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Response of Outer Radiation Belt Electrons to a Magnetic Storm University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Winter 1997 Response of outer radiation belt electrons to a magnetic storm Donald Hugh Brautigam University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Brautigam, Donald Hugh, "Response of outer radiation belt electrons to a magnetic storm" (1997). Doctoral Dissertations. 1988. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1988 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by I sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. 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RESPONSE OF OUTER RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS TO A MAGNETIC STORM BY DONALD HUGH BRAUTIGAM B.S., University of New Hampshire, 1977 M.S., University of New Hampshire, 1980 DISSERTATION i i « f I Submitted to the University of New Hampshire f in Partial Fulfillment of | the Requirements for the Degree of [ \ ;i ! » > Doctor of Philosophy f in ; Physics December, 1997 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9819671 is [ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I UMI Microform 9819671 f Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This dissertation has been examined and approved. Dissertation Director, Lynn M. Kistler Associate Research Professor of Physics and the Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space ■=?*- Terry G. Fq^bes Research Professor of Physics and the Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space / I Gregory P. Gin/et LA Air Force Research Laboratory /ft- OHfor' ^ M. Susan Gussenhown £ Air Force Research Laboratory I4'- Harvey H^ghepard Professor of Physics n /at />7 Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. dedicate this thesis to my parents, Rena and Mike my wife, Beth and my daughters, Misa, Shana, and Noami iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my supervisor at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Gary Mullen, and Sue Gussenhoven, both of whom were impressed enough with my initial work for them to encourage me to return to school to obtain my doctoral degree. This thesis was made possible through the Air Force's Long Term-Full Time Training program which generously funded my years at UNH. I thank Gary for his patience over the years while I struggled to find an appropriate research topic. I trust that my extended sabbatical from normal duties will pay off; now my 'real' work begins. I am also grateful to my advisor, Dr. Lynn Kistler, who helped me focus on and ; jump start the writing process - long before I knew what the final punch line of this thesis i f would be. I would also like to thank my other committee members, Drs. Terry Forbes f i j; and Harvey Shepard from UNH, and Drs. Greg Ginet and Sue Gussenhoven from f \ AFRL, for reading through my thesis and providing helpful comments and corrections. | The numerous 'theory meetings' held at AFRL with Drs. Jay Albert and Bob i |?■ Hilmer from Boston College, and Drs. Greg Ginet and Sue Gussenhoven helped me | move along the radiation belt diffusion theory learning curve. I am particularly indebted r' ; to Jay and Bob for providing me with computer code. I also would like to thank Dan r Madden of Boston College for helping me out greatly with CRRES data processing. j Finally, thanks to Carolyn Jordan, an ex-AFRL colleague and friend, now a UNH graduate student, who shared many a physics class with me and helped me to re-enter the classroom scene; and to the lunchtime ‘Ultimate’ players who helped me celebrate!! iv V Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION..........................................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................viii LIST OF FIGURES................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................................xi CHAPTER PAGE $ 1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................1 i 2. DISCOVERY OF THE VAN ALLEN RADIATION BELTS................................ 7 3. THE SOLAR - MAGNETOSPHERE SYSTEM..................................................... 16 4. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND...........................................................................22 4.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 22 4.1 Test Particle Motion .......................................................................................22 L 4.2 Guiding Center Approximation ..................................................................... 25 f 4.3 Equatorial Drifts ............................................................................................. 28 j 4.4 Adiabatic Invariants ........................................................................................29 I 4.5 The'L'Parameter.............................................................................................31 5 4.6 Kinetic Theory .................................................................................................33 t j 5. GENERIC MAGNETIC STORM PHENOMENOLOGY..................................... 36 6. OVERVIEW OF ELECTRON RADIATION BELT RESEARCH.......................38 6.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 38 6.1 False Starts...................................................................................................... 38 6.2 Early Observations of Magnetic Storm Effects ............................................39 6.3 Adiabatic Variations .......................................................................................41 6.4 Non-Adiabatic Processes / Diffusive ............................................................ 43 V Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 6.5 Non-Adiabatic Processes / Impulsive .......................................................... 44 6.6 High Speed Solar Wind Streams .................................................................. 45 7. RADIATION BELT DIFFUSION........................................................................... 48 7.0 Introduction .....................................................................................................48 7.1 Radial Diffusion ..............................................................................................49 7.2 Pitch Angle Diffusion..................................................................................... 59 7.3 Multi-Modal Diffusion ...................................................................................66
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