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Christian Devotion Encouraged Through Representations of the Adult Life of Christ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Piety as a Call to Action: Christian Devotion Encouraged through Representations of the Adult Life of Christ A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History By Caitlin Alexandra Koford Committee in Charge: Professor Sharon Farmer, Chair Professor Carol Lansing Professor Elizabeth DePalma Digeser Professor Cynthia J. Brown December 2019 The dissertation of Caitlin Koford is approved. ________________________________________ Cynthia J. Brown ________________________________________ Elizabeth DePalma Digeser ________________________________________ Carol Lansing ________________________________________ Sharon Farmer, Committee Chair September 2019 Piety as a Call to Action: Christian Devotion Encouraged through Representations of the Adult Life of Christ Copyright Ó 2019 By Caitlin Koford iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I want to extend a sincere thank you to my advisor, Sharon Farmer. Thank you for introducing me to manuscript BnF français 187 six years ago, thank you for always providing sound advice and thank you for your continued support of this project. I am also grateful to the other members of my committee, Carol Lansing, Beth DePalma Digeser and Cynthia Brown, for their guidance over the years. I would like to thank the UCSB History Associates for awarding me two different fellowships, which allowed me to travel to the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the Bodleian library at Oxford to investigate many of the manuscripts analyzed in this dissertation. Thank you to the graduate division at UCSB for awarding me the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Grant, which allowed me to do the same. I am grateful to both the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the Bodleian library at Oxford for allowing me access to many manuscripts and early printed texts. In particular, thank you to the staff at the Richelieu Library manuscript reading room, the Mitterand library reading room and the reading room at the Bodleian Library, for helping me access those specific sources. I want to extend a warm thank you to Sarah McNamer for taking the time to consult on my chapter concerning the Meditationes Vitae Christi. I am also very grateful to all of the friends and family who have supported me over these years. In particular, thank you to Lisa for Latin translation parties, writing days and most especially for friendship. It is hard to understand the process unless you are in it. To my Grandma, for encouraging my life-long love of history. To my brother Alex, because he is my brother and because he inspires me to follow dreams. To Dad and Terrie, for their genuine interest and desire to talk. And to my Mom, who is always there for me. Thank you for watching Jude so much during my final push to finish. Thank you to my husband, Garth. Thank you for moving, for years of commuting, for reading countless drafts of papers and chapters. Thank you for believing in me and sticking by me on this very unique journey. To Jude. You were born one year ago. You are not a good writing partner but you are my ultimate inspiration. I love you so much. Finally, I want to dedicate this dissertation to Colette. I miss you every day and I wish you were here to see the completion of this project (It’s not medicine, Colette, but I’m a doctor)! iv VITA OF CAITLIN KOFORD EDUCATION University of California, Santa Barbara September 2019 PhD, Medieval History Advisor: Sharon Farmer Dissertation: "Piety as a Call to Action: Christian Devotion Encouraged through Representations of the Adult Life of Christ" The University of Chicago June 2010 MAPSS, Master of Arts Program in the Social Sciences Master of Arts, Social Sciences Advisor: Rachel Fulton Thesis: “Love and the Catechumen: An Analysis of Augustine’s De Catechizandis Rudibus Liber Unus” The University of Southern California May 2009 USC College of Letters, Arts and Sciences Bachelor of Arts, European History Advisor: Lisa Bitel Senior Honors Thesis Completed PUBLICATIONS & SCHOLARLY PRESENTATIONS "One Student's Perspective." PastForward. (Autumn, 2010): 32. "Devotion: A Call to Action Rather Than Passive Reflection," Paper presented at Princeton University, April 2016 "Devotion: A Call to Action Rather Than Passive Reflection," Paper presented at UCSB, May 2016 “Hybrid Devotion: Uniting the Affective and the Didactic in an Orderly Way,” Paper presented at the 2018 Sewanee Medieval Colloquium, April 2018 “Illuminating Words: The Sermons of Maurice de Sully Received,” Paper presented at the 53rd International Congress on Medieval Studies, May 2018 My dissertation research is referenced in an article written by Georgetown professor Sarah McNamer: “The Debate on the Origins of the Meditationes vitae Christi: Recent Arguments and Prospects for Future Research,” Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 111:1-2 (June 2018): 65-112. v AWARDS 2018 -19 Esme Frost Fellowship 2017- 18 Albert and Elaine Borchard European Studies Fellowship UCLA Ahmanson Research Fellowship, Fall 2017 Regent’s Dissertation Fellowship, Spring 2017, Spring 2018 & Fall 2018 Humanities and Social Sciences Research Grant, 2016 2015- 16 UCSB History Associates Fellow 2014- 15 UCSB History Associates Fellow 2009 USC Discovery Scholar 2009 USC History Honors Program (Nominated: UCSB Senate teaching award for Outstanding Teaching Assistant, 2017 & 2018; History department J. Bruce Anderson Memorial Fellowship for outstanding teaching assistant, 2016) EXPERIENCE UC Santa Barbara Teaching Assistant, History & English Departments September 2013- March 2018 History 2A, 4B, 2C, 5, English 10 • Teach weekly sections • Grade all course material and maintain all student records • Proctor midterm and final exams • Hold weekly office hours USC Gould School of Law June 2010- July 2013 Faculty Support, Susan Estrich • Book television appearances and all other media including radio and speaking engagements • Draft and coordinate course materials, student recommendations and promotional quotes • Research for columns, potential book ideas • Supervise student workers vi The Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience The University of Chicago November 2009- June 2010 Website Administrative Assistant • Maintain the organization’s two premier websites, Defining Wisdom and Science of Virtues • Edit symposium • Transcribe interviews for posting • Research current journal publications and articles for appealing and relevant content USC Shoah Foundation Institute May 2008- August 2009 Visual Archives Intern • Compile video clips from Holocaust survivor testimonies in English and Spanish • Create Google advertisements to raise awareness for the organization and its efforts • Create biographies for Holocaust survivors • Research educational websites for the promotion of the Institute PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES UCSB Medieval Conference Planning Committee September 2015- May 2016 I AM, USC Mentor Program September 2011- 2013 USC Joint Educational Project – Tutor January 2007- May 2007 SOCIETIES Medieval Academy of America, Society of Medieval Feminist Scholarship LANGUAGES Advanced Spanish, reading knowledge of Latin, intermediate Middle French, intermediate French vii ABSTRACT Piety as a Call to Action: Christian Devotion Encouraged through Representations of the Adult Life of Christ By Caitlin Koford This study examines a set of model sermons written by Maurice de Sully c. 1160CE. The sermons were extremely popular throughout the later middle ages as evidenced by their existence in eighty-four manuscripts from the thirteenth through fifteenth centuries, and nineteen printed editions from the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The sermons are evidence of an unexplored trend in Christian piety focused on the adult life of Christ including his parables, miracles, and ministry that stands in contrast to the more well-known affective piety of the later Middle Ages, which tends to focus on the early life and Passion of Christ. Maurice de Sully did not promote passive reflection on the Passion but rather encouraged ordinary believers to reform their behavior, and actively lead good, Christian lives by participating in confession, receiving penance and by spreading the Christian Word. He did so using stories from the adult life of Christ, taken from the New Testament. The image cycles associated with the sermons of Sully also represent this trend in devotion. Chapter one concerns the twelfth century world of Maurice de Sully in Paris, and the model sermon collection that he wrote there. While the sermons of Maurice de Sully are less studied than those of his more academically inclined contemporaries, such as Peter Comestor, Peter the Chanter and Peter Lombard, I reveal the ways in which his sermons actually relay pertinent theological information, especially concerning the Gospels, to lay viii audiences. Chapter two addresses the actual reception of the sermons and their intended message by investigating them in their manuscript context. The focus is on vernacular manuscripts and their use by lay audiences. Chapter three turns to an in-depth look at one fourteenth-century manuscript in particular, BnF français 187, in which the form of piety expressed in Maurice de Sully’s sermons is particularly evident. In this manuscript the sermons of Sully are highlighted by a beautiful narrative image cycle focused on the adult life of Christ, which I analyze. Chapter four steps away from Maurice de Sully and his model sermon collection. In this chapter I examine the long and
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