clerk called the names of Mr. GOLDSBOROUGH, Mr. United States on the east ·front of the Capitol. GREE E, Mr. HALE, Mr. HATFIELD, Mr. HEBERT, and Mr. HoWELL. The President elect, Herbert Hoover, escorted by the Chief These Senators, escorted by Mr. TYDINGS, 1\Ir. DALE, Mr. Justice of the United States and the Associate Justices of the GOULD, Mr. GoFF, Mr. METCALF, and Mr. NoRRIS, respectively, Supreme Court of the United States, and accompanied by the advanced to the Vice President's desk and the oath of office pre­ joint committee on arrangements, followed by the members of scribed by law was administered to them by the Vice President. the diplomatic corps, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief The Chief Clerk called the names of Mr. JoHNSON, Mr. KEAN, of Naval Operations, and the Commandant of the Marine Corps, Mr. KENDRICK, 1\Ir. KING, Mr. LA FoLLETTE, and Mr. McKELLAR. the Members of the Senate, preceded by the Vice President, the These Senators, with (the exception of 1\Ir. LA FoLLETTE) Sergeant at Arms, David S. Barry, and the Secretary of the escorted by Mr. SHORTRIDGE, Mr. EDGE, Mr. WARREN, Mr. SMOOT, Senate, Edwin P. Thayer, the Members of the House of and Mr. TYSON, respectively, advanced to the Vice President's Representatives, and the other guests of the Senate proceeded desk and the oath of office prescribed by law was administered to the inaugural platform at the east front of the Capitol. to them by the Vice Ptesident. The oath of office having been administered to the President The Chief Clerk called the names of Mr. PATTERSON, Mr. elect by the Chief Justice of the United States, he delivered PITTMAN, Mr. REED, Mr. RoBINSON of Indiana, Mr. SHIPSTEAD, the inaugural address. and Mr. STEPHENS. INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT HERBERT HOOVER These Senators (with the exception of Mr. SHIPSTEAD) MY CoUNTRYMEN: This occasion is not alone the administra­ escorted by Mr. HA WEB, 1\Ir. 0DDIE, Mr. MosES, Mr. WATSON, tion of the most sacred oath which can be assumed by an Amer­ and Mr. HARRISON, respectively, advanced to the Vice Presi­ ican citizen. It is a dedication and consecration under God to dent's desk and the oath of office prescribed by law was ad­ 'the highest office in service of our people. I assume this trust ministered to them by the Vice President. in the humility of knowledge that only through the guidance of ' The Chief Clerk called the names of Mr. SwANSON, Mr. Almighty Providence can I hope to discharge its ever-increasing TOWNSEND, Mr. TRAMMELL, Mr. VANDENBERG, Mr. WALCOTT, Mr. burdens. WALSH of Massachusetts, and Mr. WHEELER. It is in keeping with tradition throughout our history thv.t I These Senators, escorted by Mr. GLASS, Mr. HASTINGS, Mr. should express simply and directly the opinions which I hold FLETCHER, Mr. CouzENS, Mr. BINGHAM, Mr. RoBINSON of Ar­ concerning some of the matters of present importance. kansas, and Mr. WALSH of Montana, respectively, advanced to OUR PROGRESS the Vice President's desk and the oath of office prescribed by If' we survey the situation of our .Nation both at home and law was administered to them by the Vice President. abroad, we find many satisfactions ; we find some causes for LIST OF SENATORS BY STATES concern. We have emerged from the ·losses of the Great War Alabama~J. Thomas Heflin and Hugo Black. and the reconstruction following it with increased virility and At·izona-Henry F_. Ashurst and Carl Hayden. strength. From this strength we have contributed to the re­ At·kan.sas-Joseph T. Robinson and T. H. Caraway. covery and progress of the world. What America has done has California-Hiram W. Johnson and Samuel M. Shortridge. given l'enewed hope and courage to all who have faith in govern­ Colorado-Lawrence C. Phipps and Charles W. Waterman. ment by the people. In the large view we have reached a higher Oonnecticut~Hiram Bingham and Frederic C. Walcott. degree of comfort and security than ever existed before in the Delaware-Daniel 0. Hastings and John G. 'l'ownsend. history of the world. Through liberation from widespread pov­ Florida-Duncan U. Fletcher and Park Trammell_,.. erty we have reached a higher degree of individual freedom than Georgia-William J. Harris and Walter F. George. ever before. The devotion to and concern for our institutions Idaho-William E. Borah and John Thomas. are deep and sincere. We are steadily building a new race-a Illinois-Charles S. Deneen and Otis F. Glenn. new civilization great in its own attainments. The influence Indiana-James E. Watson and Arthur R. Robinson. and high purposes of our Nation are respected among the peoples Iowa-Daniel F. Steck and Smith W. Brookhart. of the world. We aspfre to distinction in the world, but to a Kansas-Arthur Capper. distinction based upon confidence in our sense of justice as well Kenttwky-Fred M. Sackett and .Alben W. Barkley. as our accomplishments within our own borders and in our own Louisiana-Joseph E. Ransdell and Edwin S. Broussard. lives. For wise guidance in this great period of recovery the Maine-Frederick Hale and Arthur R. Gould. Nation is deeply indebted to Calvin Coolidge. Maryland-Millard E. Tydings and Phillips Lee Golds- But all this majestic advance should not obscure the constant borough. dangers from which self-government must be safeguarded. The .Massach'ttsetts-Frederick H. Gillett and David I. Walsh. strong man must at all times be alert to the attack of insidious MioMgan-James Couzens and Arthur H. Vandenberg. disease~ • .J.finnesota-Henrik Shipstead 1 and Thomas D. Schall THE FAILURE OF OUR SYSTEM OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE Mississippi-Pat Harrison and Hubert D. Stephens. The most malign of all these dangers to-day is disregard and Missottri-Harry B. Hawes and Roscoe C. Patterson. disobedience of law. Crime is increasing. Confidence in rigid Montana-Thomas J. Walsh and Burton K. Wheeler. n.nd speedy justice is dec-reasing. I am not prepared to believe Nebraska--George W. Norris and Robert B. Howell. that this indicates any decay in the moral fiber of the American Nevada-Key Pittman and Tasker L. Oddie. people. I am not prepared to believe that it indicates an impo­ New Hampshire-George H. Moses and Henry W. Keyes. tence of the Federal Government to enforce its laws. New Jersey-Walter E. Edge and Hamilton F. Kean. It is only in part due to the additional burdens imposed upon New Me:.vioo-Sam G. Bratton and Bronson M. Cutting.1 our judicial syste.m by the eighteenth amendment. The prob­ New York--Royal S. Copeland and Robert F. Wagner. lem is much wider than that. Many influences had increasingly North Oat·oZina--Furnifold M. Simmons and Lee S. Overman. complicated and weakened our law-enforcement organization North Dakota--Lynn J. Frazier and Gerald P. Nye. long before the adoption of the eighteenth amendment. Ohio-Simeon D. Fess and Theodore E. Burton. To reestablish the vigor and effectiveness of law enforcement Oklahoma-W. B. Pine and Elmer Thomas. we must critically consider the entire Federal machinery of jus­ Oreg011r---Charles L. McNary and Frederick Steiwer. tice, the redistribution of its functions, the simplification of its Pennsylvania-David A. Reed and William S. Vare.1 procedure, the provision of additional special tribunals, the bet- lNot sworn. ' Not sworn. 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5 ter selection of jurie.'!, and the more effective organization of have established -a differentiation in the-whole nietbod of busi­ our agencies of investigation ~d pros~utio;n that j~tice may ness regulation between the industries which produce and dis­ be sure and that it may -be swift. While the authonty of. the tribute commodities on the one hand, and public utilities on Federal Goyernment extends to but part of our vast system of the other. In the former, our laws insist upon effective compe­ national, State, and local justice, yet the standa~ds which the tition; in the latter, because we substantially confer a monopoly l!,eLeague of Nations fruition of these aspirations. No one can adequately reduce which may commit .us in advance as a Nation to become in~ t~ese things of the spirit to phrases or to a catalogue of defini­ volved in the settlements of controversies between other coun­ tions. We do know what the attainments of these ideals tries. They adhere to the belief that the independence of should be: The preservation of self-government and its full America from such obligations increases iU! ability and avail­ foundations in local government; the perfection of justice ability for service in all fields of human progress. whether i.n economic or in social fields; the maintenance of I have lately returned from a journey among our sister ordered liberty; the denial of domination by any group or Republics of the Western Hemisphere. I have received un­ cla~s; the bu~lding up and preservation of equality of oppor­ bounded hospitality and comtesy as their expression of friend­ tunity; the stimulation of initiative and individuality· absolute liness to our country. We are held by particular bonds of integrity in public affairs; the choice of officials for 'fitness to sympathy and common interest with them. They are each of office; the direction of economic progress toward prosperity them building a racial character and a culture which is an im­ and the further lessening of poverty; the freedom of public pressive contribution to human progress. We wish only for the opm10n ; the sustaining of education and of the advancement maintenance of their independence, the growth of their stability of knowledge; the growth of religious spirit and the tolerance and their prosperity. While we have had wars in the Western of all faiths; the strengthening of the home; the advancement Hemisphere yet on the whole the record is in encouraging of peace. contrast with that of other parts of the world. Fortunately There is no short road to the realization of these aspirations. the New World is largely free from the inheritances of fear Ours is a progressive people, but with a determination that and distrust which have so troubled the Old ·world. We should progress must be based upon the foundation of experience. keep it so. It is impossible, my countrymen, to speak of peace Ill-considered remedies for our faults bring only penalties after without profound emotion. In thousands of homes in America . them. But if we hold the faith of the men in our mighty past in millions of homes around the world, there are vacant chairs: who created these ideals, we shall leave them heightened and It would be a shameful confession of our unworthiness if it strengthened for our children. should develop that we abandoned the hopes for which all tliese CONCLUSION men died. Surely civilization is old enough, surely mankind is This is not the time and place for extended discussion. The mature enough so that we ought in our own lifetime to find questions before our country are problems of progress to higher a way to permanent peace. Abroad to west and east are na­ standards ; they are not the problems of degeneration. They tions whose sons mingled their blood with the blood of our demand thought and they serve to quicken the conscience and sons on the battlefields. Most of these nations have contrib­ enlist our sense of responsibility for their settlement. And that uted to our race, to our culture, our knowledge, and our prog­ responsibility rests upon you, my countrymen, as much as upon ress. From one of them we derive our very language and those of us who have been selected for office. from many of them much of the genius of our institutions. Ours is a land rich in resources; stimulating in its glorious Their desire for peace is as deep and sincere as our own. beauty; filled with millions of happy homes; blessed with com­ Peace can be contributed to by respect for our ability in fort and opportunity. In no nation are the institutions of ~fense. Peace can be promoted by the limitation of arms and progress more advanced. In no nation are the fruits of accom­ by the creation of the instrumentalities · for peaceful settlement plishment more secure. In no nation is the government more of controversies. But it will become a reality only through worthy Qf respect;. NQ ~ountry is more lQved by its people. I CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-SENATE .7 have an abiding faith in their capacity, integrity, and high pur· PRESIDENT WILSON AND PROHIDITION :vo e. I have no fears for the future of our country. It is , Mr. "BORAH. Mr. President, I ask permission to have printed bright with hope. in the RECORD an article appearing in the New York Times In the pre ence of my countrymen, mindful of tbe solemnity written by the Senator from Virginia [Mr. GLAss]. of this occasion, knowing what the task means and the r~ The VIGE PRESIDENT.' Without objection, it is so ordered. sponsibility which it involves, I beg your tolerance, your aid, The article is as follows : · and your cooperation. I ask the help of Almighty God in this service to my country to which you have called me. NEW LIGHT ON WILSON AND PROHIBITION-IN A CHALLENGE TO WETS SENATOR GLASS REVEALS IN:'l"ER lllSTORY OF THE LATE PRESIDENT'S At 1 o'clock and 41 minutes p. m. the Senate returned to its ATTITUDE .AND SHOWS HOW HE DEVISED A DIFFIDlE.NT ENFORCEMENT Chamber, and the Vice President resumed the chair. POLICY FOR THE STATES AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HOUR OF DAILY MEETING (It has been repeatedly asserted that President Wilson was opp

Ashl.Jrst Glass McMasmr Smoot ~HE VETO MESSAGE Barkley Glenn Mc1~ary Steck Bingham Goff Metcalf Steiwer His veto message pointedly reflects this opinion and this view onJy. Blease Goldsboxough Moses Stephens Borah Gould Norris Swanson It was comprised within several paragraphs, .as follows : Bratton Greene Nye . Thomas, Idaho To the House of Representatives: Broo.khart Hale Oddie Thomas, Okla. I am returning without .my signature H. 6810, "An act to prohibit Broussard Harris Overman Townsend R. Burton Harrison Patterson Trammell intoxicating beverages, and to regul.&te the manufacture, production, use, Capper Bastings Phipps Tydings an.d sale of high-proof spirits for other -than beverage purposes, and to Caraway Hatfield Pine Tyson ...insure an ample supply of alcohol and promote its use in scientific Connally Hawes Pittman Vandenberg Copeland Hayden Ransdell Wagner research and in -the development of fuel, dye, and other lawful in- Couzens Hebert Reed Walcott dustries." · Dale Hetlin Robinson, Ark. Walsh, Mass. Deneen Johnson Robinson, Ind. .Walsh, Mont. The -subject matter treated in this measure deals with two distinct Dill Jones Sack-ett Warren phases of the proh~bition legislation. One part of the act under con­ Edge Kean Schall Waterman ..siderntion seeks to . enforce war-time prohibition. The other provides Fe s Xendrick -Bheppard Watson Fletcher Keyes Shortridge Ior ·the eliforcement which was made necessary by the adoption of the Frazier K.i~ Simmons constitutional amendment. I object to and can not approve that part George Mcfi.ellar Smith of this legislation with reference to war-time prohibition. It has to Mr. BRATTON. My colleague [Mr. CuTTING] is necessarily do with the enforcement of an act which was passed by reason of the absent. This announcement may stand for the day. emergencies of the war and whose objects have been satisfied in the Mr. NORRIS . .I desire to announce that my .colleague .[Mr. demobilization of the :Army and Navy, and· whose repeal I have already HowELL] is detained from the Senate on account of illness. Bought '1rt tbe bands of Congress. Where the purposes of particular The VICE.PRESIDENT. .Eighty-five Senators have answered legislation arising out of war ·emergency bave been satisfied, sound to their names. A quorum is present. The -Senate will receive public policy makes clear the reason and 'Ilecessity for repeal. a message from the President of the United States. It will not be difficult for Congress in considering this important mat· MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT ter to separate these· two queitions and effectively to legislate regarding them, inaking the proper distinction between temporary causes wbich A message in writing from the President of the,United States arose out ot war-time emergencies and those like the constitutional was communicated to the Senate .by Mr. Latta, one of .his secre· amendment ot prohibition which is now part of the fundamental law taries. of the CQUntry. In all matters having to do with the personal habits PRIN'ff.N