The Caucasus Globalization
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REPORT of the Public Organization the «International Fund Apsny
REPORT Of the Public Organization The «International Fund Apsny» 2016 The Public organization "International Foundation Apsny" was founded in March 2015 by the following individuals: Sener Gogua, Daur Arshba, Slava Sakaniya, Oktay Chkotua, Maxim Gvindzhia, Asida Inapshba, Sirma Ashuba, Roin Agrba, Beslan Kvitsinia, Astamur Logua, Julia Gumba, Beslan Kvarchia, Erkan Kutarba. The aims of organization are to promote a merger the unification of Abkhazian people around the world. The "International Foundation Apsny" prepares and implements projects that address demographic, social, cultural and other issues related to the development of state. Moreover, the organization develops favorable conditions for the participation of the Abkhazian diaspora in the socio - economic life of Abkhazia. The organization is highly involved in charity work. The «International Fund Apsny» is structured in the following way: President – Gogua Sener Nedzhemovich Vice-President - Gvindzhia Maxim Kharitonovich Secretary General - Inapshba Ashida Vladimirovna 1. Committee on International Relations - Gvindzhia Maxim Kharitonovich 2. Committee on Media and Public Relations - Amkuab Guram Artemovich 3. Committee on Apsuara - Chkotua Oktay Bekirovich 4. Committee on Population and Repatriation - Ashoba Syrma Pavlovna 5. Committee on Economic Development, Investments and Finance - Kvarchia Beslan A. 6. Committee on Culture and Education - Logua Nugzar Chichikoevich 7. Committee on Social Policy - Yulia Gumba Sabrievna 8. Committee on Youth Policy - Agrba Simon Zakanovich -
Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus
STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scientific institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N. -
Doing Business in Georgia: 2015 Country Commercial Guide for U.S
Doing Business in Georgia: 2015 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2010. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. • Chapter 1: Doing Business In Georgia • Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment • Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services • Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment • Chapter 5: Trade Regulations, Customs and Standards • Chapter 6: Investment Climate • Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing • Chapter 8: Business Travel • Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events • Chapter 10: Guide to Our Services Chapter 1: Doing Business in Georgia • Market Overview • Market Challenges • Market Opportunities • Market Entry Strategy Market Overview Return to top Market Overview Georgia is a small transitional market economy of 3.7 million people with a per capita GDP of $3,681 (2014). Georgia is located at the crossroads between Europe and Central Asia and has experienced economic growth over the past twelve years. In June 2014, Georgia signed an Association Agreement (AA) and Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) with the European Union. Through reduced tariffs and the removal of technical barriers to entry, the DCFTA gives Georgian products access to over 500 million people in the EU. Reciprocally, products from the EU now enjoy easier access to the Georgian market. Following the launch of the U.S.-Georgia Strategic Partnership Commission (SPC) in 2009, the U.S. Department of State holds regular meetings with its Georgian counterparts across various working groups. One of these dialogues is the Economic, Energy, and Trade Working Group which aims to coordinate Georgia’s strategy for development in these areas and to explore ways to expand bilateral economic cooperation. -
Georgia/Abkhazia
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH ARMS PROJECT HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH/HELSINKI March 1995 Vol. 7, No. 7 GEORGIA/ABKHAZIA: VIOLATIONS OF THE LAWS OF WAR AND RUSSIA'S ROLE IN THE CONFLICT CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................5 EVOLUTION OF THE WAR.......................................................................................................................................6 The Role of the Russian Federation in the Conflict.........................................................................................7 RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................................................8 To the Government of the Republic of Georgia ..............................................................................................8 To the Commanders of the Abkhaz Forces .....................................................................................................8 To the Government of the Russian Federation................................................................................................8 To the Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus...........................................................................9 To the United Nations .....................................................................................................................................9 To the Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe..........................................................................9 -
A Description of a New Subspecies of Rock Lizard Darevskia Brauneri Myusserica Ssp
Труды Зоологического института РАН Том 315, № 3, 2011, c. 242–262 УДК 598.113.6 ОПИСАНИЕ НОВОГО ПОДВИДА СКАЛЬНОЙ ЯЩЕРИЦЫ DAREVSKIA BRAUNERI MYUSSERICA SSP. NOV. ИЗ ЗАПАДНОГО ЗАКАВКАЗЬЯ (АБХАЗИЯ) C КОММЕНТАРИЯМИ ПО СИСТЕ МАТИКЕ КОМПЛЕКСА DAREVSKIA SAXICOLA И.В. Доронин Зоологический институт Российской академии наук, Университетская наб. 1, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Россия; e-mail: [email protected] РЕЗЮМЕ В статье приводится описание нового подвида скальной ящерицы комплекса Darevskia saxicola, обитающего на территории Пицундо-Мюссерского заповедника и в районе г. Гагра Республики Абхазия. Мюссерская ящерица, Darevskia brauneri myusserica ssp. nov., отличается от других таксонов комплекса следующей ком- бинацией морфологических признаков: (1) крупный или очень крупный центральновисочный щиток; (2) прерывистый ряд ресничных зернышек между верхнересничными и надглазничными щитками; (3) наличие дополнительных щитков, лежащих по обе стороны от затылочного и межтеменного щитков, либо дробление последнего; (4) сетчатый рисунок на спине (у самок нечеткий); (5) доминирование у самок серого и светло- серого цвета в окраске дорсальной поверхности тела; (6) белое горло и брюхо. Кроме того, новый подвид отличается некоторыми особенностями биологии: биотопической приуроченностью к прибрежным выходам конгломерата и относительно низкой численностью популяции. Предположительно, формирование таксона протекало в плейстоцене. Образование приморской равнины полуострова Пицунда за счет аллювиальной и морской аккумуляции в позднем неоплейстоцене – голоцене разделило ареал мюссерской ящерицы на гагр- ский и мюссерский участки. Эта территория расположена в пределах Черноморского рефугиума восточно- средиземноморских видов герпетофауны. Ключевые слова: Абхазия, комплекс Darevskia saxicola, скальные ящерицы, Darevskia brauneri myusserica ssp. nov. A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES OF ROCK LIZARD DAREVSKIA BRAUNERI MYUSSERICA SSP. NOV. FROM THE WESTERN TRANSCAUCASIA (ABKHAZIA), WITH COMMENTS ON SYSTEMATICS OF DAREVSKIA SAXICOLA COMPLEX I.V. -
The Politics of Constructing National Identity and Mandatory Detention of Asylum-Seekers in Australia and Japan
National Identity Crisis: The Politics of Constructing National Identity and Mandatory Detention of Asylum-Seekers in Australia and Japan Emily Flahive I. Introduction II. International and Domestic Law on Detention Part A – International Law Part B – Australia’s Laws on Mandatory Detention Part C – Japan’s Laws on Mandatory Detention III. National Identity Part A – Theory of National Identity Part B – Japan’s National Identity in its Immigration and Citizenship Laws Part C – Australia’s National Identity in its Immigration and Citizenship Laws IV. National Identity Crisis V. Conclusion I. INTRODUCTION In an era marked by increasingly repressive policies regarding asylum-seekers, 2005 witnessed two seemingly unconnected countries – Australia and Japan – soften their laws on the detention of unlawful asylum-seekers. 1 Japan and Australia, however, are not so different: in response to the perceived threat to their national identities both countries have developed policies of mandatory detention for unlawful asylum-seekers. Through the use of immigration and citizenship laws, the Australian and Japanese governments have excluded asylum-seekers as the nations’ ‘other’, thereby justifying their detention. In examining how ostensibly different examples as Australia and Japan have developed similar refugee policies, universal elements of national identity emerge that can be used by refugee advocates worldwide. Japan and Australia have undertaken an international obligation not to punish refugees for arriving unlawfully in their countries. 2 Under international law, the deten- tion of an asylum-seeker is not considered punishment if such detention is deemed ‘necessary’ by the host state. 3 In its recommended guidelines, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees sets out when, in its view, detention might be considered 1 In this article, the term ‘unlawful asylum-seeker’ denotes an asylum-seeker who has entered a country without a valid visa or passport. -
Anatolian Rivers Between East and West
Anatolian Rivers between East and West: Axes and Frontiers Geographical, economical and cultural aspects of the human-environment interactions between the Kızılırmak and Tigris Rivers in ancient times A series of three Workshops * First Workshop The Connectivity of Rivers Bilkent University Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture & Faculty of Humanities and Letters Ankara 18th November 2016 ABSTRACTS Second Workshop, 4th – 7th May 2017, at the State University Shota Rustaveli, Batumi. The Exploitation of the Economic Resources of Rivers. Third Workshop, 28th – October 1st September 2017, at the French Institute for Anatolian Studies, Istanbul. The Cultural Aspects of Rivers. Frontier Rivers between Asia and Europe Anca Dan (Paris, CNRS-ENS, [email protected]) The concept of « frontier », the water resources and the extension of Europe/Asia are currently topics of debates to which ancient historians and archaeologists can bring their contribution. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the watercourses which played a part in the mental construction of the inhabited world, in its division between West and East and, more precisely, between Europe and Asia. The paper is organized in three parts: the first is an inventory of the watercourses which have been considered, at some point in history, as dividing lines between Europe and Asia; the second part is an attempt to explain the need of dividing the inhabited world by streams; the third part assesses the impact of this mental construct on the reality of a river, which is normally at the same time an obstacle and a spine in the mental organization of a space. -
Aw As Adjunct to Custom?
LAW AS ADJUNCT TO CUSTOM? Abkhaz custom and law in today’s state-building and ‘modernisation’ - (Studied through dispute resolution) DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND CONSERVATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF KENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 12 FEBRUARY 2015 By Michael Costello Examiners: Professor Michael Fischer Associate Professor Jacob Rigi Supervisor: Lecturer Glenn Bowman 1 LAW AS ADJUNCT TO CUSTOM? The relationship between Abkhaz custom and law in today’s state-building and ‘modernisation’ - (Studied through dispute resolution) Abstract The setting for research is Abkhazia a small country south of the Caucasus Mountains and bordering Europe and the Near East. The Abkhaz hold onto custom – apswara – to make of state law an adjunct to custom as the state strives to strengthen its powers to ‘modernise’ along capitalist lines. This institution of a parallel-cum-interwoven and oppositional existence of practices and the laws questions the relationship of the two in a novel way. The bases of apswara are its concepts of communality and fairness. Profound transformations have followed the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and the breakaway from and subsequent war with Georgia, none of which have brought the bright prospects that were hoped-for with independence. The element of hope in post-Soviet nostalgia provides pointers to what the Abkhaz seek to enact for their future, to decide the course of change that entertains the possibility of a non-capitalist modernisation route and a customary state. Apswara is founded on the direct participatory democracy of non-state regulation. It draws members of all ethnicities into the generation of nationalist self-awareness that transcends ethnicity and religions, and forms around sacred shrines and decisions taken by popular assemblies. -
Management Plan for the World Heritage Site Gelati Monastery
MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE WORLD HERITAGE SITE GELATI MONASTERY 2017 Table of Contents LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS........................................................................................................................5 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................6 1.1. Aim of the Management Plan.................................................................................................6 1.2. Relation with other studies.....................................................................................................6 1.3. Scope and approach ...............................................................................................................7 General.............................................................................................................................................7 Management principles ...................................................................................................................8 Approach..........................................................................................................................................9 1.4. Objectives of the management plan ................................................................................... 10 Preparation of a spatial plan for the project area......................................................................... 10 Protection and conservation management ................................................................................. -
6. Imereti – Historical-Cultural Overview
SFG2110 SECOND REGIONAL DEVELOPMETN PROJECT IMERETI REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IMERETI TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Public Disclosure Authorized STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL HERITAGE AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Tbilisi, December, 2014 ABBREVIATIONS GNTA Georgia National Tourism Administration EIA Environnemental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Management System IFI International Financial Institution IRDS Imereti Regional Development Strategy ITDS Imereti Tourism Development Strategy MDF Municipal Development Fund of Georgia MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoENRP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia MoIA Ministry of Internal Affairs MoCMP Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection MoJ Ministry of Justice MoESD Ministry of Economic and Sustaineble Developmnet NACHP National Agency for Cultural Heritage Protection PIU Project Implementation Unit PPE Personal protective equipment RDP Regional Development Project SECHSA Strategic Environmental, Cultural Heritage and Social Assessment WB World Bank Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 0 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 14 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................... -
Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918-1921) by Dr
UDC 9 (479.22) 34 Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918-1921) by Dr. Levan Z. Urushadze (Tbilisi, Georgia) ISBN 99940-0-539-1 The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG. “Sakartvelos Demokratiuli Respublika” in Georgian) was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia in 1918 - 1921. The DRG was established after the collapse of the Russian Tsarist Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917. Its established borders were with Russia in the north, and the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, Turkey, Armenia, and Azerbaijan in the south. It had a total land area of roughly 107,600 km2 (by comparison, the total area of today's Georgia is 69,700 km2), and a population of 2.5 million. As today, its capital was Tbilisi and its state language - Georgian. THE NATIONAL FLAG AND COAT OF ARMS OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA A Trans-Caucasian house of representatives convened on February 10, 1918, establishing the Trans-Caucasian Democratic Federative Republic, which existed from February, 1918 until May, 1918. The Trans-Caucasian Democratic Federative Republic was managed by the Trans-Caucasian Commissariat chaired by representatives of Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. On May 26, 1918 this Federation was abolished and Georgia declared its independence. Politics In February 1917, in Tbilisi the first meeting was organised concerning the future of Georgia. The main organizer of this event was an outstanding Georgian scientist and public benefactor, Professor Mikheil (Mikhako) Tsereteli (one of the leaders of the Committee -
Vestnik Slavianskikh Kul'tur. 2020. Vol. 56 DOI
Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur. 2020. Vol. 56 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2020-56-75-88 УДК 008 + 304.2 ББК 71.05 This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) © 2020. Ekaterina V. Sklizkova Moscow, Russia PRAGMATICS OF LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECT OF HERALDRY Abstract: As a complex and multilevel sign system heraldry includes separate semiotic subsystems such as colour (tinctures), figures, legends etc. with their own semantics, syntactics, and pragmatics. They can be used together within the heraldry or separately. Thus linguocultural component of heraldry expresses itself in different units. The structure of heraldic sign resembles a linguistic sign, especially the ancient systems of non-alphabetic writing. Semantic kernel is contaminated by additive elements showing the paradigm. Pure linguistic component is manifested in heraldic mottoes and blazon. Jargon du blazon is a specific language, quite productive even in modern times. Heraldic terminology was the means of cross-cultural communication in Europe. Motto is a short capacious aphorism close to a cry, written in a native or dominant in a culture language. The blazon is connected with heraldry directly and possesses all the features of “specific language” (grammar, semantics etc.). Literature as the mirror of the epochs reflects all spirits of the times. Heraldry manifests itself in literature in several aspects. It creates an air, background for a plot or displays the sense forming component of the composition. Besides there are many special heraldic resources fully dedicated to heraldry, its terminology, blazon, pragmatics etc. Intermediate linguocultural character of heraldry, language, literature, and their semiotic functioning is the linking element of these apparently different aspects of culture.