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Imprint:Oregon Vol. 1 Fall 1974 No. 2 Wayne L. Morse, 1900-1 974 Published semi-annually by the Library of the University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon WAYNE L. MORSE election of congressmen did stability or continuity become common in the careers In May 1973 Senator Wayne L. Morse of Oregon congressmen. Willis Hawley, shipped his personal and senatorialpa-Nicholas Sinnott, James MoLt and Walter pers to the University of Oregon LibraryPierce in the lower house, Charles Mc- from Washington, D.C. where they hadNary and Frederick Steiwer in the upper, been stored in the Federal Records Cen-were all multiple-term congressmen, but ter. The collection of over 1,200 cubiconly at mid-century and after are there feet of correspondence and documents isOregon congressmen who preserved files the largest single collection ofmanu- with deliberate historical intent. scripts in the Library. To scholars con- The latest, largest, and in certain re- cerned with the political history of thespects the most important of Oregon con- third quarter of this century it is the mostgressionalfilesare thoseof Senator important collection in the Library. Wayne L. Morse. Not only the length of The death of Senator Morse on July his tenure, but the breadth of his service 22, 1974 during his campaign for re-contributes to the value of his files. His election brackets his papers whileem- membership on important committees, phasizing their value to history. Byco- his aRention to floor work, his willing- incidence, an "Inventory of the Papersness to expound and defend unpopular of Wayne L. Morse" was completed bytruths, and the dedication of his office the Library, in typescript, and in hisstaff combined to produce a record of hands a few weeks prior to his death. national and international significance. The inventory is being published by the During his senatorial years scholars Library as a memorial to the Senator andwere indebted to Senator Morse because an aid to scholars. he was a sturdy ally of education. A new The State of Oregon has probablyindebtedness has now been incurred with fared as well or as badly as most Westernthe deposit of the papers of Wayne L. states so far as the records of its congress-Morse intheUniversityof Oregon men are concerned. The papers of ourLibrary. second territorial delegate and first state senator are in the Indiana University Library. A 19th century congressman from Ore- Imprint : Oregon gon was faced with a 2,000-mile trip by stage, rail or steamer, life in a Washing- Vol. 1 Fall 1974 No. 2 ton D.C. boarding house, isolation from Published by the University of Oregon Library his constituents, and the prospect that the next legislative assembly would replace Editors: MARTIN SCHMIrr, E. C. KEMP, him. His pay was $7,500, plus mileage. KEITH RICHARD He could do as well, often better,as a Price: One dollar ISSN 0094-0232 lawyer or businessman back home. It is not surprising that in the 19th century only John H. Mitchell served more thanSir Winston's Potboilers J. RICHARD HEINZKILL and two terms as Senator from Oregon, and MARTIN SCHMITT only Binger Hermann servedmore than three as Representative. H. L. Davis in Tennessee 16 Not until the 20th century and direct BOWEN INGRAM 2 Imprint:Oregon Sir Winston's Potboilers Sir Winston Spencer Churchill, whose sional journalist that always lurked be- birth centenary is being observed thishind the cigar. year, has been celebrated as a statesman, Churchill's career is dotted with epi- military genius, historian, orator, brick-sodes indicating that writing for pay was layer, raconteur and artist. Less has beenone of the major impulses and necessities said about his journalistic career, thoughof his life.2 When his father, Lord Ran- for the first four decades of his adult lifedolph, died in 1895, young Spencer- writing for newspapers and magazinesChurchill had already chosen the army was an important source of his incomeas a career. He was gazetted to the Fourth and at times his only occupation. It was (Queen's Own) Hussars. He improved also a deliberate device for keeping hishis first furlough, in the fall of 1895, not name and reputation before the Britishin perfecting his skill at polo, but in a and world public. trip to Cuba where there was an insurrec- Considering the fame of the man, ittion in progress. He wished to observe a would seem likely that bibliographerswar at first hand. Through family con- would by now have found every lastnections (the British ambassador in Ma- Churchill book, pamphlet, magazine anddrid was a friend of Lord Randolph) he newspaper article, preface and book re- obtained the necessary travel documents view, and that the surviving Churchilland introductions. In the office of the manuscripts would all be located. Defini-London Daily Graphic he reminded the tiveness in bibliography is, however, aeditor of some travel letters Lord Ran- relative concept; new discoveries aredolph had written for that paper, and occasionally made of even Shakespeareinquired whether a series of letters by material, and no doubt new Churchillthe son, from Cuba, would be acceptable. discoveries will from time to time be They would be, he was assured. The Daily announced. Graphicgot somevividdispatches, Within the past two years the Univer-Churchill got his first experience under sity of Oregon Library has been mostfire; and the world got a new and (later) fortunate as to Churchill. First, the Li- famous war correspondent. He was just brary received a uniformly-bound set of21. most of Sir Winston's books, almost all This was the first of many instances in their first or more desirable editions when Churchill made use of family con- in immaculate condition. Second, the Li- nections or otherwise bent his prospects braryacquired twomanuscriptsbyto further his journalistic career. In 1896, Churchill, "My Life," and a digest ofwhen his regiment was preparing for duty Tolstoi's War and Peace, both written forin India, Churchill was most reluctant to the Chicago Tribune Syndicate.1 Theseaccompany it into what he felt would be acquisitions are reminders of the profes- literary,social and possibly political 1 The books were a gift of Dr. Roland 2 Churchill was not poor in the Dickensian Mayer and the Medford Clinic, Medford, Ore. sense. Nor was he rich. His father, a fourth son, The manuscripts are part of a large collection was rich only in eccentricities. His mother was of the correspondence, manuscripts and other wealthy, but disinclined to lower her standard records of the Chicago Tribune-New York News of living to raise Winston's. He inherited prop- Syndicate, Inc., Fiction Department, a gift of erty and some money, but found it exceedingly Mrs. Joseph Medill Patterson. convenient, if not absolutely necessary, to aug- ment his income by writing. Fall /974 exile. He was uncertain about what he in England, opened a campaign to have wanted to do, but whatever it was, india himself transported to Egypt, where Sir did not seem the place to do it. He madeHerbert Kitchener was fighting in the fruitless inquiries about a transfer to Sudan. Whether he went as a member of more active scenes. Seven months afteran army unit or as a correspondent was his arrival in Bangalore in October 1896 immaterial. He would write in either he took advantage of a special leave tocase. Despite bureaucratic rebuffs from return to England. En route he learnedwhat Churchill describes as "ill-informed that war between Greece and Turkeyover and ill-disposed people," he was, after Crete seemed likely. Winston would bemuch finagling, appointed "supernurner- landing in Italy in May 1897. He asked ary lieutenant ..- for the Soudan cam- his mother to act as his agent towardan paign." The orders continued, "in the appointment as war correspondent for aevent of your being killed or wounded... London newspaper. Much to his regret,no charge of any kind will fall on British the war ended after 31 days, too quicklyarmy funds." Six days later he was in to be useful to him, so the would-beCairo. journalist proceeded to England. There Churchill's letters to the Morning Post he put a toe into the river of politics forbegan in August and ended in October the first time and found the water not1898. His book on the campaign, The too cold. River War, appeared in 1899. By then Though Churchill may already havehe had resigned his commission, chosen been considering resignation from thepolitics as his true career, and was on army, news of a revolt of Pathan tribes-his way to South Africa as the well-paid men on the Indian frontier (and visionsPost correspondent in the Boer War. of fresh newspaper dispatches) sent him His extraordinary success, both as cor- back to his regiment promptly. Throughrespondent and as live hero in the Boer Lady Randolph he offered his servicesasWar, ensured Churchill'selectionto correspondentto London newspapers.Parliament. He was neither the first nor TheTimes refused him because it alreadythe last politician to trade on a military hada man in the field, hut the Dailyreputation, genuine or manufactured. He Telegraph agreed to hire him, at half themade sure that this reputation would not fee he expected. suffer or fade by writing two books based On October 6, 1897 the first of fifteenon his South African dispatches and by "letters" appeared in the Telegraph fromtraveling the lecture circuit in England the Indian frontier. Theywere, to their (29 appearances), Canada and the United author'sdismay, publishedunsigned. States (under "a vulgar Yankee impres- Neither his reputation as a journalistnor sario"). his political ambitions would be for- He was then richer by about £10,000. warded by such modesty. In the manner Thirty years later he would reflect, "I of foreign correspondents then andnow, had only myself to consider and my per- he assembled his dispatches and addedsonal expenses were not great.