Imprint:

Vol. 1 Fall 1974 No. 2

Wayne L. Morse, 1900-1 974

Published semi-annually by the Library of the , Eugene, Oregon WAYNE L. MORSE election of congressmen did stability or continuity become common in the careers In May 1973 Senator Wayne L. Morse of Oregon congressmen. Willis Hawley, shipped his personal and senatorialpa-Nicholas Sinnott, James MoLt and Walter pers to the University of Oregon LibraryPierce in the lower house, Charles Mc- from Washington, D.C. where they hadNary and Frederick Steiwer in the upper, been stored in the Federal Records Cen-were all multiple-term congressmen, but ter. The collection of over 1,200 cubiconly at mid-century and after are there feet of correspondence and documents isOregon congressmen who preserved files the largest single collection ofmanu- with deliberate historical intent. scripts in the Library. To scholars con- The latest, largest, and in certain re- cerned with the political history of thespects the most important of Oregon con- third quarter of this century it is the mostgressionalfilesare thoseof Senator important collection in the Library. Wayne L. Morse. Not only the length of The death of Senator Morse on July his tenure, but the breadth of his service 22, 1974 during his campaign for re-contributes to the value of his files. His election brackets his papers whileem- membership on important committees, phasizing their value to history. Byco- his aRention to floor work, his willing- incidence, an "Inventory of the Papersness to expound and defend unpopular of Wayne L. Morse" was completed bytruths, and the dedication of his office the Library, in typescript, and in hisstaff combined to produce a record of hands a few weeks prior to his death. national and international significance. The inventory is being published by the During his senatorial years scholars Library as a memorial to the Senator andwere indebted to Senator Morse because an aid to scholars. he was a sturdy ally of education. A new The State of Oregon has probablyindebtedness has now been incurred with fared as well or as badly as most Westernthe deposit of the papers of Wayne L. states so far as the records of its congress-Morse intheUniversityof Oregon men are concerned. The papers of ourLibrary. second territorial delegate and first state senator are in the Indiana University Library. A 19th century congressman from Ore- Imprint : Oregon gon was faced with a 2,000-mile trip by stage, rail or steamer, life in a Washing- Vol. 1 Fall 1974 No. 2 ton D.C. boarding house, isolation from Published by the University of Oregon Library his constituents, and the prospect that the next legislative assembly would replace Editors: MARTIN SCHMIrr, E. C. KEMP, him. His pay was $7,500, plus mileage. KEITH RICHARD He could do as well, often better,as a Price: One dollar ISSN 0094-0232 lawyer or businessman back home. It is not surprising that in the 19th century only John H. Mitchell served more thanSir Winston's Potboilers J. RICHARD HEINZKILL and two terms as Senator from Oregon, and MARTIN SCHMITT only Binger Hermann servedmore than three as Representative. H. L. Davis in Tennessee 16 Not until the 20th century and direct BOWEN INGRAM

2 Imprint:Oregon Sir Winston's Potboilers Sir Winston Spencer Churchill, whose sional journalist that always lurked be- birth centenary is being observed thishind the cigar. year, has been celebrated as a statesman, Churchill's career is dotted with epi- military genius, historian, orator, brick-sodes indicating that writing for pay was layer, raconteur and artist. has beenone of the major impulses and necessities said about his journalistic career, thoughof his life.2 When his father, Lord Ran- for the first four decades of his adult lifedolph, died in 1895, young Spencer- writing for newspapers and magazinesChurchill had already chosen the army was an important source of his incomeas a career. He was gazetted to the Fourth and at times his only occupation. It was (Queen's Own) Hussars. He improved also a deliberate device for keeping hishis first furlough, in the fall of 1895, not name and reputation before the Britishin perfecting his skill at polo, but in a and world public. trip to Cuba where there was an insurrec- Considering the fame of the man, ittion in progress. He wished to observe a would seem likely that bibliographerswar at first hand. Through family con- would by now have found every lastnections (the British ambassador in Ma- Churchill book, pamphlet, magazine anddrid was a friend of Lord Randolph) he newspaper article, preface and book re- obtained the necessary travel documents view, and that the surviving Churchilland introductions. In the office of the manuscripts would all be located. Defini-London Daily Graphic he reminded the tiveness in bibliography is, however, aeditor of some travel letters Lord Ran- relative concept; new discoveries aredolph had written for that paper, and occasionally made of even Shakespeareinquired whether a series of letters by material, and no doubt new Churchillthe son, from Cuba, would be acceptable. discoveries will from time to time be They would be, he was assured. The Daily announced. Graphicgot somevividdispatches, Within the past two years the Univer-Churchill got his first experience under sity of Oregon Library has been mostfire; and the world got a new and (later) fortunate as to Churchill. First, the Li- famous war correspondent. He was just brary received a uniformly-bound set of21. most of Sir Winston's books, almost all This was the first of many instances in their first or more desirable editions when Churchill made use of family con- in immaculate condition. Second, the Li- nections or otherwise bent his prospects braryacquired twomanuscriptsbyto further his journalistic career. In 1896, Churchill, "My Life," and a digest ofwhen his regiment was preparing for duty Tolstoi's War and Peace, both written forin India, Churchill was most reluctant to the Chicago Tribune Syndicate.1 Theseaccompany it into what he felt would be acquisitions are reminders of the profes- literary,social and possibly political 1 The books were a gift of Dr. Roland 2 Churchill was not poor in the Dickensian Mayer and the Medford Clinic, Medford, Ore. sense. Nor was he rich. His father, a fourth son, The manuscripts are part of a large collection was rich only in eccentricities. His mother was of the correspondence, manuscripts and other wealthy, but disinclined to lower her standard records of the Chicago Tribune-New York News of living to raise Winston's. He inherited prop- Syndicate, Inc., Fiction Department, a gift of erty and some money, but found it exceedingly Mrs. Joseph Medill Patterson. convenient, if not absolutely necessary, to aug- ment his income by writing. Fall /974 exile. He was uncertain about what he in England, opened a campaign to have wanted to do, but whatever it was, india himself transported to Egypt, where Sir did not seem the place to do it. He madeHerbert Kitchener was fighting in the fruitless inquiries about a transfer to Sudan. Whether he went as a member of more active scenes. Seven months afteran army unit or as a correspondent was his arrival in Bangalore in October 1896 immaterial. He would write in either he took advantage of a special leave tocase. Despite bureaucratic rebuffs from return to England. En route he learnedwhat Churchill describes as "ill-informed that war between Greece and Turkeyover and ill-disposed people," he was, after Crete seemed likely. Winston would bemuch finagling, appointed "supernurner- landing in Italy in May 1897. He asked ary lieutenant ..- for the Soudan cam- his mother to act as his agent towardan paign." The orders continued, "in the appointment as war correspondent for aevent of your being killed or wounded... London newspaper. Much to his regret,no charge of any kind will fall on British the war ended after 31 days, too quicklyarmy funds." Six days later he was in to be useful to him, so the would-beCairo. journalist proceeded to England. There Churchill's letters to the Morning Post he put a toe into the river of politics forbegan in August and ended in October the first time and found the water not1898. His book on the campaign, The too cold. River War, appeared in 1899. By then Though Churchill may already havehe had resigned his commission, chosen been considering resignation from thepolitics as his true career, and was on army, news of a revolt of Pathan tribes-his way to South Africa as the well-paid men on the Indian frontier (and visionsPost correspondent in the Boer War. of fresh newspaper dispatches) sent him His extraordinary success, both as cor- back to his regiment promptly. Throughrespondent and as live hero in the Boer Lady Randolph he offered his servicesasWar, ensured Churchill'selectionto correspondentto London newspapers.Parliament. He was neither the first nor TheTimes refused him because it alreadythe last politician to trade on a military hada man in the field, hut the Dailyreputation, genuine or manufactured. He Telegraph agreed to hire him, at half themade sure that this reputation would not fee he expected. suffer or fade by writing two books based On October 6, 1897 the first of fifteenon his South African dispatches and by "letters" appeared in the Telegraph fromtraveling the lecture circuit in England the Indian frontier. Theywere, to their (29 appearances), Canada and the United author'sdismay, publishedunsigned. States (under "a vulgar Yankee impres- Neither his reputation as a journalistnor sario"). his political ambitions would be for- He was then richer by about £10,000. warded by such modesty. In the manner Thirty years later he would reflect, "I of foreign correspondents then andnow, had only myself to consider and my per- he assembled his dispatches and addedsonal expenses were not great. I, there- fresh material from other sources tofore, gave up journalistic work and lec. write a book, The Story o/the Malakandtured no more. I could thus give my Field Forces, which appeared in Marchwhole time to my parliamentary duties 1898. and to political work." This was a pattern that would repeat This and other autobiographical state- itself. In June 1898 Churchill, then backments by Churchill must be read with

4 Imprint:Oregon LONDON PARIS BERLIN NEWYORK CURTIS BROWN, LTD. InternatIonal PobIlihIng B 10 EAST 49thSTREET NEW YORK MARGARETFOLEY. Telephone, PLug 3-8362 M.g.,mr Department 2.Jrd. Cable,: 'Browncurc" eptember 1932 r NeYork. London. Pan, and Berlin

Miss Mary Kjn Chioao ribune 220 ast 42nd treet Aew York City

DearMISSKing:

I accordance with our telephone conversation, I cabled. 'inston Chuxonjll this morning that the Chicao ribune was preDared. to uncier- take the six great stories of the world as retold. by Mr. Cnu.rohill, and. to publish them iu1taneol1sly with the n1ish paper, News of the lorld.. It is understood. that the stories are to be published, weekly, orobably start- In at the end. of January. .s you will recall, it was agreed. that, in the event of acceptance, the Cziicao Tribune will pay lOOO a piece for the stories.

Ye are expecting at least one and. probably two specimen sto- ries before the end of October. It is our u.nd.erstand.jn that on approval of tnese, the Cr1Icao .ribune will give a definite order for the whole series. e have asked r. Churchill to substi- tute "Anna Karenina" for "phais". Sincerely yoar,,

mf/ s /

Agency letter from Tribvn. Syndicate filet Fail /974 sympathetic doubt. It was true that in my income has been multiplied by three 1901 he no longer had to importune pub- times at least; and I have had ... a great lishers or rely on family influence to deal more work than I could undertake."3 place newspaper or magazine articles.At one time or another Watt's clients in- His political fortunes were on the rise.cluded G. K. Chesterton, Wilkie Collins, From 1906 to 1929 he was in successionThomas Hardy, Arthur Conan Doyle and Under-secretary of State for Colonies,Arthur Balfour, who brought Churchill President of the Board of Trade, Homeand Watt together in 1898. How long the Secretary, First Lord of the Admiralty,association lasted we do not know. By Minister of Munitions, Secretary of Statethe late 1920s Churchill was a client of for War, and for Air, Secretary of StateCurtis Brown, Ltd., a London-based firm for the Colonies, and Chancellor of thewith a New York office and international Exchequer. in practical terms, as a jour-connections. By the 1950s he was no nalist he was eventually in a position tolonger on Curtis Brown's list of clients, write about almost anything and get itbut his son, Randolph was. published and paid for. This, of course, it was Curtis Brown that in 1930 ne- he did. His output was prodigious. Hegotiated Churchill's agreement with Col- trained hmself to dictate, and thus, as heliers magazine under which he wrote six said, "freed myself from the hobbles articles a year for ten years. He could, of actual caligraphy." and did, write about anything that struck Churchill's articles appeared frequentlyhis fancy: the Depression, unemploy- in newspapers and magazines in England.ment insurance, corn on the cob, Frank- As his fame spread, he was published inlin Roosevelt, ice water on the table. He the . In 1924 he began writ-was a Russell Baker in striped pants. ing regularly for American periodicals.Through Curtis Brown Churchill peddled In fact, he became a Cosmopolitan boy.articles that could be sold only because In the 1920s Cosmopolitan was a respect-of the writer's name and reputation. able magazine with no centerfold. Among When the Baldwin government fell in its other regular contributors were Irvin1929,ChancelloroftheExchequer S. Cobb, George Ade, H. G. Wells andChurchill was out of a job. He embarked Kathleen Norris, a company of writerson lecture tours and wrote hack articles. among whom even a Chancellor of theThis kept him in cigars and whisky, and Exchequer might feel comfortable, espe-afforded him the leisure to work on the cially if he had an impish turn of mind.biography of his illustrious ancestor, the For Cosmopolitan Churchill drew heavilyfirst Duke of Marlborough. It was during on his Boer War experiences for 13this period that his relationship with the articles. In them he did not hesitate toFiction Department of the Chicago Trib- crib copiously from the writer he knewune Syndicate began. besthimself The idea of including fiction in the Once Churchill was launched on hisSunday edition of the Chicago Tribune dual career of journalism and politics he was suggested by publisher Robert R. hired a literary agent, A. P. Watt. A. P.McCormick in1918. The plan was Watt was one of the first professionaladopted in 1919. The first published title agents, having commenced business inwas "Providence," a short story by Will 1883. Walter Besant, one of his satisfied Payne in the issue of September 21, 1919. customers, testified, "I have been relieved 3 Letters Addressed to A. P. Watt and His from every kind of pecuniary anxiety; Sons (London, 1929) p. v.

6 Imprint :Oregon On November 2, 1919 the first serialwas Tribune Syndicate was not original fic- commenced, "Spice," by Henry C. Row- tion, but Churchill's version of other land. For the next fifty years, fictionpeople's fiction. The agency had already daily serials, Sunday serials, and shortsold the idea to News of the World, a storieswas a feature of the Tribune andUnited Kingdom general-interest peri- itssjster paper, theNew York Dailyodical with a newspaper format, some- News. It was distributed through thewhat like the magazine section of the Tribune Syndicate, Iaterthe ChicagoNew York Times. Churchill proposed to Tribune-New York News Syndicate, toretell the "World's Great Stories" for the newspapers in the United States and Can-benefit of the masses who had never had ada. Fiction was solicited and bought bytime to read them. Margaret Foley of Mary King, who later became Mrs. Jo- Curtis Brown's New York office, wrote to seph Medill Patterson. Shewas SundayMary King on September 19,1932, Editor of the Tribune froni 1926-1931"Churchill is planning to re-write and fiction editor of the Syndicate from 'Monte Christo,' [sic] 'Moonshine' [sic] 1930-1969. She was also Women's Editorby Wilkie Collins,'She,''BenHur,' of Liberty from 1926-1931. She bought 'Thais,' and 'Uncle Tom's Cabin.'" It the novels and short stories of such writ- was obvious that Miss Foley would bene- ers as F. Scott Fitzgerald, Booth Tarking-fit from Churchill's short course in the ton, Ring Lardner, Agatha Christie, Saxworld's great fiction. Rohmer, Luke Short and Philip Wylie. By September 23 the Tribune Syndi. Her list of acceptable authors includedcate had agreed to buy six of Churchill's the best English and American writersretellings and to pay $1,000 each for of mystery and detective stories, westernsthem, pending receipt of samples. The and gothic novels. She paid top prices,samples arrived in due course (A Tale of and paid on acceptance. Two Cities; Uncle Torn's Cabin) and on Curtis Brown was a regular source ofNovember 10 Curtis Brown confirmed manuscripts for the Tribune Syndicate.acceptance of $6,000 for American and When Churchill was with theagencyCanadian publishing rightstoUncle some of his fellow-clients were Eric Am-Torn's Cabin, A Tale of Two Cities, Moon- bler, Daphne Du Maurier, Norah Lofts,stone, The Count of Monte Cristo, Tess E. Phillips Oppenheim, Roland Pertwee,0/the D'Urbervilles and Ben Hur, as fil- Ellery Queen and Vita Sackville-West, tered through Churchillian prose. There all of whom had work sold to the Syndi- was a question about copyright, but the cate. In 1932 Curtis Brown offered for agent assured the Syndicate that the arti- sale to the Fiction Department of thecles "will be free of copyright complica- Tribune Syndicate some of the writingtions, as the responsibility in this matter of Winston Churchill. lies with the Honorable Winston Church- Churchill was not then writing novelsill and in no sense involves the Chicago or short stories. His one novel, Savrola,Tribune." appeared in book form in 1900 after ser- The six installments of the series were ial publication in Macmillan's Magazine, received by February 1933; Jane Eyre May to December 1899. It sold well forwas substituted for Ben Hur. Publication a first novel, but only because its publica- in News o/ the World and the Women's tion was sandwiched between two layers Features section of the Chicago Tribune of its author's popular military histories.began on January 8, 1933. Thereafter, What Curtis Brown was offering to the the series appeared weekly in News of Fall /974 Curtis Brown, Ltd. L 0 N 0 N BERLIN NEW YORK

C. A. EVERITT, MANAGER,New York Ojice, iSEAST 48TH STREET, TELEPHONE PLAZA 3-836e CABLE S:'BROWNCU AT'

November 20, 1934

Dear Miss King:- This will summarize our conversation and give you the final confirmation on everything affecting the Churchill autobiography.

I em cabling Mr. Churchill that the Chicego Tribune will start publication Sunday, January 20, oublishing weekly.

The News will publish daily beginning J'anuary 16, but will make some arrangement whereby they do not cover the material faster than 4,000 words a waek.

The ateria1 will only be used for weekly publication in Canada, released on the :ribune's date, so that there will be no possibility of Canadian newspaoer's :ub1ication pre- ceding News World release. I have gone into everything that Ir. Churchill has had to say on the subject since we first discussed his autobioraphy. He mentions that four of the incidents have already been in- cluded in his bcok called T RCTflG CO1.ISSICN, whiCn had about at ,O00 sale here in the United States. These in- clude such things as the frontier fiC'nt, the araored train, the escape from Pretoria, and the so-called Sidney St. battle. ie says he could do some further chances here which would ma-these incidents different;- it would not make them bet- ter. This would be true in each case where the experiences of a life Lave ben .,ritten about before.

Scribner's will be doing the book later. Ve are informing them of the serialization. I am cabling again on the sub- ject of the photographs. May we have final confirmation from you on all the points in this letter? Sincerely yours,

I :EW

Miss Mary King Chicago Tribune 220 East 42nd St. New York City

Agency letter from Tribune Syndicate files

8 Jmprint:Oregon the World and monthly in the News andmanuscript had been sent to Curtis Brown Tribune.4 in New York. Payment for American and Once started, Churchill was noteasy Canadian serial and syndicate rights was to stop. The agent offered a second seriesordered by Mary King on December 20. of six re-told stories, but Mary King had The speed with which Churchill pro- had enough; the first, Adam Bede,was duced a book-length manuscript of about returned with thanks. 50,000 words is not surprising.5 The The 1930s were lean times,even for aoriginal manuscript in the University of man who could command a thousand dol- Oregon Library shows plainly what was lars for rebuilding Uncle Tom's Cabin. done. As had been his habit from early Churchill was out of power, and wouldwar correspondent days, Churchill bor- not return until 1939. The longer he wasrowed heavily from himself. "My Life," out, the more likely it was that his nameas the serial was titled, was a scissors- would be forgotten. Not onLy his pride,and-pastejob.Sentences,paragraphs but the demand for his journalistic pro-and almost entire chapters from earlier duction wouId suffer. He was workingonbooks were strung together with freshly- his life of Mariborough. and the volumescomposed connective material. Churchill were appearing regularly; but one doesdid not hide his method. "He mentions," not usually become rich or famous bywrote Mrs. Everitt to Mary King, "that writing biographies. It is not surprisingfour of the incidents have already been then, that Churchill, in his sixtiethyear,included in his book called The Roving suggested to Curtis Brown that this wasCommission6 which had about at 5,000 an auspicious time for him to write andsale here in the United States... He says them to sell his autobiography. he could do some further changes here The agency immediately entered into which would make the description of negotiations with News of the World and these incidents differentit would not the Tribune Syndicate. Therewere con-make them better." versations between Mrs. Helen Everitt of WhatMrs.Everitt,andpossibly the New York office of Curtis Brown and Churchill, did not emphasize was that not Mary King of the Syndicate. By Novem-only were "incidents" from A Roving ber 30, 1934 matters had advanced farCommission included in the manuscript, enough for Mrs. Everitt to establisha but long and short passages of a great publication date for the first installment, deal of other text, as well as generous ex- January 20, 1935. Installments were tocerpts from earlier books. Churchill was be published weekly in News of the Worldliterarily thrifty. He did not hesitate to and in the Tribune, daily in the New York use a good text twice, or oftener if con- News, and weekly in some unspecifiedvenient. In his manuscript of "My Life" Canadian paper. By mid-Decembera he acknowledged his debt to himself oc- casionally, but the acknowledgements liiipUbliCation of this series in the News were omitted in publication. and Tribune is not cited in Frederick Woods, Bibliography olthe Works of Sir Winston The Curtis Brown-Mary King correspond- Churchill (Toronto, 1963). The bibliography ence states that the autobiography would, after makes itplain that Churchill regularly gen- serial publication, be published as a book by crated ideas for series of easy-to-write articles Charles Scribner's Sons, but no book appeared, for which he would be well paid. Among them possibly because Scribner's did not wish to put were "Crucial Crises of the War," "Personali- old wine into new bottles. ties,'"(;reat Men of Our Time," and "Great A Roving Commission was first published Events of Out Tinie" in England in 1930 as My Early Life. Fall 1974 I) Sixty years INot so very long ago I thought this a very advanced age.When Iwas a child I was told that IethusalE and othors had lived lon but I never imagined for a moment that I should compete in such a class. Lately I have not fe),t tbe seine impression.L4n.Sixtyseoms to me to be a very reasonable age, when a man may still have vigour mind nd body with knowledge d experience besides. Politics is a profession without any superannuat scheme. Till you are fifty you are a'young men of promise'.In the sixties you are in your noondayDrime.In the atee you begin to be an elder statesman and atn4uoSor thereaftorif you live so long, they cone to carry you in a bath chair to tne exercise of the highest responsibilities. I must admit that my son does not take this view.He thinks twenty-five is.are when wisdom and courarre are united in their hichest zc'feotion. Anyone over thirty belongs totho old gan'.etust have inherited these ideas fromrrte because curiously enouGh I thou,ht just the same at his age.But I altered my views as time vent on. Another thing I have noticed is that one. is more patient asixty than at twenty-five.I wonder that this is so. One would think it wmild be the other way round; that old men would be in a hurry ard young men would plan long years with shrewd oalclllation.) Certainly I have become moconservative In my

Pages one and (opposite) two of manuscript, "My Life"

10 Imprint:Oregon outlook.When I was young I thought it was good to have things changed.They might be changed avon for the sake of changing. 3 The more they changed the better things would be.Now I feel quite L differently. I do not feel the same confIdence that Brogress, as it is called, will continue to be favourable either to the 1 tk Empire orlibertles of our country. We have so much noiw than any Other nation to log. All the decent freedom and tolerance of

our island life, all that wonderful structure of domination and authorityv4 our ancestors built up,snd which ±x our generation has sustained, seem to me to stand on foundations which are

at the present tine Increasingly procar1ous There Is a class who

say "All this Empire stuff is out of date. Let everyone self- determinate'how he pleases". There is another class who say UWh0 cares for liberty?What we want is dictatorial authority, se

wonderful strong man who would order us all aboutsubstituted for our consUtution." Woreover they say'his quite easy to do this now-&-days Once you have control of the press and the broadcast, and

are not afraid of eJwdding blood1 can make everybody vote or

01.1 You can even teach them to worship you as a god They say Q even put that across ncw. lBut Iam against all this. I a limled monarchy and a free Par lament and the undoubted glorious right of every true Briton to cr iticise any Government of which he is not a member. I do not know whether this is Conserva-

tlsm or Liberalism. I hope it Is both and honast Trade Unionism too. They all have an equal 1_-dwellig in a country where the people own the goverruow-it and not in one where the governmt own the people.

Fall 1974 11 The most interesting and least deriva-differ in detail from the manuscript and tive passages in "My Life" appear in thefrom each other. The how and why of first installment, where Churchill reflectsthe differences are not readily explained. on his age. "Sixty years!" he begins, It seems probable that the Chicago Trib- "Not so very long ago I thought thisa une version was set in type from a print- very advanced age. When I was a childer's copy prepared and edited in Mary I was told that Methusalah[sic]andKing's office. It was certainly based on others lived even longer, but Ineverthe manuscript, but may have been in- imagined for a moment that I shouldfluenced by galley proofs of the News of compete in such a class. Lately I have the World version provided by Churchill. not felt the same impression. Sixty nowIf such a composite printer's copy was seems to me to be a very reasonable age,prepared, it was not preserved in the Syn- when a man may still have vigour ofdicate files. mind and body with knowledge andex- The day before the first installment of perience besides. " the autobiography was published in the On November 30, 1934 Churchill for- Chicago Tribune the newspaper advised warded to Curtis Brown the first of whatits readers by means of an advertisement he promised would be three portions ofon page 7. Below a large portrait of his autobiography. On December 8 heChurchill, the copy promised "Adven- sent the remainder of the typewrittentureintrigue - politics - behind-the- manuscript, as well as a selection of plans scenes activities during the brightest and and photographs. The manuscript con-darkest hours in all Britain's history. tained revised text, paraphrases of earlier Don't miss these intimate revelations of texts, and paragraphs of introductory or thegreatBritishstatesman,soldier, connective matter. It also contained a author." good many corrections in Churchill's "My Life" began on page 4 of the hand, some in blue ink, some in red. InTribune, February 4, 1935. It was pub- some instances the corrections are to im- lished in 36 installments in the daily prove the style; elsewhere they bring up- edition through 16.It was an to-date some statement in a text writteneventful six weeks. The Bruno Hauptman decades before; in a few instances theytrial reached its climax; the Supreme are charitable softening of epithets onceCourt, for once, agreed with President used to characterize old opponents. Roosevelt; Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes A particularly happy passage refers todied. his marriage: ". - - what can be more News o/the World published its ver- glorious than to be united in one's walksion of the autobiography in 12 weekly through life with a being incapable ofinstallments beginning January 13, while an ignoble thought." He then continues,the New York News published the Trib- "I have shown this passage to my wifeune version in 8 weekly installments be- who says I am to scratch it out, but Iginning March 31. Either the Tribune's won't." This digression has been deleted notorious anti-British editorial attitude in red ink, and does not appear in theor its short-lived excursion into simpli- published version. fied spelling may account for the fact that The published versions of "lVly Life"in its version all British government de- partments and agencies are printed in 7This and later quotations from "My Life" lower case, e.g., house of commons. Nei- are from the manuscript, not the printed version. ther the Tribune nor the News version is

12 Imprint :Oregon cited in Woods' bibliography. However,when I encountered them again in another Woods does cite a ten-part variant pub-sphere, I was less surprised, though it lished in the Sunday Chronicle (London) did seem regrettable that such strange from December 5, 1937 through Feb-misunderstandings should be fated to ruary 13, 1938, with the title "My Lifedog my innocent footsteps." This passage and Times." was no doubt as amusing in 1935 as it The autobiography follows the chro-had been in 1930 when Churchill first nology of Churchill's career quite closely,dictated it for his book, My Early Life. except, as always, for his habitual digres- Churchill on war: "It has often hap- sions. His military adventurestake up apened, in the history of nations, that a disproportionate amount of space, partlysmall spark has caused a great explosion. because they were more cxciting, andWe therefore have Societies for the Pre- partly because there was more old ma-vention, the Abolition, or the Suppres- terial to crib. The account stops five yearssion of Sparks. But a spark itself is com- short of the year of writing. paratively harmless; it is when it makes Given the advantage of historical hind-contact with explosives that the world sight, it is instructive and amusing totrembles at the shock of a great upheaval. examine Churchill'sopinionsatageAnd so long as racial or national rival- sixty. ries, economic war, or the clash of op- "Politics," he wrote, "is a professionposing principles of life and civilization without any superannuation scheme. Till continue to produce the high explosives you are fifty you are a 'young man ofof fear and envy and hatred, so long will promise.' In the sixties you are in yourall our essays at spark control prove dif- noonday prime. In the seventies you be-ficult and perhaps, in the long run, futile." gin to be an elder statesman, and at Churchill on young people: "I should eighty, or thereafter, if you live so long,like after my experience of life and af- they come to carry you in a Bath chairfairs to introduce a little Sandhurst dis- to the exercise of the highest responsibili- cipline at our great universities. I should ties. I must admit that my son does notlike to make the young men get up in the take this view. He thinks twenty-five ismorning and parade at eight o'clock in the age when wisdom and courageare flannels, to be properly inspected to see united in their highest perfection. Any-that they were washed and shaved and one over thirty belongs to 'the old gang.'afterwards to have a little physical drill My son must have inherited these ideasbefore they went to breakfast and their from me, because curiously enough Istudies. Some of our universities at the thought just the same at his age." present time seem to be forcing beds of Churchill enjoyed parrying his criticssloppiness and slouching, both in body with displays of innocent modesty. Heand mind. Indeed the prevailing fashion first met severe criticism when,as aseems to be long hair, untidy clothes and young subaltern, he wrote for the news-subversive opinions." papers, not sparing the reputations of On his politics: "People often mock at his seniors. "Some of my critics," here- me for having changed parties and labels. called,"becameabusive,calledme They say with truth that I have been a 'medal-hunter' and 'self advertiser.'ItTory, Liberal, Coalitionist, Constitution- was with pain and indignation that Ialist, and finally Tory again. Butanyone observed for the first time these unami-who has read this brief account of my able aspects of human nature. Later,life with good will and fairness will see

Fall 1974 13 how natural and indeed inevitable everyward Creasy's Fi/teen Decisive Battles. step has been. My own feeling is that INothing came of either suggestion. have been more truly consistent than al- In March 1937 the agency sold its final most any other well known public man.Churchill to the Tribune Syndicate. It I have seen political parties change theirwas a digest of Tolstoi's War and Peace. positions on the greatest questions withIt came as a 34-page typed manuscript, bewildering rapidity, on Protection, onwith minor corrections in the familiar Irish Home Rule, and on many impor- Churchill hand. He was paid $1,000 for, tant secondary issues. But I have alwaysin the standard contract phrases, "All been a Tory democrat and Free Trader,American and Canadian serial and syn- as I was when I first stood for Oldham dicate rights ..- not to bepublished in more than thirty years ago." book, moving picture or dramatic form Churchill'sautobiography wasthe until thirty days after publication in the only piece of non-fiction ever serializedChicago Tribune and New York News." through the Tribune Syndicate. Curtis This item oi Churchilliana is another Brown did its best to interest the Syndi-that has escaped the attention of bibli- cate in Churchill as a regular contributorographers. It was published in the New in 1935, "a brief newspaper featureYork News September 12, 1937, but not article, say once a month, on currentin the Chicago Tribune. It was reprinted affairs. .. He likes the 1,200 word com-by the News on May 9, 1943, when the mentary;" and in 1937, a series of arti- author's name was familiar to every cles on modern battles in the style of Ed- American, more familiar, probably, than

JBut the ysar 1908 shines brightly for me for quite

another reason. In that year I not a young lady of dazzling

beauty who consented to be my wire.On her mother's side she as 154 t6j Airliu,iwhose country seat is so clOse to Dundee. Tier faUie

who was new dead, ColonelHozier,Wa&a prominent member of Lldyds and had written a valuable account of the Austro-Prussian war

of1866. We had a wonderful wedding at St. Margarete with

niwterou- crowds in the streets ,and everybody gave us presents without the slichtnst regard to politics.This was much the m at

fortunate and joyous event ihich happened to me ir the whole0 my life, for what can be more glorioue than to be united inor4's walk through liIe with a being incapable of an ignoblethoughtl

Churchill describes his marriage

14 Imprint:Oregon the author of the book he digested. Itwas same lines." The Tribune Syndicate did also a bargain, because the News, under not. terms of its purchaser, could reprint with. Churchill would write very little more out additional payment. that could have been offered to the Trib- The "Digest of War and Peace" is, ofune Syndicate. He was increasingly in- course, a potboiler, an easy thousandvolved in wider events of history. His dollars. But it has unmistakable style. Itwriting in the future dealt almost exclu- was not a difficult exercise, not a job tosively with political matters. The career spend much energy on. And yet, the talentof the hack writer ended in 1938. The of the artist is apparent. Habitual excel-career of the Prime Minister was about lence, just as habitual mediocrity, is hardto take precedence. to avoid. Biographersof WinstonChurchill Churchill the writer, the stylist,was rather ignore Churchill the journalist, as superior even in his potboilers. Considerthough to write for newspapers and mag- hisdescriptionofTolstoi'sheroine: azines and for money were an occupation "Their daughter, Natasha, is the jeweldemeaning to a Prime Minister. Perhaps of the hook, one of the most enchantingthe sheer bulk of this hack work, these creatures 'that Fable e're bath feigned.'potboilers, intimidates researchers. Or All the loveliest things in Englishloetryperhaps they cannot find a theme in such might have been written about her: she.an outpouring of rapidly created prose. is made of spirit, fire and dew: her bodyThe importance of writing in Churchill's talks: she dances like a wave: her singinglife prior to 1939 should be emphasized, might charm a soul from the ribs ofnot ignored. He made a living at it, or at death; and she has a decidedly tempestu- least comfortably augmented his income. ous petticoat." To make a living through writing is ex- From Churchill's own statements andceedingly difficult. No doubt Churchill the evidence of his secretary,we knowhad native talent. He also had a remark- that he used to dictate such sentencesable teacher of English at Harrow. But while pacing the floor, puffing a cigar.the discipline of having to write regular. This style of writing is not fashionablely, eclectically and competitively sharp- today when the ten-word declarative sen-ened the talent and polished the educa- tence is highly regarded. But it had, andtion. It produced the stylist most evident has, advantages both for the writer andin the histories and public papers. The reader. For the writer it has the advan-histories were the product of careful, tage of being difficult to imitate: one frequent,thorough revision,revision must be educated to write like that. Forthat was the despair of editors and a fi- the reader, such style affords the samenancial burden to Churchill and his pub- pleasureasawell-played and fully. lishers. The potboilers, on the other hand, resolved musical phrase. were casually revised, unpolished produc- Acceptance of the digest of War andtions. They are interesting and important Peace brought another offer from Curtisas examples of the Churchill style in its Brown. "Mr. Churchillsays thereisunrefined state. They are Sir Winston as another long and very fine novel JeanSir Hack, a writer at his worst, better Christophe by Romain Rolland withthan many others at their best. which he is familiar which he would be J. RICHARD HEINZKILL ready to do, if you want another on the MARTIN SCHMITT

Fall 1974 15 H. L. Davis in Tennessee Harold Lenoir Davis and Marion annexes overflowed. His visits to Marion Davis (his first wife) were living in Mex-were brief, by doctors orders, so he ico when Harper & Brothers awardedbought a gun and roamed the woods to Honey in The Horn its $7,500 prize foravoid weekend guests and worked on his the best first novel of 1935. The novel had next book, Beulah Land (with an early not been entered in the prize contest,Tennessee background) between-times. Marion later told me, because Hal's Gug- had emigrated to Oregon genheim Fellowship had evaporated and from Tennessee, he later told me, and he they were selling their furniture to meetenjoyed the chance to know Tennessee expenses and needed money toodes- better. perately to wait for the contest. It was He liked the Horn family, too. The already accepted and a publication dateelder widowed Mrs. Horn ran the dining set when the judges, finding nothing ofroom, her son Joe managed the hotel, literary merit in the contest entries, wentand Roberta, Joe's wife, acted as hostess. through Harper's list of already-bought He brought Marion back to the hotel to first novels and picked it for the prize. recuperate when she left the hospital and, Hal's poetry had already attracted thealthough Horn Springs officially closed critics, but this was the first time he hadafter Labor Day, the Horns liked the received money with fame, and as soonDavises and allowed them to stay on. as the first installment arrived he andThey gave Hal an upstairs room to write Marion took a train for Texas, bought a in, without charge, and cosseted Marion small car, and started for New York towith special food and favors. Roberta enjoy success. However, in Middle Ten.gave a large evening bridge party in nessee they stopped for a swim in thetheir honor when Marion said she'd like pool of the Horn Springs spa, a once- to know local people. famous old resort three miles from Leb. She invited the rich and powerful of anon and twenty from Nashville; and, be- Lebanon, by telephone, explaining to cause Marion liked to swim and poolseach invitee, at length, that Hal was a were not easy to find, they decided tosweet man who had sent all the way to stay overnight for another. Next morningLondon for a first American edition of she woke delirious with a tropical feverHoney in The Horn to give her, because diagnosedatVanderbilt Hospitalin there were none left in America (it was Nashville as a form of para-typhoid re-in its fifth edition here) and that Marion quiring weeks of hospitalization; so Halespecially wanted friends; and they ar- stayed on at Horn Springs and drove torived in a mood to call them cousin. She the hospital every day, and New Yorkdidn't tell them Hal had told her he waited a year. refused to be bored, because she thought His room was in the big victorian mainhe was joking. Early in the evening how- building surrounded by wide porches, aever, he had laid down his hand and dining room locally famous for goodwalked silently out, never to return and food and seventeen acres of untouchedtake it or any other hand again, and the woodland. Its chief charm for Hal wascongealedelitedisposedof Marion's that during the week it was empty, filling hopes of friendship with icy farewells. up only on weekends when the two newer I didn't know any of this until later,

16 Fm print :Oregon however. My husband was then Comman-brute. He had ruined her life, she said, dant of Castle Heights Military Academy, because he didn't want children and she a preparatory school in Lebanon. We loved children and wrote books for chil. lived in an apartment on thecampus dren. He had ruined her friendships. Had with three small children and manyI heard how he'd acted at the party? school duties and town gossip was slowDid I know where he was this very mm- to reach us. I had read Honey In The ute? In the woods! He had taken his gun Horn and admired the author for buck-and gone to the woods when she told him ing the Hemingway-Faulkner trend andI was coming because he just wouldn't sticking to classical contour, butnever stay and risk being bored.. dreamed he was in the neighborhood I had been desperately trying to think until I met Roberta on square in of a socially acceptable reason for leaving early September and she toldme theso soon after my arrival, but at this I story. Then she asked me to call onquit seeking the socially acceptable and Marion, who still wanted to meet localgot out of my chair. If the man shot people in spite of the party fiasco, and I bores at sight and my reputation was this agreed. I secretly wanted to bea writer bad it seemed the thing to do. Even if he myself, and hoped for a chance to talkspared me because of my innocence no with Hal, and I drove to Horn Springson local jury would convict him for shooting the chosen afternoon. a wife who talked about him like this, nor Roberta and Marion were waiting forme forlistening.Marion,however, me in rocking chairs, on the downstairsbalked departure by rising and standing porch, and for a moment I had a clear,right in front of me, growing even more pleasant first impression of Marion. Shedramatic; her eyes now strangely very wasn't pretty-pretty, Southern style,nor bright. 'I need a friend!" she cried, al- chic Western, but her chestnut hairwas most pushing me backward. "I'm going lovely and she had a very good figure and stir crazy! Of course he'll leave me now my heart was just warming to her whenI've gone through all the hard times for the picture went completely out of focus. him. They always do!" Roberta had just introduced us andvan- We were standing in front of a door ished and I had sat in her chair when,shaded by a trellis of climbing sweet without preliminary warning or buildup, peas and I was peering through it for a Marion launched a tirade against Hal. man with a gun, intending to run for my I was too stunned to move. It was thelife if one came out of the wood, when first time I had heard Hal called Halthe door suddenly opened and a thin, (and I could never afterward call himfrail.looking man came out, hesitated, anything else) and she delivered it ina stepped back then paused as if undecided sort of Cassandra monotone with her eyes whether to advance or flee. He had eyes appearing to see beyond my shoulderthe color of rain and the poise of a wild Things Even Worse than those she toldcreature on the edge of a thicket scan- (althoughoccasionallyshedarteda ning the landscape for danger.Ias- watchman's look at me to see if Iwas sumed he was a summer leftover and listening). Yet, perplexingly, shecon- rightly embarrassed, and tried to give tinued throughout to pronounce hisname him a reassuring look as I seized the with love. He was a selfish monster, she opportunity to tell Marion goodb' e. But said. Unloving. Unkind. Antisocial. Ashe changed again. Very perkily, with Fall 1974 '7 sparkling eyes and a happy voice, shestant like or dislike, fearful at not being began, "Hal, I want you to meet.. able to reverse my dreadful report on the I had once spent a month in that Davises before he saw them; but luckily hotel. I knew there was no other door;he liked them instantly and the four of that he had been there all afternoon andus went to the drugstore and had a heard all. The knowledge carried my pleasant time. Marion and Hal were both heart right on down to my feet, and theytrying to build up weight and had become took charge. True he had no gun, andaddicts of the milkshakes at Shannon's he actually mumbled something about drugstore, and often stopped to take us glad to meet me, but it seemed not thealong after that, but I was permanently right time to pause and reflect on this.marked by that first afternoon at Horn I'm not sure I said a word, although,Springs. I never got over the fear Hal driving furiously home, I realized I waswould walk out on us at any moment. I swearing aloud, "I never want to seewas never really at ease with him. Later them again!" And I was sure I never I was able to write him with complete would. ease, but that,I think, was because he They dropped in three afternoons later. was already out and all he had to do to Marion had the triumphant air of Cleo-end boredom was just not answer. I am patra leading Octavian behind her char-still surprised that he answered so often. iot,and gleefullyexplained,without After that we asked them to our apart- apology, that she begged Hal to give her ment to meet a few trusted friends. The another chance to make a local friend,Davises liked them and invited them to before I came, and he had agreed on Horn Springs, with us. They also asked condition he could stay in the room andmy advice about places to see in Ten- watch and listen and, if I passed, comenessee and, to my surprise, took it. They out to be introduced. She couldn't resistseemed happy and at peace with one the chance to pay him back for the partyanother at all times. Hal was working when she realized she had him trapped, well, Marion said, and her doctors were she said. When he came out and she sawpleased with her recuperation. She did she had won the game she was about tothe talking for both when we were with tell me and let us all laugh together, butthem, interpreting for Hal asif we I took off. "You really flew," she said,couldn't understand his language. When laughing. really amused, he doubled up, knees to Hal had eyed me sideways, in silence, chin, and shook soundlessly, but when during this merry explanation and asonly mildly amused he gave a snort of soon as my time to talk came I began surprising audibility which occasionally eyeing him sidewise for signs of immi- causedtheunwary tojump. "He's nent departure. I tried to be as debonairamused," she'd say placidly. Sometimes (debonair was the word, pre-cool) as I she interpreted his silences. "He's in- could, but Ididn't have to try long. terested," she'd say, or "He likes that." Marion interrupted, "We'd like to meet Since my sole occupation was to keep him your husband." Apparently she was sureinterested I formed the habit of eying everything was all right. "We want toher for guidance while talking with him take you to the drugstore for a milk-until I finally got the baffled feeling that shake." I knew him well and didn't know him at I sent for my husband, a man of in-all. And I never did get to talk writing.

18 Imprint :Oregon tonight," she said. But soon she forgavetime to go home and went to the hotel us because Nashville was just reopening for my purse. liquor stores and she had lucked into By now we could hear the party clus- some very good scotch. Joe Horn hadtered by the parked cars. We joined it-- supervised setting up a long buffet table and I was immediately the center of one in the deli below the buildings, andof those brawls only children who play stringing lights overhead, and now hetogether constantly can instantly turn on appeared with a tray of tall drinks so or off. deceptively mild to our local corn-trained My chums, having received, by whis- palates we drank them like punch. When pers, my hint it was time to go, had made Hal appeared, in a dark suit and looking graceful retreat to the cars, hospitably calm but very happy, we were alreadyaccompanied by Hal and Marion, and merry. We presented our gift, and were said their ritual farewells with more than happy to see it pleased him although hethe usual flourishes, then discovered they hastily handed the poem to someone elsecouldn't leave because I was missing. It when my loyal fans cried, "Read it!" ruined their scene and the moment I ap- It was one of those nights that almost peared theyretaliated with excessive never happen in Tennessee in early May acrimony. Charges were hurled,fists bright with a full moon, balmy, yet clenched, and voices raised in fury, mine alivewithlittlebreezessmellingof among them because I counter-attacked freshly planted earth and blooming flow-with all I had. Then suddenly it occurred ers. We filled our plates and sat on theto me this was a dreadful way to end a thick grass until they were empty; thenPulitzer Prize winner's party, andI the party went into motion. looked contritely for my hosts. Marion We moved to the shallow wooden was standing some distance away looking steps below the platform where the Ten- pale and shaken, but Hal was circling us nessee Central stopped for Horn Springslike a referee, his eyes gleaming as he guests, and Hal strummed his guitar andpeered alertly into the mass, apparently sang cowboy and folk songs in Englishpoised to break it up if a foul blow de- and Spanish. We tried to sing with himveloped. And all at once all eight of us but we were not familiar with cowboyfell limply apart, mumbled goodnights, songs, so soon began calling for popularand left hastily. dance tunes, which led to dancing on the Marion showed up earlythe next green. Somehow this ended in footraces morning, sent by Hal, she said, to check down the platform, bare in the moon-for casualties. She seemed surprised to light, which in turn became a footballfind none, but breezed aside my attempt game sans football which the ladies to apologize for us with, "Hal thought it dropped out of after the first charge;was great!" So I went back to Horn then we swirled ton old rock fence in Springs. the shadows for more singing. Occa- This time it was a farewell visit, and, sionally a guest faded out for a rest butbecause Marion loved children so, she Hal and Marion stayed in the center ofinsisted I bring my children and spend actionatalltimes and graduallyit the day. Alice, the oldest, had other plans occurred to me that I needed to pause,butItook Johnny, not yet two, and and so probably did they, and I mut-Danny, almost six.I thought they be- tered to my loved one it was getting on haved well at lunch, with less than the

20 Imprint :Oregon usual spatter and splash, and assumed thehe wanted to reconstruct. When he had glances Marion gave themwere admir-first attracted the critics through publi- ing. After lunch she suggesteda walk incation in Harriet Monroe's Poetry Mag- the woods, carefully steeringus in theazine, she said, H. L. Mencken had in. opposite direction from the one Hal took,vited him to visit Baltimore, and,on a and we were amiably strolling and talk-business trip to New York he accepted ing while the boysran on ahead whenfor a one.night stopover. In themean- there came a dreadful howl from Johnny. time Joseph Hergesheimer dropped inon He had tripped and pitched face downMencken, it turned suddenly and unsea- into a bed of pricklypears. When Isonably cold, and the two of them met picked him up his face andarms wereHal at the station, at dusk, wrapped in covered with tiny stinging spines and hehuge camel's hair overcoats. Finding he continuedto howl. We ran back tohadn't brought an overcoat their idea of Marion's room and I laid himon herprotecting him from the weather was to bed and said, "Bringme your eyebrowput him between them and walk as close tweezers." as they could during a pub-crawl that She stood still and gaped. began at once and lasted until they put "Bring me your tweezers, quick!" Ihim on the early morning train. There said. were times, she said, when his feet didn't She ran out of theroom and Hal ap- touch the pavement and, as it snowed fit- peared with the tweezers. He laida calm- fully, he also couldn't see where theywere ing hand on Johnny's stomach (hein- going. But he remembered the names and stantly stopped howlingand expertlyinsides of the pubs, he told her, or tweezered out the little spines ina verythought he did, and he wanted to see if he few minutes. "He'll be all right now,"he could retrace their outdoorcourse by said, and went out. Presently Marion identifying the indoors. tottered back, very pale, and, looking fix. Later I had a card from Marion from edly over my shoulder at ThingsEven Baltimore, but never heard how thiscame Worse. spoke in the Cassandramono- out. tone. She wrote again from California,re- "Hal saidthey're perfectly normalpeating the invitation tovisit, butI children! He even said they're better couldn't go. Again she wrote to say she'd mannered than he and his brothers were! written a children's book, Wooden Sad- But I do see, now, why he doesn'twantdles, I think it was: and to be sure to have children. We'd neverget any workmy children read it. But the Nashville done!" booksellers were unable to trace it with- I was sure, going home, they'dnever out the publishers name, and, unwilling see the children again. to admit our inadequacies, I let the corre- Time now flew. An itinerarywas made, spondence lapse until, in 1945, my first a departure date set. There were to benonovel was accepted for publication. Then goodbyes because, Marion insisted,I I wrote to ask for any advice she had to would visit them in Californiaas soon offer. as they arrived and found a house. They It was then I learned of the divorce. were going to New York first, and stopHal answered that he had received the overnight in Baltimore on theway, be- letter but lost her address and would cause Hal had had an experience thereforward it later. Meanwhile, he said, he Fall 1974 21 would help me if he could. I never didto be searched. And no new ones are be. hear from her, but until 1955 he kept hising provided for the future preservation promise through my many blunders,of historically valuable materials. Per- complaints and (often because of not tak-haps one of the last Oregon attic treasures ing his advice) disasters. I knew he was of major intrinsic significance was pur- ill, once, but he did not tell me when the chased some months ago by the Univer- illness later returned. Simply, after hesity of Oregon Library with funds given moved to Mexico, a letter from me wasfor this specific purpose by Mrs. Patricia not answered and I supposed he had atHult, a member, appropriately enough, lastgot bored.Ididn't blame him.of the staff of the Library's Acquisition Grateful for the years of patient kindness, Department. I didn't write him again. So it was finally In bulk, the collection is small. It in- true that I would never see him again,cludes a complete file of Volume I of the either. Oregon Spectator (1846-47), the first BOWEN INGRAM newspaper published west of the Mis- souri River, the four published issues of the Vox Populi (1851-52), a copy of the OREGON INCUNABULA 1848 Oregon Almanac, and a few mem- Historians of architecture regret theorabilia of John Fleming, the Spectator's decay and wrecking of pioneer Oregonfirst printer. mansions, as the grandchildren and great- Surviving files of the Spectator are grandchildren desert their family homes usually fragmentary, and the best files for the modern efficiency of functionallyhave suffered serious wear and mutila- designed houses. This trend should alsotion from excessive use in the years be- be a matter of concern for students offore photostats and microfilm. The file the social, political and economic history now in the University Library, in con- of the regionfor a very special reason. temporary binding, is in mint condition; Functionally designed houses have noits condition suggests that it may have attics, in which earlier generations stored remained untouched in a family trunk family heirlooms, including letters, dia-since the mid-nineteenth century. The ries, pamphlets, old newspapers and otherbinding, in cloth-covered boards with materials of importance for historical chamois back and corners, without stamp- research. ing was perhaps done by Carlos Shane, For the historian of today's past, thewho bound an edition of Webster's Spell- trend may be of positive value, if the mi-ing Book for the Oregon Printing Asso- grating family has a sense of history,ciation in January 1847. The volume in- since these materials may find their waycludes 26 numbers published between into public collections, where they areFebruary 5, 1846 and January 21, 1847. permanently secure and available forIt was John Fleming's personal file of study. Regrettably, however, many valu- the newspaper; his signature appears on able collections have been destroyed orthe inside of the back cover. dispersed in the hasty cleaning out of The Vox Populi is a small four-page attics before the wreckers move in or the sheet published during the 1851-52 ses- abandoned mansions begin their decay sion of the territorial Legislative Assem- into rooming houses. bly by an anonymous "Association of The processis nearing completion.Gentlemen," who were moving with all Few undisturbed Oregon attics remaindeliberate speed toward the formal or-

22 Imprint :Oregon ganization of the Democratic Partyof (1836)and the Lexington [Kentucky] Oregon Territory. The Vox isa primar Typographical Society(1839),and the source for the history of the head.on col- October 9, 1844 first issue of Rat'sBane, lision of Governor John P. Gainesandpublished by the St. Louis printers'Union the other imported Whig officialswith for the exposure of "ratting"printers. the emerging Democratic Party. TheLi- These documents add somethingto the brary file, also in mint condition,is onemeagerinformation we have concerning of two complete files knownto exist. theSpecta/or's first printer. In particular, The 1848Oregon Almanac, printed inthe factthat he brought with him the Spectator an Officein Oregon City in theOctober1844 issue of Rat's Bane is evi- fall of 1847. is the first almanacpub.dence that he was an1845,not an 1844, lished on the Pacific Coast anda rareemigrant. Published references to flem- piece of Pacific Northwest Americana.ing leave this question unsettled. Like the Spectator and Vox Populifiles, This remarkable assemblage of early the Library copy is in mintcondition. Oregon printed items and association The John Fleming memorabilia,in- pieces is a gift of Mrs. Hult inmemory serted loosely in his Spectalorfile, in-of her father, Ernest R. Short. clude certificates of his membershipin the St. Louis Typographical Association GEORGE BELKNAP

TIMES AX.D PLACES OFhOLDING COURTS. SarMc CUUST. lION.9. Qrcx TrtonNroN, Judge. Oregoa City.F4rst Monilay3 in June and September. CIIICt'IT Cousr. Hoy. At.oszo A. SKINSER, Jud,'e. P0k Co.Fir8t Monday in Marc/z andSeptember. Champoig Co.Srod Manda!,i ii, Marchmn,(! September. Ya:nhdl CoThird M.ndai in M,:rrhiam:d &'j,t In/er. Tualatin Co.Fnnrti J!emulain Marc/i and September. Clachamas CoFire .1lnday /ii Apriland Octobr. Vancouver CoSecond Mondab' in Apriland October. ('latsop Co. 'i'iunI MondH' in Apri/ andOctober. Lew/ Co.Fi,at Mondayin May and November. Pubhc debt, October tat, I47,3,21,3I. J'optition, October tat, about OOO. 'otes for Gorrnor on the letMaday in Jime I-t7, 104. Enimirai,un now beiniiuto arrive, about 30(10. l-::iiited :irinuzij rnlue ofimportsnd exportsbont liI'.uaated aiuoun of wheat raiaed/n the 'J'eni(ory for tho last two years about lO,tiOO bushels perytar. OFFICERS OP TILE lXITEDSTATES IN OREGON. Agent ct the Port OfficeDepartment ,Gen. ('orneliusGilliam. Post Jtlnter for OregonCIty David ILII Esq, Post ilastr for Astoria . M. Shivelv Esq. hid/un A eat Ciuirh' E. I'ickott.

Page 4 of 1848 "Oregon Almanac"

Fall 1974 23 Mr ami Mrs WIIUaTTLMcGraw 1970ndtan Trail Lake Oswego, Oregon97034

in the Conservative government, I deided formallyto rejoin the Conservative party, and some months laterI allowed myself to be re-elected to the Canton Club fr which I had removed my nane almost exactly twenty years vefore. People often mock at me for having changed parties

and labels. They say with truth I have been Tory, Liberal, Coalitionist,, and finally Tory again. But anyone who has read this

brief accothit of my life with b.andoar and fairnesswill see how

natural and Indeed inevitable every step has been. My own feeling

Is that I have been more truly consistent thanalmost any other

well known public man. I have seen political parties change theIr positions on the greatest questions with bewilderingrapidity, on

Protection, on Irish Home Rule, and on many importantsecondary

issues. But I have always been a Tory democrat and Free Trader, as I was when I first stood for Oldham more than thirty years ago.

I have accepted the decision of the nation and theirresistble

march of events which have made us Protectionist country.

But I am sure it would be for the interests of our island,and of its greaten._pers that these senseless barriers to trade between

one nation and another which pre dviding theworld Into hostile

feudal castles vitalled for a sEi,,ige, and are so cruelly injuriousto

shipand sea.-borncoinrnerce, should fall to the ground. And

though it wIll never come in my time, I still hope that agentler

more generous, more life-giving breeze willblow upon this wearyear

and that all the men in all the lands will become moreserviceable to one another.

Churchill on Churchill's politics