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A Blueprint for Planning and Designing Staged-Authentic Heritage Attractions in Small Island Nations

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A Blueprint for Planning and Designing Staged-Authentic Heritage Attractions in Small Island Nations University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2010 A Blueprint For Planning And Designing Staged-authentic Heritage Attractions In Small Island Nations Earney F. Lasten University of Central Florida Part of the Education Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Lasten, Earney F., "A Blueprint For Planning And Designing Staged-authentic Heritage Attractions In Small Island Nations" (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 1627. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/1627 A BLUEPRINT FOR PLANNING AND DESIGNING STAGED-AUTHENTIC HERITAGE ATTRACTIONS IN SMALL ISLAND NATIONS by EARNEY F. LASTEN B.A. National American University, 1994 M.A. University of St. Thomas, 2004 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Education at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2010 Major Professor: Abraham Pizam © Earney F. Lasten ii This dissertation is dedicated to my family: Spouse, Isabel Cristina Gaitan Colmenares, Daughter, Yvonne Mercedes Lasten, Son, Gabriel Alejandro Lasten, and my beloved mother in heaven--Yvonne Theresita Yarzagaray. I am forever grateful to my very first teacher and now heavenly guardian angel and Saint--Mammy. iii ABSTRACT The purpose of this largely qualitative study was to develop a blueprint for planning and designing a staged-authentic heritage tourist attraction for small island nations. Data were gathered and analyzed in three phases. In Phase I, existing and potential supply, demand, and external variables associated with staged-authentic heritage attractions were identified, and a preliminary planning model and conceptual framework was developed. In Phase II, the model was refined. A blueprint containing seven major questions and 26 sequential steps was developed. In Phase III, the blueprint was tested using focus groups and an online tourist survey in the Caribbean region (Aruba) in order to determine the extent to which it could be useful to those responsible for the development of staged-authentic heritage tourist attractions. It was concluded that (a) the devised blueprint is appropriate and effective for planning and designing a staged-authentic heritage attraction for small island nations, (b) the seven questions and 26 steps developed to support the methodological flowchart ensure attention to essential activities and events in the planning and designing of a staged-authentic heritage attraction, and (c) continuous collaboration among all stakeholders is required in planning and designing staged-authentic heritage attractions so as to ensure commitment of those who would be contributors, supporters, and developers of the project. Implications for the use of the blueprint and for staged-authentic heritage attractions were offered. Also presented were recommendations for future research. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation, which I call a castle (hypothetically speaking) has been one of the most historic academic challenges I have ever encountered. Without the support, patience, and guidance of the following inspirational people, this study would not have been completed. It is to them that I owe my deepest gratitude. What you cannot see on paper or in person today, among other things, is an exceptional work ethic, dedication to a job well done, and a firm belief in honesty, integrity, respect, and love. All of these are critical to my first teacher whose advice has guided me in becoming a better teacher for the world--and to win the ―castle.‖ This person provided the foundation (of the castle) for my writing of the dissertation. My mom, Yvonne Teresita Yarzagaray R.I.P. With this solid foundation, I had the best of the best--Professor Abraham Pizam as my mentor, chair, and advisor to inspire and guide me through the process of the dissertation. Brick by brick, wall by wall, Dr. Pizam helped me build a ―one of a kind‖ dissertation. Every discussion brought additional opportunities to expand my views and knowledge and to open and enter the gates of the castle with the dissertation. My committee members helped me open other doors for further discussion. I thank all for opening wide the castle‘s window of opportunity for more wisdom, knowledge, and commitment to the highest standards of life. To these gladiators/committee members, Drs. Croes, Milman, Reichel, and Sivo, warm thanks. v I was not alone in my craving for the castle. We cannot forget the people who helped build it. Isabel Cristina Lasten (Gaitan Colmenares), my genie or wife, who gave me love, support, and constant patience and has taught me so much about sacrifice, discipline, and compromise. There were times when she asked, ―When is the castle ours? as she thought of the prince, our son Gabriel Lasten, and the princess, our daughter Yvonne Lasten. Father in Law-German Gatian and Mother in Law Anna Mercedes de Gaitan also protected and assisted us to foster the family. There are also many courtiers in the castle family. My father, Alvin H. F. Lasten, and my brothers and sisters are proud people and my love goes to all of you. Danilo Angela and Iliana Croes, fellow students and friends of the University of Aruba, accompanied me through the process of the dissertation on occasion as did the ingenuity of Juan Pablo Navarro. Every castle costs money. Special thanks to Dr. Peterson, Dean, and Dr. Lydia Emerencia, Rector, at the University of Aruba for helping me secure funding for my doctoral work. The map leading to the castle was drawn with the editorial assistance of Dr. Mary Ann Lynn. All along the path, she has been accurate and reassuring and has given me confidence I will succeed and become a foundation for others. She has been the best editor for me to win my personal throne--the PhD. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS CLARIFYING COMPONENTS .................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................... 2 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................ 6 Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................... 7 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................... 12 Research Question ................................................................................................ 14 Design of the Study ............................................................................................... 14 Assumptions .......................................................................................................... 15 Organization of the Study ..................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ........................................................... 17 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 17 Heritage Tourism Experiences .............................................................................. 17 Heritage Tourist Experience: Visitor Attractions ..................................... 20 Heritage Tourist Experience: World Heritage Attractions ....................... 23 Heritage Tourist Experience: Pilgrimage/Religion-based Attractions ..... 24 Heritage Tourist Experience: Industrial Attractions ................................. 26 Heritage Tourist Experience: Literary Places ........................................... 27 Heritage Tourist Experience: Living Culture ........................................... 29 Heritage Tourist Experience: Festivals and Events .................................. 29 Heritage Tourist Experience: Human Atrocity and Death or Dark Tourism Attractions ................................................................................................. 30 Managing Heritage and Cultural Tourism Resources ............................... 32 Concepts of Authenticity, Staged Authenticity, and Artificiality ......................... 37 Authenticity and Commoditization/Commodification ......................................... 50 Tourism Planning and Development .................................................................... 53 Tourism Planning ...................................................................................... 54 Design of Attractions ................................................................................ 63 Tourism Development .............................................................................. 67 Summary ............................................................................................................... 71 vii CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................
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