DOCSLIB.ORG

Policy Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Policy Report EIA Policy and Process in Georgian Hydropower Development May, 2014 Report #1: EIA Policy and Process in SUSTAINABLE HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT Georgian Hydropower Development A NORWEGIAN-GEORGIAN COOPERATION PROGRAM Citation of Report: Guledani, M. 2014. EIA Policy and Process in Georgian Hydropower Development. Sustainable Hydropower Development in Georgia. Report No.1 (76 pages), Norsk Energi, Oslo. ISBN: 978-82-7252-206-2. Available from: http://www.energi.no/en/projects. EIA Policy and Process in Georgian Hydropower Development For the Program: Sustainable Hydropower Development by Norsk Energi Prepared by: Marina Guledani, Legal Expert Telephone: + 995 599 94 70 79 (mob) + 995 32 255 99 00 (office) Email: [email protected] Address: 154 Agmashenebeli Ave. Tbilisi, Georgia Edited by: Dr. Shivcharn S. Dhillion, Editor, ENVIRO-DEV Checked by: Endre Ottosen, Project manager, Norsk Energi Project Management: NORSK ENERGI Funded by: THE NORWEGIAN MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS May 2014 2 Report #1: EIA Policy and Process in SUSTAINABLE HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT Georgian Hydropower Development A NORWEGIAN-GEORGIAN COOPERATION PROGRAM LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank BOO Build Own Operate CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CDM Clean Development Mechanism CMS Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals DNA Designated National Authority EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIP Environmental Impact Permit ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EU European Union GoG Government of Georgia HPP Hydropower Plant IFI International Financial Institution LEE Law on Ecological Expertise LEP Law of Environment Protection LEIP Law on Environmental Impact Permit MoU Memorandum of Understanding MoE Ministry of Energy MoESD Ministry of Economic and Sustainable Development MENRP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia NEPAP National Environment Protection Action Program NBSAP The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan RFA Request for Applications SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SNIP Construction Norms and Rules SanPin Sanitary Rules and Norms SHPD Sustainable Hydropower Development SSD Strategy for Sustainable Development TCSA Technical and Construction Supervision Agency UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe WCD World Commission on Dams 3 Report #1: EIA Policy and Process in SUSTAINABLE HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT Georgian Hydropower Development A NORWEGIAN-GEORGIAN COOPERATION PROGRAM FOREWORD The timely development of hydropower in Georgia is seen as one of the main vehicles to development and accession to the European Union. Parallel to this is the legislative enhancement called for by the EU and international actors for the documentation, handling and monitoring of environmental and social infringements. Particularly sensitive themes are those related to large infrastructure developments. Georgia inherited a soviet legacy of environmental handling which she has been slowing unraveling to meet newer international requirements for EIA and minimizing environmental liability. Recent years have shown significant strides into enhancing the entire process of hydropower development where EIA has been central. The changes in progress are rapid and span the processes of permitting (licensing), EIA and monitoring. As most young nations there is a need for constant study and evaluation of systems in place, as steady learning (and change) requires some degree of systemic recognition. This report charts out the EIA policy and process as related to the development of hydropower, as a case, with a fair dose of historical and semantic clarifications for elements present. It also shows the dynamic changes that have taken place and those that are prompted. Guledani has been able to skillfully tease out the essential elements in light of inherent Georgian understanding and international practice. In her analysis, Guledani has made a key contribution to the current status of EIA in Georgia. Her contribution is part of the Sustainable Hydropower Development (SHD) Project, a description of which follows. Shivcharn Dhillion, Ph.D. Lead International Consultant, SHD Project, Norsk Energi Managing Director and Researcher, ENVIRO-DEV May 30, 2014 4 Report #1: EIA Policy and Process in SUSTAINABLE HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT Georgian Hydropower Development A NORWEGIAN-GEORGIAN COOPERATION PROGRAM BACKGROUND The report “EIA policy and process in Georgian hydropower development” is developed under the Norwegian-Georgian cooperation program Sustainable Hydropower Development in Georgia. The program is financed by Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and implemented in close cooperation with Government of Georgia. The goal of the program is assist the development of an environmentally and socially sustainable hydropower sector in Georgia. The Program consists of three main components: 1. Public Participation: Aiming to make the civil society and local population affected by hydropower development better equipped to engage in public consultation processes. The work included development of a Citizens Guide and implementation of a Training of Trainers Program. 2. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment: A review of policies and guidelines relevant to ESIA and hydropower in Georgia was conducted (this report). This was followed by an analysis of EIA/ESIAs for hydropower projects in Georgia, aiming to identify incongruences between current Georgian practices, and the Georgian ESIA requirements as well as international standards. A Stakeholder Working Group (SWG), consisting of representatives from the Government of Georgia, civil society and academia was set up to provide recommendations for how to strengthen the practice for EIA/ESIA for hydropower. The outcome of the SWG process is presented in a separate report. 3. Sustainable Hydropower Development: A set Knowledge Sharing Workshops aiming to increase capacity among stakeholders in governmental and non-governmental sector as and private sector on sustainable hydropower development. Topics include Environmental flow and cumulative impacts, Communication documents and Environmental and Social Management Plans. This report describes the policies and guidelines relevant to ESIA and hydropower in Georgia; the GoG’s international and regional obligations under multilateral agreements and conventions, linked to national ESIA policy and process; gaps and inconsistencies in relation to the best international practice, which can be improved through respective legal amendments to these instruments or creation of additional legal safeguards. The program “Sustainable Hydropower Development in Georgia” is implemented by a consortium of partners managed by Norsk Energi, with ENVIRO-DEV as Lead International Consultant and Gross Energy Group as Local Partner. This report was prepared Ms. Marina Guledani, with editing by Dr. Shivcharn S. Dhillion. Endre Ottosen, Norsk Energi Project Manager Sustainable Hydropower Development in Georgia [email protected] // +47 959 01 295 May 30, 2014 5 Report #1: EIA Policy and Process in SUSTAINABLE HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT Georgian Hydropower Development A NORWEGIAN-GEORGIAN COOPERATION PROGRAM AKNOWLEDGEMENT I have taken efforts in preparation of the report. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals, organizations and representatives of state bodies I have had the opportunity to meet, interview and discuss matters of relevance. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to Norsk Energi and its representative Mr. Endre Ottosen for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project. I am highly idebted to Mr. Shivcharn S. Dhillion of ENVIRO-DEV for his continuous guidance and mentoring throughout the whole study. Without his direction my work and completion of this document would have not been possible. Marina Guledani Legal Expert Citation of Report: Guledani, M. 2014. EIA Policy and Process in Georgian Hydropower Development. Sustainable Hydropower Development in Georgia. Report No.1 (76 pages), Norsk Energi, Oslo. ISBN: 978-82-7252-206-2. Available from: http://www.energi.no/en/projects. 6 Report #1: EIA Policy and Process in SUSTAINABLE HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT Georgian Hydropower Development A NORWEGIAN-GEORGIAN COOPERATION PROGRAM TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................... 3 1. SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... 8 2. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................. 8 3. SCOPE OF THE REPORT ........................................................................................................... 9 4. HYDROPOWER POLICY OF GEORGIA ............................................................................ 10 5. IMPLEMENTING HYDROPOWER PROJECTS ............................................................... 12 6. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GUIDELINES ............................................................ 21 7. EIA UNDER GEORGIAN LEGISLATION ..........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anatolian Rivers Between East and West
    Anatolian Rivers between East and West: Axes and Frontiers Geographical, economical and cultural aspects of the human-environment interactions between the Kızılırmak and Tigris Rivers in ancient times A series of three Workshops * First Workshop The Connectivity of Rivers Bilkent University Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture & Faculty of Humanities and Letters Ankara 18th November 2016 ABSTRACTS Second Workshop, 4th – 7th May 2017, at the State University Shota Rustaveli, Batumi. The Exploitation of the Economic Resources of Rivers. Third Workshop, 28th – October 1st September 2017, at the French Institute for Anatolian Studies, Istanbul. The Cultural Aspects of Rivers. Frontier Rivers between Asia and Europe Anca Dan (Paris, CNRS-ENS, [email protected]) The concept of « frontier », the water resources and the extension of Europe/Asia are currently topics of debates to which ancient historians and archaeologists can bring their contribution. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the watercourses which played a part in the mental construction of the inhabited world, in its division between West and East and, more precisely, between Europe and Asia. The paper is organized in three parts: the first is an inventory of the watercourses which have been considered, at some point in history, as dividing lines between Europe and Asia; the second part is an attempt to explain the need of dividing the inhabited world by streams; the third part assesses the impact of this mental construct on the reality of a river, which is normally at the same time an obstacle and a spine in the mental organization of a space.
    [Show full text]
  • Law of Georgia on State Property
    LAW OF GEORGIA ON STATE PROPERTY Chapter I - General Provisions Article 1 - Scope of the Law 1. This Law regulates relations concerning the management, administration and transfer into use of the state property of Georgia. 2. (Deleted). 3. (Deleted). 4. (Deleted). 5. This Law shall not apply to: a) the cases specified in Article 101(3)(e) of the Law of Georgia on Public Procurement; b) the transfer or any other administration of useful parts and materials obtained after the reconstruction, repair, dismantling or demolition of state- owned buildings transferred for use to state bodies of Georgia, to the bodies of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara or to local self-government bodies or to legal entities under public law for the purpose of covering, in full or in part, the costs of reconstruction, repair, dismantling or demolition of these buildings by such body or legal entity under public law; c) the transfer or any other administration of the useful parts and materials obtained as a result of the reconstruction, repair, dismantling or demolition of buildings transferred for use to the state bodies of Georgia, to the bodies of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, or to the Autonomous Republic of Ajara or to local self-government bodies or to legal entities under public law, shall be effected by such body or legal entity under public law for the purpose of covering, in full or in part, the costs of reconstruction, repair, dismantling or demolition of the buildings in accordance with the procedures and
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development Potentials in Georgia
    FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1055/1 REU/C1055/1(En) ISSN 2070-6065 REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS IN GEORGIA Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: Sales and Marketing Group Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +39 06 57053360 Web site: www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1055/1 REU/C1055/1 (En) REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS IN GEORGIA by Marina Khavtasi † Senior Specialist Department of Integrated Environmental Management and Biodiversity Ministry of the Environment Protection and Natural Resources Tbilisi, Georgia Marina Makarova Head of Division Water Resources Protection Ministry of the Environment Protection and Natural Resources Tbilisi, Georgia Irina Lomashvili Senior Specialist Department of Integrated Environmental Management and Biodiversity Ministry of the Environment Protection and Natural Resources Tbilisi, Georgia Archil Phartsvania National Consultant Thomas Moth-Poulsen Fishery Officer FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia Budapest, Hungary András Woynarovich FAO Consultant FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2010 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Ownership and the Development of the Land Market in Georgia
    Land Ownership and the Development of the Land Market in Georgia A Report Commissioned by Alliances KK and Undertaken by a Private Consultant Alexander Gvaramia Translation edited by Helen Bradbury 2013 Tbilisi Alliances KK This report was produced by a private consultant Alexander Gvaramia a legal expert on land laws and issues and a member of the Swiss Development Cooperation funded Mercy Corps Georgia implemented Alliances Kvemo Kartli Programme, Helen Bradbury, a market development programme working in the dairy, beef and sheep value chains in Dmanisi, Tetritskaro and Tsalka municipalities of Kevmo Kartli. The International Centre for Conflict Negotiation (ICCN) a partner of Alliances KK was responsible for facilitating the concept and production of the report. For more information please go to www.allianceskk.ge 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER I. PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF AGRICULTURAL LAND .............................................................................................. 5 1. THE SOVIET PERIOD AND THE LAND REFORM OF THE 1990S .......................................................................................................... 5 Size of Land Parcels .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Geographical Limitations on Issuing Land ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Genesis and Sedimentation of the Travertines in Georgia
    saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis moambe, t. 14, #1, 2020 BULLETIN OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. 14, no. 1, 2020 Paleogeography Genesis and Sedimentation of the Travertines in Georgia Revaz Khazaradze* and Koba Kharadze* Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia (Presented by Academy Member Revaz Gachechiladze) On the basis of the studies carried out we determined the areas of the genesis and distribution of travertines on the territory of Georgia. As it became clear the distribution of travertines in the Caucasus Mountains is mainly linked to the distribution line of Mesozoic sediments, where two types of travertines can be distinguished: an active travertine (it has a source and sedimentation is still lasting) and an inactive travertine (the source has dried up and sedimentation does not take place). In the active travertines there are numerous prints of plant leaves and stems that enables to determine the approximate age of their genesis; it became known that it may belong to Holocene or a period close to the modern age. As to the inactive travertines, they are poor in vegetation prints. They have been eroded and therefore, it becomes difficult to determine their age. © 2020 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci. Travertines, active travertine, inactive travertine, genesis Water saturated with the carbonate material following the glaciation (Holocene). Seemingly, deposits it onto layer surfaces in the forms of the above researchers share the idea that mineral limestone, tufa and travertine. The outcropped waters were widely spread in the Quaternary in the rocks are not always presented as limestone.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Georgia and Western Azerbaijan, South Caucasus)
    Synopsis of the terrestrial vertebrate faunas from the Middle Kura Basin (Eastern Georgia and Western Azerbaijan, South Caucasus) MAIA BUKHSIANIDZE and KAKHABER KOIAVA Bukhsianidze, M. and Koiava, K. 2018. Synopsis of the terrestrial vertebrate faunas from the Middle Kura Basin (Eastern Georgia and Western Azerbaijan, South Caucasus). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (3): 441–461. This paper summarizes knowledge on the Neogene–Quaternary terrestrial fossil record from the Middle Kura Basin accumulated over a century and aims to its integration into the current research. This fossil evidence is essential in understanding the evolution of the Eurasian biome, since this territory is located at the border of Eastern Mediterranean and Central Asian regions. The general biostratigraphic framework suggests existence of two major intervals of the terrestrial fossil record in the area, spanning ca. 10–7 Ma and ca. 3–1 Ma, and points to an important hiatus between the late Miocene and late Pliocene. General aspects of the paleogeographic history and fossil record suggest that the biogeographic role of the Middle Kura Basin has been changing over geological time from a refugium (Khersonian) to a full-fledged part of the Greco-Iranian province (Meotian–Pontian). The dynamic environmental changes during the Quaternary do not depict this territory as a refugium in its general sense. The greatest value of this fossil record is the potential to understand a detailed history of terrestrial life during demise of late Miocene Hominoidea in Eurasia and early Homo dispersal out of Africa. Late Miocene record of the Middle Kura Basin captures the latest stage of the Eastern Paratethys regression, and among other fossils counts the latest and the easternmost occurence of dryopithecine, Udabnopithecus garedziensis, while the almost uninterrupted fossil record of the late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene covers the time interval of the early human occupation of Caucasus and Eurasia.
    [Show full text]
  • Zemo Osiauri Section (Km 114 to Km 121212612 666)))) Draft Report
    Roads Department of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia Environmental Impact Assessment of works for upgrading EE----6060 EastEast----WestWest Highway section between Agara ––– Zemo Osiauri section (km 114 to km 121212612 666)))) Draft report February, 2013 Environmental Impact Assessment of works for upgrading E-60 East -West Highway section between Agara and Zemo Osiauri (km 114 to km 126) List of Acronyms EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EWH East - West Highway FS Feasibility Study HSE Health, Safety, Environment HS Health and Safety GoG Government of Georgia HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle KP Kilometre Post MCMP Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection MESD Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Geor- gia NKUK Nippon Koei UK MLHSA Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs NGO Non-Governmental Organization OP/BP 4.01 World Banks Operational Policy on Environmental Assess- ment AH Affected households AP Affected people RAP Resettlement Action Plan QC/QA Quality Control and Quality Assurance RD Roads Department of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia MoE Ministry of Environment Protection MRDIG Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Geor- gia RBG Red Book of Georgia Protected Species RoW Right of Way SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan TEM Trans-European Motorway ToR Terms of Reference WB The World Bank WHO World Health Organisation Environmental Impact Assessment of works for upgrading E-60 East -West Highway section between Agara and Zemo Osiauri (km 114 to km 126) Table of contents 1 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY .............................................................. 2 2 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 12 3 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ..............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Reserved Domains
    Countries: (.ge; .edu.ge; .org.ge; .net.ge; .pvt.ge; .school.ge) afghanistan cameroon ghana greece lebanon nigeria spain zambia albania canada grenada lesotho liberia norway srilanka zimbabwe algeria centralafricanrepublic guatemala libya oman sudan andorra chad guinea liechtenstein pakistan palau suriname angola chile guinea-bissau lithuania palestina swaziland antiguaandbarbuda china guyana luxembourg panama sweden argentina colombia haiti macau papuanewguinea switzerland macedonia armenia comoros honduras paraguay peru syria madagascar aruba congo hongkong philippines taiwan malawi australia costarica hungary poland portugal tajikistan malaysia austria croatia iceland qatar romania tanzania maldives mali azerbaijan cuba india russia malta thailand bahama curacao indonesia marshallislands rwanda timor-leste bahrain cyprus iran iraq mauritania saintlucia togo tonga bangladesh czechia ireland mauritius samoa trinidadandtobago barbados denmark israel italy mexico sanmarino tunisia turkey belarus djibouti dominica jamaica micronesia saudiarabia turkmenistan belgium dominicanrepublic japan moldova senegal serbia tuvalu uganda seychelles belize ecuador egypt jordan monaco ukraine sierraleone benin elsalvador kazakhstan mongolia unitedarabemirates singapore bhutan equatorialguinea kenya montenegro uk england sintmaarten birma eritrea kiribati morocco unitedkingdom slovakia bolivia estonia northkorea mozambique uruguay slovenia bosniaandherzegovina korea namibia nauru uzbekistan ethiopia solomonislands botswana brazil southkorea nepal vatikan
    [Show full text]
  • Implications for Kinematic Evolution of the Georgian Part of Kura Foreland Fold-And-Thrust Belt
    Structure of the Gare Kakheti foothills using seismic reflection profiles: implications for kinematic evolution of the Georgian part of Kura foreland fold-and-thrust belt Alexander Razmadze Tbilisi State University, Institute of Geophysics, Georgia ([email protected]) Gare Kakheti foothills is located between Lesser Caucasus and Kakheti Ridge and is mainly represented by the series of NEN dipping thrust faults, most of which are associated with fault‐related folds. Gare Kakheti foothills as a part of the Kura foreland fold-and-thrust belt developed formerly as a foreland basin (Oligocene-Lower Miocene) (e.g. Alania et al., 2017). Figure 1. Tectonic map of the Arabia - Eurasia collision zone Figure 2. Simplified tectonic map of the Caucasus (Modified from Adamia et al. 2011; Mosar et al. Figure 3. Geological map of study area (modified from Sepashvili, 1976). (modified from Sosson et al. 2016). Abbreviations: CR-Crimea; GC- 2010; Sosson et al. 2016). Abbreviations: SSGC- Southern Slope of Greater Caucasus, MRGC-Main Figure 5. Interpreted seismic profiles. Location is shown in Figure 3. Greater Caucasus; LC-Lesser Caucasus; R-Rioni; IUZ-Imereti uplift Range of Greater Caucasus, NSGC-Northern Slope of Greater Caucasus; RFB-Rioni foreland basin; zone; Dz-Dzirula; KFB-Kura Foreland Basin; ATFTB-Achara- IUZ-Imereti uplift zone; ATFTB-Achara-Trialeti fold-and-thrust belt; TFTB-Talysh fold-and- Trialeti fold-and-thrust belt; SAB-South Armenian Block; MB-Mus thrust belt; DZ-Dzirula; Kh-Khrami; L-Loki; Ts-Tsakhkuniats. Basin; EP-Eastern Pontides; KM-Kirsehir Massif; EAF-Eastern Anatolian Fault; NAF-North Anatolian Fault; IAES-Izmir-Ankara- Erzincan Suture; MM-Menderes Massif.
    [Show full text]
  • Donors' Supported Projects and Programs Envisaged in the State
    Donors’ supported Projects and Programs Envisaged in the State Budget As of Japril 30, 2018 (In thousand) Expenditures made during Agreed amount Amount envisaged in the State Total of Expenditures * the Year of 2018 Budget 2018 (Actual expenditures) ** (Actual expenditures) ** Projects Comment date Date of Currency of Loan/Grant GEL GEL GEL Agreement Project Closing Currency Credit Grant Credit Grant Credit Grant Credit Grant Road Infrastructure 751,800.0 15,300.0 48,900.0 982.6 1,463,913.2 27,243.6 - Construction of the Agara - Zemo Osiauri Section (approximately 12 km) of the Highway (construction works are completed, 7 km section is SDR 24,500.0 open for traffic, the remaining 5 km section will be opened after the completion of construction works on the section of Zemo Osiauri-Chumateleti ) Fourth East-West Highway Improvement Project (Agara - Zemo Osiauri) (WB) 06.06.2013 28.02.2019 16,000.0 7,280.1 138,402.0 - Construction of a riverbank protection (approximately 3.4 km) structure (completed); USD 38,000.0 - Feasibility study and other preparatory activities (including Second Rikoti Tunnel) for the construction of the Rikoti-Zestafoni Section of Highway (completed). Construction of the Zemo Osiauri - Chumateleti Section (approximately 14.1 km) of the Highway (Contracts are awarded for Lot I and II; USD 140,000.0 construction works are ongoing); East-West Highway Corridor Improvement Project (Zemo Osiauri - Rikoti) (WB, - Providing support for capacity building to the Roads Department of Georgia (planned); 10.02.2016 31.12.2020 73,900.0 13,050.5 63,653.2 EIB) - Technical Assistance to the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia in preparation of Feasibility Study to identify priority logistic sites (completed); EUR 49,450.0 - Preparation of designs and supporting studies for future investment for the development of the road network (planned).
    [Show full text]
  • The Electoral Law of Georgia
    Organic Law of Georgia Election Code of Georgia Section I. General Part Chapter I - General Provisions Article 1 - Scope of the Law This Law regulates relations connected with preparation and conduct of referenda, plebiscites, and elections of the President of Georgia, the Parliament of Georgia, a local self-government representative body Sakrebulo, and of a local self-government executive body - Mayor/Gamgebeli (head of the local administration). This Law establishes the rights and guarantees of election participants, the procedure for the establishment of the Electoral Administration of Georgia and its powers; also, where so provided for by this Law, the procedure for resolution of disputes. [Article 1 – The scope of the Law This Law regulates relations connected with preparation and conduct of referenda, plebiscites, and elections of the President of Georgia, the Parliament of Georgia, a municipality representative body Sakrebulo, and of a municipality executive body - a Mayor. This Law establishes the rights and guarantees of election participants, the procedure for the establishment of the Electoral Administration of Georgia and its powers; also, where so provided for by this Law, the procedure for resolution of disputes. (Shall become effective from the day when the results of regular elections of local self-government bodies in 2017 are officially announced)] Organic Law of Georgia No 2093 of 7 March 2014 – website, 14.3.2014 Organic Law of Georgia No 1232 of 26 July 2017 – website, 29.7.2017 Article 2 - Definition of terms For
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Caucasus: a Review
    Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences (Turkish J. Earth Sci.), Vol.S. ADAMIA 20, 2011, ET pp. AL. 489–544. Copyright ©TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/yer-1005-11 First published online 11 April 2011 Geology of the Caucasus: A Review SHOTA ADAMIA1, GURAM ZAKARIADZE 2, TAMAR CHKHOTUA3, NINO SADRADZE1,3, NINO TSERETELI1, ALEKSANDRE CHABUKIANI1 & ALEKSANDRE GVENTSADZE1 1 M. Nodia Institute of Geophysics, 1/1 M. Alexidze str., 0171, Tbilisi, Georgia (E-mail: [email protected]) 2 Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, RAS, 119991, Moscow, Russia 3 Al. Janelidze Institute of Geology, 1/9 M. Alexidze str., 0193, Tbilisi, Georgia Received 15 May 2010; revised typescripts receipt 30 January 2011 & 14 January 2011; accepted 11 April 2011 Abstract: Th e structure and geological history of the Caucasus are largely determined by its position between the still- converging Eurasian and Africa-Arabian lithospheric plates, within a wide zone of continental collision. During the Late Proterozoic–Early Cenozoic, the region belonged to the Tethys Ocean and its Eurasian and Africa-Arabian margins where there existed a system of island arcs, intra-arc rift s, back-arc basins characteristic of the pre-collisional stage of its evolution of the region. Th e region, along with other fragments that are now exposed in the Upper Precambrian– Cambrian crystalline basement of the Alpine orogenic belt, was separated from western Gondwana during the Early Palaeozoic as a result of back-arc rift ing above a south-dipping subduction zone. Continued rift ing and seafl oor spreading produced the Palaeotethys Ocean in the wake of northward migrating peri-Gondwanan terranes.
    [Show full text]